Unit7 The natural world第2课时 Reading （知识详解+课堂练习）-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

2024译林版八年级Unit7 The natural world Reading（知识详解+课堂练习） 1. An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area.生态系统包括一个地区的所有生物和非生物。 【知识详解】include 动词，意为“包括”，强调一个整体包含着若干个独立部分,或者一个东西包含着另一个东西的一部分。including 是include的动名词形式,但通常独立用作介词,意为“包括……在内”，常和前面的内容用逗号隔开。 例如：1 .Our group includes Tom and Tim. There are altogether 8 students. Ten friends went to her birthday party, including me. 2.It covers around 71% of the earth's surface and produces about 70% of the earth's oxygen.它覆盖了地球表面约71%的面积，产生了地球上约70%的氧气。【知识详解】around 作副词,意为“大约”，用于表示数量、时间、年龄等的不确切或近似数。 around 还可以作介词，意为“在……周围”look around 意为“环视;向四周看 例如：现在有超过20 种鸟生活在这条河流的周围。 Now, there are more than 20 kinds of birds living around the river. 3.It holds plenty of salt water, and the water rises to the sky, falls onto the land and then returns to the ocean.它含有大量的盐水,水上升到天空,落在陆地上,然后回到海洋。 【知识详解】(1)hold v.容纳;拿着;举行 【拓展】 hold 作动词，有以下几种意义: ①容纳:指某个空间的大小能装下一些人或物; ②拿着:指用手拿着某些物品; ③举行:指举行会议或活动; ④承载、支撑:指承载某种物体的重量。 hold on 别挂断电话;稍等 hold off= put off 推迟 例如:The room can hold 200 people.这个房间可以容纳200人。 He held a pen in one hand and a ruler in the other.他一只手拿着钢笔另一只手拿着尺子。 We’ll hold a sports meeting next week.下周我们要举行运动会 Hold on, please.I’ll get my friend.请别挂断，我去叫我的朋友。 They decided to hold of(推迟) the meeting until next Sunday. (2) return 作动词,意为“返回;回去,回来”, 【常用短语】return to +地点,意为“返回某地” return 还可以表示“归还”,构成短语:return sth.to sb.把某物归还给某人 例如:He returned to his hometown after many years.多年以后他返回了家乡。 You must return the book to the library before Monday.周一以前你必须把书还给图书馆。 4. Wetlands can also help prevent floods.湿地也有助于防止洪水。 【知识详解】prevent 作动词,意为“防止,阻止”,后面可以直接加名词或代词作宾语prevent sb. from doing sth.是其常用短语，意为“阻止某人做某事” 例如:We tried to prevent him, but we failed.我们试图阻止他，可是没有成功。 The rain prevented us from going out to play.雨阻止了我们外出玩耍。 5.During heavy rains, wetlands store water like giant sponges.在大雨期间，湿地像巨大的海绵一样储存水。 【知识详解】store 作动词,意为“贮存;存储”,后面可以直接接名词作宾语。 store up 意为“储存;积累” 例如:The pond stores much rainwater in summer.这个池塘夏天储存很多雨水。 store 还可以作名词，意为“商店;仓库” 例如:You can see a book store across from the bank.在银行对面你可以看到一家书店。 5. They act like the“kidneys”of the earth.它们就像“地球的肾脏” 【知识详解】act 可作不及物动词,意为“起作用;行动”,也可作及物动词,意为“扮演”主要表示以下意义: (1) 起作用:表示某种东西或话语对另一种东西或某人产生影响; (2)行动:表示采取行动来解决问题或实现目标; (3)表现:表示人的行为方式,描述人的举止或态度; (4)扮演:表示在戏剧或电影中扮演某个角色。 take action 采取行动act as 充当;担任 6. They also trap harmful things in their leaves and help clean the air.它们还能在叶子中捕获有害物质，帮助清洁空气。If we don't, the plastic will harm the balance of the ocean ecosystem.如果我们不这样做,塑料将破坏海洋生态系统的平衡。 【知识详解】harm可作动词或名词,意为“伤害,损害”,其形容词形式是harmful,意为“有害的” 【常用短语】do harm to 意为“对……有害”(harm 是名词) be harmful to 意“对……有害”。 例如： Many people worry that too much screen time will harm their children. 2.Fire is harmful . Keep your children away from it. 7.Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean.江地中的植物有助于消除污染,使水变得清洁 【知识详解】get rid of意为“清除;摆脱;丢弃”,表示清除某种不良影响;摆脱某人或某种困境;丢弃不想要的物品等。 例如:The cleaners are getting rid of the snow on the road. The hunter wanted to get rid of the wolf, but he couldn't. 9.Forests make up nearly a third of the earth's land area.森林占地球陆地面积的近三分之一。 【知识详解】make up 的意思主要有:(1)占据总量中的一定分量(2)编造故事或借口(3)组成(一个集体或团队)(4)化妆;打扮。 例如:Women teachers make up a half of the teachers in this school The teacher made up a funny story for his new lesson. 10.Each of these ecosystems support millions of plants and animals. 这些生态系统中的每一个都支持这数以百万计的动植物。 【知识详解】millions of数以百万计的 例如:You can see millions of stars in the sky at night. Thousands of tourists come to Beijing every year. 11.It's time for us to take action and protect the ocean.是我们采取行动和保护海洋的时候了。 【知识详解】It's time (for sb.)+动词不定式.是一种常用的句式结构，意为“(某人)该做某事了”。也可以直接使用“It's time for+名词”。 例如:It's time to have lunch.该吃午饭了。 It's time for children to go to bed.孩子们该睡觉了。 【课堂练习】 一、单项选择 1．Everything from how we cook meat to what we eat for dinner can _____our brain health. A．take pride in B．have an interest in C．play a role in D．believe in 2．—Mom, when will we have lunch? —Oh, my dear. We’ll have it as soon as your dad ________. A．return B．returns C．returned D．will return 3．It’s wise of our government to make laws ________ the people ________ in schools, hospitals and many other public places. A．to protect; to smoke B．to protect; smoking C．to prevent; to smoke D．to prevent; smoking 4．The number of the social workers in our city ________ 2,000. And sixty percent of them ________ doctors and students. A．is; is B．is; are C．are; is D．are; are 5．—Why do you like living in the countryside? —Because I can ________ fresh air. Moreover, it is quiet there. A．take in B．take out C．take up D．take away 6．An only-child family is ________ six adults and one child, which makes the child stressed a lot. A．made of B．made up of C．made in D．made from 7．The music on the radio sounded lively and helped me ________ my sad feeling at once. A．pay attention to B．run away from C．look forward to D．get rid of 8．—I want to learn to skate but find it difficult to ________. —Don’t worry. Practice makes perfect. All that you need is more practice. A．fall over B．keep my balance C．fall behind D．keep healthy 9．—Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight? —I’m not sure. Is it in the hall that can ________ 300 people? A．hide B．happen C．hold D．hunt 10．There are ________ people on the earth and people have ________ space on it. A．fewer and fewer; less and less B．more and more; less and less C．fewer and fewer; fewer and fewer D．more and more; fewer and fewer 11．The earth is our only home. We shouldn’t do anything bad to ________ her! A．harm B．hide C．prevent D．provide 12．—What do you think of this plan? —________ It’s just what I expect. A．Terrible. B．Meaningless. C．Not so bad. D．Perfect! 二、适当形式填空 13．Everyone are expected to take ________ (act) to protect the environment. 14．Firefighters came in time to save the ________ (trap) people in the burning building. 15．He shook his head ________ (sad) as he knew the bad news. 16．You should not eat too much food. It is very ________ (harm) to your health. 三、单词拼写 17．The elevator is so small that it can only ________ (容纳) four people. 18．In the past, people ________ (贮存) vegetables like cabbages underground. 19．I’m interested in many outdoor activities, ________ camping, cycling and hiking. (包括) 20．Humans shouldn’t kill wild animals anymore. The government should ________ (行动) to stop it. 21．Strong light ________ (损害) our eyesight, so please don’t read in the sun. 22．The farm sells ________ (吨) of vegetables each month. 四、阅读理解 23．When is International Coastal Cleanup Day? A．On 10th September. B．On 20th September. C．On 1st October. D．On 10th October. 24．What are the volunteers expected to do? A．To collect trash on the beach. B．To look after sea animals. C．To give away bags to tourists. D．To prepare for a beach concert. 25．What can we learn from the text? A．Volunteers have to bring trash bags. B．The programme will last a whole day. C．Those who collect the most get a prize. D．There is an age limit for the programme. 26．In which category (类别) can we find the text? A．News. B．Science. C．Travel. D．Environment. 【参考答案】 1、 1-12 CBBBA BDBCB AD 2、 13.action 14.trapped 15.sadly 16.harmful 3、 17.hold 18.stored 19.including 20.act 21.harms 22.tons 4、 23-26 BACD 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $