第二部分 专题一 名词-【一战成名新中考】2026河北中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·精讲册优质PPT课件（讲册）

该初中英语中考复习课件系统梳理了名词专题核心考点，严格对接中考说明，分析出完形填空每年3～4道、短文填空每年1～3道的考查分布，重点突出名词的数（6年8考）和名词所有格两大命题点，归纳了单数变复数、词性转换等常考题型，体现中考备考的针对性和实用性。 课件亮点在于中考真题训练与应试技巧结合，如整合2024-2025年中考真题实例（如children→children），详细解析单数变复数规则（以y结尾词变法等）及易错点（man/woman作定语时需双变复数），培养学生的思维品质和语言能力。通过名词所有格构成表和短文填空专项训练，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可依此高效指导复习，助力学生中考冲刺。

英语 1 2 第二部分 课标语法精讲练 专题一 名 词 ［完形填空：每年3～4道; 短文填空：每年1～3道］ 3 4 5 知识必备 ▶名词的句法功能及其位置#1 句法功能 位置 例句 作主语 句首 English is my favorite subject. 作宾语 动词或介词后 She bought a new dress. He looks at the blackboard. 作表语 系动词后 Thomas Edison is a great inventor. 作定语 名词前 We are discussing the population problem. 6 句法功能 位置 例句 作同位语 名词(短语)或代词后 Mr. Wang, our English teacher, is very patient. 作宾语补足 语 名词(短语)或代词后 We consider this a success. 续表 7 ［短文填空:每年1~2道］ 可数名词及其单、复数［6年8考］ 定义： ①单数：可与不定冠词a，an连用；作主语时，谓语动词用单数形 式。 ②复数：表示≥2时用复数，其前不能加不定冠词；作主语时，谓语动词用 原形。#2 命题点1 名词的数 8 1. 单数变复数规则变化表#3 构成方法 举例 ①一般情况，加-s turn→turns［2025.45］ month→months［2025.47］ school→schools［2024.72］ color→colors［2023.76］ kind→kinds［2022.76］ step→steps［2020.75］ note→notes classmate→classmates prize→prizes orange→oranges ②以s, x, ch, sh 结尾的词，加-es match→matches［2021.77］ class→classes wish→wishes 特例： stomach→stomachs 9 构成方法 举例 ③以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i，再加-es 注意：以元音字母加y结尾的词，加-s country→countries story→stories city→cities monkey→monkeys key→keys toy→toys 续表 10 构成方法 举例 ④以字母f或fe结尾的词，变f或fe为v，再加-es leaf→leaves knife→knives 特例： roof→roofs belief→beliefs ⑤以o结尾的词，大部分加-s，少数加-es radio→radios photo→photos potato→potatoes hero→heroes tomato→tomatoes 续表 11 2. 单数变复数不规则变化表#4 构成方法 举例 ①改变元音字母 a变e: man→men woman→women 特例： human→humans oo变ee: tooth→teeth foot→feet 特例： boot→boots ②单复数同形 sheep→sheep deer→deer ③其他特殊形式 mouse→mice child→children［2024.76］ 12 构成方法 举例 ④表示“某国人” 中日永不变：Chinese; Japanese 英法a 变e：Englishman→Englishmen Frenchman→Frenchmen 其余词尾加-s：Asian→Asians American→Americans Australian→Australians German→Germans Italian→Italians Russian→Russians 续表 13 1.几种特殊复数形式的名词： (1)常以复数形式出现的名词。如： chopsticks筷子 clothes衣服 shorts短裤 trousers裤子 glasses眼镜 scissors剪刀 (2)有些以-s结尾的名词并不是复数。如： news新闻 maths数学 physics物理 politics政治 (3)有些复数形式的名词表示特别的意义。如： manners礼貌 goods商品 arms武器 times倍数；次数 14 2. 名词作定语时，其单复数的变化情况如下： (1)当man或woman作定语变复数时，需将man或woman及其所修饰的名词 同时变为复数。如： a man doctor→men doctors a woman teacher→women teachers (2)当其他名词作定语变复数时，只需把其后被修饰的名词变为复数。如： a girl student→girl students a birthday gift→birthday gifts 15 不可数名词 定义：不能用具体数字修饰的名词，主要为物质名词和抽象名词,一般 没有复数形式。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 中考常见的不可数名词:#1.1 类别 举例 物质 名词 饮食 milk牛奶 water水 soup汤 tea茶 juice果汁 coffee咖啡 food食物 bread面包 butter黄油 cheese奶酪 beef牛肉 meat肉 rice米饭 salt盐 sugar糖 16 类别 举例 物质 名词 材料 cotton棉；棉花 gold金子；金币 plastic塑料；塑胶 silk丝绸；丝织物 自然 物体 air空气 ice冰 fire火 grass草；草地 sand沙子 soil土壤 weather天气 rain雨 snow雪 wind风 light光；光线；光亮 temperature温度；气温；体温 续表 17 类别 举例 抽象 名词 概念 action 行动 advice 劝告;建议 attention 注意力 environment环境 help帮助 homework家庭作业 information信息；消息 luck幸运；运气 knowledge知识；学问 peace和平 space太空；空间 trouble问题；苦恼 学科 art美术 biology生物学 chemistry化学 geography地理 情感 friendship友谊 fun开心；娱乐 joy欢乐；乐趣 love爱 续表 18 注意： 一些名词既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，且含义不同。 具体如下： 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子 橙汁 experience 经历 经验 paper 试卷，论文 纸 exercise 练习 锻炼 radio 收音机 无线电 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房间 空间 life 生命 生活 time 次数，倍数 时间 light 电灯 光，光线 work 作品 工作 19 1. 只修饰可数名词的修饰语： a/an一个 every/each每个 this/these这个/这些 that/those那个/那些 another再一 several几个 few很少，几乎没有 a few一些；几个 many (a) 很多 different 不同的 a pair of 一对；一双 a couple of 两个；几个 a (great/large) number of许多 20 2. 只修饰不可数名词的修饰语： little 很少，几乎没有 a little一点儿，少量 much很多 a bit of一点儿 a good/great deal of很多 a large amount of大量的 3. 既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语： some一些 any一些；任何的 most大多数的 no没有 enough足够的 plenty of充足的 a lot of/lots of很多 the rest of剩下的 21 Ⅰ.适当形式填空 1.Dangerous things like _______(knife) and medicine should be kept out of children's reach. 2.Everyone should pay attention to the food we eat, or our __________ (stomach) will feel uncomfortable. 3.As we all know, Qi Jiguang is one of the greatest national _______ (hero) in China. We'll remember him forever. knives stomachs heroes 22 4.The health website provides a lot of useful _______(advice) for teenagers. 5.To be honest, I searched some useful ____________(information) about this topic on DeepSeek. 6.The doctor advised my father to take more ________(exercise) and give up smoking. 7.Summer is the best time to visit Xinjiang. The weather is sunny, and there are lots of cows and _______(sheep) on the green grassland. 8.[2025扬州]Lots of people learn about Yangzhou through classical _______(poem). advice information exercise sheep poems 23 9.[2025苏州]The Shenzhou-20 ___________(astronaut) are studying how living things survive in space. 10.[2025云南]Nowadays, thousands of foreign ________(visitor)come to China on vacation. 11.[2025苏州]As you grow up, you'll find that many of your __________ (problem) are just a piece of cake. astronauts visitors problems 12.[2025成都]Because of the archaeological(考古的) efforts over recent years, a lot of _____________(achievement) have been made in the study of China's history. achievements 24 13.[2024南京]Dunhuang caves house about 45,000 square _______ (meter) of wall paintings and over 3,000 painted sculptures. 14.[2024黑龙江]Last winter holiday, we met some __________(German) in Harbin. They liked Harbin so much. 15.[2023上海]Michael has a habit of exercising for about 30 _________ (minute) every day. 16.[2023南京]My teachers provide many ___________(suggestion) for interesting reading materials. meters Germans minutes suggestions 25 17.[2022南京]In Nanjing, it is common to see senior ________(citizen) playing chess in the sun or enjoying a radio show in the park. 18.To develop the writing skills, you can try to keep English _______ (diary) every day as a habit. 19.Reading books every day can bring many ________(benefit), such as improving your knowledge and helping you relax. 20.Students who take part in the “Green Shijiazhuang” poster competition have a chance to win eco-friendly _______(prize). citizens diaries benefits prizes 26 Ⅱ.短文填空 Last Wednesday, our school held a Fire Safety Day to draw our 1. _________(attention) to fire safety. First, 2. ___ fireman gave us a speech about fire safety. He showed us some real-life fire examples through pictures and 3. _______(video), which made us realize how dangerous fires can be. Then he told us how to prevent fires in daily life and what to do if a fire broke out. For example, we should cover our 4. ________ (mouth) and noses with wet towels(毛巾) and quickly run to the safe area. After that, he showed us how to use a fire extinguisher(灭火器) when there was a small fire. From these 5. _________(activity) I've learned a lot and realized the importance of fire safety. attention a videos mouths activities 27 专题一 名 词 命题点2 名词所有格 28 定义： 表示所属关系。其构成情况如下表所示：#1 类别 构成方法 举例 单数名词 加's Mike's basketball your group's ideas the actress's name 复数名词 以-s结尾，加' the teachers' office 不以-s结尾，加's Children's Day 29 类别 构成方法 举例 用and连接两 个并列的单 数名词 表示共同拥有，在最后 一个名词后加's Tony and Jimmy's father 表示各自拥有，在两个 名词后分别加's Mike's and John's desks of所有格 表示无生命名词的所属 关系，用“名词+of+名 词”表达 the door of the room 续表 30 类别 构成方法 举例 双重所有格 of+'s所有格 a friend of my father's of+名词性物主代词 a book of mine 注意： 以-s结尾的人名的所有格的构成是在其后加'或's，如：James'或 James's。#1.2 续表 31 【适当形式填空】 1.How time flies! I still can't forget the two _________(month) winter holiday. 2.Look at _________________(Tom and Jerry) bedroom! Their room is small but tidy. 3.This Sunday a friend of ______(I) will visit me. We are going to see a film. months' Tom and Jerry's mine 32 4.The taxi driver found a foreign ________(visitor) passport and returned it to him at once. visitor's 5.—Is this a photo of your _________(cousin)? —Yes. He is reading. It is really a good habit of his to read books before going to bed. cousin's 33 $