高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 33 比较等级 清单-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统梳理了比较等级核心语法点，涵盖原级与比较级的语境差异、特殊比较结构（如none other than）、than从句省略现象、less与fewer的用法辨析等关键内容，构建了从基础规则到复杂句式的完整知识体系。 清单以“问题-解答-例句”形式呈现，结合高考常见情境（如课本原句分析），标注易错点（如compared with后用原级），培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计对比表格（如no more than与not more than语义差异）和应用提示（如the+比较级表强调），助力学生自主梳理知识，教师可直接用于语法专题复习，提升备考效率。

高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 33 比较等级 1 有关比较的一些问题 有一些读者来信问到几个有关比较的问题，现让我们一一讨论如下。 问一：高中英语课本上有这样一句话： (1)Molecules are so small that they are invisible under the most powerful microscopes, but they are huge compared with atoms. 请问这里为什么用原级 huge 而不用比较级 huger? 如用 compared with,其前一般须用原级 huge；如用 than，其前则须用比较级 huger。但二者的含义不同。 compared with 是比较两者的异同，不表程度上的差别。上述句中的 huge compared with atoms 的意思是说两者（分子与原子）大小不同（即分子大，原子小）。如用 huger than atoms,其义就不是一大一小，而是说分子在程度上是大于原子的。 compared with 表两者异同的用法在下面一些句子中更为明显： (2)This time, the troupe brought to China about 60 dancers, compared with the 90 in 1956. (3)Beijing can now dial direct as many as 130 cities around the country, compared to only 30 last year. （compared to 在此与 compared with 同义） (4)Now they （American visitors）make up 19.5 per cent of all the foreign tourists in China, compared to 17.1 per cent last year. 再请看下面一句： (5)Although Chinese farmers are leading a much better life now, the amount of money rural young men have to spend to get married is still too much compared with their present living standards and very often far more than is necessary. 这个句子里既有 compared with 强调两者（结婚费用与现有生活水平）的不相同或不相称，又有 far more than 表示两者（结婚费用与实际需要）在程度上的差别。 有时也可以用表示程度差别的 than 结构回答含有 compared with 的问题，如一位当代英国语法家所引证的： (6)— How old is Mary compared with Jane? — Mary is older than Jane. 顺便提及，和 compared with 一样，副词 comparatively一般亦须与原级连用，不可与比较级连用，如： (7)I am comparatively tired. (8)A marriage in their comparatively rich home town calls for a furnished two-storey home with a colour TV and refrigerator. 问二：有这样一道填空题： (9)It was _________other than Xiao Wang. 请问只能填 none 而不能填 no 吗？ 填 none 或 no 都可以，虽然 none 似乎要比 no 普通一些。从语法上看，none other than 中的 none 是不定代词，用作表语，other than = but。 no other than 中的不定代词 no 是定语，修饰用作表语的 other, than 是连词。从意义上讲，二者没有什么不同，但有人说 no other than 的语气似乎更强一些。也有人说 none other 可独立使用， no other 则不可。实际上，二者都是可以单独使用的，请看下面二例： (10)— It't none other than Tom! We thought you were in Africa! Can it really be you? — None other! （摘自《朗文当代英语词典》） (11)— Mr. Clennam? — No other , Mr. Casby. （摘自狄更斯著的 Little Dorrit） 问三：请问这句话是什么意思？ (12)We couldn't have had worse weather. 它的意思是：我们遇到的天气再坏不过了。形容词或副词的比较级与虚拟式 could 的否定式连用时，可有“不可能更……”或“再……不过”的意思。这种用法很普通，再如： (13)We couldn't agree more. (14)This could give me no greater pleasure. (15)She couldn't care less. (16)You couldn't have done better. (17)— Things aren't going too well, are they? — They couldn't be worse. 问四：为什么说下面一句话中有错误： (18)Traditionally the president of the United States is a civilian； so it is all the remarkable that General Eisenhower should have achieved an overwhelming majority in the election. 这句话的错误在于 all the 之后没有 more。“all the + 形容词比较级”在英语里是一种常见的结构，副词 all 在此为加强语势而用，可译为“更加”。定冠词 the 在此亦相当于副词，有“因此”的含义（其原因往往暗含在句中）。上述全句的大意是：美国总统传统上都是平民，所以艾森豪威尔将军在大选中竟然获得压倒多数票，就更加引人注目。再如： (19)If he will help us, all the better . （原因暗含在if从句中） (20)A long delayed home letter is all the more welcome .（原因暗含在 long delayed 之中） 上述“the + 比较级”之前除可用 all 外，还可用 so much, none, any 等，如： (21)If he doesn't work, so much the worse . (22)— I've tried to explain to you. — Well, I'm none the wiser . (23)— He's very honest. — That doesn't make him any the nicer . 有时可用 for 短语或 because 从句把原因表出来，如： (24)He got wet through in the rain yesterday but isn't any the worse for it. (25)My stepmother detests me with a hatred so much the more because it is veiled beneath a continual smile. “the + 比较级”结构之前当然也可以不用 all， none, so much, any 等词语，如： (26)It seemed nice to think that she was waiting for the spring. She felt the younger for it. (27)— Can you come and dine with me? — I really must ask you to excuse me. My first visit is due to my father, though I am not the less grateful for the honor you have done me. 请注意下面一句中的“the + more + 名词”结构： (28)— Tell it to me. — It would frighten you too much. — So much the more reason . 上面谈的大都是“the + 形容词比较级”结构。除了形容词外，副词亦可用于这种结构，例如： (29)With these words Mr. Bardell clung the tighter . （the + 副词 tighter） 2 You got better何意？ 有一读者问： 有这样一段对话： “What are you paying?” “Seven dollars. And work till dark.” “Seven. That ain't much for back work.” “Some might even bite at it.” “It's worth eight or nine.” “You got better, take it. People feed families all week on seven dollar.” “Seven-fifty.” “Seven.” “All right, what the hell's the difference?” “Get up the wagon.” You got better在此何意？ 这句话与下文有关。下文说People feed families all week on seven dollar，所以You got better的含义是：你还不错，是个单身汉，用不着养家糊口。顺便提一下，上述对话都是很口语化的美国英语，有的也不规范，如seven dollar （应是seven dollars）。 3 这里应用什么比较级？ 有一读者问： 有这样两道选择题： (1)Lesson One is_________than Lesson Two. A. easier B. easiest C. most easy D. more easy (2)His sister speaks English_________than he does. A. clearer B. clearlier C. clearist D. more clearly 我们老师说题 （1）的答案是A，而我认为是D；题 （2）的答案是D，而我认为是B。 你的老师是对的。但当代英语确有一种比较等级多用more与most的趋势。按此趋势，句（1）填more easy似乎也不算错，但此种趋势尚未变成语法规则，故不宜用。句（2）则必须用D，B不合语法规则：以后缀-ly结尾的副词的比较等级应用more和most。 4 less 与 fewer 的区别 有一读者问：我们的老师说在 He earns less than two pounds an hour 一句中， less 不可代之以 fewer，这是为什么？ less 与 fewer 有何区别？ less 是 little 的比较级，本只能用于不可数名词，不可用于可数名词，可数名词之前应用 few 的比较级 fewer。但在当代英语中，人们不但在不可数名词之前，而且在可数名词之前，也都常用 less,尽管有人主张用 fewer。如： (1)You've made less mistakes than last time. (2)I've made less friends this year than ever before. 可数名词之前用 no less than 的情况则更为普通，如： (3)No less than fifty people were killed in that accident. (4)He was followed by no less than three persons. 数字如不强调其一一可数，而只表示度量，则须用 less than，因为度量可以是一不可数的抽象概念。你所举的句子中的 less than two pounds 就属于这种情况，再如 less than two tons of coal, less than a million dollars 等。表一段时间与距离也常用 less than, 如 in less than three weeks, less than five miles to go。 可数名词前数字的可数性如较明显，无抽象的度量概念，用 fewer 或 less 均可，如： (5)Less （或 Fewer ）than 20，000 votes were recorded yesterday. 5 如何解释这里的more than？ 有一读者问：高中英语第三册有这样两句话： (1)You wanted justice; so you shall get justice—more than you wanted. (2)Give me three times more than Antonio borrowed from me. 请讲一下这里的more than的功能和用法。 上述句（1）与句（2）中的more都是代词。句（1）的more=more justice，句（2）的more=more money.两句中的than之后皆可看作省去了what。但两句中的more than的意思并不相同。句（1）中的more than的本义是“超过，不止”，表强调，如： (3)He was more than willing to help. （more than在此相当于extremely） (4)She is more than pretty. She is beautiful. 但上述句（1）中的more than已转义为否定，其义是“不是，并非”。再如： (5)The noise was more than I could bear. 句（2）中的more than的意思仅仅是“多于”，再如： (6)—Are there a lot of people? —There are more than we expected. 这里似乎值得提一下，three times more than会有歧义：或等于……的3倍，或等于……的4倍（即1倍加3倍）。但在当代英语中，则一般皆认为等于……的3倍。最好的表现法是：说“等于……的3倍”用three times as much（或many）as。说“等于……的4倍”用four times as much（或many）as。 6 关于It is more important that...than that... 有一读者问： 有这么一道选择题： (1)It is more important that she should be free_________she should live a luxurious life. A. than B. that C. more than D. than that 答案为D，A不是也成立吗？ 在规范英语中，此题的答案应是D。为什么呢？ 这应从语法角度来看。语法上，这里的第二个that从句和第一个that从句一样，也是一个主语从句，但又和第一个that从句有所不同：其后省去了is。此句亦可改作： (2)That she should be free is more important than that she should live a luxurious life. 与上述句（1）相同或相似的结构在英语里并不罕见，再如： (3)It is better that ten criminals should escape than that one innocent man should be hanged. (4)Nothing could be more disagreeable to me than that I should have to do that. （that I should have to do that之后省去了would be） 也有人将用作主语的that从句中的that省去，但这是不规范的英语。 7 关于most=非常 有一读者问： 有一道选择题： (1)It is_________for anyone to choose good friends. A. the most important B. most important 答案是B，为什么不能选A? 选B是因为most important=very important（非常重要），正合题意。A不合题意，因为它意味着“最重要的”，意义不完整，后须有thing。“most（非常）+形容词”不乏其例，再如： (2)He was most kind to me. (3)She is a most beautiful woman. (4)They are most useful books. 请注意most作“非常”解时，其前不可加the。但不加the的most则不一定皆意为“非常”，如： (5)She is most beautiful.（实际上most之前省去了the，全句意味着She is the most beautiful woman） 8 more than与less than 有一读者问：如何理解和运用no more than, not more than, no more...than, not more...than, no less than, not less than, no less...than, not less...than等词组。 no more than的意思是“只不过，仅仅”，not more than的意思是“不超过，不到”。前者有“较少”的含义，后者没有“较少”的含义，试比较： (1)It's no more than six inches long.它仅有6英寸长。 (2)It's not more than six inches long.它最多不过6英寸长。 但no more than有时则等于not any more than,如： (3)He was no more than skin and bone. no more...than的意思是“与……同样不”，等于not any more than; not more...than的意思是“不比……更，不像……那样”，试比较： (4)I am no more mad than you. 我和你一样不疯。 (5)I am not more mad than you. 我不像你那样疯。 no less than的意思是“不亚于，与……同样地”，not less than的意思是“至少，有过之无不及”，试比较： (6)There were no less than a thousand people at the meeting. 到会的有1,000人之多。 (7)There were not less than a thousand people at the meeting. 到会的至少有1,000人。 no less...than的意思和no less than相仿，如： (8)She is no less beautiful than her sister. 她和她的姐姐一样美丽。 not less...than的意思和no less than相仿，如： (9)He is not less rich than you are. 他至少和你一样富有。 9 关于no more （或 longer）与 not any more （或 longer） 有一读者问：我看到有的文章写道：“not...any longer≠not ...any more”。但有的文章又写道：“not ...any longer = not ...any more = no longer= no more”。 这是为什么？ 在很多情况下，上述4种说法是同一个意思（皆意谓“不再”），而且可以互换使用，如可任用下面4例中的一例： (1)I see him no more . (2)I see him no longer . (3)I do not see him any more . (4)I do not see him any longer . 但这并不意味着它们之间完全一样，毫无区别。实际上它们还是有区别的。 比如说，例 （1）、（2）中的 no more 与 no longer 就比较正式，而例 （3）（4）中的 not any more 与not any longer 则比较口语化。此外， no more 与 not any more 较常用以表将来，如： (5)I will go there no more . （表将来不再） (6)I won't go there any more . 当然也可表过去的将来，如： (7)Since then I could write no more . no longer 与 not any longer 则较常用以表现在或过去，如： (8)I go there no longer . （表现在不再） (9)I do not go there any longer . 亦常用以表过去，如： (10)The shore was no longer in sight. 但请注意并非在任何情况下，上述4种说法都可互换使用。比如在下面的句型中则只能用 no more ...than 或 not any more...than （用以否定两者），不可用 no longer 和 not any longer 代替 no more 和 not any more: (11)A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鲸之非鱼正如马之非鱼。（即鲸与马皆非鱼） (12)You can't help being what you are any more than I can help being what I am. 你之无法不是你本人正如我之无法不是我本人一样。（即你我皆无法不是本人） 再如下面一例中的 no more（= dead ）当然也不可代之以not any more, no longer, not any longer. (13)He is no more . 下面对话中也只能用 no more （= neither）: (14)— He doesn't smoke. — No more do I. 上述句中的 more 皆用作副词。当它用作名词时， no more 与 not any more 自然更不可与 no longer 或 not any longer 互换，如： (15)I want no more . (16)I don't want any more . 10 关于not the least 有一读者问： 有这样一道选择题： (1)I am sorry but what he thinks is not of_________importance. A. least B. lowest C. last D. worst 所给答案为A，但本人认为应选C，我的看法对吗？ 所给答案是正确的。当least用于否定结构时，中国学生对not the least表示“一点也没有或一点也不”的用法似乎是比较熟悉的，或是比较容易理解的，实例如： (2)The subject has not the least interest for him. (3)You useless fool. You can't handle the least little job. 但中国学生对not the least表示强调意指“最大”的用法就不大理解不太熟悉了。 其实not the least这种用法在英语里还是比较常见的，实例如： (4)They were divided by too many things. Not the least was the difference in their ages. (5)Not the least of its strengths is its car-like comfort. （it指the pick-up） (6)He was fluent in several languages, not the least of which was Spanish. （这里的not the least of which=最精通的语言） 用以表示强调的in the least常省去定冠词the，上述句（1）即是一例。该句的意思是：我很抱歉，但他的想法却是很重要的。再如： (7)The trade has been bad, not least because of the increased cost of rubber. （not least在此可译作“主要是”） (8)Not least among the matters pleasing him was that his frequency of urination seemed definitely less. （not least among the matters pleasing him的意思是：使他最高兴的事） not least也常意为“尤其是”，实例如： (9)America naturally has an enormous influence on Canada, not least in language. (10)This comparative immunity （of the battle-tank to a variety of weapons）is now being seriously eroded in several ways, not least through the advent of the guided missile and other new advices. 试与下一否定句中的least of all比较： (11)Nobody believed her, least of all the police. （least of all the police可译作“尤其是警方”） 顺便提之，英语常说的last but not least中的not least, 也属于上述情况。 11 no longer与no more不尽相同 有一读者问： 有这样一道选择题： After the accident he could_________walk. A. no longer B. not still C. not even D. no more 一本书的答案是A，另一本书的答案是D。究竟应选哪一个？二者有何区别？ 此处应选A。在当代英语中一般不说could no more walk，只可说could walk no more。 12 副词much可修饰比较级和最高级 有一读者问： 有一道选择题： (1)The book is_________on the subject. A. much the best B. very the best C. the much best D. very much best 为什么要选A? 因为much一词可用作副词修饰比较级和最高级，如： (2)This book is much better than that one.（much修饰比较级better） (3)Of the three boys Nick is much the cleverest .（much修饰最高级the cleverest） 13 quite 可修饰 as...as 有一读者问： 有这样一道选择题： (1)Her second husband was quite_________her first. A. too rich to B. rich enough to C. as rich as D. richer than 有人认为应选B， 有人则认为应选 D。请问你们的意见呢？ 选B 和选D 都不对。选B之所以不对是因为 quite rich enough to 后须接一动词原形，不可后接名词词组 her first (husband)。 选D之所以不对是因为 quite一般不用以修饰比较级。那么应选什么呢？应选 C。 副词 quite 常可用以修饰 as...as 结构，再如： (2)It is quite as good as he hoped. (3)She hasn't been quite as unlucky as she pretends. 14 关于“quite+比较级” 有一读者问： 你曾说“quite不可用以修饰比较级”，但我却在一本小说中见到这样的句子： He's quite better now. 这又做何解释呢？ 有这样的说法（再如英国作家Graham Greene所著的Comedians 即有此用法）。但一般似乎较为少见，请参见《牛津现代英语学习词典》的fairly条，以及英人Swan所著的Practical English Usage 。 15 关于“the+比较级” 有一读者问： 如何解释下面一句中的the poorer: (1)The world is the poorer because of the loss of... 为了理解和使用the poorer （“the+比较级”）一类的说法，应记住两点： 一是the在此不是定冠词，而是副词，相当于that，意为“更加”，用以修饰比较级；二是这种结构一般皆须与明表或暗表原因的词语（多为状语）连用，如上述句（1）中的because of the loss of...现再举一些常见的句子为例： 明确表出原因，如： (2)His unkindness hurt me all the more because I had been previously so kind to him . （because从句表原因，“the+比较级”之前用all, so much等） (3)I walked around for two hours and I felt none the worse for it . （for it表原因，“the+比较级”之前也常用none, any等） 暗含原因，如： (4)If he will come, all the better . （原因暗含在if从句中） 16 为何选the more patient? 有一读者问： 有一道题： (1)Of the two teachers the lady in green is _____. A. more patient B. the more patient 答案是B，为什么？ 因为the more patient=the more patient one。再如： (2)He is the taller of the two. (3)William Pitt the elder was a politician like his son. 有时则用one，如： (4)Here are two apples: you may take the bigger one. the more亦可用于副词，如： (5)Of the two boys John behaves the more politely . 17 would rather...than之后可省去that吗？ 有读者问： 在某读物中有这样一句话： (1)I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell one lie. 请问句中than后的that可以不要吗？ 我们知道，would rather之后的宾语从句是不用连词that引导的，如： (2)I'd rather you didn't talk about this to anyone. (3)He says he'd rather you went home now. 但当would rather...than或would...rather than后接宾语从句时，宾语从句则可为连词that所引导。除上面的例（1）外，再如： (4)I'd have done anything rather than that you should know . 但例（1）与例（4）中的that皆可省去，而且不用that的情况似乎要多些，如： (5)She would rather die than Zora should know. (6)Dear Fanny, let me say first, that I would far rather we worked for a scanty living again, than I would see you rich and married to Mr.Sparkler. 例（6）系摘自19世纪英国小说家狄更斯著的《小多利特》（Little Dorrit ），可见上述结构中than后省去that的现象并非始于当代，而是早已有之了。 18 than之后省去了什么？ 曾有人提出这样一个问题： 在英语比较结构中，than后省去动词是可以理解的（如John is taller than Tom中，than Tom=than Tom is）；省去主语和谓语动词也是可以理解的（如Tom works harder than before中，than before=than he did before）。但在Lei Feng always did more work than was required of him这一句中，than之后省去了什么呢？ 再看下面的句子： (1)Don't eat more than is good for you, my boy. (2)The word “numberless” means “more than can be counted.” (3)The question is more complicated than appears on the surface. (4)There is more to it than meets the eye. 在这些句子中，都有一个如何看待than以及than之后是否省去了什么的问题。 关于than结构问题，比较复杂，不可能在此作全面的讨论。但单就上述句子中的than而言， 问题也不简单，英语语法学家们意见也不一致。有的语法学家认为than在此是关系代词；有的语法学家认为是连词，后面省去了主语what。我们比较倾向于后一种看法，理由至少有三 ：1. 这样分析，比较简单实用，容易为中国学生所接受。2. 实际上英国也有不省去主语what的情况。当然这是俗语，不能登大雅之堂。3. than和连词as在句子中所起的作用有很多相似之处，而as之后也常常有省去主语what的情况，如： (5)I eat just as much as is good for me. (6)To this question the answer is as follows. 当然，也有than之后省去宾语what的情况。如： (7)I won't say more than I know. 19 这里可省去other吗？ 有一读者问： (1)He is taller than any other boy in his class. 在这一句中，要是掉了other，就被认为不对，可是也有一些不用other的句子，如： (2)Tom is cleverer than any of the students in his class. (3)It's bigger than anything anyone can imagine. 该如何解释？ 上面举的四个例句都是正确无误的英语。例（1）中any之后应有other，这是许多语法家们的看法，我们也认为这是比较规范的英语，在我国一般英语教学中尤应遵照之。但同时也应注意到any后省去other的情况并不罕见，如： (4)London is more densely populated than any city in the world. (5)The winter was colder than any he had experienced. 例（2）一般并不认为是错误的，这是因为any在此=all，全句=Tom is the cleverest student in his class.。 20 than any other cities似乎不是规范英语 有一读者问： (1)She is more beautiful than any other girl in her class. (2)Nanjing is more populous than any other cities in Jiangsu. 为什么第一句用单数any other girl，第二句用复数any other cities? 我们认为上述句（1）中的any other girl（单形）是规范英语。句（2）中的any other cities（复形）尽管有人这样用，但似乎不甚规范。 21 如何分析than should be the case？ 有一读者问： 有这样一句话： (1)This enables the British authorities to issue fewer “poor air quality” warnings than should be the case. 句中的than should be the case是什么结构？ the case何意？ than可视作关系代词；亦可视为连词，其后省去了主语what（这样分析对初学者也许易于接受）。the case意为“实际情况”或“事实真相”，实例再如： (2)That is the case . (3)That is not the case . 22 than之后可不用that 有一读者问： 有这样一句话： Why is the weather in Wales wetter than in any other part of Britain? 这里than之后是否应加上that? 这里不加that也是正确英语。 23 (the)best可与(the)most通用 有一读者问： 有一道选择题： (1)Among them I like this kind of food_________for it is_________sugar and water. A. best; mostly B. most; mostly 答案为A，B为何不可选？ 答案似乎有点绝对化。like（喜欢）的确常与（the）best连用，如： (2)I like it (the)best . 但有时亦可与(the)most连用，如： (3)I liked him the most .（见英国出版的Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary 中的most条） 再如动词enjoy，也是既可与best连用，如： (4)I enjoyed his first novel best of all . 亦可与most连用，如： (5)The kids loved the fair, but they enjoyed the bumper cars most of all . 但副词(the)best似乎仍有“最佳”的含义，故常与like, love, enjoy, know等动词连用。而动词如fear, worry, trouble等，由于使人感到不愉快，故而多不与best而多与most连用，如： (6)What he most feared was being left alone. (7)This is the thing that worries me most of all . (8)This troubles me the most . 24 The most important is...之对与错 有一读者问：《英语沙龙》某期“英语诊所”举有这样一句错话： (1)The most important is that you try your best. 应改为： (2)The most important thing is that you try your most. 而在另一期则有这样一句话： (3)The most important is Beowulf, a long epic of 3,182 lines. 我想请教这句话是否也是错句？ 当the most important意为the most important one时，one是可以省去的。上述句（3）即属于这种情况，所以是正确的。顺便说一下，这里省去的one=a piece of poetry。上述句（1）中的the most important其后并不是省去了one，而是漏掉了thing,所以是错误的。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $