精品解析：北京市第五中学 2025-2026学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

北京市第五中学2025/2026学年度第一学期期中检测试卷 高二英语 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从所给四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 As a biologist and photographer, I always take my camera everywhere to take pictures of wild animals. One day, I was standing on a boat when a very large female leopard seal(海豹) swam by. I put on my diving equipment and grabbed my ____1____. I was frightened because she was so big. My mouth was dry, and I couldn’t even ____2____. But I knew it was time to ____3____ this mysterious creature. I jumped into the freezing water. Immediately, the seal swam towards me. Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth. Thinking this must be a sign of ____4____, I decided to stay very calm. Although the seal was showing me her teeth, I tried not to ____5____ any fear. She did it a few more times, and then swam away. To my ____6____, she came back with a live penguin. And she even showed me how to eat it. Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my mouth! Being a biologist, I understood that she was trying to ____7____ me. But I thought that she was really trying to communicate with me. At this point, she didn’t seem very ____8____. She stayed by me and took care of me for four days. I got many amazing pictures during those four days. And, more importantly, I’ve learned that animals do not always behave the way we ____9____. I believe the _____10_____ experience I had with this powerful and intelligent animal will stay with me forever. 1. A. knife B. bag C. camera D. gun 2. A. escape B. make C. move D. fight 3. A. approach B. adopt C. imagine D. rescue 4. A. respect B. sympathy C. reward D. threat 5. A. confirm B. expose C. overcome D. reduce 6. A. satisfaction B. regret C. surprise D. sorrow 7. A. feed B. comfort C. attack D. assess 8. A. reliable B. dangerous C. sensitive D. ambitious 9. A. admire B. promise C. demand D. expect 10. A. confusing B. similar C. incredible D. bitter 【答案】1 C 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者拍摄海豹的经历及感悟。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我穿上了潜水设备，拿起了照相机。A. knife刀；B. bag包；C. camera照相机；D. gun枪。根据后文的 “Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth.”可知，海豹把我的头和相机放在了他的嘴里，所以我是带着相机潜水的。故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的嘴唇发干，甚至都无法动弹的了。A. escape逃跑；B. make制作；C. move移动；D. fight斗争。根据前文的“I was frightened”可知，我看见海豹后十分害怕，一动不动地待在那里。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我知道，这是接近这个神秘生物的好时候。。A. approach接近；B. adopt采取；C. imagine想象；D. rescue营救。根据后文的“I jumped into the freezing water.”可知，我决定跳入水里，近距离观察海豹，所以此处是接近这个海豹。故选A项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为这一定是威胁的信号，所以决定保持冷静。A. respect尊重；B. sympathy同情；C. reward回报；D. threat威胁；恐吓。根据前文的“Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth.”可知，海豹看到人类后，采取了威胁恐吓人类的做法。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管海豹向我展示它的牙齿，但我尽力不显露出任何害怕。A. confirm确认；B. expose暴露；C. overcome克服；D. reduce减少。根据前文的“I decided to stay very calm.”可知，尽管海豹在威胁我，但我还是尽力保持冷静，不露出害怕的神情。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：使我惊讶的是，它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了。A. satisfaction满足；B. regret后悔；C. surprise惊讶；D. sorrow悲伤。根据后文的“she came back with a live penguin.”可知，我没有想到海豹会去而复返，还带着一只企鹅，所以当它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了，我很惊讶。故选C项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名生物学家，我理解海豹尝试用企鹅喂我吃。A. feed喂养；B. comfort安慰；C. attack攻击；D. assess评估。根据前文的“Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my mouth!”可知，海豹把照相机当成了我的嘴，把企鹅推到了我的“嘴边”，说明海豹是在喂养我，想让我吃了企鹅。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，它看上去似乎不那么危险了。A. reliable可靠的；B. dangerous危险的；C. sensitive多愁善感的；D. ambitious野心勃勃的。根据后文“She stayed by me and took care of me for four days.”可知，从那一刻开始，海豹开始信任我，我也不再害怕它了。故选B项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，我得知动物的行为并不总是我们预期的那样。A. admire钦佩；B. promise承诺；C. demand要求；D. expect预期，期待；认为。根据前文“Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth.”及“Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my mouth!”可知，海豹的行为前后发生了很大的变化，一开始威胁我，后来信任了我，给我分享食物吃。说明海豹并不是像人们认为的那样可怕危险。故选D项。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信与这只强大聪慧的动物在一起的不可思议的体验将伴随我终生。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. similar相似的；C. incredible难以置信的；惊人的；不可思议的；D. bitter痛苦的。根据前文“She stayed by me and took care of me for four days.”及“I got many amazing pictures during those four days. ”可知，我与海豹在一起的经历是非常美妙的，不可思议的。故选C项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In 1909, Sarek was made a national park in order to keep the land in its ___11___ (nature) state. Although the Sami are allowed to continue their traditional way of life in the park, no one else can live here, and all new development ___12___ (ban) within park boundaries. At the far side of the valley, an ancient Sami cottage is visible. Close by, there are a few reindeer feeding ___13___ grass. 【答案】11. natural 12. is banned 13. on 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1909 年萨勒克成为国家公园，有特定规定并呈现与萨米人相关的景象。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：1909年，为了保持这片土地的自然状态，萨勒克被设立为国家公园。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词state，nature的形容词形式为natural“自然的”。故填natural。 【12题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：尽管萨米人被允许在公园内继续他们的传统生活方式，但其他人不能在此居住，公园范围内的所有新开发项目均被禁止。and连接并列分句，空处为第二个分句的谓语动词，all new development与ban之间是被动关系，且句子描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is banned。 【13题详解】 考查介词。句意：不远处，有几只驯鹿在吃草。feed on是固定短语，意思是“以……为食”。故填on。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Cyclo-cross is a tough but fun sport ___14___ riders race laps around an off-road circuit such as a park or field. They ride up and down hills, through twists and turns and sometimes over low barriers or steps. At times, they may decide ___15___ (get) off their bike and run through the mud while pushing their bike or carrying it on their shoulder. Races usually take place in autumn and winter when the ground conditions and weather make it even ___16___(tough). 【答案】14. where 15. to get 16. tougher 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自行车越野赛这项艰苦但有趣的运动。 【14题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：自行车越野赛是一项艰苦但有趣的运动，骑手们在公园或田野等越野赛道上绕圈比赛。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为sport，指代地点，且从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：有时，他们可能会决定下车，推着自行车或把自行车扛在肩上，在泥泞中奔跑。固定搭配decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，不定式作宾语。故填to get。 【16题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：比赛通常在秋季和冬季举行，当时的地面条件和天气使比赛更加艰难。根据句意和even可知，此处表示“甚至更艰难”，应用形容词比较级tougher，作宾补。故填tougher。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 ___17___ handwriting is an important part of the courses in the UK, some teachers think ___18___ (type) is now more important. In December 2021, one headteacher ___19___ (suggest) that A-level exams should be typed instead of written by hand. This was partly because students learning ___20___ (remote) have used keyboards, not pens, but also because text messages are now more common than handwritten notes. However, it remains uncertain whether this suggestion will be adopted. 【答案】17. Though##Although##While 18. typing 19. suggested 20. remotely 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在英国课程中手写与打字谁更重要的问题。 【17题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管在英国手写是课程的重要组成部分，但一些老师认为现在打字更重要。此处“handwriting is an important part of the courses in the UK”和“some teachers think __2__is now more important”之间存在让步关系，所以用though/although/while引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Though/Although/While。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管在英国手写是课程的重要组成部分，但一些老师认为现在打字更重要。think后是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，空处应用动名词形式，作主语。故填typing。 【19题详解】 考查时态。句意：2021年12月，一位校长建议A - level考试应该打字而不是手写。空处为句子谓语，根据时间状语“In December 2021”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填suggested。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：部分原因是远程学习的学生使用的是键盘，而不是笔，还因为现在短信比手写便条更常见。空处修饰动词learning，应用副词形式remotely“远程地”，作状语。故填remotely。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，34分） 第一节 （共12小题；每小题2分，共24分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A One of the best ways to improve our communities is through volunteer work. According to a report from United Nations Volunteers, it is estimated that 140 million people volunteer in every nation and in a variety of settings. Forbes reports that research has shown that volunteering can greatly benefit volunteers. These benefits include an increased sense of productivity, the development of new skills, resume-building experience, improved physical health, and the emotional rewards that come with others appreciating you and your efforts. Here are some types for you to join in local communities. Sports volunteering You don’t need to be good at the sport in which you wish to volunteer. Some of the most important characteristics include enthusiasm and interest. Your sports organisation should put you through any qualifications that you need to carry out your role. Most people volunteer on average two or three hours a week, but there are also opportunities to volunteer more or less often. Support the Red Cross Red Cross is an organization that helps with disaster relief, blood donations, and more. Being a Red Cross volunteer provides experience in the medical field and allows you to help those in need. The Red Cross responds to disasters nationwide and helps communities recover. It may be difficult to see damaged communities, but you could have a part in assisting them to recover. In addition, you may meet new friends along the way. Organize a Summer Reading Program Summer reading programs are one way to keep children’s reading skills active and their mind fresh during the whole summer vacation. Organizing a summer reading program is an excellent way to get kids to read a book, broaden their vocabulary, and learn something new. You can share your favorite books, offer prizes to children who meet their goals, and turn the program into a friendly competition, all while teaching children the importance of reading. 21. What requirements do you need to meet if you want to volunteer for sports? A. Be fond of sports. B. Follow the fixed schedule. C. Have past the qualification tests. D. Be good at various kinds of sports. 22. The summer reading program can help kids to . A. share their favorite books B. organize book reading competitions C. review what they have learned in school D. enrich their reading experience in summer 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To help manage the local community. B. To introduce the communities in need. C. To introduce different volunteer programs. D. To show the benefits of doing volunteer work. 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章向读者推荐了在当地社区中几个适合加入的志愿者活动类型。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Sports volunteering”部分中“You don’t need to be good at the sport in which you wish to volunteer. Some of the most important characteristics include enthusiasm and interest. (你不需要擅长你想做志愿者的运动。一些最重要的特征包括热情和兴趣。)”可知，如果你想成为体育志愿者，一些最重要的特征包括对运动充满热情和兴趣。故选A。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Organize a Summer Reading Program部分中“Organizing a summer reading program is an excellent way to get kids to read a book, broaden their vocabulary, and learn something new.(组织一个暑期阅读项目是让孩子们读书、扩大词汇量、学习新东西的好方法。)”可知，组织一个暑期阅读项目能够丰富他们的夏季阅读体验。故选D。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，向读者推荐了在当地社区中几个适合加入的志愿者活动类型。文章的目的是介绍不同的志愿者项目。故选C。 B Evenings With Dad Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. I’d watch as he put his personal items away: his watch, wallet, comb and car keys would always occupy the same spot on the table every time. Dad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say: “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?” I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me, and place the comb on top of his wallet. About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn’t come home as much as he used to. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job? Why take the risk and place the whole family in trouble? Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him. Now 28, I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has also started to get back on track. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me went on. Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he asked me to clean his comb. I looked at him for a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink. It was a new comb. This one was brown. I hadn’t noticed that he’d changed it. After cleaning it, I passed it back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before. 24. How did the author feel about her earliest memories with her Dad? A. Moved. B. Challenging C. Cheerful. D. Tired. 25. The reason why Dad started his own business was most probably that ________. A. he lost his job and had to make a living B. he hoped to earn a better life for the family C. he was eager to get a sense of achievement D. he wanted to protect his life from getting shaky 26. The author shared her story with her Dad because ________. A. she intended to remember their happy time B. she took pride in helping her father clean the combs C. she wanted others to draw a lesson from her personal experience D. she was grateful for what her father had done for the family 【答案】24 C 25. B 26. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者童年时与父亲每晚相伴清洁梳子的温馨回忆，随着父亲辞职创业、家庭生活变动，父女间产生隔阂，成年后一次偶然的清洁梳子事件，让作者重新感受到父亲的爱与苍老，表达了对父亲为家庭付出的感恩之情。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad.(我非常乐意做这件事。五岁时，这样的任务给我带来了极大的快乐。我会兴奋地打开水龙头，然后用一把旧牙刷使劲地刷梳子。当我满意自己做得很好时，我会自豪地把梳子还给爸爸。)”可知，作者对与父亲相处的早期回忆是充满欢乐的。故选C项。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn’t come home as much as he used to. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed.(爸爸的生意不太好，我们稳定的生活开始变得动荡。他不像以前那样经常回家了。而且当他回家时，总是很晚，我总是睡觉了)”可知，父亲创业虽初期不顺，但结合常理推测，他放弃稳定的销售工作选择创业，最可能的原因是希望为家庭创造更好的生活。故选B项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段“It was a new comb. This one was brown. I hadn’t noticed that he’d changed it. After cleaning it, I passed it back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before.(那是一把新梳子，是棕色的。我之前都没注意到他已经换了梳子。清洗干净后，我把梳子递还给爸爸。他看着梳子笑了起来。但这一次，我察觉到了不一样的地方——爸爸已经老了。他笑的时候眼角有了皱纹，可那份笑容依旧像从前一样温暖人心)”可知，作者从童年与父亲的温馨互动，到父亲创业后父女间的隔阂，再到成年后通过清洁梳子重新观察到父亲的苍老与不变的笑容，字里行间隐含着对父亲为家庭奔波付出的理解与感恩。故选D项。 C We’ve all felt the tap to the soul you get from driving by your old high school or hearing a tune you once danced to. But why is that feeling so universal? Nostalgia, a combination of the Greek words nostos (homecoming) and algos (pain), was a special type of homesickness associated with soldiers fighting far-off wars. Seventeenth-century physicians worried such thoughts put health at risk. In the 19th century, doctors believed it could cause irregular heartbeat, fever, and death. Our understanding of nostalgia has developed since then. “It’s a very mixed emotion,” says Frederick Barrett, a neuroscientist. That makes it hard to fit into existing theory, which typically categorizes emotions as either positive or negative. And triggers — the cars, music or smells — are extremely personal. Therefore, designing a standardized study is difficult. But we do know nostalgia has a marked effect on us: brain imaging studies show that those experiences have their own neural signature. Neuroscientists argued that the emotion is co-produced by the brain’s recall and reward systems. They found that nostalgic images use the memory-managing hippocampus (海马区) more than other sights, as people mine autobiographical (个人经历的) details deep in the past. This mental effort pays off: as the hippocampus activates, so does one of the brain’s reward centers. “That longing for the past might be a protective mechanism,” says Tim Wildschut, a professor. His work also suggests a more primitive purpose for the feeling: it developed to remind our ancient ancestors of pleasant physical feelings during periods of discomfort and pain. Recent research suggests the occasional look backwards can give us a boost in unnoticeable ways: by increasing self-respect and protecting against depression. Nostalgia’s apparent power to jump-start one’s memory also seems to improve recall ability in people with Alzheimer’s disease. New flavors of “reminiscence therapy” (回忆疗法) are emerging around the world. In 2018, the George G. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers opened its first Town Square, an adult daycare facility designed to look like a small town in 1950s America. Though Town Square has yet to publish peer-reviewed data on the success of the program, clients say it has helped seniors access dusty memories and reconnect with loved ones. Scientists need a lot more information to adequately characterize this complex and bittersweet feeling. But while centuries of doctors considered nostalgia a deadly disease, we now know: it can help us make it through today. 27. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. What nostalgia means. B. Why nostalgia matters. C. How nostalgia works. D. When nostalgia emerges. 28. How might nostalgia benefit people? A. It helps us face unpleasant situations. B. It gives seniors a sense of security. C. It makes people’s mind sharp. D. It improves people’s instant memory. 29 Why does the author mention Town Square? A. To reveal a phenomenon of emotion. B. To demonstrate the use of a research C. To explore the advantage of a treatment. D. To interpret the concept of a therapy finding. 【答案】27. C 28. A 29. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了怀旧情绪的词源、历史认知、神经机制、积极作用及相关应用。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“But we do know nostalgia has a marked effect on us: brain imaging studies show that those experiences have their own neural signature. Neuroscientists argued that the emotion is co-produced by the brain’s recall and reward systems. They found that nostalgic images use the memory-managing hippocampus (海马区) more than other sights, as people mine autobiographical (个人经历的) details deep in the past. This mental effort pays off: as the hippocampus activates, so does one of the brain’s reward centers.(但我们确实知道，怀旧会对我们产生显著影响：脑部成像研究表明，这些怀旧体验有着独特的神经特征。神经科学家认为，这种情绪是大脑的记忆系统和奖励系统共同作用的结果。他们发现，当人们挖掘遥远的个人经历细节时，怀旧相关的影像比其他场景更能激活负责记忆管理的海马区。这种精神层面的努力会带来回报：当海马区被激活时，大脑的一个奖励中枢也会随之活跃)”可知，本段主要阐述了怀旧情绪是通过大脑的记忆系统与奖励系统共同作用、激活海马区及奖励中枢而产生的，即怀旧的运作机制。故选C。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段““That longing for the past might be a protective mechanism,” says Tim Wildschut, a professor. His work also suggests a more primitive purpose for the feeling: it developed to remind our ancient ancestors of pleasant physical feelings during periods of discomfort and pain.(“对过去的向往可能是一种保护机制，”教授Tim Wildschut说道。他的研究还揭示了这种情绪更原始的功能：在远古时期，它能提醒我们的祖先在不适和痛苦的处境中回忆起愉悦的身体感受)”以及第六段“Recent research suggests the occasional look backwards can give us a boost in unnoticeable ways: by increasing self-respect and protecting against depression. Nostalgia’s apparent power to jump-start one’s memory also seems to improve recall ability in people with Alzheimer’s disease. (近期研究表明，偶尔回望过去能以不易察觉的方式给我们带来助力：提升自尊水平，抵御抑郁情绪。怀旧所具备的唤醒记忆的显著能力，似乎还能改善阿尔茨海默病患者的记忆提取能力)”可推知，怀旧能帮助人们在困境或负面状态中获得支撑，从而更好地面对不愉快的情况。故选A。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第七段“New flavors of “reminiscence therapy” (回忆疗法) are emerging around the world. In 2018, the George G. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers opened its first Town Square, an adult daycare facility designed to look like a small town in 1950s America.(如今，世界各地正涌现出多种形式的“回忆疗法”。2018年，George G. Glenner阿尔茨海默病家庭中心开设了首个“城镇广场”——这是一处成人日托机构，其设计复刻了20世纪50年代美国小镇的风貌)”可推知，作者提及“城镇广场”是为了举例说明“回忆疗法”的实际应用形式。故选B。 D The start-up that attracted the largest investment in the history of cybersecurity, of more than half a billion dollars, has a simple goal: a passwordless future. Despite the spread of password management software that can generate and remember complicated strings of random characters, some of the most common passwords are still “12345”, “password” and “iloveyou”. As a result, more than 80 percent of hacks involve these kinds of passwords; and passwords remain the most sought-after data by hackers, above other personal or sensitive information. In many cases, individuals are tricked into handing over password details by phishing emails and other social engineering techniques. Hackers have sought to break into apps and steal entire password databases as well. Passwords are also under attack from new technology, such as automated programs that can rapidly try to guess them, or can try stolen passwords on multiple online accounts. Since the need to replace the easily forgotten and highly hackable strings of letters and numbers that we use to access everyday life has become even more urgent, the race to replace the password is under way, with biometric-based (基于生物识别的) security emerging as one of the most sought-after solutions. According to Tieo, a union of more than 250 companies, which promotes a standard system of passwordless authentication (身份验证), the vast majority of consumer services will offer passwordless login systems in the next couple of years. “If done correctly and safely, biometrics are really helping us move to a passwordless future in a rapid manner,” said Andrew Jenkinson, CEO of Tieo. But there are still risks associated with the use of biometric authentication. Unlike passwords, biometrics cannot be changed. This means such data must be closely guarded for privacy purposes and to prevent spoofing—hackers trying to trick cameras or sensors with photos, or masks of their victim. “Biometric authentication and passwordless authentication has its own attack surface,” said Paul Smith, director of security research at CyberPek. His team revealed that it had found a design problem which would allow potential attackers to bypass facial recognition login by injecting a spoofed photo of a user’s face into the process. The biggest obstacle standing in the way of the start-ups hoping to kill the password is how to change years of habit. Eric Brown, founder of TAK Cyber, a cyber research and advisory company, argued that while sensitive applications may rapidly shift from passwords, other websites have less motivation to update their systems. “You’ll never get rid of them,” he said. “We’re never going to get to the post-password era.” 30. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. Why passwords are the most sought-after data. B. Why passwords are difficult to secure. C. How passwords have caused us trouble. D. How passwords are stolen by phishing emails. 31. What is Eric Brown’s attitude towards a passwordless future? A. Indifferent. B. Passionate. C. Objective D. Pessimistic. 32. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Biometric authentication: password security solution! B. Start-ups race to welcome a passwordless future. C. Killing the password: a cure or a fantasy? D. The argument to end passwords has begun. 【答案】30. B 31. D 32. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了密码存在的安全隐患、生物识别等无密码认证技术的兴起，同时分析了生物识别技术的风险及“淘汰密码”面临的习惯障碍，探讨了无密码未来的可行性。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“In many cases, individuals are tricked into handing over password details by phishing emails and other social engineering techniques. Hackers have sought to break into apps and steal entire password databases as well. Passwords are also under attack from new technology, such as automated programs that can rapidly try to guess them, or can try stolen passwords on multiple online accounts.(在许多情况下，个人会被钓鱼邮件和其他社会工程学技术欺骗，泄露密码信息。黑客还试图入侵应用程序，窃取整个密码数据库。密码还面临着新技术的攻击，例如能够快速尝试猜测密码或在多个在线账户上测试被盗密码的自动化程序。)”可知，该段从“钓鱼邮件欺骗”“数据库被盗”“新技术攻击”三个方面，阐述了密码容易被破解、难以保障安全的原因。故选B项。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中““You’ll never get rid of them,” he said. “We’re never going to get to the post-password era.(“你永远无法摆脱它们，”他说，“我们永远也进入不了后密码时代。”)”可知，他认为密码无法被淘汰，对无密码未来持悲观态度。故选D项。 【32题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇介绍“无密码未来”的愿景及密码的安全问题，随后提出生物识别技术这一解决方案，接着分析生物识别技术存在的风险（如数据不可更改、易被欺骗），最后指出“改变多年使用习惯”这一最大障碍，并引用专家观点对“无密码未来”提出质疑。核心围绕“淘汰密码”这一议题，探讨其可行性与挑战，即“淘汰密码是解决安全问题的良方，还是不切实际的幻想”。C项“淘汰密码：良方还是幻想？”准确概括了全文的核心争议，是最佳标题。故选C项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 The Positive Effects of a Positive Affect Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships.____33____ Recent research suggests that a teen’s affect—especially positive affect—is one critical factor. What exactly is affect? Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative.____34____ Moreover, research suggests that a person’s affect is relatively stable over time, especially by the time one reaches adulthood. Affect is typically described in terms of being either positive or negative, and it seems that positive affect, in particular, is related to a number of beneficial outcomes in adulthood. In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood.____35____ For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends. ____36____ Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning. But what about the effects of negative affect? The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood.____37____ Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later. A. Affective responses to events typically happen automatically. B. So how can parents help their children grasp the meaning of positive affect? C. But what factors help produce these outcomes as teens move from adolescence to adulthood? D. Interestingly, the results suggested that positive affect may go beyond helping teens build positive relationships. E. The results uncovered that negative affect might account for many life problems when a teenager became a young adult. F. Unlike positive affect, having greater negative affect did not have any significant associations with any of the later life outcomes. G. This study found that positive affect was strongly predictive of life outcomes in young adulthood, such as developing better friendships. 【答案】33. C 34. A 35. G 36. D 37. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了研究者发现青少年在向成年人转变的过程中，积极的情感将会对个人幸福感、事业成功和社会关系等方面产生重大的影响。 【33题详解】 上文“Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships.(父母常常对他们的孩子成年后的表现寄予厚望，比如希望他们的身体健康，对自己的事业感到满意，有牢固的友谊)”说明父母希望孩子们能在成年后获得好的结果，C项“但是在青少年从青春期走向成年的过程中，哪些因素有助于产生这些结果呢？”中的“these outcomes”指代的就是之前提到过的结果。故选C项。 【34题详解】 上文“Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative.(情感是表达积极或消极情绪的倾向，这反过来影响我们如何体验事物并决定是否判断给定的情况是积极的还是消极的)”说明情感是一种情绪倾向，是需要自我决定和自我判断的，A项“对事件的情感反应通常是自动发生的”是对上文观点的进一步解释说明。故选A项。 【35题详解】 上文“In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood.(为了支持积极影响在发展中的这一关键作用，弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员对14至25岁的青少年和年轻人进行了跟踪研究，使他们能够了解从青春期到青年期这一关键发展阶段积极影响的预测能力。)”指出为了支持积极影响在发展中的这一关键作用，研究人员进行了研究，下文“For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends.(举例来说，报告认为积极影响更高的青少年对他们的朋友有更强和更健康的依恋关系)”说明积极影响的青少年更容易和朋友相处，所以空处应该承上启下，指出研究发现，G项“这项研究发现积极的影响可以更好的预测青年时期的生活结果，比如建立更好的友谊”中的“developing better friendships”和下文事例中的“had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends”都是指和朋友建立良好的关系。故选G项。 【36题详解】 上文“For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends.(举例来说，报告认为积极影响更高的青少年对他们的朋友有更强和更健康的依恋关系)”说明积极的情感给青少年带来良好的人际关系， 而D项“有趣的是，结果表明积极的影响可能不仅仅是帮助青少年建立积极的人际关系”中的“helping teens build positive relationships”指的上文提到的和朋友之间良好的关系，是对上文话题的承接，讲了积极的影响的好处，下文“Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning.(积极情感还可以预测自我价值感和工作能力的提高，这表明，总体而言，积极情感似乎是青年人在几个重要功能领域取得成功的关键预测因素。)”也是积极影响的好处，also表明和选项是并列关系，都在讲好处。故选D项。 【37题详解】 上文“But what about the effects of negative affect? The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood.”（但是负面影响的影响呢？研究人员还研究了负面影响是否会预测年轻成年期的问题。）可知在探究负面影响的预测。下文“Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later..(因此，重要的一点是，青少年的积极影响可能与十年后个人幸福、职业和社会关系领域的重要生活结果有着密切的联系。)可知，下文在强调积极影响与生活的关联。F项“与积极影响不同，负面影响不会与以后的生活结果有任何显著关联。”承接上文探究负面影响的测试结果，引起下文对于积极影响对于生活影响的进一步说明。故选F。 第三部分：语言知识（共6小题；每小题1.5分，共9分） 请选择正确单词或词组，并用正确形式填空。 appropriate break down embarrass accompany appeal to witness 38. All children under the age of twelve must ________________ by an adult to enter the science museum. 39. Police are still interviewing all the ________________ to get a clear picture of the event. 40. The new marketing campaign is designed to ________________ younger consumers. 41. She found it helpful ________________ the enormous project into a series of manageable small steps. 42. For a formal event like a wedding, it is essential to dress ________________. 43. She felt ________________ when she realized she had been talking loudly in the quiet library. 【答案】38. be accompanied 39. witnesses 40. appeal to 41 to break down 42. appropriately 43. embarrassed 【解析】 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：所有12岁以下的儿童进入科学博物馆必须由成人陪同。根据空前“All children under the age of twelve must”和空后“by an adult”可知，空处应填动词，且与主语是被动关系，accompany意为“陪同”，符合语境，为动词原形，情态动词must的被动语态应为must be done。故填be accompanied。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：警方仍在询问所有目击者，以了解事件的详细情况。根据空前“Police are still interviewing all the”和空后“to get a clear picture of the event”可知，空处应填名词，witness意为“目击者”，符合语境，为可数名词，此处应用其复数形式，作宾语。故填witnesses。 【40题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：新的营销活动旨在吸引年轻消费者。根据空前“The new marketing campaign is designed to”和空后“younger consumers”可知，空处应填动词，appeal to意为“吸引”，符合语境，为动词短语原形，此处应用其原形，与to构成不定式，作目的状语。故填appeal to。 【41题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：她发现把庞大的项目分解成一系列可管理的小步骤很有帮助。根据空前“She found it helpful”和空后“the enormous project into a series of manageable small steps”可知，空处应填动词，break down意为“分解”，符合语境，为动词短语原形，此处应用其不定式形式，作真正的主语，it作形式宾语。故填to break down。 【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：对于像婚礼这样的正式场合，穿着得体是必不可少的。根据空前“For a formal event like a wedding, it is essential to dress”可知，空处应填副词，appropriate意为“适当的”，符合语境，为形容词，此处应用其副词形式appropriately，作状语，修饰动词dress。故填appropriately。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当她意识到自己在安静的图书馆里大声说话时，她感到很尴尬。根据空前“She felt”和空后“when she realized she had been talking loudly in the quiet library”可知，空处应填形容词，embarrass意为“使尴尬”，符合语境，为动词，此处应用其形容词形式embarrassed，作表语，说明她的感受。故填embarrassed。 第四部分：书面表达(共两节，27分) 第一节 (44、45题2分，46题3分，共7分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues (刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered (触发) by these cues. A “habit loop (环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward—the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re-evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. 44. How are habits built? ________________________________________________________________ 45. In what way is a routine different from a habit? ________________________________________________________________ 46. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】44. Habits are built through learning and repetition. 45. A routine is not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge. 46. Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. It takes many months to build a healthy habit. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了关于习惯养成的相关信息。 【44题详解】 考查细节理解题。根据第二段“Habits are built through learning and repetition.(习惯是通过学习与重复养成的)” 可知习惯是通过学习与重复养成的。故填Habits are built through learning and repetition. 【45题详解】 考查细节理解题。根据第三段“While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is.(尽管常规行为包含重复性动作，但它未必像习惯那样，是对某种根深蒂固的冲动做出的反应)”可知，常规行为未必是对某种根深蒂固的冲动做出的反应。故填A routine is not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge. 【46题详解】 考查细节理解题。根据第四段“While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.(养成新习惯可能需要几周，但养成健康习惯需要数月)可知，养成健康习惯需要数月。而题干中 “building a healthy habit takes a shorter time(养成健康习惯需要更短时间)与原文 “数月” 的表述矛盾，因此该部分为错误内容。故填Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. It takes many months to build a healthy habit. 第二节（20分） 47. 你的英国朋友Jim所在的国际学校下周五组织学生在北京旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“中轴线徒步”或者“798艺术区游览”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括： 1.你建议的线路； 2.你的理由； 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：北京中轴线 Beijing Central Axis 798艺术区 798 ArtDist Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Jim, I’m so excited to hear about your school trip to Beijing! I highly recommend choosing the “Beijing Central Axis” walking tour. This route offers a wonderful journey through China’s rich history and traditional architecture, stretching from the Bell Tower all the way to Tiananmen Square. Walking along the axis, you’ll experience the grandeur of ancient Chinese urban planning and culture firsthand. While 798 ArtDist is modern and creative, the Central Axis better showcases Beijing’s identity as a historic capital. It’s both educational and inspiring — perfect for international students. Yours Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份给英国朋友Jim回信，针对其学校北京旅行的两条线路“中轴线徒步”或“798艺术区游览”给出建议，并说明理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 兴奋的：excited→thrilled 丰富的：rich→abundant 宏伟：grandeur→magnificence 展示：showcase→display 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：This route offers a wonderful journey through China’s rich history and traditional architecture, stretching from the Bell Tower all the way to Tiananmen Square. 拓展句：This route, which stretches from the Bell Tower all the way to Tiananmen Square, offers a wonderful journey through China’s rich history and traditional architecture. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Walking along the axis, you’ll experience the grandeur of ancient Chinese urban planning and culture firsthand.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 【高分句型2】While 798 ArtDist is modern and creative, the Central Axis better showcases Beijing’s identity as a historic capital.（运用while引导的让步状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市第五中学2025/2026学年度第一学期期中检测试卷 高二英语 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从所给四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 As a biologist and photographer, I always take my camera everywhere to take pictures of wild animals. One day, I was standing on a boat when a very large female leopard seal(海豹) swam by. I put on my diving equipment and grabbed my ____1____. I was frightened because she was so big. My mouth was dry, and I couldn’t even ____2____. But I knew it was time to ____3____ this mysterious creature. I jumped into the freezing water. Immediately, the seal swam towards me. Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth. Thinking this must be a sign of ____4____, I decided to stay very calm. Although the seal was showing me her teeth, I tried not to ____5____ any fear. She did it a few more times, and then swam away. To my ____6____, she came back with a live penguin. And she even showed me how to eat it. Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my mouth! Being a biologist, I understood that she was trying to ____7____ me. But I thought that she was really trying to communicate with me. At this point, she didn’t seem very ____8____. She stayed by me and took care of me for four days. I got many amazing pictures during those four days. And, more importantly, I’ve learned that animals do not always behave the way we ____9____. I believe the _____10_____ experience I had with this powerful and intelligent animal will stay with me forever. 1. A. knife B. bag C. camera D. gun 2. A. escape B. make C. move D. fight 3 A. approach B. adopt C. imagine D. rescue 4. A. respect B. sympathy C. reward D. threat 5. A. confirm B. expose C. overcome D. reduce 6. A. satisfaction B. regret C. surprise D. sorrow 7. A. feed B. comfort C. attack D. assess 8. A. reliable B. dangerous C. sensitive D. ambitious 9. A. admire B. promise C. demand D. expect 10. A. confusing B. similar C. incredible D. bitter 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In 1909, Sarek was made a national park in order to keep the land in its ___11___ (nature) state. Although the Sami are allowed to continue their traditional way of life in the park, no one else can live here, and all new development ___12___ (ban) within park boundaries. At the far side of the valley, an ancient Sami cottage is visible. Close by, there are a few reindeer feeding ___13___ grass. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Cyclo-cross is a tough but fun sport ___14___ riders race laps around an off-road circuit such as a park or field. They ride up and down hills, through twists and turns and sometimes over low barriers or steps. At times, they may decide ___15___ (get) off their bike and run through the mud while pushing their bike or carrying it on their shoulder. Races usually take place in autumn and winter when the ground conditions and weather make it even ___16___(tough). C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 ___17___ handwriting is an important part of the courses in the UK, some teachers think ___18___ (type) is now more important. In December 2021, one headteacher ___19___ (suggest) that A-level exams should be typed instead of written by hand. This was partly because students learning ___20___ (remote) have used keyboards, not pens, but also because text messages are now more common than handwritten notes. However, it remains uncertain whether this suggestion will be adopted. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，34分） 第一节 （共12小题；每小题2分，共24分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A One of the best ways to improve our communities is through volunteer work. According to a report from United Nations Volunteers, it is estimated that 140 million people volunteer in every nation and in a variety of settings. Forbes reports that research has shown that volunteering can greatly benefit volunteers. These benefits include an increased sense of productivity, the development of new skills, resume-building experience, improved physical health, and the emotional rewards that come with others appreciating you and your efforts. Here are some types for you to join in local communities. Sports volunteering You don’t need to be good at the sport in which you wish to volunteer. Some of the most important characteristics include enthusiasm and interest. Your sports organisation should put you through any qualifications that you need to carry out your role. Most people volunteer on average two or three hours a week, but there are also opportunities to volunteer more or less often. Support the Red Cross Red Cross is an organization that helps with disaster relief, blood donations, and more. Being a Red Cross volunteer provides experience in the medical field and allows you to help those in need. The Red Cross responds to disasters nationwide and helps communities recover. It may be difficult to see damaged communities, but you could have a part in assisting them to recover. In addition, you may meet new friends along the way. Organize a Summer Reading Program Summer reading programs are one way to keep children’s reading skills active and their mind fresh during the whole summer vacation. Organizing a summer reading program is an excellent way to get kids to read a book, broaden their vocabulary, and learn something new. You can share your favorite books, offer prizes to children who meet their goals, and turn the program into a friendly competition, all while teaching children the importance of reading. 21. What requirements do you need to meet if you want to volunteer for sports? A. Be fond of sports. B. Follow the fixed schedule. C. Have past the qualification tests. D. Be good at various kinds of sports. 22. The summer reading program can help kids to . A. share their favorite books B. organize book reading competitions C. review what they have learned in school D. enrich their reading experience in summer 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To help manage the local community. B. To introduce the communities in need. C. To introduce different volunteer programs. D. To show the benefits of doing volunteer work. B Evenings With Dad Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. I’d watch as he put his personal items away: his watch, wallet, comb and car keys would always occupy the same spot on the table every time. Dad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say: “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?” I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me, and place the comb on top of his wallet. About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn’t come home as much as he used to. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job? Why take the risk and place the whole family in trouble? Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him. Now 28 I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has also started to get back on track. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me went on. Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he asked me to clean his comb. I looked at him for a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink. It was a new comb. This one was brown. I hadn’t noticed that he’d changed it. After cleaning it, I passed it back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before. 24. How did the author feel about her earliest memories with her Dad? A. Moved. B. Challenging C. Cheerful. D. Tired. 25. The reason why Dad started his own business was most probably that ________. A. he lost his job and had to make a living B. he hoped to earn a better life for the family C. he was eager to get a sense of achievement D. he wanted to protect his life from getting shaky 26. The author shared her story with her Dad because ________. A. she intended to remember their happy time B. she took pride in helping her father clean the combs C she wanted others to draw a lesson from her personal experience D. she was grateful for what her father had done for the family C We’ve all felt the tap to the soul you get from driving by your old high school or hearing a tune you once danced to. But why is that feeling so universal? Nostalgia, a combination of the Greek words nostos (homecoming) and algos (pain), was a special type of homesickness associated with soldiers fighting far-off wars. Seventeenth-century physicians worried such thoughts put health at risk. In the 19th century, doctors believed it could cause irregular heartbeat, fever, and death. Our understanding of nostalgia has developed since then. “It’s a very mixed emotion,” says Frederick Barrett, a neuroscientist. That makes it hard to fit into existing theory, which typically categorizes emotions as either positive or negative. And triggers — the cars, music or smells — are extremely personal. Therefore, designing a standardized study is difficult. But we do know nostalgia has a marked effect on us: brain imaging studies show that those experiences have their own neural signature. Neuroscientists argued that the emotion is co-produced by the brain’s recall and reward systems. They found that nostalgic images use the memory-managing hippocampus (海马区) more than other sights, as people mine autobiographical (个人经历的) details deep in the past. This mental effort pays off: as the hippocampus activates, so does one of the brain’s reward centers. “That longing for the past might be a protective mechanism,” says Tim Wildschut, a professor. His work also suggests a more primitive purpose for the feeling: it developed to remind our ancient ancestors of pleasant physical feelings during periods of discomfort and pain. Recent research suggests the occasional look backwards can give us a boost in unnoticeable ways: by increasing self-respect and protecting against depression Nostalgia’s apparent power to jump-start one’s memory also seems to improve recall ability in people with Alzheimer’s disease. New flavors of “reminiscence therapy” (回忆疗法) are emerging around the world. In 2018, the George G. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers opened its first Town Square, an adult daycare facility designed to look like a small town in 1950s America. Though Town Square has yet to publish peer-reviewed data on the success of the program, clients say it has helped seniors access dusty memories and reconnect with loved ones. Scientists need a lot more information to adequately characterize this complex and bittersweet feeling. But while centuries of doctors considered nostalgia a deadly disease, we now know: it can help us make it through today. 27. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. What nostalgia means. B. Why nostalgia matters. C. How nostalgia works. D. When nostalgia emerges. 28. How might nostalgia benefit people? A. It helps us face unpleasant situations. B. It gives seniors a sense of security. C. It makes people’s mind sharp. D. It improves people’s instant memory. 29. Why does the author mention Town Square? A. To reveal a phenomenon of emotion. B. To demonstrate the use of a research C. To explore the advantage of a treatment. D. To interpret the concept of a therapy finding. D The start-up that attracted the largest investment in the history of cybersecurity, of more than half a billion dollars, has a simple goal: a passwordless future. Despite the spread of password management software that can generate and remember complicated strings of random characters, some of the most common passwords are still “12345”, “password” and “iloveyou”. As a result, more than 80 percent of hacks involve these kinds of passwords; and passwords remain the most sought-after data by hackers, above other personal or sensitive information. In many cases, individuals are tricked into handing over password details by phishing emails and other social engineering techniques. Hackers have sought to break into apps and steal entire password databases as well. Passwords are also under attack from new technology, such as automated programs that can rapidly try to guess them, or can try stolen passwords on multiple online accounts. Since the need to replace the easily forgotten and highly hackable strings of letters and numbers that we use to access everyday life has become even more urgent, the race to replace the password is under way, with biometric-based (基于生物识别的) security emerging as one of the most sought-after solutions. According to Tieo, a union of more than 250 companies, which promotes a standard system of passwordless authentication (身份验证), the vast majority of consumer services will offer passwordless login systems in the next couple of years. “If done correctly and safely, biometrics are really helping us move to a passwordless future in a rapid manner,” said Andrew Jenkinson, CEO of Tieo. But there are still risks associated with the use of biometric authentication. Unlike passwords, biometrics cannot be changed. This means such data must be closely guarded for privacy purposes and to prevent spoofing—hackers trying to trick cameras or sensors with photos, or masks of their victim. “Biometric authentication and passwordless authentication has its own attack surface,” said Paul Smith, director of security research at CyberPek. His team revealed that it had found a design problem which would allow potential attackers to bypass facial recognition login by injecting a spoofed photo of a user’s face into the process. The biggest obstacle standing in the way of the start-ups hoping to kill the password is how to change years of habit. Eric Brown, founder of TAK Cyber, a cyber research and advisory company, argued that while sensitive applications may rapidly shift from passwords, other websites have less motivation to update their systems. “You’ll never get rid of them,” he said. “We’re never going to get to the post-password era.” 30. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. Why passwords are the most sought-after data. B. Why passwords are difficult to secure. C. How passwords have caused us trouble. D. How passwords are stolen by phishing emails. 31. What is Eric Brown’s attitude towards a passwordless future? A. Indifferent. B. Passionate. C. Objective D. Pessimistic. 32. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Biometric authentication: password security solution! B. Start-ups race to welcome a passwordless future. C. Killing the password: a cure or a fantasy? D. The argument to end passwords has begun. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 The Positive Effects of a Positive Affect Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships.____33____ Recent research suggests that a teen’s affect—especially positive affect—is one critical factor. What exactly is affect? Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative.____34____ Moreover, research suggests that a person’s affect is relatively stable over time, especially by the time one reaches adulthood. Affect is typically described in terms of being either positive or negative, and it seems that positive affect, in particular, is related to a number of beneficial outcomes in adulthood. In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood.____35____ For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends. ____36____ Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning. But what about the effects of negative affect? The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood.____37____ Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later. A. Affective responses to events typically happen automatically. B. So how can parents help their children grasp the meaning of positive affect? C. But what factors help produce these outcomes as teens move from adolescence to adulthood? D. Interestingly, the results suggested that positive affect may go beyond helping teens build positive relationships. E. The results uncovered that negative affect might account for many life problems when a teenager became a young adult. F. Unlike positive affect, having greater negative affect did not have any significant associations with any of the later life outcomes. G. This study found that positive affect was strongly predictive of life outcomes in young adulthood, such as developing better friendships. 第三部分：语言知识（共6小题；每小题1.5分，共9分） 请选择正确单词或词组，并用正确形式填空。 appropriate break down embarrass accompany appeal to witness 38 All children under the age of twelve must ________________ by an adult to enter the science museum. 39. Police are still interviewing all the ________________ to get a clear picture of the event. 40. The new marketing campaign is designed to ________________ younger consumers. 41. She found it helpful ________________ the enormous project into a series of manageable small steps. 42. For a formal event like a wedding, it is essential to dress ________________. 43. She felt ________________ when she realized she had been talking loudly in the quiet library. 第四部分：书面表达(共两节，27分) 第一节 (44、45题2分，46题3分，共7分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues (刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered (触发) by these cues. A “habit loop (环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward—the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re-evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. 44. How are habits built? ________________________________________________________________ 45. In what way is a routine different from a habit? ________________________________________________________________ 46. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. ________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 47. 你的英国朋友Jim所在的国际学校下周五组织学生在北京旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“中轴线徒步”或者“798艺术区游览”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括： 1.你建议的线路； 2.你的理由； 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：北京中轴线 Beijing Central Axis 798艺术区 798 ArtDist Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $