话题11 历史与社会-【一战成名新中考】2026辽宁中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·话题读写思维训练优质PPT课件（练册）

该初中英语中考复习课件紧密对接中考“人与社会”主题，涵盖历史与社会等高频话题，精选2025兰州、宿迁等改编真题及沈阳7年4考考点，系统梳理词义猜测、细节理解、写作意图等核心题型，结合教材单元链接构建知识网络，体现中考备考的针对性与实用性。 课件亮点在于“真题解析+素养培养”双轨模式，如通过港珠澳大桥“cutting-edge”词义猜测题，示范语境分析法提升语言能力，借助袁隆平事迹阅读题培养文化意识与思维品质。设置“易错选项解析”“核心句型展示”模块，配合动手制作拱桥模型等实践活动，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可依此精准突破考点，助力学生中考高效冲刺。

英语 1 2 范畴二 人与社会 话题11 历史与社会 ［2025阅读D，沈阳7年4考］ 3 【教材单元链接】#1.1 人 教 七(下)Unit 3 交通工具 八(下)Unit 9 有趣的地方 八(下)Unit 10 家乡的变化 【教材单元链接】#1.1 外 研 七(上)Module 7 电脑 八(上)Module 4 交通方式 八(上)Module 9 人口 八(上)Module 11 生活方式 九(下)Module 3 社会变迁 【教材单元链接】#1.1 外 研 八(上)Unit 6 “草船借箭”的故事 九(上)Unit 1 史上智者 九(上)Unit 2 伟大思想 九(下)Unit 1 郑和下西洋 Passage 1［2025兰州改编］ 1.a symbol of ____________ 2.make miracles with great effort and wisdom _______________________ _______ 3.be known for ______________ ……的象征 凭借巨大的努力和智慧创 造奇迹 因……而著名 7 4.be raised to __________ 5.in use __________ 6.spread the weight __________ 7.lay out ____________ 在使用中 分散重量 陈列；摆开 被提升至 8 Every bridge is a symbol of the times. Most of them look similar, but there are great differences in the way they are built. Let's learn about bridges around the world. Cable-stayed bridge(斜拉桥) The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) is the longest sea-crossing bridge and a kind of cable-stayed bridge in the world. It was opened in 2018. The construction (建造) of the HZMB requires cutting-edge technology and careful planning. Its opening proves that humans are making miracles(奇迹) with great effort and wisdom. 9 Drawbridge London Tower Bridge has been standing over the River Thames since 1894. The bridge is known for its bascule(桥梁板), and this part can be raised to allow tall ships to pass through. From the top of the bridge, you could enjoy the beautiful views of the River Thames. 10 Arch(拱) bridge One of the oldest arch bridges is Zhaozhou Bridge in Hebei Province. It was built by Li Chun of the Sui Dynasty about 1,400 years ago. There are two small arches at each side of the big arch. Usually, the river runs through the big arch. When there is a flood, the river can also run through the four small ones. So today the bridge is still in use. 11 Arches play an important part in bridges. They are used for spreading the weight they are carrying out. Why not make your own model arch? You just need some paper and a pair of scissors. 12 Steps： ①Cut out one large shape and six small shapes. ②Lay out all of the paper pieces like this. Make sure the large piece will be put in the central place of this arch as it holds the whole arch together. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Try it, test it and make it better! 13 【主旨大意】文章主要介绍了三种不同类型的桥——斜拉桥、可开闭的吊 桥、拱桥，及各自的代表建筑，并鼓励读者动手制作拱桥模型。 1.What does the underlined word “cutting-edge” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. High. B. Low. C. Simple. D. Old. 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句句意“它的通车证明人类正通 过巨大的努力和智慧创造奇迹”可推知，cutting-edge在此处表示港珠澳大 桥的建设需要尖端的技术。“high高端的”与之意思相近。 √ 15 2.How long has London Tower Bridge been standing over the River Thames? A. Less than 7 years. B. Over 100 years. C. Less than 100 years. D. Over 1,400 years. 【解析】数字计算题。根据第三段第一句可知，伦敦塔桥自1894年起就矗 立在泰晤士河之上。通过与现在的年份计算可知，已超过100年。 √ 16 3. How does the writer end the text? A. By telling a story. B. By making a model arch. C. By listing numbers. D. By introducing some bridges. 【解析】写作手法题。根据第五段第三、四句及后面框内步骤图示可知， 答案应选B。 √ 17 4. What is the author's main purpose of writing this text? A. To advise readers to enjoy and visit. B. To tell readers the history of bridges. C. To show readers the views on bridges. D. To encourage readers to know and practise. √ 18 【解析】写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章通过介绍三种不同的桥梁类型 及制作拱形桥的方法，呼应最后一段“尝试它，测试它，然后让它变得更 好！”，号召读者动手实践制作桥梁。D项“以鼓励读者去了解并实践。” 为文章的写作意图。 19 Passage 2 1.sign up ______ 2.set off ______ 3.used to __________ 4.seasonal activity ____________ 报名 出发 过去常常 季节性活动 20 5.in stylish clothes ________________ 6.set up ______ 7.fall on ____________ 8.rising healthy eating awareness ________________________ 9.rooted in ____________ 穿着时髦的服装 摆放 归结于…… 日益增长的健康饮食意识 扎根于…… 21 One evening in March, Lily, a computer engineer in Shenzhen, saw an advertisement on her phone for a wild vegetable-picking trip. She signed up right away. The next Saturday morning, Lily and her friends carried small shovels (铲子) and baskets, then they set off on their adventure to Yangtai Mountain Forest Park. With knees on the ground, Lily carefully picked the leaves which are safe to eat. “I used to watch my grandma pick wild vegetables when I was a child, and back then, it was just fun. 22 Now, as an adult, I realize that it's a wonderful way to reconnect with nature,” she shared. Picking wild vegetables isn't new in China. Before, mainly old people did this seasonal activity. Now, young adults in stylish clothes search for plants among grass with small shovels. After a day of picking, they set up chairs and tables, make coffee, and enjoy the fresh spring air. On a Chinese social media app, there are over 30,000 posts about “best places to pick wild vegetables in Shenzhen”. After camping, hiking, and fishing, young people in Shenzhen have found a new hobby—wild vegetable picking. Why do young people like it? The reasons mainly fall on the rising healthy eating awareness and their willingness to connect with nature. Besides, posting about their trips online makes it a cool activity. What's more, picking wild vegetables is an activity deeply rooted in Chinese tradition. It shows an understanding of the natural world. By taking part in this activity, young people can experience its charm.#5 【主旨大意】文章主要以深圳的计算机工程师莉莉参加挖野菜之旅的经历 为例，介绍了如今挖野菜这一活动在深圳年轻人中变得流行的现象及其背 后的原因，包括健康饮食意识的提高、亲近自然的意愿、在网上分享旅行 的需求等。 25 1.What did Lily sign up for? A. A city adventure. B. Picking wild vegetables. C. A computer camp. D. Making an advertisement. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段可知，莉莉报名参加挖野菜活动。 √ 26 2.What benefit did the Saturday morning experience bring to Lily? A. Staying close to nature. B. Having fun with her grandma. C. Making many new friends. D. Learning skills in making baskets. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，挖野菜是一种亲近大自 然的方式。 √ 27 3.What can we infer(推断) from the number 30,000 in Paragraph 4? A. Posting on social media apps is easy. B. Picking wild vegetables are popular now. C. Shenzhen is the best place to pick vegetables. D. Young people have many choices of relaxation. 【解析】推理判断题。此处表示在中国的一个社交媒体上，有超过3万条 关于“深圳最适合挖野菜的地方”的帖子，结合后文提到的挖野菜成为深圳 年轻人的新爱好可推知，挖野菜现在很受欢迎。 √ 28 4. What is the purpose of the text? A. To list different types of wild vegetables. B. To share hobbies of different age groups. C. To stress that healthy eating is important. D. To show a traditional practice is popular again. 【解析】写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章围绕如今挖野菜这一活动在深 圳年轻人中变得流行的现象展开介绍。故文章的写作意图是D项“为了展 示一项传统习俗再度流行起来。” √ 29 Passage 3 1.with a long history __________ 2.be located in ____________ 3.catch one's breath ________ 历史悠久 坐落于…… 喘口气 30 4.protect…from… __________________ 5.serve as ______ 6.pass down ______ 保护……免受…… 充当 传承 In Jiangxi Province, roadside pavilions(路亭) are a unique part of its cultural heritage. With a long history, they've witnessed(见证) time and people's stories. These pavilions are often located in ancient roads, mountain paths, or near villages. They were built to . .1. . a resting place for travelers. In the past, when traveling on foot was . .2. ., the pavilions were like oases. Travelers could take a break, drink water, and catch their breath. 