专题02 语法讲解：现在完成时，条件状语从句，副词（期末复习讲义）八年级英语上学期新教材沪教版

专题02 语法讲解（期末复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 5-8 现在完成时，条件状语从句，副词。 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查，尤其强调语言能力与思维品质的结合，通过语法题目检验学生运用语法规则分析、解决语言问题的逻辑思维能力，而非单纯考查语法知识记忆。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。情境设计更具真实性和连贯性。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。题干或语篇素材会融入中外优秀文化元素（如传统节日习俗、文化礼仪差异）、正能量主题（如环保行动、互助精神），在考查语法的同时，引导学生树立正确价值观，提升跨文化意识。 4. 综合性增强：打破单一语法点的孤立考查，倾向于在同一题目或语篇中融合多个语法点。 5.梯度性鲜明：题目设置兼顾不同层次学生的能力水平，基础题侧重考查语法规则的基本应用，提升题则要求学生在复杂语境中灵活调整语法运用方式，体现 “分层考查、因材施教” 的命题理念。 知识点04 现在完成时 1. 构成 现在完成时是由“助动词have(has）+动词的过去分词”构成 1. 用法 （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在产生了某种影响或造成了某种结果。句中常有just, already, yet等副词修饰。(注意与一般过去时的区别) Have you had lunch yet? 你已经吃过午饭了吗？ Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的，我刚刚吃过。 （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。句中常有for（+时间段）或since（+时间点）引导的表示时间的状语。（注意与现在进行时态和过去进行时态的区别） He has taught here since 1981. 1. 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经历，一般意为汉语“.......过”，常带有twice, ever, never，three times等时间状语。 I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。 just 刚刚 肯定句，have/has 后 never 从来没有 否定句，have/has 后 ever 曾经 疑问句，have/has +主语+ever+过去分词 before 用于句末 yet 仍然 用于疑问句，否定句句末，或not之后 already 已经 肯定句，have/has 后或句末 so far 到目前为止 句首或句末 A 现在完成时中的since和for 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。 1 .for+时间段。表示“有（多长）一段时间了”。如： I have studied English for five years. 我学英语已有五年了。 2 since+时间点。表示“自从……以来”。 (1) since+过去一个时间点。如： 　 I have lived here since 2003. 我自从2003年以来就一直住这儿。 (2) since+时间段+ago。如： She has stayed in Guangzhou since three months ago. 她自三个月前就一直待在广州。 (3) since+从句（一般过去时）。如： Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city. 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。 (4) It is+时间段+since+从句（一般过去时）。如： It is 13 years since I began to live here. 我住这儿已有13年了。 B 现在完成时与一般过去时 一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但要注意以下区别： 1.现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生 一直持续到现在的动作。与特征词since, for, already, yet, ever, never, so far, up to now等连用。如： — Would you like to see the film with me? 你想和我一起去看这部电影吗？ — No. I’ve seen it twice. 不了，我已看了两遍了。（过去已看过，所以现在不想看了） 2.一般过去时强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。与具体的表示过去时间的状语（如：yesterday, last night）连用。如： I saw the film last night. 我昨晚看了那部电影。（仅是对过去事情的陈述） 【即时检测】 一、 用所给单词的适当时态和语态填空(综合训练题，本题更能检测学生语言运用能力。) 1. The student ___________(clean) the classroom now. 2. Light ____________(travel) much faster than sound. 3. Yesterday we _______________ (play) football after school. 4. Tom ___________________(use) computer every Saturday. 5. We _____________(paint) the house before we moved in. 6.Great changes _________ (take) place in our country during the past 20 years. 7.People 　　 (build) The bridge over the river three years ago.  8. I _____________ (see) the film three times. 9. His parents __________ (stay) in the countryside for over 50 days. 10. Sarah ______________ (borrow) five books from the library three days ago. 11. Sarah __________ (keep) the books since three days ago. 12 David __________ (be) interested in music when he was young. 13 David __________ (be) interested in music since he was young. 14.They __________ (finish) the work in two hours. 15. The room _________(look) very clean, Aunt Huang ___________(clean) it. 16. They ______________ (practise ) singing at that time 17. While he _____________ ( read ) , he _________ ( listen ) to the music yesterday. 18. She promised to help him and _________ (give)him three golden apples. 19.My aunt is a writer. She _______ (write)more than ten books since 2000. 20.The train _________(arrive) already. When _______ it ________(arrive)? I don’t know. 21.It _______________ ( rain ) when I went out yesterday. 22. He wanted to know if it ________(rain) tomorrow. If it_________(rain) tomorrow, he ________(visit) his friends. 23.He __________(stay)here to study French in 2022. He _________(stay) here to study French since 2022. 知识点05 If 引导的条件状语句 ◆◆引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if。 if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种（非真实条件句会在以后的虚拟语气中阐述），其引导的真实条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。 1) 如果 if 条件句讲述自然规律，肯定会发生的事情或客观事实，主句和if从句都用一般现在时态。（主现从现） If you take a fish out of water, it dies.如果把鱼从水中拿出，它会死。 2)  在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，谈论将来可能出现的情况时， （主现从现）If you put a piece of paper into water, it gets wet. 如果你把一张纸放进水中，它会变湿。 （主将从现）I’ll buy a car if I have enough money. 如果我有足够的钱， 我会买一辆车。 （主祈从现）Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话，请举手。 (主情从现) If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly. 如果我早早地到那里， 我就可以快点看病。 【注意】 此处if引导的从句，还可由 when， as soon as(一…就…), （not）…until （直到…才），unless(除非)来引导。 The traffic must stop when the light are red.当红灯亮时，交通必须停止。 I will go home as soon as it stops raining. 雨一停我就回家。 Please don’t leave the office until your friend comes back. 请不要离开直到你朋友回来。 　 Unless引导的条件状语从句 ◆◆unless引导的条件状语从句：unless= if …not “除非, 如果不” ① Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. = If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk. 我们出去散步吧，除非你太累 如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。 ③Unless it rains, the game will be played. = If it doesn’t rain, the game will be played. 除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。 ◆◆位置： 由if引导的条件状语从句，可放在主句前面或后面。 If we go to the beach, we need to take sun cream. = We need to take sun cream if we go to the beach. 如果我们去海滩，我们需要带上防晒霜。 【即时检测】 1. Our business won’t improve ____ we offer better service to our customers. A. because B. unless C. after D. since 2.—Let’s go climbing if it_________ this Saturday. — Good idea. But nobody knows if it _____ . A. is fine; rains B. is fine; will rain C. will be fine; rains D. will be fine; will rain 3. If you take the fish out the water, it ________. A. dies B. will die C. died D. is dying 1. If you _____ to join an educational exchange, you must apply for it first. A. want B. wanted C. wants D. wanting 5 .In hot weather, food goes bad easily ______ it is kept in the fridge. A. because B. if C. unless D. since 6. If you heat ice, it_________ to water. A. will turn B. turn C. turns D. turning 7. They ____ the Great Wall unless it_______ . A. will visit; will rain B. will visit; rains C. visit; will rain D. visit; rains 8. If you want to have a chat, _________ me up A. calling B. call C. to call D. will call 9. I ________ her the answer if she ________ now. A. can tell; will ask B. will tell; will ask C. would tell; asks D. will tell; asks 10. You _________ a toothache unless you _________ your teeth every day. A. will get; brush B. will get; will brush C. get; will brush D. get; brush 知识点06 A 副词的用法 1 在英语中副词可以用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子 用法示例： ◦ 修饰动词（表方式）：She dances gracefully.（她优雅地跳舞。） ◦ 修饰形容词（表程度）：The flower is quite beautiful.（这朵花相当美丽。） ◦ 修饰副词（表程度）：He works rather hard.（他工作相当努力。） ◦ 修饰句子（表语气）：Luckily, we caught the last bus.（幸运的是，我们赶上了末班车。） 2 副词的分类 (1) 时间副词:ago, before, already, now, just, soon, then, yet, always, usually, often, sometimes, never, ever等。 (2)地点副词:here, there, in, out, back, home等。 (3)程度副词:very, much, only, quite, too, so, nearly, enough, hard, still等。 (4)疑问副词:when, where, how, why等。 (5)方式副词:quickly, slowly, carefully, loudly, strongly, badly, happily等。 3 形容词构成相应的副词的一般规律 形容词类型 构成相应副词的方法 举例 一般情况 在形容词后直接加 -ly quick — quickly slow — slowly 以y结尾的形容词 先将y改成i,再加 -ly happy — happily busy — busily 绝大多数以e结尾的形容词 直接加 -ly polite — politely wide — widely 少数以e结尾的形容词 要去掉e再加 -ly true — truly terrible — terribly 特殊情况 与形容词同形 early adj. — early adv. high adj. — high adv. 4 在英语中，有些词既可以作形容词，又可以作副词，如early, much, fast, late, hard, high, little, wide, loud等。 由于这类词词性虽不同，但词形却一样，这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。 单词 形容词释义 副词释义 daily 每日的 每日 early 早到的 提早 enough 足够的 足够地 far 较远的 远 fast 快的；迅速的 快速；迅速 hard ①努力的 ②难做的 ③坚硬的 ①努力地 ②猛烈地 high 高的 向高处；在高处 late 迟到 迟；晚 long 长时间的 长期地；长久地 low 低的；矮的 低；向下 well 健康 好 B 副词的比较级和最高级 副词的比较级和最高级的构成： 1 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-est。如：hard — harder — hardest; fast — faster — fastest 2 以字母e结尾的副词，直接加-r或-st。如： late — later — latest 3 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为 “i”，再加-er或-est。如：early — earlier — earliest 4 凡由形容词后加-ly构成的副词，前加more或 most。如： beautifully — more beautifully — most beautifully; clearly — more clearly — most clearly 5 不规则变化：well — better — best; badly — worse — worst; little — less — least; much — more — most; far — farther / further — farthest / furthest C 形容词&副词比较级及最高级常用句式 句型 意义 例句 as＋形容词/副词原级＋as 两者比较，程度相同。“as…as” This book is almost/nearly as thick as that one. You should drive as carefully as possible 如果形容词修饰单数可数名词，应用as＋形容词/副词原级＋a(n)＋可数名词单数形式＋as Tom is as good a person as his uncle. not as /so＋形容词/副词原级＋as 两者相比，一方不及另一方 I didn’t do my homework as carefully as you. 形容词/副词比较级+than 两者进行比较 The sun is bigger than the earth. She usually gets up earlier than others. 比较级＋and＋比较级 “越来越……”，多音节的用more and more＋形容词或副词原级 She is growing fatter and fatter. Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. the＋比较级， the＋比较级 “越……，越……”，如果“the＋比较级”修饰名词作定语，名词要紧跟在比较级之后 The busier the old man is, the happier he feels. The more money he gets, the more he wants. 具体数字(如倍数)+as… as … 是……的……倍 The city is two times as big as my hometown. 形容词最高级+介词短语(比较范围) (三者或三者以上)最…的 He is the tallest boy in our class. 他是我们班里最高的男孩。 副词最高级+介词短语(比较范围) (三者或三者以上)最…的 He works hardest in his class. 他是班上学习最用功的一个。 其他注意事项 （1）比较级的修饰词：比较级前面可以用much，a little，a bit, even，far等修饰词来加强或减弱比较的程度。 例：They speak even more clearly than the teacher.他们说得比老师还要清楚。 She runs much faster than him.她跑得比他快得多。 （2）最高级修饰词：通常用the，可省略。但在形容词的最高级前the不省略。 例：She runs fastest in the class. 她班上跑得最快。 It’s one of the most exciting movies this year.这是今年最令人兴奋的电影之一。 【即时检测】 用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. My class teacher is very kind and she always listens to my questions (patient) 2. What a pity! He played the violin (bad) of all the players. 3. The kids all behave (good) at school. 4. Tom has done his homework much (careful) than before. 5. There was little time left. We went to the bus station . (hurry) 6. (actual), the city walk is a new type of travelling. 7. Some people are talented. They are always good at something. (true) 8. I am so sorry that I (complete) forgot her name. 9. Who did in math, Tony, Jim or Tom? (well) 10. My grandma has made some bread, and it is (fresh) made. 11. Tim was (bad) ill and he had to be absent from school for about a month. 12. (Personal), I like chocolate ice cream the best. 13. Our school had the welcome party for the new students in Grade Seven (success). 14. Emma always sings (loud) than her sister. 15. Who lives (far) from school, Anna or Daisy? 16. My father takes my grades as as my teachers do. (serious) 17. Would you please walk much (quietly) next time when you enter the room? 18. English is one of the used languages in the world. (widely) 基础通关（测试时间：15分钟） 1. Although he worked  ________, he  ________  understood his teacher’s words. A. hardly, hardly B. hard, hard C. hardly, hard D. hard, hardly 2. Strangely, the boys in our class can sing ________ than the girls. A. more beautiful B. much beautifully C. much more beautifully D. a little more beautiful 3. Lily is a(n) ________ student. She answers the teachers’ questions ________ in her class. A. active; more actively B. more actively; more active C. more active; the most actively D. active; the most actively 4. When you walk ________ at night, why don’t you sing ________ to make yourself brave? A. alone; loud B. lonely; quietly C. lonely; loudly D. alone; quiet 5. Don’t just believe the advertisement. That medicine doesn’t work________ it says. A. as better as B. as good as C. so better as D. so well as 6. The ________ you listen to teachers in class, the ________ your understanding of lessons will be. A. more careful; better B. more carefully; clearer C. more carefully; easier D. more careful; deeper 7. Lucy works ________ than her brother, but she is not ________ student in her class. A. more hardly; the hardest B. more harder; the most hardly C. harder; harder D. harder; the hardest 8. —Frank sings as ________ as Bill. —Yes, but I think Bill sings ________ of all. A. beautiful; most beautiful B. beautifully; most beautifully C. beautifuly; most beautifully D. beautiful; most beautifully 9. If Linda ________ back, ________ her the good news. A. come; telling B. comes; tell C. come; tells D. comes; to tell 10. We will have a class trip to the science museum _________ the weather is good this Friday. A. if B. because C. though D. until 11. I really don’t know if he ________ tomorrow. If he ________, please tell me. A. comes, will come B. comes, comes C. will come, comes D. will come, will come 12. If it ________ tomorrow, we will go for a picnic in the park. A. doesn’t rain B. didn’t rain C. won’t rain D. isn’t raining 13. —Why are you so excited? —Because my parents ________ me to visit the Maritime Museum next weekend. A. promise B. promised C. will promise D. have promised 14. —I can’t find my book, Mum. ________ you ________ it anywhere? —I ________ it on your bed a few minutes ago. A. Did, see; saw B. Did, see; have seen C. Have, seen; saw D. Have, seen; have seen 15. —Tom, have you finished your work ________? —Yes. I have ________ finished it. A. just; already B. yet; already C. already; yet D. yet; yet 16. I enjoy playing football. I ________ football since I was five years old. A. play B. have played C. am playing D. will play 17. —Look! Jack ________ 250 soft toys in total so far. —Wow. Now I know how much he loves them. A. will collect B. was collecting C. has collected D. is collecting 18. Great changes ________ in China since the Open Door Policy was carried out. A. had doubled B. have doubled C. will have doubled D. will double 19. My aunt isn’t here. She ________ Beijing on business. She will be back in three days. A. went B. has gone to C. has been to D. will go to 20. Although Lucy ________ the Great Wall, she still plans to visit it again. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been away 重难易混易错突破（测试时间：10分钟） 1. 副词 1. Sam doesn’t write ________ Mary, but his maths is ________ than hers. A. as good as; well B. as good as; best C. as well as; good D. as well as; better 2. The ________ you listen to teachers in class, the ________ your understanding of lessons will be. A. more careful; better B. more carefully; clearer C. more carefully; easier D. more careful; deeper 3. —Who sings ________, you or Jack? —Jack, but I dance ________ than him! A. more loudly; better B. loudly; well C. more loudly; good D. loudly; better 4. Jim is talented in drawing. He draws ________ in his family. A. the most beautifully B. the most beautiful C. more beautifully D. more beautiful 5. Are you sure he practiced ________ times as the other members? He dances worse than ________ in the team. A. as many; any other member B. as much; any member C. more; any of the other members D. more; all the members 6. —As it is getting dark, the streets in this town become ________ empty. — Well, the town is very small and many people go to work in big cities now. A. still B. already C. almost D. just 7. —Peter has worked for our community as a volunteer for ________ ten years. —What a nice person he is! A. really B. nearly C. slowly D. hardly 8. — There are many cars on the roads. — Yes. They use ________ oil and cause ________ serious pollution. A. so much; such B. so much; so C. so many; so D. so many; such 9. It’s raining so ________ that the driver can ________ see anything 10 meters away. He can’t be too careful! A. hard; hard B. hardly; hardly C. hard; hardly D. hardly; hard 10. If you take this exam ________, you will get good grades for sure. A. serious enough B. enough serious C. seriously enough D. enough seriously 2. 条件状语从句的时态（主将从现，主现从先，主祈从现，主情从现） 2.—Let’s go climbing if it_________ this Saturday. — Good idea. But nobody knows if it _____ . A. is fine; rains B. is fine; will rain C. will be fine; rains D. will be fine; will rain 3. If you take the fish out the water, it ________. A. dies B. will die C. died D. is dying 4.If you _____ to join an educational exchange, you must apply for it first. A. want B. wanted C. wants D. wanting 5. If you heat ice, it_________ to water. A. will turn B. turn C. turns D. turning 6. They ____ the Great Wall unless it_______ . A. will visit; will rain B. will visit; rains C. visit; will rain D. visit; rains 7. If you want to have a chat, _________ me up A. calling B. call C. to call D. will call 3.现在完成时中时间状语的用法 用just, already, yet, ever填空。 1. Have you been to Japan? 1. I have finished my homework. 1. I have finished my homework . 1. I haven’t finished my homework . 4.现在完成时与一般过去时区别 1.I have been in China ____ 1997. A. since B. for C. in D. until 2. I have studied English _________ five years. A. since B. for C. in D. until 3. Miss Brown has been a member of our club since she ______ to Guangzhou. A. comes B. come C. came D. has come 4. — I ____ my homework yet. How about you, Jack? — Oh, I _____ it a moment ago. 　A. didn’t do; finish B. haven’t done; finished C. haven’t done; have finished D. don’t do; finish 5 .Her grandfather _____ for four years. A. died　 B. has died　 C. has been dead　 D. has been died 6. — Lucy has visited the Great Wall. 　 — Really? When __________ it? 　　A. will she visit B. did she visit C. does she visit D. has she visited 5.have（has）been in（at） have（has） been to, have(has) gone to 1. —Danny, where’s your father? —Oh, he ________ Beijing on business for over a week. He’ll be back soon. A. has been in B. went to C. has gone to D. has been to 2. My family ________ Beijing twice to climb the Great Wall. A. have been in B. have been C. have been to D. have gone to 3. —Where is your father? I need to talk to him. —Sorry, he ________ Beijing. He’ll be back next week. By the way, I ________ Beijing before, and I ________ there for five years. A. have gone to; have been to; has been in B. has gone to; have been in; have gone to C. has gone to; have been to; have been D. have been to; has gone to; has been in 4. —Excuse me. Where’s Mr Hu? —Oh, he _______ the canteen for lunch. He’ll be back soon. A. goes to B. has gone to C. went to D. has been to 真题链接（测试时间：10分钟） （24-25·番禺区期末） 1. Since I ________ helping as a volunteer in the school library last term, I _______ both reading books and helping others. A. start; enjoyed B. have started; have enjoyed C. have started; enjoyed D. started; have enjoyed 2. Lisa has been an animal trainer ________ nearly twenty years ________ 2004. A. since; for B. for; since C. since; since D. for; for 3. After working hard on his project for several weeks, Li Ming has ________ improved a lot, and he has ________ given up when meeting problems. A. already; never B. ever; already C. yet; never D. ever; yet （24-25·越秀区期末） 1. — When ________ you ________ skiing on the mountains in the French Alps? — Three years ago. I ________ that special experience so far. A. did; learn; have not forgotten B. did; learn; didn’t forget C. have; learnt; have not forgotten D. have; learnt; didn’t forget 2. —Have you ever ________ Paris? —Yes. I ________ there in July to see the opening ceremony of the 2024 Paris Olympics. A. gone to; have gone B. been to; have gone C. been to; went D. gone to; went 8. You ________ her if she ________ you to do so. A. had better not to call; doesn’t allow B. had better not call; won’t allow C. had better not to call; can’t allow D. had better not call; doesn’t allow （24-25·广大附中期末） 1. I don’t do my homework ________ my sister. A. as careful as B. as quick as C. carefully than D. as carefully as 2. ________ you go to the library this weekend, remember to call me. A. As B. Though C. If D. Because 3. If Linda ________ back, ________ her the good news. A. come; telling B. comes; tell C. come; tells D. comes; to tell 4. —Our teachers always tell us _______ we do our homework, _______ mistakes we will make. —I can’t agree more. A. the more careful; the fewer B. the more carefully; the fewer C. the more carefully; the less D. the more careful; the less 5. Chinese tea culture ________ to many countries around the world since the 17th century. A. spreads B. spread C. has spread D. will spread 6. Mr. Brown has taught us English ________ two years. He has been here ________ two years ago. A. for; since B. since; for C. for; for D. since; since 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法讲解（期末复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 5-8 现在完成时，条件状语从句，副词。 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查，尤其强调语言能力与思维品质的结合，通过语法题目检验学生运用语法规则分析、解决语言问题的逻辑思维能力，而非单纯考查语法知识记忆。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。情境设计更具真实性和连贯性。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。题干或语篇素材会融入中外优秀文化元素（如传统节日习俗、文化礼仪差异）、正能量主题（如环保行动、互助精神），在考查语法的同时，引导学生树立正确价值观，提升跨文化意识。 4. 综合性增强：打破单一语法点的孤立考查，倾向于在同一题目或语篇中融合多个语法点。 5.梯度性鲜明：题目设置兼顾不同层次学生的能力水平，基础题侧重考查语法规则的基本应用，提升题则要求学生在复杂语境中灵活调整语法运用方式，体现 “分层考查、因材施教” 的命题理念。 知识点04 现在完成时 1. 构成 现在完成时是由“助动词have(has）+动词的过去分词”构成 1. 用法 （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在产生了某种影响或造成了某种结果。句中常有just, already, yet等副词修饰。(注意与一般过去时的区别) Have you had lunch yet? 你已经吃过午饭了吗？ Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的，我刚刚吃过。 （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。句中常有for（+时间段）或since（+时间点）引导的表示时间的状语。（注意与现在进行时态和过去进行时态的区别） He has taught here since 1981. 1. 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经历，一般意为汉语“.......过”，常带有twice, ever, never，three times等时间状语。 I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。 just 刚刚 肯定句，have/has 后 never 从来没有 否定句，have/has 后 ever 曾经 疑问句，have/has +主语+ever+过去分词 before 用于句末 yet 仍然 用于疑问句，否定句句末，或not之后 already 已经 肯定句，have/has 后或句末 so far 到目前为止 句首或句末 A 现在完成时中的since和for 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。 1 .for+时间段。表示“有（多长）一段时间了”。如： I have studied English for five years. 我学英语已有五年了。 2 since+时间点。表示“自从……以来”。 (1) since+过去一个时间点。如： 　 I have lived here since 2003. 我自从2003年以来就一直住这儿。 (2) since+时间段+ago。如： She has stayed in Guangzhou since three months ago. 她自三个月前就一直待在广州。 (3) since+从句（一般过去时）。如： Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city. 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。 (4) It is+时间段+since+从句（一般过去时）。如： It is 13 years since I began to live here. 我住这儿已有13年了。 B 现在完成时与一般过去时 一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但要注意以下区别： 1.现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生 一直持续到现在的动作。与特征词since, for, already, yet, ever, never, so far, up to now等连用。如： — Would you like to see the film with me? 你想和我一起去看这部电影吗？ — No. I’ve seen it twice. 不了，我已看了两遍了。（过去已看过，所以现在不想看了） 2.一般过去时强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。与具体的表示过去时间的状语（如：yesterday, last night）连用。如： I saw the film last night. 我昨晚看了那部电影。（仅是对过去事情的陈述） 【即时检测】 一、 用所给单词的适当时态和语态填空(综合训练题，本题更能检测学生语言运用能力。) 1. The student ___________(clean) the classroom now. 2. Light ____________(travel) much faster than sound. 3. Yesterday we _______________ (play) football after school. 4. Tom ___________________(use) computer every Saturday. 5. We _____________(paint) the house before we moved in. 6.Great changes _________ (take) place in our country during the past 20 years. 7.People 　　 (build) The bridge over the river three years ago.  8. I _____________ (see) the film three times. 9. His parents __________ (stay) in the countryside for over 50 days. 10. Sarah ______________ (borrow) five books from the library three days ago. 11. Sarah __________ (keep) the books since three days ago. 12 David __________ (be) interested in music when he was young. 13 David __________ (be) interested in music since he was young. 14.They __________ (finish) the work in two hours. 15. The room _________(look) very clean, Aunt Huang ___________(clean) it. 16. They ______________ (practise ) singing at that time 17. While he _____________ ( read ) , he _________ ( listen ) to the music yesterday. 18. She promised to help him and _________ (give)him three golden apples. 19.My aunt is a writer. She _______ (write)more than ten books since 2000. 20.The train _________(arrive) already. When _______ it ________(arrive)? I don’t know. 21.It _______________ ( rain ) when I went out yesterday. 22. He wanted to know if it ___________(rain) tomorrow. If it____________(rain) tomorrow, he ________(visit) his friends. 23.He __________(stay)here to study French in 2022. He _________(stay) here to study French since 2022. 【答案】1.is cleaning 2.travels 3.played 4.uses 5.painted 6.have taken place 7.built 8.have seen 9.have stayed 10.borrowed 11.has kept 12.was 13.has been 14.will finish 15.looks has cleaned 16.were practicing 17.was reading was listening 18.gave 19.has written 20.has arrived did arrive 21.was raining 22.would rain rains will visit 23.stayed has stayed 知识点05 If 引导的条件状语句 ◆◆引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if。 if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种（非真实条件句会在以后的虚拟语气中阐述），其引导的真实条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。 1) 如果 if 条件句讲述自然规律，肯定会发生的事情或客观事实，主句和if从句都用一般现在时态。（主现从现） If you take a fish out of water, it dies.如果把鱼从水中拿出，它会死。 2)  在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，谈论将来可能出现的情况时， （主现从现）If you put a piece of paper into water, it gets wet. 如果你把一张纸放进水中，它会变湿。 （主将从现）I’ll buy a car if I have enough money. 如果我有足够的钱， 我会买一辆车。 （主祈从现）Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话，请举手。 (主情从现) If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly. 如果我早早地到那里， 我就可以快点看病。 【注意】 此处if引导的从句，还可由 when， as soon as(一…就…), （not）…until （直到…才），unless(除非)来引导。 The traffic must stop when the light are red.当红灯亮时，交通必须停止。 I will go home as soon as it stops raining. 雨一停我就回家。 Please don’t leave the office until your friend comes back. 请不要离开直到你朋友回来。 　 Unless引导的条件状语从句 ◆◆unless引导的条件状语从句：unless= if …not “除非, 如果不” ① Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. = If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk. 我们出去散步吧，除非你太累 如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。 ③Unless it rains, the game will be played. = If it doesn’t rain, the game will be played. 除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。 ◆◆位置： 由if引导的条件状语从句，可放在主句前面或后面。 If we go to the beach, we need to take sun cream. = We need to take sun cream if we go to the beach. 如果我们去海滩，我们需要带上防晒霜。 【即时检测】 1. Our business won’t improve ____ we offer better service to our customers. A. because B. unless C. after D. since 【答案】B 【解析】句意：除非我们为顾客提供更好的服务，否则我们的生意就不会好转。because因为，引导原因状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句；after在…之后，引导时间状语从句；since自从，引导时间状语从句。根据主句Our business won’t improve以及从句中offer better service可知，从句中也应表示否定的意思，unless相当于if…not，“如果不”，符合句意，故选B。 2.—Let’s go climbing if it_________ this Saturday. — Good idea. But nobody knows if it _____ . A. is fine; rains B. is fine; will rain C. will be fine; rains D. will be fine; will rain 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——如果这个星期六天气好，我们去爬山吧。 ——好主意。但没人知道会不会下雨。第一个空if引导的是条件状语从句，因此从句用一般现在时表示将来，is fine；第二个空if引导的是宾语从句，根据第一句的时间状语this Saturday可知，要用一般将来时，一般将来时的构成是will+动词原形。故选B。 3. If you take the fish out the water, it ________. A. dies B. will die C. died D. is dying 【答案】A 【解析】句意：如果你把鱼从水里拿出来，它会死。这是一个表现普遍规律的，所以主句用一般现在时态；因主语是it单三，所以谓语动词用单数形式；故选A 1. If you _____ to join an educational exchange, you must apply for it first. A. want B. wanted C. wants D. wanting 【答案】A 【解析】句意：如果你想参加教育交流，你必须先申请。条件状语从句，“主情从现。” 5 .In hot weather, food goes bad easily ______ it is kept in the fridge. A. because B. if C. unless D. since 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在炎热的天气里，食物除非放在冰箱里，否则很容易变质。 质 。 A. because B. if C. unless D. since A.因为B.如果C.除非D.因为 自从。 6. If you heat ice, it_________ to water. A. will turn B. turn C. turns D. turning 【答案】C 【解析】条件句用于表达客观事实或普遍现象时，主、从句均用一般现在时（即“主现从现”） 7. They ____ the Great Wall unless it_______ . A. will visit; will rain B. will visit; rains C. visit; will rain D. visit; rains 【答案】B 【解析】句意：除非下雨，否则他们将参观长城。“主将从现” 8. If you want to have a chat, _________ me up A. calling B. call C. to call D. will call 【答案】B 【解析】如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时（即“主祈从现”） 9. I ________ her the answer if she ________ now. A. can tell; will ask B. will tell; will ask C. would tell; asks D. will tell; asks 【答案】D 【解析】句意：如果她现在问，我会告诉她答案。根据句意可知用将来时态，结构是will do；if引导的条件状语从句不用将来时态，用一般现在时态来代替；故选D 注意：1)主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。例如：If it rains, I will stay at home. 2)主句含有情态动词（must/may/can/etc.）从句为一般现在时态。例如：If you drive too fast, you may have an accident. 3)主句为祈使句，从句要用一般现在时态。例如：Don’t play computer games if you don’t finish your homework. 10. You _________ a toothache unless you _________ your teeth every day. A. will get; brush B. will get; will brush C. get; will brush D. get; brush 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你将会牙痛，除非你每天刷牙。根据句意可知用将来时态，结构是will do；unless 引导的条件状语从句不用将来时态，用一般现在时态来代替；故选A 知识点06 A 副词的用法 1 在英语中副词可以用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子 用法示例： ◦ 修饰动词（表方式）：She dances gracefully.（她优雅地跳舞。） ◦ 修饰形容词（表程度）：The flower is quite beautiful.（这朵花相当美丽。） ◦ 修饰副词（表程度）：He works rather hard.（他工作相当努力。） ◦ 修饰句子（表语气）：Luckily, we caught the last bus.（幸运的是，我们赶上了末班车。） 2 副词的分类 (1) 时间副词:ago, before, already, now, just, soon, then, yet, always, usually, often, sometimes, never, ever等。 (2)地点副词:here, there, in, out, back, home等。 (3)程度副词:very, much, only, quite, too, so, nearly, enough, hard, still等。 (4)疑问副词:when, where, how, why等。 (5)方式副词:quickly, slowly, carefully, loudly, strongly, badly, happily等。 3 形容词构成相应的副词的一般规律 形容词类型 构成相应副词的方法 举例 一般情况 在形容词后直接加 -ly quick — quickly slow — slowly 以y结尾的形容词 先将y改成i,再加 -ly happy — happily busy — busily 绝大多数以e结尾的形容词 直接加 -ly polite — politely wide — widely 少数以e结尾的形容词 要去掉e再加 -ly true — truly terrible — terribly 特殊情况 与形容词同形 early adj. — early adv. high adj. — high adv. 4 在英语中，有些词既可以作形容词，又可以作副词，如early, much, fast, late, hard, high, little, wide, loud等。 由于这类词词性虽不同，但词形却一样，这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。 单词 形容词释义 副词释义 daily 每日的 每日 early 早到的 提早 enough 足够的 足够地 far 较远的 远 fast 快的；迅速的 快速；迅速 hard ①努力的 ②难做的 ③坚硬的 ①努力地 ②猛烈地 high 高的 向高处；在高处 late 迟到 迟；晚 long 长时间的 长期地；长久地 low 低的；矮的 低；向下 well 健康 好 B 副词的比较级和最高级 副词的比较级和最高级的构成： 1 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-est。如：hard — harder — hardest; fast — faster — fastest 2 以字母e结尾的副词，直接加-r或-st。如： late — later — latest 3 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为 “i”，再加-er或-est。如：early — earlier — earliest 4 凡由形容词后加-ly构成的副词，前加more或 most。如： beautifully — more beautifully — most beautifully; clearly — more clearly — most clearly 5 不规则变化：well — better — best; badly — worse — worst; little — less — least; much — more — most; far — farther / further — farthest / furthest C 形容词&副词比较级及最高级常用句式 句型 意义 例句 as＋形容词/副词原级＋as 两者比较，程度相同。“as…as” This book is almost/nearly as thick as that one. You should drive as carefully as possible 如果形容词修饰单数可数名词，应用as＋形容词/副词原级＋a(n)＋可数名词单数形式＋as Tom is as good a person as his uncle. not as /so＋形容词/副词原级＋as 两者相比，一方不及另一方 I didn’t do my homework as carefully as you. 形容词/副词比较级+than 两者进行比较 The sun is bigger than the earth. She usually gets up earlier than others. 比较级＋and＋比较级 “越来越……”，多音节的用more and more＋形容词或副词原级 She is growing fatter and fatter. Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. the＋比较级， the＋比较级 “越……，越……”，如果“the＋比较级”修饰名词作定语，名词要紧跟在比较级之后 The busier the old man is, the happier he feels. The more money he gets, the more he wants. 具体数字(如倍数)+as… as … 是……的……倍 The city is two times as big as my hometown. 形容词最高级+介词短语(比较范围) (三者或三者以上)最…的 He is the tallest boy in our class. 他是我们班里最高的男孩。 副词最高级+介词短语(比较范围) (三者或三者以上)最…的 He works hardest in his class. 他是班上学习最用功的一个。 其他注意事项 （1）比较级的修饰词：比较级前面可以用much，a little，a bit, even，far等修饰词来加强或减弱比较的程度。 例：They speak even more clearly than the teacher.他们说得比老师还要清楚。 She runs much faster than him.她跑得比他快得多。 （2）最高级修饰词：通常用the，可省略。但在形容词的最高级前the不省略。 例：She runs fastest in the class. 她班上跑得最快。 It’s one of the most exciting movies this year.这是今年最令人兴奋的电影之一。 【即时检测】 用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. My class teacher is very kind and she always listens to my questions (patient) 【答案】patiently 【解析】句意：我的班主任老师非常和蔼，她总是耐心地听我的问题。根据“listens to my questions”可知，横线处需填副词修饰动词listens，patient“耐心的”，形容词，其副词形式为patiently。故填patiently。 2. What a pity! He played the violin (bad) of all the players. 【答案】worst 【解析】句意：太遗憾了！在所有演奏者中，他小提琴拉得最差。此处修饰动词应用副词，形容词bad的副词为badly；根据“of all the players”可知，此处表示“最糟糕，最差”，应用badly的最高级worst。故填worst。 3. The kids all behave (good) at school. 【答案】well 【解析】句意：孩子们在学校都表现得很好。根据“behave”可知，横线处需填副词修饰动词，good“好的”，形容词，其副词形式为well。故填well。 4. Tom has done his homework much (careful) than before. 【答案】more carefully 【解析】句意：汤姆做作业已经比以前仔细多了。根据“has done his homework”可知，此处用副词修饰动词done“做”，careful“仔细的”的副词为carefully；又由“than before”可知，此处应用比较级，所以用carefully的比较级more carefully“更仔细地”。故填more carefully。 5. There was little time left. We went to the bus station . (hurry) 【答案】hurriedly 【解析】句意：时间不多了。我们匆忙赶往汽车站。hurry“匆忙，急忙”，此处要用副词形式hurriedly“匆忙地”修饰动词went。故填hurriedly。 6. (actual), the city walk is a new type of travelling. 【答案】Actually 【解析】句意：实际上，城市漫步是一种新型的旅行方式。根据设空位置以及提示词可知，此处需要用副词修饰整个句子，actually表示“实际上”。位于句首，首字母要大写，故填Actually。 7. Some people are talented. They are always good at something. (true) 【答案】truly 【解析】句意：有些人确实有才华。他们总是擅长某件事。根据“Some people are...talented.”可知，此处需要副词修饰形容词“talented”，true的副词为“truly”。故填truly。 8. I am so sorry that I (complete) forgot her name. 【答案】completely 【解析】句意：我很抱歉我完全忘记了她的名字。此处需修饰动词forgot，要用副词形式，complete的副词为completely。故填completely。 9. Who did in math, Tony, Jim or Tom? (well) 【答案】best/the best 【解析】句意：谁数学最好，托尼、吉姆还是汤姆？根据“Tony, Jim or Tom”可知此处是三人进行比较，修饰动词did，用副词的最高级best，最高级前可加定冠词the，也可不加。故填(the) best。 10. My grandma has made some bread, and it is (fresh) made. 【答案】freshly 【解析】句意：我奶奶做了一些面包，而且是新鲜制作的。空格处需修饰动词“made”，用所给词的副词形式freshly“刚刚，新近”。故填freshly。 11. Tim was (bad) ill and he had to be absent from school for about a month. 【答案】badly 【解析】句意：蒂姆病得很重，他不得不缺课大约一个月。“bad”是形容词，表示“坏的”。在这个句子中，需要用一个词来修饰形容词“ill”（生病的），表示生病的程度。在英语中，通常用副词来修饰形容词，表示程度或方式。因此，这里需要将“bad”转换为副词形式“badly”，表示“严重地”。故填badly。 12. (Personal), I like chocolate ice cream the best. 【答案】Personally 【解析】句意：就我个人而言，我最喜欢巧克力冰淇淋。根据“..., I like chocolate ice cream the best.”可知，此处需用副词形式作状语来修饰整个句子，personal变为personally“就个人而言”，首字母要大写。故填Personally。 13. Our school had the welcome party for the new students in Grade Seven (success). 【答案】successfully 【解析】句意：我们学校成功地为七年级的新生举办了欢迎会。分析句子“Our school had the welcome party for the new students in Grade Seven…”，结合所给词可知，success“成功”，名词，此处应填入其副词形式successfully，修饰动词had，意为“成功地”，表达我们学校成功地为七年级的新生举办了欢迎会。故填successfully。 14. Emma always sings (loud) than her sister. 【答案】louder 【解析】句意：Emma唱歌总是比她妹妹声音更大。根据“than”可知，此处应用副词loud的比较级形式louder，表示“更大声地”。故填louder。 15. Who lives (far) from school, Anna or Daisy? 【答案】farther 【解析】句意：安娜和黛西，谁住得离学校更远？根据“Anna or Daisy”可知，此处是在两者之间比较距离，需用far的比较级，farther符合。故填farther。 16. My father takes my grades as as my teachers do. (serious) 【答案】seriously 【解析】句意：我父亲像我的老师一样认真对待我的成绩。serious“严肃的”，形容词；“as...as”结构中，需要使用形容词或副词的原级；此处应用副词修饰动词takes，seriously“严肃地”，是副词；take sth. seriously表示“认真对待某事”。故填seriously。 词，其最高级形式为highest。故填highest。 17. Would you please walk much (quietly) next time when you enter the room? 【答案】more quietly 【解析】句意：下次你进入房间的时候，能走得更安静些吗？句中“much”是修饰比较级的标志词，意为“……得多”；此处应用副词quietly的比较级形式more quietly，修饰动词“walk”。故填more quietly。 18. English is one of the used languages in the world. (widely) 【答案】most widely 【解析】句意：英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。该句用副词widely“广泛地”，修饰“used”，结合“in the world”可知，填最高级“most widely”。故填most widely。 基础通关（测试时间：15分钟） 1. Although he worked  ________, he  ________  understood his teacher’s words. A. hardly, hardly B. hard, hard C. hardly, hard D. hard, hardly 【答案】D 【解析】句意：尽管他努力学习，但他几乎听不懂老师的话。 