高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 19 动词时态清单-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

2025-12-06
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资源信息

学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 时态
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 43 KB
发布时间 2025-12-06
更新时间 2025-12-08
作者 匿名
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-12-06
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/55299752.html
价格 0.50储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该高中英语核心语法点汇编之动词时态专题知识清单,系统梳理了时态从属(时态一致)的核心规则,涵盖主句不同时态(现在、将来、过去时等)与从句各类时态(过去时、现在时、完成时等)的搭配逻辑,以及时态特殊用法、易混点辨析、从句时态应用等关键范畴。 清单采用“主句-从句时态搭配实例库”呈现知识体系,通过40余条例句解析时态从属规律(如主句现在时搭配从句过去时表特定时间关系),标注高考高频易错点(如“have been”与“have gone”的重复动作用法差异),培养学生语言能力和思维品质。特设“时态对比模块”(如现在完成时与一般过去时在间接引语中的替换条件),附真题关联提示,帮助学生精准突破难点,教师可据此设计针对性复习活动,提升备考效率。

内容正文:

高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 19 动词时态 1 谈谈时态的从属 时态的从属(tense-subordination),或时态的序列,或时态的一致,或时态的呼应,其实都是一个意思,即从句中所用的时态取决于主句中所用的时态。关于这个问题,一般语法书只讲主句时态为过去一般时的一些用法,如: (1)He told me he was unwell. (主句时态所表示的时间与从句时态相同) (2)She said she had finished her work. (从句时态的动作先于主句时态) (3)They said they would come. (从句时态的动作后于主句时态) 实际上,时态从属的内容是很丰富的,远远不止这些。譬如: (4)The right to rule is derived from those who gave it. 在这个句子中,主句的时态并不是过去一般时,而是现在一般时。从句中的过去一般时gave 显然从属于主句中的is derived。过去一般时从属于现在一般时的情况并不罕见,再如: (5)“Ensue” implies that what follows comes as a logical consequence of what preceded. (过去一般时preceded从属于现在一般时comes) (6)In that country, a man is often accused of something which he did not do. (过去一般时did not do从属于现在一般时is accused) (7)When the ball goes out of bounds, the referee decides which player touched last. (过去一般时touched从属于现在一般时decides) 过去一般时也可以从属于将来一般时,如: (8)As soon as you get it, mail it to me here. I'll be on the lookout, so Tom will never know it came. (过去一般时came从属于将来一般时will know。从“现在”角度看,过去一般时came在此表“将来”) (9)In the years to come it will be a great thing for people to say that I died like a hero. (过去一般时died从属于to say,但to say在此表将来,故died仍从属于将来时态) (10)Be sure to let me know you arrived safely. (过去一般时arrived亦从属于表将来的不定式) 上述三例中的过去一般时,从“现在”的角度来看,皆表“将来”,但也有表其他时间的情况,如: (11)Well, I hope it will turn out all right. Only don't say I didn't warn you. (过去一般时didn't warn表“现在”) (12)I'll tell him you were here. (过去一般时were表“现在”或“过去”) (13)If you see John, tell him I had to go out of town. (过去一般时had to go表“现在”或“将来”) 过去一般时当然也可以从属于另一过去一般时,如: (14)I didn't know you were here.(过去一般时were从属于过去一般时didn't know。注意were在此表“现在”) (15)He said his name was David. (过去一般时was从属于过去一般时said。注意 was在此表“经常”) (16)I got a job because I was a woman. (过去一般时was从属于过去一般时got。was在此只表当时得到工作的身份,与got同时) 关于过去一般时从属于别的时态的情况,我们已经谈了不少。现在让我们简略地看看其他一些时态的从属情况。 过去完成时: (17)He said he would come as soon as he had finished his work. (过去完成时had finished从属于过去将来时would come,可能表“将来”) 过去进行时: (18)Was it next Sunday they were coming? (过去进行时were coming从属于过去一般时was,表“将来”) 现在一般时: (19)Write and tell me what you decide. (现在一般时decide从属于表将来的write and tell, 亦表“将来”。注意这里的decide不可代之以will decide,因为will decide表示其动作将发生在write and tell之后) 像这样的现在一般时也不罕见,再如: (20)You'll soon know who is elected. (is elected 从属于will know) (21)I'll tell you how it goes tonight. (goes从属于will tell) (22)We'd better go and see Jane. She'll be wondering why we don't come. (don't come 从属于将来进行时will be wondering) (23)We'll work for what we have, not borrow! (have从属于will work) 现在完成时: (24)When a man goes back to look at the house of his childhood, it has always shrunk. (现在完成时has shrunk在此从属于现在一般时goes) (25)A man who has once acquired the art of intelligent reading and of lucid expression, has received no mean measure of education. (现在完成时has acquired与has received在此从属于a man,而a man所存在的状态自然应由现在一般时所表示。所以,实质上句中的两个现在完成时是从属于现在一般时的) 现在进行时: (26)I'll tell him I'm using it. (现在进行时am using 可能从属于will tell表“将来”,与“现在”无关。注意am using不可代之以will be using, 否则,其动作将发生于will tell之后) (27)On election night we'll be telling you what's happening in various places in this country. (现在进行时is happening从属于将来进行时will be telling,表 “将来”。它亦不可代之以将来进行时,理由同前) (28)Sound is produced when the air which is being forced up from the lungs puts the vocal chords into vibration. (现在进行时is being forced从属于现在一般时puts) 将来一般时: (29)Write and tell us what you'll do. (将来一般时will do从属于表将来的write and tell,表“将来的将来”,即对write and tell而言的将来) 将来进行时: (30)He will come to ask you if you'll be wanting anything. (将来进行时will be wanting从属于will come,表示“将来的将来”,即对will come to ask而言的将来) 过去将来时: (31)He said he would come tomorrow. (过去将来时would come 从属于过去一般时said,表“将来”) 综上可以看出: 许多时态都可以从属于其他时态,而且一种时态还可以分别从属于一种以上的时态。对中国学生来说,懂得了这一点无疑是会很有益处的。 然而,请注意下列各句的有关时态皆属特殊用法,并不从属于任何其他时态: (1)Did you find the pen you lost ? (过去一般时可表“过去的过去”) (2)Maggie hoped nothing like that happened . (过去一般时可表“过去的将来”) (3)I would rather you remained here. (虚拟语气,此处不讨论) (4)The boy who was standing there ran away. (过去进行时与过去一般时一样,亦可表“过去的过去”) (5)I'll tell him when he comes . (现在一般时可表“将来”) (6)When you are passing my way, please drop in. (现在进行时可表“将来”) 2 关于一些时态的用法问题 有些读者来信都问到一些时态方面的问题,现让我们一并讨论如下: 第一个问题是: 下面两句中的间接引语为什么用过去一般时而不用过去完成时? (1)The teacher asked us how we liked the story. (2)The doctor asked when the trouble began. 按照一般语法规则,这两个句子中的间接引语都应用过去完成时,liked应改为had liked, began应改为had begun。实际上,如果都改用过去完成时,也不为错。那么为什么这两个句子偏偏不用过去完成时而用过去一般时呢? 在不会被误会的情况下,间接引语可用过去一般时代替过去完成时。那么,它们之间有无区别呢? 有,其不同是: 过去完成时强调与主句谓语动词之间的先后关系,亦即强调过去完成时的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前;过去一般时则不强调上述先后关系,而仅强调间接引语叙述的事实。 第二个问题: 下面一些句子对否? (3)I have seldom gone to the cinema since I bought a TV. (4)He's never gone to the movies. (5)I have gone to work by bike since I have had one. (6)Have you ever gone to New York? (7)I have already gone there. (8)I have gone there twice. (9)No, I have never gone there. 句(3)与句(8)是合乎规范的英语,现在完成时have gone表重复动作。这种用法很普通,再如: (10)My father has always gone to work by bike. (11)Twice he has tried and twice he has failed. (12)It's rained every day this week. 句(4)、(6)、(7)、(9)中的have gone是美国英语,相当于have been。我们认为中国学生应多用have been,少用或不用have gone。句(5)是错句,可改为“I have been going to work by bike since I have had one.”等表重复性动作的句子,这样才能与since(自从)所引导的从句连用。而have gone to work则只表一次性动作,不能与since从句搭配。 第三个问题是: 下面一些句子能成立吗? (13)I have graduated from college since 1994. (14)Did you know him before? (15)Yes, I knew him long ago. 句(13)不能成立,因为graduate不是持续动词,可改为“I graduated from college in 1994. ”; 句(14)正确无误;句(15)也不能成立,因为know是静态动词,不可能与long ago连用,可改为“Yes, I got to know him long ago.”。 第四个问题: 在《英语时态》一书中有这样一句话: (16)We know each other twenty years. 请问它与 (17)We have known each other for twenty years有何区别? 例(16)用现在一般时,其重点在谓语动词上。例(17)用现在完成时,其重点在for twenty years上。 第五个问题: 下面两句有什么区别? (18)They told me that you have changed your job. (19)They tell me that you have changed your job. 例(18)用told,强调未道出的过去某一时刻。例(19)用tell,强调现在的结果或事实。有时现在一般时tell有“认为”的含义,如: (20)The doctor tells me that I'll soon be right again. 第六个问题: 请问下面两个句子有何区别? (21)I have been waiting for you for two hours. (22)I have waited for you for two hours. 例(21)比较口语化,也可能带有不耐烦的感情色彩。例(22)则道出一个事实,仅此而已。 第七个问题: 在下面两句中应填动词be的什么时态形式? (23)I_________25 next August. (24)Today is the 19th of November. Tomorrow_________the 20th. 句(23)可填will be或am going to be。句(24)应填will be,因为第二句是从第一句推算来的。 3 再谈几个时态用法的问题 又有一些读者来信问到几个时态用法的问题,其实也牵涉到一些情态问题,现让我们一一讨论如下: 第一个问题是: 英语里要表达“我已经去过那里两次”时,只能说: (1)I've been there twice. 而不可说 (2)I've gone there twice. 对吗? 不对,这两种说法都是正确的。现在完成时have been与have gone在这里皆表重复性动作,但二者在语气上并不完全相同。如谈的是丢了东西,应该去找,例(1)的含义是: 我已去过两次,你还要我去? 话中带有感情色彩; 例(2)则无感情色彩,只是照事实说已去过两次。注意例(1)与例(2)皆无时间状语,因为其“至今”的含义是不言自明的。其后用上up to now, today或this week也可以,但如用过去时间yesterday或last week,则须用过去一般时went,如: (3)I went there twice yesterday. 有的读者可能对现在完成时可表重复性动作这一用法不甚熟悉,现再举几例供参考: (4)My father has always gone to work by bike. (5)Many a time as a boy have I climbed that hill. (6)Six times he has tried and six times he has failed. (7)He has done such things, but I don't think he'll ever do them again. (8)I have often met him when I have been in London. 下面一例中的has been亦表重复性动作: (9)— Mr. Smith has been on the phone for you, Dad. — What time was that? — About eight and then again at ten. 误认为例(2)是错句可能是由于把它与错句“I have gone there”(我到过那里)相混所致。我们在英语里表达“去而复归”这一含义时,一般的确应用have been,不可用have gone (但也有例外)。 第二个问题是: 当有人敲门时,我主动要求去开门,应该说: (10)I'm going to open the door. 不应该说 (11)I'll open the door. 对吗? 否,恰恰相反,在这种场合,我们应该用例(11),不应该用例(10)。为什么呢? 让我们先说为什么应该用例(11)吧。例(11)中的I'll即I will。 严格说来,will在此是情态动词,有“意愿”的含义,具体用来表示一种行将取得的结果。 I will的这种用法在口语中是很普通的,再如: (12)I've left my glasses upstairs. — I'll fetch them. (13)I'm going to town. — I'll give you a lift. (14)I have come to see Mr. Brown. — I will go and tell him. (15)The phone rang and Jack stood up from the table. “I'll get it,” he said. 现在再让我们看看为什么不应该用例(10)。我们知道,be going to和助动词shall, will一样,也是一种表示将来的手段。它在当代英语里用得很广。但须指出,当它与作主语用的人连用时,常有“意欲”、“打算”甚至“决定”的含义,而无主动向对方建议或要求做某事以取得结果的内涵。所以当我们用例(10)时,其意是“我打算去开门”或“我决定去开门”, 而不是“让我去开门”,正如当我们说: (16)I'm going to see Tom this afternoon. 或者: (17)I'm going to town tomorrow. 此时只意味着“打算”或“决定”而不意味着一项主动的建议一样。 第三个问题是: 请问下面四句话中各个时态的含义是什么? (18)This is the last time that I have dined at this restaurant. (19)This is the last time that I'll dine at this restaurant. (20)This will be the last time that I have dined at this restaurant. (21)This will be the last time that I'll dine at this restaurant. 例(18)中的现在一般时is纯表事实,无具体时间的概念。从句中的现在完成时have dined表示“已吃过饭”。全句不仅有决不再来此饭馆吃饭的意思,而且似乎有怒气冲冲的感情色彩。例(19)中的现在一般时is与例(18)同,其从句中的I'll即I will, will在此是情态动词,表意愿或决意,无时间概念。说话人说此话时或已吃过饭或正在吃饭。不管怎样,他在这家饭馆用餐则是最后一次了。例(20)与例(21)的从句中的时态的含义分别与例(18)、(19)同,其主句中的will也是情态动词,表“料想”或“大概”,具有一种评论或议论的性质。但例(20)与例(21)也可能是指未来的事。再如: (22)It will be the first time I've slept well. 4 表将来的从句应用什么时态? 有一读者问: 在表将来的从句中,其谓语动词有时用现在一般时,有时则用将来一般时,请问这是怎么一回事? 在未回答你的问题之前,请先看下面一些表将来的各种从句的谓语动词用现在一般时的例句: 最常用现在一般时表将来的从句是一些状语从句,如: (1)I'll call you when breakfast is ready. (现在一般时is用在when引导的时间状语从句中) (2)Let me talk to you before you go . (现在一般时go用在before引导时间状语从句中) (3)He'll go to college after he finishes his middle school course. (现在一般时finishes用在after引导的时间状语从句中) (4)I'll write to you as soon as I arrive home. (现在一般时arrive用在as soon as引导的时间状语从句中) (5)I'll tell him the minute he gets here. (现在一般时gets用在短语连词the minute引导的时间状语从句中) (6)I'll go where you go . (现在一般时go用在where引导的地点状语从句中) (7)If it rains tomorrow, we shall put off the match. (现在一般时rains用在if引导的条件状语从句中) (8)Unless you overcome that habit, you'll be ruined. (现在一般时overcome用在unless引导的条件状语从句中) (9)I'll have a good time whether I win or lose . (现在一般时win和lose用在whether引导的让步状语从句中) (10)Next time I'll do as he says . (现在一般时says用在as引导的方式状语从句中) (11)The sooner you go , the sooner you'll be back. (现在一般时go用在the sooner引导的比较状语从句中) (12)We'll probably drive faster than you do , so we'll get there first and buy the tickets. (现在一般时do用在than引导的比较状语从句中) 表将来的现在一般时也可以用在定语从句中,如: (13)No fear that any word of anything you tell me is going to reach another ear. (现在一般时tell用在定语从句中) (14)These beautiful songs will help to make the hearts of all who read them more tender and true. (现在一般时read用在定语从句中) 有时表将来的现在一般时也可以用在表语从句中,如: (15)If you ever hear of me again, it will be because my name's in the newspapers. (现在一般时is用在表语从句中) (16)The next appointments will be when the doctor returns from vacation. (现在一般时returns用在表语从句中) 表将来的现在一般时也常用在宾语从句中,如: (17)Tomorrow at this time we'll know who is elected. (现在一般时is elected用在宾语从句中) (18)China and the Netherlands will meet tomorrow to decide which team qualifies for the Summer Olympics. (现在一般时qualifies用在宾语从句中) 表将来的现在一般时偶尔也可用在主语从句中,如: (19)What changes we make in our plans will be announced later. (现在一般时make用在what引导的主语从句中) 综上所述,除某些特殊情况外,可以看出,从句中的现在一般时与主句中的谓语动词皆有密切的相互关系,更确切地说,前者是依存于后者的。且以例(1)为例,when从句中的现在一般时is显然与主句中的will call有密切的关系,或者说,is在时间上依存于will call,二者几乎是同时发生的。如将is改作will be,不但变得毫无意义,而且其所表示的时间就会是在will call之后了。再如例(17),如将is elected改为will be elected,其发生的时间就不会与will know同时,而亦会在其后,从而其意义也有所不同。 反过来说,如果表将来的从句中的谓语动词与主句中的谓语动词的关系并不密切,前者并不依存于后者,那么,从句中的谓语动词即应用将来一般时。现举例说明如下: 1. 用于状语从句: (20)I shall take it because I shall want it. (将来一般时shall want用在原因状语从句中) (21)He is so badly injured that he will probably die . (将来一般时will die用在结果状语从句中) (22)And now, you will remember these experiences to the extent that they will not trouble you. (将来一般时will not trouble用在程度状语从句中) (23)She dresses like that so that everyone will notice her. (将来一般时will notice用在目的状语从句中) (24)We are going to look for him no matter how hard it will be . (将来一般时will be用在让步状语从句中) (25)She looks as if she will be like you when she grows up. (将来一般时will be用在方式状语从句中) 2. 用于定语从句,如: (26)A few feet farther on, you'll reach an open spot where you will be without cover. (将来一般时will be用在定语从句中) (27)Associate with such as will improve your manners. (将来一般时will improve用在定语从句中) (28)Something will happen here that will bring us shame to our last days. (将来一般时will bring用在定语从句中) (29)He has fixed a price on his house than which less will not be accepted . (将来一般时will not be accepted用在定语从句中) 3. 用于名词性从句,这是比较普遍的,如: (30)That we shall be late is certain. (将来一般时shall be用在主语从句当中) (31)It has often been asked whether he will come himself. (将来一般时will come用在主语从句中) (32)The first requirement of a play is that it will act . (将来一般时will act用在表语从句中) (33)The odds are he will refuse . (将来一般时will refuse用在表语从句中) (34)Please tell him I shall meet him at the club at twelve noon. (将来一般时shall meet用在宾语从句中) (35)I doubt if he will last the year out. (将来一般时will last用在宾语从句中) 但请注意下列一些特殊情况: 1. 下面一些句子中的表将来的从句可用或须用现在一般时: (36)I hope you have a pleasant stay in China. (这里的现在一般时have用在hope后的宾语从句中表示较近的将来,但没有将来一般时那样正式) (37)See that you don't hurt your fingers. (在这种句型中,宾语从句应用现在一般时) (38)The employees have demanded that the manager resigns . (按照一般规则,这里的宾语从句应用虚拟时态resign或should resign,但在当代英语中,尤其在英国,亦可用直接语气resigns) (39)I have been waiting for the day you come . (按说这里的定语从句应用将来一般时,但由于人们往往误将the day看作短语连词,所以也常用现在一般时come) 2. 下面一些句子中的表将来的从句也可用或须用将来一般时: (40)I will come if it will suit you. (这里的if从句之所以用将来一般时will suit是由于这个条件从句中省去了另一条件从句if I come tomorrow,省去的原因显然在于它与主语重复了) (41)When strength shall fail , I will cease. (这里的when从句中的shall fail是古旧的虚拟时式,现多用fails) (42)It will be long before he will come back. (将来一般时will come用于before从句是表示说话人的一种主观态度,强调时间之长) (43)They are to be held until an investigating officer will come . (将来一般时will come用在until从句中也是强调说话人的一种主观判断) 3. 下面一些句子中的从句既可用现在一般时,亦可用将来一般时,似乎区别不大: (44)She'll be on the same plane as I am (will be ). (45)We'll probably drive faster than you do (will ). (46)Let's see who gets (will get )there first. 5 除将来时态外的可表将来的时态 有一读者问: 除将来时态外,还有哪些时态可表将来? 这样的情况还有几种如下: 1. 用现在一般时表将来 (1)I'm off. (2)The train leaves at nine p.m. (3)I read my paper tomorrow. (4)Tomorrow is Sunday. (5)The future is bright. (6)When I grow up I'll be a soldier. (7)I'll thank you if you give me a lift. (8)See that the windows are closed before you leave the room. (9)I hope you have a pleasant stay in China. (10)Who will be the first man who lives on the moon? 2. 用现在完成时表将来 (11)Please wait until I have finished my breakfast. (12)If he asks for me, tell him I have left for Shanghai. (13)There is but one more question; then I have done . 3. 用现在进行时表将来 (14)I'm leaving tomorrow. (15)I'm finishing . (16)You're not driving my car again. (17)I'm not backing out. (18)When you are passing my way, please drop in. (19)If you say that once more, I'm leaving . (20)He's always coming to see me. 4. 过去一般时表将来 (21)In the years to come it will be a great thing for a man to say that I died here like a hero. (22)Be sure to let us know you arrived safely. 5. 过去进行时表将来 (23)He said they were coming this evening. 除上述时态可表将来外,还有一些可表将来的手段,如动词原形之前加be going to, be to, be about to等。由于这些手段已为广大读者所熟悉,因而就恕不举例说明了。 6 and所连接的分句可用不同的时态 有一读者问: and所连的两个分句可用不同的时态吗? 可以用,如: (1)I am right and you will know it. (第一分句用的是现在一般时am,第二分句用的是将来一般时will know) (2)No one ever told me he died , and I'm his daughter. (第一分句用过去一般时told和died,第二分句用现在一般时am) 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 19 动词时态清单-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项
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高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 19 动词时态清单-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项
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高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 19 动词时态清单-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项
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