32 The pavilions come in different . .3. .. Some are made of simple bricks and wood, with a practical structure. They usually have a roof . .4. . by sturdy columns(坚固的柱子), protecting people from the sun and rain. Some roofs have unique lines. Many pavilions carry . .5. . value. There are inscriptions(题词) on the walls or columns, like poems, mottoes, or local event . .6. .. For example, some encourage kindness, while others tell local history. These inscriptions add a cultural taste and serve as education. The pavilions are also . .7. . of local folk culture. They're gathering places for villagers. On hot summer days, people chat, . .8. . news, and enjoy the cool wind. They've witnessed local customs . .9. . through generations. However, with modern transportation and lifestyle changes, some pavilions are facing challenges. Some need repair because of years of exposure(暴露). . .10. ., the local government and cultural lovers are trying to protect these precious heritages, as they're not just buildings, but a symbol of Jiangxi's long history and unique culture.#6 【主旨大意】文章主要介绍了江西省文化遗产路亭的建造地点、建造目的、 材质样式、文化价值等特点，及其目前所面临的问题。 1. A. provide B. give C. offer D. help 【解析】根据空后“a resting place for travelers”可知，修建路亭的目的 是为游人提供一个休息的地方。 2. A. unusual B. common C. special D. strange 【解析】根据常识可知，在过去，出行方式主要是步行，故步行很常见。 3. A. shapes B. sizes C. styles D. colors 【解析】根据空后的内容可知，此处介绍路亭的不同建造风格。 √ √ √ 36 4. A. supported B. improved C. caused D. doubted 【解析】根据空前的“roof”及空后的“by sturdy columns(坚固的柱子)”可 知，此处表示房顶被坚固的柱子支撑着。 5. A. classical B. cultural C. national D. physical 【解析】空后一句提到墙上或柱子上有很多题词，故推知此处表示路亭具 有文化价值。 6. A. meanings B. records C. rules D. habits 【解析】根据空前的“local event”可知，此处表示记录当地的事件。 √ √ √ 37 7. A. member B. period C. part D. pair 【解析】根据后文描述人们在亭子里的活动可知，此处表示这些亭子也是 当地民间文化的组成部分。 8. A. say B. talk C. share D. speak 【解析】根据空前的chat可推知，此处应为分享新闻。 √ √ 38 9. A. come out B. taken up C. looked back D. passed down 【解析】come out首次亮相，出版；taken up开始从事；looked back回 顾；passed down流传，传承。将各选项代入空中，只有D项可与空后的 “through generations”搭配，表示当地的风俗习惯被世代相传下去。 10. A. Sadly B. Luckily C. Obviously D. Suddenly 【解析】根据空前提到目前路亭遇到的问题，及空后政府和文化爱好者采 取措施进行保护可知，此处表示“幸运的是”。 √ √ 39 Passage 4［2025宿迁改编］ 1.think of sb. as ________________ 2.take part in ______ 3.make one's memory much better ________________________ 把某人当作…… 参加 使某人的记忆力大大增强 40 4.have a deep understanding of __________________ 5.fall from ______________ 6.be able to do sth. ____________ 7.throughout one's life ________________ 对……有深刻了解 从……掉下来 能够做某事 在某人的一生中 When it comes to Yuan Longping, we will think of him as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. In fact, he is also good 1. ___ reading, swimming and playing the violin. Yuan has 2. ___ reading habit—reading aloud. In the first year of high school, there was a speech competition. Yuan took part in the competition. He chose a topic, wrote his speech and read it aloud in the morning. After that, he 3. _______(find) reading aloud was a good method. It could make his memory much better and he could have a 4. _______(deep) understanding of articles than before. at a found deeper 42 Yuan is a good swimmer. When he was 8 years old, he and his family took a ship to Hunan. He fell from the ship. He 5. ___________(save) by a boatman. This made him learn 6. _________(swim)—he wanted to be able to save others just as the boatman had saved him. In a national swimming competition in Chengdu, Yuan finished the fourth in the race, while the top three entered China's national swimming team 7. ____________(successful). was saved to swim successfully Yuan is also a good music lover. He learned to play the violin from a music teacher at college. He said, “Music is the warmth that has accompanied (陪伴) 8. ____(I) throughout my life.” Yuan once said, “We should be good both in mind 9. _____ body.” Not only did he finish great 10. _______(thing), but he also had a unique soul(独特的灵魂). As middle school students, we should also find our own interests and life dreams like Yuan Longping.#1.5 me and things 【主旨大意】文章介绍了科学家——“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平在阅读、游泳和 音乐方面的爱好，展现了他除了对社会做出了许多杰出贡献外，还拥有独特 的灵魂。同时，号召广大中学生培养自己的兴趣，树立自己的终生理想。 45 1. ___【解析】be good at“擅长……”，为固定搭配。 2. ___【解析】此处是泛指，表示“一个阅读习惯”，且reading以辅音音素 开头，故填不定冠词a。 3. _______【解析】此处讲述过去发生的故事，故填find的过去式found。 4. _______【解析】空格后有than，此处应用形容词比较级。 at a found deeper 46 5. ___________【解析】根据句意可知，句子主语he与谓语动词save之间 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；此处讲述过去发生的事情，时 态应为一般过去时，且句子主语为第三人称单数，故填was saved。 6. _________【解析】learn to do sth.“学习做某事”，为固定搭配。 7. ____________【解析】空格前有动词entered,此处应用副词修饰动词。 故填successfully。 was saved to swim successfully 47 8. ____【解析】空格前有动词accompanied,此处应用I的宾格me作宾语。 9. _____【解析】both…and…“……和……都”，为固定搭配。 10. _______【解析】此处表示他做的伟大的事情不止一件，故应填things。 me and things 48 Passage 5 1.build water projects ______________ 2.It is said that… ____________ 3.by a river ________ 4.live in one's heart __________ 修建水利工程 据说……。 在河边 铭记于心 49 In 489 BC, Confucius visited Ye County(叶县) when he was 63 years old. Lord Ye, the local leader, asked 1. _____(he), “How to rule well?” Confucius replied, “Make those near happy, and those far will come.” This talk happened under mulberry trees(桑树) outside the city gate of Ye County. Lord Ye was wise. He built water projects to protect farms 2. ______ floods. Workers 3. _____(dig) 8-meter-wide channels that still work today. 4. _____ his most famous story is misunderstood. People say he loved dragons but feared real ones(Ye Gong Hao Long). him from dug But 50 The truth was, he painted dragons on walls 5. ________(plan) waterways, hoping dragons would bring rain. It is said that one day, 6. ___ visitor saw dragon paintings in Lord Ye's hall. He joked, “If real dragons came, would you run?” Lord Ye laughed, “I only want their power to help my people.” This shows he cared 7. ______ (much) about farming than fame(名声). to plan a more 8. __________(century) later, people found stone carvings(雕刻) in Ye County. One shows Lord Ye working with farmers by a river. Another shows Confucius teaching under a tree. These carvings 9. _____________(hide) in a temple wall for 2,000 years. Today, Ye County students learn these stories. They perform plays about Lord Ye's dragon paintings and Confucius' great wisdom. History isn't just old books—it 10. _______(real) lives in our hearts.#1.4 Centuries were hidden really 【主旨大意】文章主要讲述了孔子在公元前489年访问叶县时与叶公的对 话，以及叶公治水的智慧和关于“叶公好龙”典故的真实含义。 1. _____【解析】空前有动词asked，此处应用he的宾格作动词的宾语。 2. ______【解析】protect…from…“保护……免受……的伤害”，为固定 搭配。 3. _____【解析】此处讲述过去的事情，时态为一般过去时，故填dig的 过去式dug。 him from dug 54 4. _____【解析】空前讲述叶公治水的故事，空后讲他最著名的故事却被 误解了。空格前后构成转折关系，应用转折连词but连接。注意句首单词 首字母应大写。 5. ________【解析】句子不缺谓语动词，空处表示目的“为了计划水渠”， 故填不定式to plan。 But to plan 55 6. ___【解析】此处是泛指一个游人，应用不定冠词；且visitor以辅音 音素开头，此处故填a。 7. ______【解析】空后有比较级标志词than，此处应用much的比较级 形式。 8. __________【解析】此处应用名词复数表示“数个世纪以后”；且空处 位于句首，需注意首字母应大写。 a more Centuries 56 9. _____________【解析】句子主语These carvings与谓语动词hide之间 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；空后有“for 2,000 years”，时 态应为一般过去时，且主语为复数，故填were hidden。 10. _______【解析】空后有动词lives，此处应用副词修饰动词。 were hidden really 57 Passage 6 1.a historical site __________ 2.date back ______ 3.wooden carvings ______ 4.ancient life scenes ______________ 历史遗址 追溯 木雕 古代生活场景 58 5.study tours __________ 6.in short ______________ 7.a pile of ______ 8.remind sb. of sth. ______________ 研学旅行 总之；简言之 一堆 提醒某人某事 Located in Huanggu District of Shenyang, Xinle Ruins(新乐遗址) is an important historical site in Northeast China. It 1. _______________(discover) in the 1970s and dates back over 7,000 years. As one of the 2. ________(early) Neolithic(新石器时代的) cultural sites in Shenyang, it helps people learn more about ancient life.#1 The ruins show us how people 3. ______(live) long ago. Historians have found many artifacts(文物) here, such 4. ____ stone tools, pottery (陶瓷) and wooden carvings. Among them, the most famous one is a was discovered earliest lived as 60 wooden bird, which is kept very well. These objects tell stories of how ancient people hunted, farmed 5. _____ made tools. In order to protect these valuable relics(遗迹), a museum has been built at the site. Visitors can take a look at these real artifacts and models that show ancient life scenes 6. _______(close). At the same time, pictures and explanations here can also help people understand 7. ____ ancient history better. Every year, many study tours are held for students from all over the world so that they can learn about the early Chinese culture. and closely the In short, Xinle Ruins is not just a pile of old 8. _______(stone) but a living history book. It reminds 9. ____(we) of the wisdom of our ancient ancestors (祖先). If you are interested in history, don't miss this special place when you visit Shenyang. It's a great chance for us 10. ___________(connect) with the past.#1.3 stones us to connect 【主旨大意】文章主要介绍了沈阳新乐遗址的历史、考古发现、自然景观 等相关信息。如今政府建立博物馆对其进行保护，并建议人们前往参观。 1. _______________【解析】句子主语It与谓语动词discover之间存在逻辑 上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；空后时间状语为“in the 1970s”，时态为 一般过去时，且主语为第三人称单数，故填was discovered。 2. ________【解析】“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最…… 的……之一”，故填early的最高级形式。 3. ______【解析】空后有long ago，表示“很久以前”，时态为一般过去时， 故填live的过去式lived。 was discovered earliest lived 64 4. ____【解析】such as“例如”，为固定短语。 5. _____【解析】根据句意“这些物品讲述了古人狩猎、耕种以及制作工具 时的种种情景。”可知，空格前后的“hunted”“farmed”及“made tools”为 并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。 6. _______【解析】空前有动词look，此处应用副词修饰动词。 7. ____【解析】此处特指“古代时期”，应用定冠词the。 as and closely the 65 8. _______【解析】空前有a pile of“一堆，很多”，故此处应填stone的 复数形式。 9. ____【解析】空前有动词reminds，此处应用we的宾格形式作动词的 宾语。 10. ___________【解析】It's a great chance for sb. to do sth.表示 “对某人来说这是做某事的好机会。”，为固定句型。 stones us to connect 66 Passage 7 1.sing along to… ____________ 2.throw…away ____________ 3.in time ______ 跟着……唱 把……扔掉 及时 67 4.chat with ____________ 5.in no time ____________ 6.get warnings from __________________ 与……聊天 立即，马上 从……中得到警示 Remember books? The paper kind. With pages. In the old days before computers, to get information, people read books and newspapers. Students spent hours and hours in the library, looking for information in the old books for homework. Now students can find anything on the Internet in seconds. Everyone was quiet in the library. Sing along to music? Never! Watch a movie on phone while they are reading? Impossible! But now students can watch videos about their research topic as they write a report. 69 Before computers, articles were handwritten. If a student made a mistake, he would throw the paper away and start writing all over again. Now? If a student makes a mistake, he can just remove or cut it. Students type on their computers and edit(编辑) freely. But they should save their writing in time on the computer because it may stop working suddenly. Who wants to lose his hard work forever? Communication online is easy and fun. While students are writing, they can discuss with friends in another window. Did you think they were chatting with someone in the real same room? No! They're chatting with everyone in their own room.#4 Technology helps us get important information in no time. In areas where bad weather is a problem, we can get warnings from our phone. Our local radio or TV station can give information about where to get help or what to do to keep our family and home safe. Technology is our friend!#6 71 【主旨大意】文章主要讲述了在电脑出现前后，人们获取信息、写作和交 流方式的巨大变化。过去人们通过纸质书籍和报纸获取信息，现在学生能 瞬间在网上找到信息，技术能让我们及时获取重要信息，强调了技术给人 们带来的便利。 1.How did people get information in the old days before computers? _________________________________ They read books and newspapers. 2.If a student makes a mistake while writing on the computer, what can he do? _____________________________ He can just remove or cut it. 3.Why should students save their writing in time on the computer? _____________________________________ Because it may stop working suddenly. 73 4.What do you think of writing articles on the computer? Write 30 words or more. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ I think it is really convenient. First, it's convenient for me to correct a mistake. I can just delete it, remove it or cut it. Second, texts can be stored in my computer. Third, I can put a beautiful picture, a photo or a form among the text.(开放性设问，言之有理、言 之有物即可。) 74 $