考查副词辨析。hard作副词时，意为“努力地”；hardly几乎不。由句中“worked”可知，此句是说他努力工作，第一空用hard，work hard努力工作；由“Although”可知，后句是说但他几乎听不懂老师的话，第二空用hardly表示否定含义，故选D。 2. Strangely, the boys in our class can sing ________ than the girls. A. more beautiful B. much beautifully C. much more beautifully D. a little more beautiful 【答案】C 【解析】句意：奇怪的是，我们班的男生比女生唱得好听多了。 考查副词的比较级。beautiful出色的，形容词；beautifully出色地，副词。此处修饰动词sing，应用副词beautifully；由than可知应是比较级，much后加beautifully的比较级more beautifully。故选C。 3. Lily is a(n) ________ student. She answers the teachers’ questions ________ in her class. A. active; more actively B. more actively; more active C. more active; the most actively D. active; the most actively 【答案】D 【解析】句意：Lily是一个积极的学生。她在课堂上最积极地回答老师的问题。 考查比较级和最高级。active积极的，形容词；more active更积极的，形容词比较级；more actively更积极地，副词比较级；the most actively最积极地，副词最高级。第一空是描述Lily是一个积极的学生，没有比较含义，用形容词原级；第二空根据“in her class”可知，三者之间的比较用最高级。D选项符合题意，故选D。 4. When you walk ________ at night, why don’t you sing ________ to make yourself brave? A. alone; loud B. lonely; quietly C. lonely; loudly D. alone; quiet 【答案】A 【解析】句意：当你晚上独自行走时，为什么不放声歌唱让自己勇敢起来呢？ 考查副词的用法和副词辨析。alone独自；lonely孤独的；loud响亮地；quietly安静地；loudly大声地；quiet安静的。根据“walk...at night”可知是独自行走，修饰动词用副词alone；根据“sing...to make yourself brave”可知是放声歌唱让自己勇敢，修饰动词sing用副词loud，sing loud“放声歌唱”。故选A。 5. Don’t just believe the advertisement. That medicine doesn’t work________ it says. A. as better as B. as good as C. so better as D. so well as 【答案】D 【解析】句意：别只相信广告。那种药并不像广告说的那样有效。 考查原级比较结构。as...as...表示“和……一样”，用于肯定句；so...as...用于否定句，两者中间均需接形容词或副词原级。此处修饰动词“work”，需用副词；good是形容词，well是副词，故选D。 6. The ________ you listen to teachers in class, the ________ your understanding of lessons will be. A. more careful; better B. more carefully; clearer C. more carefully; easier D. more careful; deeper 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你在课堂上听老师讲课越仔细，你对课程的理解就越清晰。 考查比较级用法。根据“The ... you listen to teachers in class, the ... your understanding of lessons will be.”可知，此处考查“the +比较级，the+ 比较级”结构，意为“越……，越……”；第一空，修饰动词短语“listen to”，需用副词carefully的比较级more carefully，排除A和D；第二空，应用形容词clearer搭配“understanding”，表示对课程的理解更清晰，clearer在句中作系动词“be”的表语。故选B。 7. Lucy works ________ than her brother, but she is not ________ student in her class. A. more hardly; the hardest B. more harder; the most hardly C. harder; harder D. harder; the hardest 【答案】D 【解析】句意：露西比她哥哥学习更努力，但她不是班上最努力的学生。 考查形容词/副词比较级与最高级。hardly几乎不，副词；hard努力地，副词/努力的，形容词。第一空根据“Lucy works ... than her brother”可知，此处表示“更努力”，用副词hard比较级harder。第二空根据“but she is not ... student in her class”可知，此处用the+形容词最高级hardest。故选D。 8. —Frank sings as ________ as Bill. —Yes, but I think Bill sings ________ of all. A. beautiful; most beautiful B. beautifully; most beautifully C. beautifuly; most beautifully D. beautiful; most beautifully 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——弗兰克唱歌和比尔一样优美。——是的，但我认为比尔在所有人中唱得最优美。 考查副词的原级和最高级。根据“as...as”以及选项可知，需用副词原级修饰动词sings，故第一空填beautifully；根据“of all”以及选项可知，需用副词最高级修饰动词sings，故第二空填most beautifully。故选B。 9. If Linda ________ back, ________ her the good news. A. come; telling B. comes; tell C. come; tells D. comes; to tell 【答案】B 【解析】句意：如果琳达回来了，告诉她这个好消息。 考查状语从句和祈使句。在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时表将来。主语“Linda”是第三人称单数，因此从句谓语用“comes”；主句为祈使句，应用动词原形“tell”。故选B。 10. We will have a class trip to the science museum _________ the weather is good this Friday. A. if B. because C. though D. until 【答案】A 【解析】句意：如果这周五天气好，我们将去科学博物馆进行班级旅行。 考查连词辨析。if如果；because因为；though虽然；until直到。根据“... the weather is good this Friday.”可知，天气好是旅行的条件，表示条件关系，if符合句意。故选A。 11. I really don’t know if he ________ tomorrow. If he ________, please tell me. A. comes, will come B. comes, comes C. will come, comes D. will come, will come 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我不知道他明天是否来。如果他来，请告诉我。 考查动词时态。分析句子结构，前句为if引导的宾语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句不限制时态，再结合时间状语tomorrow“明天”可知，从句时态应为一般将来时，其结构为“will do sth.”；后句为if引导的条件状语从句，从句时态应用一般现在时，且从句主语he为第三人称单数形式，应用其对应的动词三单形式comes作谓语。故选C。 12. If it ________ tomorrow, we will go for a picnic in the park. A. doesn’t rain B. didn’t rain C. won’t rain D. isn’t raining 【答案】A 【解析】句意：如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园野餐。 考查条件状语从句。在if引导的条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来；从句应是表示“如果明天不下雨”，主语it为第三人称单数，谓语动词rain为实义动词，一般现在时否定句需借助助动词doesn’t，后加动词原形。故选A。 13. —Why are you so excited? —Because my parents ________ me to visit the Maritime Museum next weekend. A. promise B. promised C. will promise D. have promised 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你为什么这么兴奋？——因为我父母已经答应我下周末去参观海事博物馆。 考查动词时态辨析。根据“so excited”可知，“答应”的动作已经发生，且对现在的情绪产生了影响，现在完成时符合语境，说明父母的承诺让“我”现在很兴奋。故选D。 14. —I can’t find my book, Mum. ________ you ________ it anywhere? —I ________ it on your bed a few minutes ago. A. Did, see; saw B. Did, see; have seen C. Have, seen; saw D. Have, seen; have seen 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——妈妈，我找不到我的书了。你在哪儿见过它吗？——我几分钟前看见它在你的床上。 考查动词时态。根据“I can’t find my book, Mum.”可知，找不到书，询问妈妈是否“看到过”这本书，动作发生在过去，但对现在造成了影响，应用现在完成时“have/has done”，主语为you，助动词用have，所以第一空填Have，第二空填seen；再根据“a few minutes ago”可知，第三空的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，所以第三空应填saw。故选C。 15. —Tom, have you finished your work ________? —Yes. I have ________ finished it. A. just; already B. yet; already C. already; yet D. yet; yet 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——汤姆，你已经完成你的工作了吗？——是的，我已经完成它了。 考查副词词义辨析。just刚刚；yet已经/还，用于疑问句末尾（表询问“是否已完成”）或否定句末尾（表“尚未完成”）；already已经，用于肯定句，强调动作“已完成”。根据“have you finished your work”可知，第一空为疑问句，用yet；根据“I have”可知，第二空为肯定句，用already。故选B。 16. I enjoy playing football. I ________ football since I was five years old. A. play B. have played C. am playing D. will play 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我喜欢踢足球。我从五岁起就踢足球了。 考查现在完成时。根据“since”可知，此处表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作，时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。故选B。 17. —Look! Jack ________ 250 soft toys in total so far. —Wow. Now I know how much he loves them. A. will collect B. was collecting C. has collected D. is collecting 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——看！到目前为止Jack已经收集了总共250个毛绒玩具。——哇。现在我知道他有多喜欢它们了。 考查时态。根据时间状语“so far”可知，表示过去发生且持续到现在的动作，“总共收集了 250 个毛绒玩具”，对应后文“知道他多喜欢”的语境，用现在完成时“has collected”。故选C。 18. Great changes ________ in China since the Open Door Policy was carried out. A. had doubled B. have doubled C. will have doubled D. will double 【答案】B 【解析】句意：自开放政策实施以来，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。 考查动词时态。had doubled过去完成时；have doubled现在完成时；will have doubled将来完成时；will double一般将来时。根据“since the Open Door Policy was carried out”以及选项可知，应用现在完成时，表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作。故选B。 19. My aunt isn’t here. She ________ Beijing on business. She will be back in three days. A. went B. has gone to C. has been to D. will go to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我的阿姨不在这里。她已经去北京出差了。她将在三天后回来。 考查动词的时态。went去，过去式；has gone to已经去了某地（未回）；has been to曾经去过某地（已回）；will go to将去。根据“My aunt isn’t here. She...Beijing on business. She will be back in three days.”可知，她目前不在且未返回，此处应用现在完成时中的has gone to。故选B。 20. Although Lucy ________ the Great Wall, she still plans to visit it again. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been away 【答案】A 【解析】句意：尽管露西已经去过长城，但她仍然计划再去游览一次。 考查现在完成时和短语辨析。has been to去过，已返回；has gone to去了，未返回；has been in待在，某地一段时间；has been away离开，表状态。根据“she still plans to visit it again”可知，这里表示露西已经去过长城且已返回，has been to符合语境。故选A。 重难易混易错突破（测试时间：10分钟） 1. 副词 1. Sam doesn’t write ________ Mary, but his maths is ________ than hers. A. as good as; well B. as good as; best C. as well as; good D. as well as; better 【答案】D 【解析】句意：萨姆写得不如玛丽好，但他的数学比她好。 考查形容词、副词的原级和比较级用法。as good as和……一样好，形容词原级；well好地，副词原级；best最好的，形容词最高级；as well as和……一样好，副词原级；good好的，形容词原级；better更好的，形容词比较级。根据“write”是动词，需用副词修饰，第一空用“as well as”；再根据“than”提示第二空用比较级，“better”符合语境，指萨姆的数学比玛丽更好。故选D。 2. The ________ you listen to teachers in class, the ________ your understanding of lessons will be. A. more careful; better B. more carefully; clearer C. more carefully; easier D. more careful; deeper 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你在课堂上听老师讲课越仔细，你对课程的理解就越清晰。 考查比较级用法。根据“The ... you listen to teachers in class, the ... your understanding of lessons will be.”可知，此处考查“the +比较级，the+ 比较级”结构，意为“越……，越……”；第一空，修饰动词短语“listen to”，需用副词carefully的比较级more carefully，排除A和D；第二空，应用形容词clearer搭配“understanding”，表示对课程的理解更清晰，clearer在句中作系动词“be”的表语。故选B。 3. —Who sings ________, you or Jack? —Jack, but I dance ________ than him! A. more loudly; better B. loudly; well C. more loudly; good D. loudly; better 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——谁唱得更大声，你还是杰克？——杰克，但我跳舞跳得比他好！ 考查副词比较级。根据“you or Jack”及“than”可知两处都是两者作比较，都用副词比较级。故选A。 4. Jim is talented in drawing. He draws ________ in his family. A. the most beautifully B. the most beautiful C. more beautifully D. more beautiful 【答案】A 【解析】句意：吉姆在绘画方面很有天赋。他是他家里画得最漂亮的。 考查副词的最高级。the most beautifully最漂亮地，副词最高级；the most beautiful最漂亮的，形容词最高级；more beautifully更漂亮地，副词比较级；more beautiful更漂亮的，形容词比较级。此处修饰动词draws，用副词，根据“in his family”可知他是他家里画得最漂亮的，用副词最高级。故选A。 5. Are you sure he practiced ________ times as the other members? He dances worse than ________ in the team. A. as many; any other member B. as much; any member C. more; any of the other members D. more; all the members 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你确定他练习的次数和其他成员一样多吗？他跳舞比队里其他人都差。 考查原级和“副词比较级+than any other+名词单数”的用法。“times”（次数）是可数名词，可排除B项，much修饰不可数名词；根据“…times as the other members”可知，此处为原级比较，可排除C项和D项，根据第二个空后的“in the team”可知，当比较对象是同一团队时，需排除自己，以避免逻辑错误，第二个空用any other member。故选A。 6. —As it is getting dark, the streets in this town become ________ empty. — Well, the town is very small and many people go to work in big cities now. A. still B. already C. almost D. just 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——随着天渐渐黑了，这个城镇的街道变得几乎空了。——嗯，这个城镇很小，现在很多人去大城市工作了。 考查副词辨析。still仍然；already已经；almost几乎；just仅仅。根据“the town is very small and many people go to work in big cities now”可知，城镇小且很多人去大城市工作，所以街道几乎空了。故选C。 7. —Peter has worked for our community as a volunteer for ________ ten years. —What a nice person he is! A. really B. nearly C. slowly D. hardly 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——彼得作为志愿者在我们社区工作了将近十年。——他真是个好人！ 考查副词辨析。really真正地；nearly将近，几乎；slowly缓慢地；hardly几乎不。根据“ten years”可知，此处说的是将近十年。故选B。 8. — There are many cars on the roads. — Yes. They use ________ oil and cause ________ serious pollution. A. so much; such B. so much; so C. so many; so D. so many; such 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——马路上有很多汽车。——是的。它们用如此多的油，也造成如此严重的污染。 考查so much，so many，so和such 辨析。so much如此多的，修饰不可数名词；so many如此多的，修饰可数名词复数；so如此的，修饰形容词或副词；such如此的，修饰名词。oil“石油”，是不可数名词，第一空应用so much，意为“如此多的油”；而第二空后pollution“污染”，是不可数名词，应用such修饰，意为“如此严重的污染”。故选A。 9. It’s raining so ________ that the driver can ________ see anything 10 meters away. He can’t be too careful! A. hard; hard B. hardly; hardly C. hard; hardly D. hardly; hard 【答案】C 【解析】句意：雨下得很大，司机几乎看不到十米以外的任何东西。他再小心也不为过！ 考查副词辨析和副词的用法。hard作形容词，意为“困难的”，作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”；hardly是副词，意为“几乎不”。第一空应填副词hard，修饰动词raining，表示“雨下得大”；第二空应填hardly，表示“几乎看不到任何东西”。故选C。 10. If you take this exam ________, you will get good grades for sure. A. serious enough B. enough serious C. seriously enough D. enough seriously 【答案】C 【解析】句意：如果你足够认真地对待这次考试，你肯定会取得好成绩的。 考查enough的用法和副词辨析。serious认真的，形容词；seriously认真地，副词。根据语境可知，此处是指足够认真地对待考试，应该用副词seriously修饰动词take；enough作副词时，要放在它所修饰的形容词、副词后面。故选C。 2. 条件状语从句的时态（主将从现，主现从先，主祈从现，主情从现） 2.—Let’s go climbing if it_________ this Saturday. — Good idea. But nobody knows if it _____ . A. is fine; rains B. is fine; will rain C. will be fine; rains D. will be fine; will rain 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——如果这个星期六天气好，我们去爬山吧。 ——好主意。但没人知道会不会下雨。第一个空if引导的是条件状语从句，因此从句用一般现在时表示将来，is fine；第二个空if引导的是宾语从句，根据第一句的时间状语this Saturday可知，要用一般将来时，一般将来时的构成是will+动词原形。故选B。 3. If you take the fish out the water, it ________. A. dies B. will die C. died D. is dying 【答案】A 【解析】句意：如果你把鱼从水里拿出来，它会死。这是一个表现普遍规律的，所以主句用一般现在时态；因主语是it单三，所以谓语动词用单数形式；故选A 1. If you _____ to join an educational exchange, you must apply for it first. A. want B. wanted C. wants D. wanting 【答案】A 【解析】句意：如果你想参加教育交流，你必须先申请。条件状语从句，“主情从现。” 6. If you heat ice, it_________ to water. A. will turn B. turn C. turns D. turning 【答案】C 【解析】条件句用于表达客观事实或普遍现象时，主、从句均用一般现在时（即“主现从现”） 7. They ____ the Great Wall unless it_______ . A. will visit; will rain B. will visit; rains C. visit; will rain D. visit; rains 【答案】B 【解析】句意：除非下雨，否则他们将参观长城。“主将从现” 8. If you want to have a chat, _________ me up A. calling B. call C. to call D. will call 【答案】B 【解析】如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时（即“主祈从现”） 3.现在完成时中时间状语的用法 用just, already, yet, ever填空。 1. Have you been to Japan? 1. I have finished my homework. 1. I have finished my homework . 1. I haven’t finished my homework . 【答案】1.ever 2.already /just 3.already 4.yet 4.现在完成时与一般过去时区别 1.I have been in China ____ 1997. A. since B. for C. in D. until 【解析】A 【答案】现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。since+时间点。表示“自从……以来”。(1) since+过去一个时间点。如；第一题：答案选A （ 2) since+从句（一般过去时）如：Mr. Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city. 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。 2. I have studied English _________ five years. A. since B. for C. in D. until 【解析】 B 【答案】现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。for+时间段。表示“有（多长）一段时间了” 3. Miss Brown has been a member of our club since she ______ to Guangzhou. A. comes B. come C. came D. has come 【答案】C 【解析】since 引导的从句，一般表示过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。主句用现在完成时。 4. — I ____ my homework yet. How about you, Jack? — Oh, I _____ it a moment ago. 　A. didn’t do; finish B. haven’t done; finished C. haven’t done; have finished D. don’t do; finish 【答案】B 【解析】现在完成时表示“过去的动作对现在的结果或影响。”动作虽然发生在过去但是与现在有关联，强调的是现在的结果或影响，它的落点在说现在的事情。而一般过去式只“单纯提及曾经发生过某事”与现在无联系。因此现在完成时态不可以与具体的过去时间状语连用。如：yesterday 3 days ago last week等，本题：我没有做完家庭作业（现在还未完成）。第二句：a moment ago 过去的时间状语，只能用一般过去时。故答案选：B 5 .Her grandfather _____ for four years. A. died　 B. has died　 C. has been dead　 D. has been died 【答案】C 【解析】现在完成时态：表示过去的动作持续到现在。非延续性动词join，leave come die go borrow buy 等不可以与一段时间状语连用。die 非延续性动词不可以与一段时间状语连用。用表示状态的词：be dead （是死的）故选C 6. — Lucy has visited the Great Wall. 　 — Really? When __________ it? 　　A. will she visit B. did she visit C. does she visit D. has she visited 【答案】B 【解析】请看上面第8题解析。注意：when 是较具体时间状语。不可以与现在完成连用。 5.have（has）been in（at） have（has） been to, have(has) gone to 1. —Danny, where’s your father? —Oh, he ________ Beijing on business for over a week. He’ll be back soon. A. has been in B. went to C. has gone to D. has been to 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——丹尼，你父亲在哪里？——哦，他在北京出差已经一个多星期了。他很快就会回来。 考查现在完成时。has been in去了某地，还在那里；went to去；has gone to去了某地，未回；has been to去过某地，已回。根据“he ... Beijing on business for over a week. He’ll be back soon.”可知，他去北京出差已经一周了，表示“去了北京且还在”，强调从过去持续到现在的状态，与“for over a week”表示一段时间的状语匹配。故选A。 2. My family ________ Beijing twice to climb the Great Wall. A. have been in B. have been C. have been to D. have gone to 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我的家人去过北京两次爬长城。 考查动词短语辨析。have been in表示“在某地停留过”；have been不完整；have been to表示“去过某地（已返回）”；have gone to表示“去了某地（未返回）”。根据“twice”及句意可知，强调“去过北京两次”且已返回，故选C。 3. —Where is your father? I need to talk to him. —Sorry, he ________ Beijing. He’ll be back next week. By the way, I ________ Beijing before, and I ________ there for five years. A. have gone to; have been to; has been in B. has gone to; have been in; have gone to C. has gone to; have been to; have been D. have been to; has gone to; has been in 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你爸爸在哪儿？我得跟他谈谈。——对不起，他去北京了。他下周会回来。顺便说一下，我以前去过北京，我在那里待了五年。 考查现在完成时。第一空根据“Sorry, he … Beijing. He’ll be back next week.”可知，这里表示父亲去了北京但还未返回，主语是第三人称单数，因此用has gone to；第二空根据“By the way, I … Beijing before,”可知，这里表示曾经去过北京，现已返回，应使用have been to；第三空根据“and I … there for five years.”可知，这里表示过去在北京停留了五年的时间段，强调状态的持续，应使用have been后接地点副词there。故选C。 4. —Excuse me. Where’s Mr Hu? —Oh, he _______ the canteen for lunch. He’ll be back soon. A. goes to B. has gone to C. went to D. has been to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——打扰一下，胡先生在哪里？——哦，他去食堂吃午饭了，很快就会回来。 考查现在完成时的用法。goes to一般现在时，表示习惯性动作；has gone to现在完成时，表示去了，但还未回来，强调对现在的影响；went to一般过去时，仅表示过去的动作，不强调对现在的影响；has been to现在完成时，去过某地（已返回）。根据“Where’s Mr Hu...he...the canteen for lunch. He’ll be back soon”可知胡先生去食堂的动作发生在过去，但对现在造成影响（目前人不在场），需用现在完成时“has gone to”（表示已去某地且未返回）。故选B。 真题链接（测试时间：10分钟） （24-25·番禺区期末） 1. Since I ________ helping as a volunteer in the school library last term, I _______ both reading books and helping others. A. start; enjoyed B. have started; have enjoyed C. have started; enjoyed D. started; have enjoyed 【答案】D 【解析】句意：自从我上学期开始在学校图书馆做志愿者以来，我既喜欢读书，也喜欢帮助别人。 考查动词时态。第一空，根据“last term”可知，从句时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式started；第二空，“I ... both reading books and helping others”是主句，根据 “since”引导从句的时态规则，主句要用现在完成时，其结构为have/has +过去分词；主语为“I”，助动词应用“have”，动词“enjoy”的过去分词是“enjoyed”。故选D。 2. Lisa has been an animal trainer ________ nearly twenty years ________ 2004. A. since; for B. for; since C. since; since D. for; for 【答案】B 【解析】句意：Lisa在2004年当动物驯养员已经将近20年了。 考查介词用法。since自从，后跟时间点；for后跟时间段，表示持续了一段时间。根据“nearly twenty years”可知，其表示一段时间，需介词for；根据“2004”可知为时间点，需用since。故选B。 3. After working hard on his project for several weeks, Li Ming has ________ improved a lot, and he has ________ given up when meeting problems. A. already; never B. ever; already C. yet; never D. ever; yet 【答案】A 【解析】句意：经过几周的努力工作，李明已经取得了很多进步，遇到困难时，他从未放弃过。 考查副词用法。already已经，常用于肯定句；never从不，常用于句中；ever曾经；yet尚且，还，用于否定句，常用于句末。根据“After working hard on his project for several weeks, Li Ming has...improved a lot”可知，经过努力工作，李明已经取得了进步，需用于肯定句的already；根据“...given up...”可知，他“从未”放弃过，需副词never。故选A。 （24-25·越秀区期末） 1. — When ________ you ________ skiing on the mountains in the French Alps? — Three years ago. I ________ that special experience so far. A. did; learn; have not forgotten B. did; learn; didn’t forget C. have; learnt; have not forgotten D. have; learnt; didn’t forget 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你什么时候在法国阿尔卑斯山学习滑雪？——三年前。到目前为止，我还没有忘记那次特殊的经历。 考查动词时态。根据回答“Three years ago.”可知，问句应该用一般过去时，助动词用did，动词learn用原形。时间状语so far意为“到目前为止”，表示从过去到现在，应用现在完成时，其构成为“have/has+过去分词”，主语是1，助动词用have，否定形式为have not后接过去分词forgotten。故选A。 2. —Have you ever ________ Paris? —Yes. I ________ there in July to see the opening ceremony of the 2024 Paris Olympics. A. gone to; have gone B. been to; have gone C. been to; went D. gone to; went 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你去过巴黎吗？——去过，我在七月去那里观看2024巴黎奥运会开幕式。 考查动词的时态。have been to去过，现在完成时 (去了回来了)；have gone to去了，现在完成时 (去了没回来)；went去过，一般过去时。第一空，根据“Have you ever … Paris?”可知，此处表达“去过”的意思，所以用have been to，排除A和D选项；第二空，根据“the opening ceremony of the 2024 Paris Olympics.”可知，要用一般过去时，所以填went，排除B选项。故选C。 8. You ________ her if she ________ you to do so. A. had better not to call; doesn’t allow B. had better not call; won’t allow C. had better not to call; can’t allow D. had better not call; doesn’t allow 【答案】D 【解析】句意：如果她不允许，你最好不要给她打电话。 考查动词短语和时态。had better not do sth“最好不要做某事”，第一个空填had better not call，排除选项A和C；此句为if引导的条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”。第二个空位于从句，时态为一般现在时，空处位于第三人称单数she后，用三单形式的doesn’t allow。故选D。 （24-25·广大附中期末） 1. I don’t do my homework ________ my sister. A. as careful as B. as quick as C. carefully than D. as carefully as 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我做作业不如我姐姐仔细。 考查“as...as”结构的用法。as careful as和……一样仔细，careful为形容词；as quick as和……一样快，quick为形容词；carefully than结构错误；as carefully as和……一样仔细，carefully为副词。“as…as”结构用于同级比较，中间需用形容词或副词原级。此处修饰动词“do”，需用“as+副词原级+as”结构，即as carefully as正确。故选D。 2. ________ you go to the library this weekend, remember to call me. A. As B. Though C. If D. Because 【答案】C 【解析】句意：如果你这个周末去图书馆，记得给我打电话。 考查连词的用法。As因为，当……时；Though虽然；If如果；Because因为。根据“…you go to the library this weekend, remember to call me.”的语境可知，此处表示条件关系，if符合。故选C。 3. If Linda ________ back, ________ her the good news. A. come; telling B. comes; tell C. come; tells D. comes; to tell 【答案】B 【解析】句意：如果琳达回来了，告诉她这个好消息。 考查状语从句和祈使句。在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时表将来。主语“Linda”是第三人称单数，因此从句谓语用“comes”；主句为祈使句，应用动词原形“tell”。故选B。 4. —Our teachers always tell us _______ we do our homework, _______ mistakes we will make. —I can’t agree more. A. the more careful; the fewer B. the more carefully; the fewer C. the more carefully; the less D. the more careful; the less 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我们的老师总是告诉我们，做作业越认真，犯的错误就越少。——我完全同意。 考查比较级。第一空所在句中的“do our homework”是动词短语，需用副词修饰，carefully“认真地”，第一个空用“the more carefully”；第二空后的“mistakes”是可数名词复数，“less”（更少的）仅修饰不可数名词，“fewer”（更少的）修饰可数名词复数，故用“the fewer”。故选B。 5. Chinese tea culture ________ to many countries around the world since the 17th century. A. spreads B. spread C. has spread D. will spread 【答案】C 【解析】句意：自17世纪以来，中国茶文化已经传播到世界上许多国家。 考查动词时态辨析。根据“since the 17th century”可知，这里需要用现在完成时，has spread符合语境，说明从过去持续到现在的传播状态。故选C。 6. Mr. Brown has taught us English ________ two years. He has been here ________ two years ago. A. for; since B. since; for C. for; for D. since; since 【答案】A 【解析】句意：布朗先生教我们英语已经两年了。他从两年前就一直在这里。 考查现在完成时中for和since的用法。现在完成时中，for后接一段时间，since后接过去的时间点。第一空“two years”是一段时间，用for；第二空“two years ago”是过去的时间点，用since。故选A。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $