专题01 连词、状语从句、定语从句（期末复习讲义）九年级英语上学期北师大版

该初中英语期末复习讲义通过思维导图系统梳理连词、状语从句、定语从句知识体系，用分类表格呈现并列连词（and/or/but等）、从属连词（when/if/though等）的用法及区别，以对比示例解析条件状语从句“主将从现”规则和定语从句关系词选择要点，清晰呈现语法点内在逻辑与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于情境化练习设计，如即时检测中“亲子沟通”“观影选伴”等生活化对话情境，培养语言运用能力，易错点拨通过“祈使句+or”与条件句转换等对比分析提升思维品质。分层设置基础通关与易混易错练习，基础生可夯实语法基础，优秀生能突破难点，教师可依托资料实施精准分层教学，助力学生系统复习与能力提升。

专题01 连词、状语从句、定语从句（期末复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 3-4 Unit4、8 Unit 5 连词 条件状语从句 定语从句 单项选择 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 思维导图 知识点01 连词 一、并列连词 连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。 and(和) but(但是) or(或者,否则) so(所以) however(然而) for(因为) as well as(也) both..and...(...和...) not only ...but also...(不但…而且…) either… or…(或…或…) neither… nor…(既不…也不…) 连词用法示例与解析: （1）“ and” 1. He got up and left the room. 2.He went to Kunming and I went Harbin last year. 3.Work hard, and you will do well in the exam. （2）“or” 1.Tom or I am right. (or连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定) 2.Would you like coffee or tea? 特别用法: 句型 “祈使句, or…”= If you don’t …, you will… 3.Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. 4.Put on your clothes,or you will catch a cold. 5.Be quick, or you will be late for school. 特别用法:在否定句中否定并列成分时，用or，而不用and。例如： I can't speak English or French.我不会讲英语和法语。（不能使用and） （3）“but” 1. She is sixty, but she still looks young. 2. She is tired but happy. 3. I came here not for myself but for my son. 4. Mary likes piano but Tom doesn’t (like可以省略). nothing but 只有 There is nothing but people. （4）“for” 1. I went to sleep soon, for I was very tired. 2. The sun has risen，for the birds are singing. 比较：表示原因,译为”因为”, 表示说明、解释。与because不同，用语解释某事的原因、动机，强调因果关系。用语回答why引导的问句。 （5）“both …and …” 1. Both you and I are Chinese. 2. I like both sports and music. 特别用法: both…and…的否定句表示部分否定。 3. He can’t play both tennis and volleyball. 它并不是既会打网球又会打排球。 （6）either…or…, neither…nor… 1. Either you or she is wrong. 2. Can you speak either French or English? 3. Neither the teacher nor the students like this song. （7）“Not only…but also…” 1. Not only you but also your father is coming. (连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定) 2. She learns not only English but also Japanese. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.“祈使句+or+结果句”与“If you don’t…,you’ll…”同义，其中or意为“否则”。如： Hurry up, or you will be late.快点，否则你就会迟到了! =If you hurry up, you won’t be late.如果快点，你就不会迟到了。 =If you don’t hurry up, you will be late.如果不快点，你就会迟到了。 2.but意为“但是”，用来表示转折关系，注意它不能与though,although连用。如： I want to help you,but I really don’t know what to do.我想帮你，可是我真的不知道该做什么。 He tried hard to catch up with others,but he failed.他竭力想赶上别人，但失败了。 3.so意为“所以，因此”用来表示因果关系，注意它不能与because,since,as连用。如： It was rather late,so we decided to go home.已经很晚了，所以我们决定回家。 The rain began to fall,so we had to find a place to stay in.雨开始下起来，所以我们不得不找个避雨的地方。 4.for意为“因为”，表示原因，主要用来进行补充说明。for 表原因时语气较弱，仅用于补充说明，不强调直接因果，不能回答 why 问句。如： I must be off now,for it’s rather cold outside.我得走了，因为外面相当冷。 I soon fell asleep,for I was tired.我很快就睡着了，因为我太累了。 5.not only…but also,neither…nor…和either…or…连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致；both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式；而as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词同前面的主语在人称和数上要保持一致。如： Not only I but also my mother is going to the museum.不仅我而且我的母亲也要去博物馆。 Neither you nor I am right.你和我都不对。 Either you or he is right.要么你对，要么他对。 Both Li Ping and her father take exercise every morning.李萍和她的父亲每天早晨都进行锻炼。 用either…or…, neither…nor…连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定。 比较: both…and…, either…or…, neither…nor…的相互关系: 肯定句: 1. I like both A and B. 否定句: 2. I don’t like both A and B.= I like either A or B. 否定句: 3. I don’t like either A or B.= I like neither A nor B. 【即时检测】 1．—It seems that my son often refuses to communicate with me. —Try to put yourself in his shoes ________ he won’t be willing to open his heart to you. A．till B．or C．and D．but 2．I have only two tickets for Cats. ________ you ________ he can go with me. A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Both; and D．As; as 二、从属连词 用于引导从句,常见的从属连接词有： 分类 连词 词义 例句 表示 时间 when 当……时 The students were talking when the teacher came in. while 当……时 I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV.　　 after 在……之后 I’ll go to play football after I finish my homework. before 在……之前 Please turn off the light before you leave the room. till,until 直到……为止 I’ll wait till/until he arrives. 　　 不到…… 不 She won’t get home till/until it gets dark. as soon as 一……就 I’ll call you as soon as I get to Beijing. since 自从…… He has lived here since 1980. 表示 条件 if 如果 We’ll go for a picnic if it doesn’t rain. unless 除非，如果不 They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday. 表示 原因 because 因为 He didn’t come because he was ill. since 既然 Since we have got ready for it, let’s set off. as 因为 As I’m not at home, please leave a message. 表示 目的 so that 以便于 He got up early so that he could get there in time. in order that 为了 He works hard in order that he can go to a good college. 表示 结果 so…that 如此……以至于…… The box is so heavy that we can’t carry it. such… that 如此……以至于…… It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away. 表示 让步 though/ although 虽然 He would be happy though he should have to live alone. He often helps others although he is not rich. 表示 比较 as 像……一样 Do as you like. as…as… 和……一样 He ran as fast as Mike. not as…as 不及…… It isn’t as easy as you think. than 比…… She jumped higher than Rose. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.if意为“是否”时，引导宾语从句；意为“如果”时，引导条件状语从句。如： Could you tell me if they’ll come tomorrow? 你能告诉我他们明天会来吗？ You can go out to play if your homework is finished.如果你的作业做完了，你就可以出去玩了。 2.从属连词so…that…和such…that…都表示“如此……以至于……”，但用法不同：so…that…结构中的so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词；such…that…中的such为形容词，后面接名词(名词前可以有形容词或副词修饰)。试比较： He was such a clever boy that he thought out a very good idea.=He was so clever a boy that he thought out a very good idea.这个男孩很聪明，想出了一个非常好的办法。 【即时检测】 —I wonder if John ________ next year’s talent show. —I have no idea. But I think if he ________ his class project, he will. A．joins; finishes B．will join in; will finish C．takes part in; finishes D．will take part in; finishes 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．The sick man has to have the operation (手术), ________ he will lose his life. A．while B．but C．or 2．On school nights, I either do my homework ________ read books. I never watch TV. A．or B．and C．with D．but 3．Many greenways have been built in Chengdu for people to enjoy nature, ________ people can have a good time there. A．but B．or C．and 4．Keep working hard, ________ you’ll find out the answer to the problem. A．or B．and C．but D．so 5．My bike was old and shaky ________ it still did the job. A．or B．so C．but D．for 6．Tom wanted to go to the cinema last weekend, ________ his sister liked to go to the library. A．so B．or C．but D．because 7．There were few doctors then, ________ Dr. Bethune had to work hard on his own. A．so B．because C．since D．although 8．The weather is very nice today, ________ my family decides to go for a walk in the park. A．or B．but C．so D．for 9．They can’t go swimming ________ the water is too cold. A．so B．and C．because D．or 10．He did not work hard at English, ________ he failed in the English test. A．because B．so C．when 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．________ he wins ________ loses, we’ll give our best wishes to him. A．Not only; but also B．Both; and C．Whether; or D．Either; or 2．—Do you know ________ the woman in red is?    —I’m not sure. Maybe a doctor. A．when B．who C．how D．what 3．Many students didn’t realize the importance of study _________ they left school. A．if B．until C．though D．because 4．I was walking in the park ________ suddenly the storm started. A．when B．while C．before D．if 5．________ the film is full of mysteries, many young people are eager to watch it. A．Because B．Unless C．Until D．If 6．________ you practice playing the guitar regularly, you won’t make great progress. A．If B．Unless C．Since D．As 7．—Why didn’t Paul try his best to get on the bus? —He tried to, but it started moving ________ he could get on it. A．before B．while C．after D．when 8．—I’m worrying about my math test. —There’s nothing to worry about ________ you work hard. A．as long as B．although C．when D．until 9．________ he has no experience in painting, he decided to join the art club to learn. A．Because B．Since C．Unless D．If 10．________ you go to the library this weekend, remember to call me. A．As B．Though C．If D．Because 11．_______ Tom _______ Mary speaks good Chinese, so they can communicate with us very well. A．Neither; nor B．Not only; but also C．Both; and D．Either; or 知识点02 条件状语从句 引导词 从句时态 主句时态 核心规则与用法 例句 if（如果） 一般现在时 一般将来时 / 情态动词（can/may）/ 祈使句 描述可能发生的情况，遵循 “主将从现” If you study hard, you will pass. unless（除非，=if not） 一般现在时 一般将来时 / 情态动词 / 祈使句 表 “如果不”，否定条件，时态同 if Unless it rains, we will go out. as long as（只要） 一般现在时 一般将来时 / 情态动词 强调条件的充分性，“只要… 就…” As long as you try, you can succeed. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．—Can I go out and play now? —Not ________ you’ve done your homework. A．when B．unless C．if D．after 2．—I don’t know if it will be sunny tomorrow. —If it ________ tomorrow, I will stay at home. A．will rain B．rains C．to rain D．raining 3．—I hear the famous singer Tony may come to Changchun next month. —Really? ________ he comes, my younger sister will be excited. A．If B．Until C．Unless D．However 4．—Mum, can I help you clean the house? — Of course, ________ you would like to. A．because B．but C．till D．if 5．The PE teacher said, “You will finish the 800-meter race successfully ________ you keep running without stopping.” A．as far as B．even though C．as long as D．as well as 6．The temperature is rising. Food will go bad quickly ________ we put it into a fridge. A．unless B．before C．since D．until 7．________ we take immediate action, global warming will get more serious. A．Unless B．As C．If D．When 8．We can have a wonderful future ________ we work hard. A．if B．unless C．so D．although 9．________ you don’t know what a word means, you can guess its meaning first. A．After B．So C．Because D．If 10．You can go out ________ you promise (许诺) to be back before 11 o’clock. A．as good as B．as far as C．as long as D．as short as 11．—What are you watching through the window? —The rain. I’m going to the school library ________ it stops. A．before B．because C．until D．if 12．________ you work together, you will be able to finish the task quickly. A．As long as B．As soon as C．As well as D．As far as 13．—Keep working hard, Paul. You will surely realize your dream of being a writer ________ you give it up halfway. —Thanks for your support, Miss Wang. A．if B．since C．unless D．though 14．You can’t pass the exam ________ you listen to the teachers carefully in class. A．unless B．whether C．if D．until 15．He won’t catch the train _________ he leaves early. A．as soon as B．until C．unless D．while 16．I won’t have enough time to study ________ I watch TV so often. A．if B．although C．but D．so 17．If we _________ to understand each other, we will build a stronger friendship. A．will learn B．learn C．won’t learn D．don’t learn 18．________ she invites me, I ________ to her birthday party. A．Because; went B．When; went C．So; will go D．If; will go 知识点03 定语从句 知识模块 核心内容 关键说明与例句 基本定义 修饰名词或代词的从句，相当于形容词，常译为 “…… 的”。 被修饰的名词 / 代词叫先行词，引导从句的词叫关系词。例：This is the book that I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的书） 关系代词 指代先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 1. that：指代人 / 物，可作主语 / 宾语（宾语可省） 例：The girl that smiled is my sister.（作主语，指人） 2. which：指代物，可作主语 / 宾语（宾语可省） 例：The pen which I lost was new.（作宾语，指物） 3. who/whom：指代人，who 作主语，whom 作宾语（可省） 例：The man who helped me is a doctor.（作主语） 关系副词 指代时间、地点或原因，在从句中作状语。 1. when：指代时间，从句缺时间状语 例：I remember the day when we met.（那天） 2. where：指代地点，从句缺地点状语 例：This is the school where I studied.（那所学校） 3. why：指代原因，仅修饰先行词 “reason” 例：Tell me the reason why you were late.（原因） 关系词选择 先看先行词是人还是物，再看关系词在从句中所作成分。 - 作主语 / 宾语 / 定语 → 用关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose） - 作时间 / 地点 / 原因状语 → 用关系副词（when/where/why）例：This is the house where he lives.（作状语，用 where）This is the house that he bought.（作宾语，用 that） 常见易错点 1. 关系词与先行词的匹配；2. 从句是否完整（缺主语 / 宾语还是缺状语）；3. that 与 which 的区别。 1. 先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that 例：I won’t forget the people and places that I visited. 2. 介词后指物时，只能用which 例：This is the bag in which I put my books.（= This is the bag that I put my books in.） 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．He also invented tools ________ in use today. A．which remained B．that remains C．who remain D．that remain 2．The movie ________ we saw last night was very interesting. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 3．Do you know anyone __________ knows about the history of Qing Dynasty? A．who B．which C．/ D．whose 4．Without the keys, the manager had to wait in front of the office __________ was locked ten minutes ago. A．who B．which C．/ D．whom 5．I know the girl ________ is standing next to the kangaroo. A．when B．which C．where D．who 6．This is the old building ________ twenty years ago. A．Grandma lived B．Grandma lives C．that Grandma lived D．that Grandma lived in 7．Shanghai is experiencing another extreme heatwave, ________ has become more frequent in recent years due to climate change. A．that B．which C．who D．when 8．He didn’t tell the teacher the reason he was late for class. A．that B．which C．why D．who 9．The Dragon Boat Festival, a traditional festival in China, ______ boasts a long-standing history. A．who B．which C．where D．when 10．They are talking about the greatest inventions _________ have made a big difference to our daily life. A．which B．who C．why D．that 11．—Did you watch the report about Zhang Guimei, the teacher ________ got the title of “Role Model of the Times (时代楷模)” in 2020? —Yes, I did. I was deeply moved by what she did for the children in the poor area. A．which B．who C．what D．whom 12．The thought of going back home was ______ kept him happy while he was working abroad. A．all that B．all C．that D．which 13．He had the opportunity to spend two weeks with the Hadza (哈扎人) and said ________ with them changed the way ________ he looked at the world. A．that being; which B．being; which C．that being; / D．/; that. 14．I’ll never forget the lesson ______ I learned last year. A．that B．who C．what D．whom 15．Please tell me ________ he said to you last night. A．all which B．what all C．all that D．that all 16．Mr. Lee is the only doctor ________ we can turn to at present. A．who B．what C．which D．that 17．I’m interested in the writers ________ popular among teenagers. A．that is B．who is C．who are D．which are 18．Tea is the leaf of a plant ________ grows widely in China, Japan and other countries. A．what B．who C．that D．when 19．Mr. Smith has just given us a speech ________ was about developing reading skills. A．which B．what C．whom D．who 20．—Who is the hero in your mind? —Huang Danian. He is a scientist _________ has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探). A．where B．which C．who D．what 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 连词、状语从句、定语从句（期末复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 3-4 Unit4、8 Unit 5 连词 条件状语从句 定语从句 单项选择 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 思维导图 知识点01 连词 一、并列连词 连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。 and(和) but(但是) or(或者,否则) so(所以) however(然而) for(因为) as well as(也) both..and...(...和...) not only ...but also...(不但…而且…) either… or…(或…或…) neither… nor…(既不…也不…) 连词用法示例与解析: （1）“ and” 1. He got up and left the room. 2.He went to Kunming and I went Harbin last year. 3.Work hard, and you will do well in the exam. （2）“or” 1.Tom or I am right. (or连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定) 2.Would you like coffee or tea? 特别用法: 句型 “祈使句, or…”= If you don’t …, you will… 3.Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. 4.Put on your clothes,or you will catch a cold. 5.Be quick, or you will be late for school. 特别用法:在否定句中否定并列成分时，用or，而不用and。例如： I can't speak English or French.我不会讲英语和法语。（不能使用and） （3）“but” 1. She is sixty, but she still looks young. 2. She is tired but happy. 3. I came here not for myself but for my son. 4. Mary likes piano but Tom doesn’t (like可以省略). nothing but 只有 There is nothing but people. （4）“for” 1. I went to sleep soon, for I was very tired. 2. The sun has risen，for the birds are singing. 比较：表示原因,译为”因为”, 表示说明、解释。与because不同，用语解释某事的原因、动机，强调因果关系。用语回答why引导的问句。 （5）“both …and …” 1. Both you and I are Chinese. 2. I like both sports and music. 特别用法: both…and…的否定句表示部分否定。 3. He can’t play both tennis and volleyball. 它并不是既会打网球又会打排球。 （6）either…or…, neither…nor… 1. Either you or she is wrong. 2. Can you speak either French or English? 3. Neither the teacher nor the students like this song. （7）“Not only…but also…” 1. Not only you but also your father is coming. (连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定) 2. She learns not only English but also Japanese. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.“祈使句+or+结果句”与“If you don’t…,you’ll…”同义，其中or意为“否则”。如： Hurry up, or you will be late.快点，否则你就会迟到了! =If you hurry up, you won’t be late.如果快点，你就不会迟到了。 =If you don’t hurry up, you will be late.如果不快点，你就会迟到了。 2.but意为“但是”，用来表示转折关系，注意它不能与though,although连用。如： I want to help you,but I really don’t know what to do.我想帮你，可是我真的不知道该做什么。 He tried hard to catch up with others,but he failed.他竭力想赶上别人，但失败了。 3.so意为“所以，因此”用来表示因果关系，注意它不能与because,since,as连用。如： It was rather late,so we decided to go home.已经很晚了，所以我们决定回家。 The rain began to fall,so we had to find a place to stay in.雨开始下起来，所以我们不得不找个避雨的地方。 4.for意为“因为”，表示原因，主要用来进行补充说明。for 表原因时语气较弱，仅用于补充说明，不强调直接因果，不能回答 why 问句。如： I must be off now,for it’s rather cold outside.我得走了，因为外面相当冷。 I soon fell asleep,for I was tired.我很快就睡着了，因为我太累了。 5.not only…but also,neither…nor…和either…or…连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致；both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式；而as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词同前面的主语在人称和数上要保持一致。如： Not only I but also my mother is going to the museum.不仅我而且我的母亲也要去博物馆。 Neither you nor I am right.你和我都不对。 Either you or he is right.要么你对，要么他对。 Both Li Ping and her father take exercise every morning.李萍和她的父亲每天早晨都进行锻炼。 用either…or…, neither…nor…连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定。 比较: both…and…, either…or…, neither…nor…的相互关系: 肯定句: 1. I like both A and B. 否定句: 2. I don’t like both A and B.= I like either A or B. 否定句: 3. I don’t like either A or B.= I like neither A nor B. 【即时检测】 1．—It seems that my son often refuses to communicate with me. —Try to put yourself in his shoes ________ he won’t be willing to open his heart to you. A．till B．or C．and D．but 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我的儿子似乎经常拒绝和我沟通。——试着换位思考，否则他不会愿意向你敞开心扉。 考查连词辨析。till直到……为止；or否则；不然；and和；并且；but但是。根据“Try to put yourself in his shoes”和“he won’t be willing to open his heart to you.”可知，试着换位思考，否则他不会敞开心扉。故选B。 2．I have only two tickets for Cats. ________ you ________ he can go with me. A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Both; and D．As; as 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我只有两张《猫》的票，要么你要么他可以跟我一起去。 考查连词辨析。Either，or要么……要么……；Neither，nor既不……也不……；Both，and两者都；As ，as和…… 一样。根据前句“I have only two tickets for Cats.”可知，说话者只有两张票（包括自己的一张），因此只能带一个人去，即 “要么你去，要么他去。故选A。 二、从属连词 用于引导从句,常见的从属连接词有： 分类 连词 词义 例句 表示 时间 when 当……时 The students were talking when the teacher came in. while 当……时 I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV.　　 after 在……之后 I’ll go to play football after I finish my homework. before 在……之前 Please turn off the light before you leave the room. till,until 直到……为止 I’ll wait till/until he arrives. 　　 不到…… 不 She won’t get home till/until it gets dark. as soon as 一……就 I’ll call you as soon as I get to Beijing. since 自从…… He has lived here since 1980. 表示 条件 if 如果 We’ll go for a picnic if it doesn’t rain. unless 除非，如果不 They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday. 表示 原因 because 因为 He didn’t come because he was ill. since 既然 Since we have got ready for it, let’s set off. as 因为 As I’m not at home, please leave a message. 表示 目的 so that 以便于 He got up early so that he could get there in time. in order that 为了 He works hard in order that he can go to a good college. 表示 结果 so…that 如此……以至于…… The box is so heavy that we can’t carry it. such… that 如此……以至于…… It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away. 表示 让步 though/ although 虽然 He would be happy though he should have to live alone. He often helps others although he is not rich. 表示 比较 as 像……一样 Do as you like. as…as… 和……一样 He ran as fast as Mike. not as…as 不及…… It isn’t as easy as you think. than 比…… She jumped higher than Rose. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.if意为“是否”时，引导宾语从句；意为“如果”时，引导条件状语从句。如： Could you tell me if they’ll come tomorrow? 你能告诉我他们明天会来吗？ You can go out to play if your homework is finished.如果你的作业做完了，你就可以出去玩了。 2.从属连词so…that…和such…that…都表示“如此……以至于……”，但用法不同：so…that…结构中的so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词；such…that…中的such为形容词，后面接名词(名词前可以有形容词或副词修饰)。试比较： He was such a clever boy that he thought out a very good idea.=He was so clever a boy that he thought out a very good idea.这个男孩很聪明，想出了一个非常好的办法。 【即时检测】 —I wonder if John ________ next year’s talent show. —I have no idea. But I think if he ________ his class project, he will. A．joins; finishes B．will join in; will finish C．takes part in; finishes D．will take part in; finishes 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——我想知道约翰是否会参加明年的才艺表演。——我不知道。但我想如果他完成了他的班级项目，他会的。 考查时态。第一处是if引导的宾语从句，根据“next year’s talent show”可知，用一般将来时；第二处是if引导的条件状语从句，需满足“主将从现”原则，主语是“he”，动词用三单。故选D。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．The sick man has to have the operation (手术), ________ he will lose his life. A．while B．but C．or 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这个病人必须做手术，否则他会失去生命。 考查连词辨析。while当……时候；but但是；or否则。前半句“病人必须做手术”，后半句“他会失去生命”，存在“不做A就会导致B（负面结果）”的选择关系，应用or连接。故选C。 2．On school nights, I either do my homework ________ read books. I never watch TV. A．or B．and C．with D．but 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在上学的晚上，我要么做作业，要么看书。我从不看电视。 考查连词辨析。or或者；and和；with与……一起；but但是。根据“I either do my homework…read books. I never watch TV.”可知，either…or…“要么……要么……”，固定搭配。故选A。 3．Many greenways have been built in Chengdu for people to enjoy nature, ________ people can have a good time there. A．but B．or C．and 【答案】C 【解析】句意：成都已经修建了许多绿道供人们享受自然，并且人们可以在那里玩得很开心。   考查连词辨析。but但是，表示转折关系；or或者，表示选择关系；and和，并且，表示顺承关系。根据“Many greenways have been built in Chengdu for people to enjoy nature”以及“people can have a good time there”可知，前后两个句子之间是顺承关系，即修建绿道供人们享受自然，并且人们可以在那里玩得开心，故选C。 4．Keep working hard, ________ you’ll find out the answer to the problem. A．or B．and C．but D．so 【答案】B 【解析】句意：继续努力，那么你就会找到这个问题的答案。 考查连词辨析。or否则；或者；and和，并且；but但是；so所以。根据“Keep working hard”和“you’ll find out the answer to the problem”可知，前后两句之间是一种顺承关系，即持续努力这个行为会带来找到答案的结果，and符合语境。故选B。 5．My bike was old and shaky ________ it still did the job. A．or B．so C．but D．for 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我的自行车又旧又摇晃，但它仍然能运转。 考查连词辨析。or或者；so所以；but但是；for因为。此处前后句存在转折关系。故选C。 6．Tom wanted to go to the cinema last weekend, ________ his sister liked to go to the library. A．so B．or C．but D．because 【答案】C 【解析】句意：汤姆上周末想去看电影，但他妹妹想去图书馆。 考查连词辨析。so所以；or或者；but但是；because因为。根据“Tom wanted to go to a cinema last weekend, ... his sister liked to go to the library.”可知，空前后句是转折关系，用but连接。故选C。 7．There were few doctors then, ________ Dr. Bethune had to work hard on his own. A．so B．because C．since D．although 【答案】A 【解析】句意：那时医生很少，因此白求恩医生不得不独自努力工作。 考查连词辨析。so因此，表示结果；because因为，表示原因；since因为，表示原因；although虽然，表示让步。前半句“医生很少”是原因，后半句“不得不独自努力工作”是结果，因此用so连接。故选A。 8．The weather is very nice today, ________ my family decides to go for a walk in the park. A．or B．but C．so D．for 【答案】C 【解析】句意：今天天气很好，所以我的家人决定去公园散步。 考查连词辨析。or或者；but但是；so所以；for因为。句子前后为因果关系，表示结果。故选C。 9．They can’t go swimming ________ the water is too cold. A．so B．and C．because D．or 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他们不能去游泳，因为水太冷了。 考查连词辨析。so所以；and而且；because因为；or或者。根据“They can’t go swimming…the water is too cold.”可知，前后句是因果关系，前果后因，应用because引导原因状语从句。故选C。 10．He did not work hard at English, ________ he failed in the English test. A．because B．so C．when 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他没有努力学习英语，所以他英语考试不及格。 考查连词辨析。because因为；so所以；when当……时。“他没有努力学习英语”是原因，“他英语考试不及格”是结果，前后是因果关系，前因后果，用so连接表因果关系的并列句。故选B。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．________ he wins ________ loses, we’ll give our best wishes to him. A．Not only; but also B．Both; and C．Whether; or D．Either; or 【答案】C 【解析】句意：无论他赢还是输，我们都会向他致以最美好的祝愿。 考查连词。Not only…but also不仅……而且；Both…and既……又；Whether…or无论……还是……；Either…or要么……要么。根据“…he wins …loses, we’ll give our best wishes to him.”的语境可知，此处指两种情况下的结果都一样，C项符合。故选C。 2．—Do you know ________ the woman in red is?    —I’m not sure. Maybe a doctor. A．when B．who C．how D．what 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你认识那个穿红衣服的女士吗？——我不确定，可能是一位老师。 考查宾语从句引导词。when什么时候；who谁；how如何；what什么。根据“Maybe a teacher.”可知，此处询问她的职业是什么，因此用what引导宾语从句。故选D。 3．Many students didn’t realize the importance of study _________ they left school. A．if B．until C．though D．because 【答案】B 【解析】句意：许多学生直到离开学校才意识到学习的重要性。 考查连词辨析。if如果；until直到；though虽然；because因为。根据“Many students didn’t realize the importance of study... they left school”可知，此处指直到离开学校才意识到，句中didn’t realize为否定结构，与until构成not...until...固定搭配，表示“直到……才……”。故选B。 4．I was walking in the park ________ suddenly the storm started. A．when B．while C．before D．if 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我正在公园散步，突然暴风雨开始了。 考查连词辨析。when当……时（可接短暂性动词）；while当……时（接延续性动词）；before在……之前；if如果。when在此结构中表示“当……时（突然发生另一动作）”，常用于“was/were doing... when...”句型，强调主句动作进行时另一动作突然发生。while引导的从句需用延续性动词，而“suddenly the storm started”为瞬间动作；before（在……之前）、if（如果）均不符合语境。故选A。 5．________ the film is full of mysteries, many young people are eager to watch it. A．Because B．Unless C．Until D．If 【答案】A 【解析】句意：由于这部电影充满了神秘，许多年轻人渴望观看它。 考查连词辨析。Because因为；Unless除非；Until直到；If如果。根据“the film is full of mysteries, many young people are eager to watch it.”可知，由于这部电影充满了神秘，许多年轻人渴望观看它。前后句为因果关系，因此选用“because”表示原因。故选A。 6．________ you practice playing the guitar regularly, you won’t make great progress. A．If B．Unless C．Since D．As 【答案】B 【解析】句意：除非你定期练习弹吉他，否则你不会取得很大进步。 考查连词辨析。If如果；Unless除非；Since自从，因为；As因为。句子后半部分“you won’t make great progress”表示否定结果，需要前半部分表示如果不满足条件的意思。Unless表示除非或如果不，相当于if not，符合句意逻辑，表示只有定期练习才能进步。故选B。 7．—Why didn’t Paul try his best to get on the bus? —He tried to, but it started moving ________ he could get on it. A．before B．while C．after D．when 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——为什么保罗没有尽力上公交车？——他试了，但还没来得及上去，它就开始启动了。 考查时间状语从句的连词辨析。before在……之前；while当……的时候；after在……之后；when当……时。根据“Why didn’t Paul try his best to get on the bus?”可知，保罗没有上车，因此公交车应是在保罗上车之前就启动了。故选A。 8．—I’m worrying about my math test. —There’s nothing to worry about ________ you work hard. A．as long as B．although C．when D．until 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我在担心我的数学考试。——只要你努力学习，就没有什么可担心的。 考查从属连词辨析。as long as只要；although虽然；when当……时；until直到。空格后“you work hard”表示条件，应用as long as引导条件状语从句。故选A。 9．________ he has no experience in painting, he decided to join the art club to learn. A．Because B．Since C．Unless D．If 【答案】B 【解析】句意：由于他没有绘画经验，他决定加入艺术俱乐部去学习。 考查连词辨析。Because因为；Since由于；Unless除非；If如果。根据句意，前半句“他没有绘画经验”是后半句“他决定加入”的原因，因此需要表示原因的连词。A项和B项均可表示原因，但B项“Since”更常用于句首引出已知或明显的原因，符合语境。故选B。 10．________ you go to the library this weekend, remember to call me. A．As B．Though C．If D．Because 【答案】C 【解析】句意：如果你这个周末去图书馆，记得给我打电话。 考查连词的用法。As因为，当……时；Though虽然；If如果；Because因为。根据“…you go to the library this weekend, remember to call me.”的语境可知，此处表示条件关系，if符合。故选C。 11．_______ Tom _______ Mary speaks good Chinese, so they can communicate with us very well. A．Neither; nor B．Not only; but also C．Both; and D．Either; or 【答案】B 【解析】句意：汤姆和玛丽中文都说得很好，所以他们能和我们交流得很顺畅。 考查短语辨析。Neither...nor...既不……也不……；Not only...but also...不但……而且……；Both...and...……和……都（两者都）；Either...or...或者……或者……。根据“so they can communicate with us very well”可知，他们中文都说得好，排除A、D选项，又因为“speaks”为第三人称单数形式，而“Both...and...”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“Not only...but also...”遵循就近原则，此处谓语动词与“Mary”保持一致，用第三人称单数形式，所以此处应该用Not only...but also...。故选B。 知识点02 条件状语从句 引导词 从句时态 主句时态 核心规则与用法 例句 if（如果） 一般现在时 一般将来时 / 情态动词（can/may）/ 祈使句 描述可能发生的情况，遵循 “主将从现” If you study hard, you will pass. unless（除非，=if not） 一般现在时 一般将来时 / 情态动词 / 祈使句 表 “如果不”，否定条件，时态同 if Unless it rains, we will go out. as long as（只要） 一般现在时 一般将来时 / 情态动词 强调条件的充分性，“只要… 就…” As long as you try, you can succeed. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．—Can I go out and play now? —Not ________ you’ve done your homework. A．when B．unless C．if D．after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我现在能出去玩吗？——不能，除非你已经写完作业。 考查连词辨析。when当……时；unless除非；if如果；after在……之后。根据句意可知, 此处指的是除非做完了作业，否则不能出去玩。故选B。 2．—I don’t know if it will be sunny tomorrow. —If it ________ tomorrow, I will stay at home. A．will rain B．rains C．to rain D．raining 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我不知道明天是不是晴天。——如果明天下雨，我将会待在家里。 考查动词时态。分析题干可知，if引导条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”原则，主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时，从句主语it为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式rains。故选B。 3．—I hear the famous singer Tony may come to Changchun next month. —Really? ________ he comes, my younger sister will be excited. A．If B．Until C．Unless D．However 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我听说著名歌手Tony下个月可能会来长春。——真的吗？如果他来了，我妹妹会非常兴奋。 考查连词辨析。If如果；Until直到；Unless除非；However然而。根据“he comes, my younger sister will be excited.”可知，此处表示假设条件，且前句是后句的肯定条件。故选A。 4．—Mum, can I help you clean the house? — Of course, ________ you would like to. A．because B．but C．till D．if 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我能帮你打扫房间吗？——当然，如果你愿意的话。 考查连词辨析。because因为；but但是；or或者；if如果。根据“Of course...you would like to.”可知如果你愿意的话，可以帮我打扫房间，故选D。 5．The PE teacher said, “You will finish the 800-meter race successfully ________ you keep running without stopping.” A．as far as B．even though C．as long as D．as well as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：体育老师说：“只要你不停地跑，你就能成功跑完800米。” 考查条件状语从句。as far as就……而言；even though即使；as long as只要；as well as以及。根据“You will finish the 800-meter race successfully…you keep running without stopping.”的语境可知，此处强调“如果满足某个条件，就会发生某事”，C项符合。故选C。 6．The temperature is rising. Food will go bad quickly ________ we put it into a fridge. A．unless B．before C．since D．until 【答案】A 【详解】句意：温度在上升。除非我们把食物放进冰箱里，否则食物会很快变坏。 考查连词辨析。unless除非，如果不；before在……之前；since自从，既然；until直到……时候。根据句意可知，这里表示“如果不把食物放进冰箱，它就会很快变坏”，应用unless引导条件状语从句。故选A。 7．________ we take immediate action, global warming will get more serious. A．Unless B．As C．If D．When 【答案】A 【详解】句意：除非我们立即采取行动，否则全球变暖将变得更加严重。 考查从属连词辨析。Unless除非，如果不；As因为；If如果；When当……时候。根据“…we take immediate action, global warming will get more serious.”可知，如果不行动，全球变暖会更严重，前一句是后一句的否定条件，用unless引导条件状语从句。故选A。 8．We can have a wonderful future ________ we work hard. A．if B．unless C．so D．although 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果我们努力学习，我们会有一个美好的未来。 考查连词辨析。if如果；unless如果不，除非；so所以；although虽然。根据前后句关系可知，从句表达是假设关系，是一种肯定条件，故用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。 9．________ you don’t know what a word means, you can guess its meaning first. A．After B．So C．Because D．If 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果你不知道一个单词的意思，你可以先猜测它的意思。 考查连词辨析。After在……之后；So所以；Because因为；If如果。根据“you don’t know what a word means”可知，此处表示假设条件，引导条件状语从句用if。故选D。 10．You can go out ________ you promise (许诺) to be back before 11 o’clock. A．as good as B．as far as C．as long as D．as short as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你可以出去，只要你答应在11点以前回来。 考查连词辨析。as good as几乎；as far as就……而言；as long as只要；as short as和……一样短。由于“you promise to be back before 11 o’clock”是可以出去的条件，用as long as引导条件状语从句。故选C。 11．—What are you watching through the window? —The rain. I’m going to the school library ________ it stops. A．before B．because C．until D．if 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你透过窗户正在看什么？——雨。如果它停了，我打算去学校图书馆。 考查连词。before在……之前；because因为；until直到；if如果。根据句意，需要表示“如果它停了，我打算去学校图书馆。”这一含义，要使用“if”表示“如果”。故选D。 12．________ you work together, you will be able to finish the task quickly. A．As long as B．As soon as C．As well as D．As far as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：只要你们一起工作，你们将能够快速完成任务。 考查连词辨析。As long as只要；As soon as一……就……；As well as和……一样；As far as就……而言。结合语境可知，此处强调满足“一起工作”这个条件，就会出现“快速完成任务”的结果，“As long as”意为“只要；如果”，引导条件状语从句，契合句子逻辑。故选A。 13．—Keep working hard, Paul. You will surely realize your dream of being a writer ________ you give it up halfway. —Thanks for your support, Miss Wang. A．if B．since C．unless D．though 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——继续努力，保罗。如果你半途不放弃，你就一定能实现成为作家的梦想。——谢谢你的支持，王老师。 考查连词辨析。if如果；since自从/既然；unless除非/如果不；though尽管。根据“you will surely realize your dream…you give it up halfway（实现梦想的条件是不放弃）”可知，所以空后“you give it up halfway”是空前“You will surely realize your dream of being a writer”的否定条件，用unless引导条件状语从句。故选C。 14．You can’t pass the exam ________ you listen to the teachers carefully in class. A．unless B．whether C．if D．until 【答案】A 【详解】句意：除非你在课堂上仔细听老师讲课，否则你不会通过考试。 考查连词辨析。unless除非，如果不；whether是否；if如果；until直到。根据“you listen to the teachers carefully in class.”可知，这里表示“如果不……就不会通过考试”，因此用unless引导条件状语从句。故选A。 15．He won’t catch the train _________ he leaves early. A．as soon as B．until C．unless D．while 【答案】C 【详解】句意：除非他早点出发，否则他赶不上火车。 考查连词辨析。as soon as一……就……；until直到；unless除非；while当……时。根据“He won’t catch the train ... he leaves early.”可知，是指除非早点出发，否则赶不上火车，用unless引导条件状语从句。故选C。 16．I won’t have enough time to study ________ I watch TV so often. A．if B．although C．but D．so 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果我经常看电视，我就没有足够的时间学习了。 考查连词辨析。if如果；although虽然；but但是；so所以。后句是前句的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。 17．If we _________ to understand each other, we will build a stronger friendship. A．will learn B．learn C．won’t learn D．don’t learn 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果我们互相学习理解，我们会建立更强的友谊。 考查条件状语从句用法。本句为If引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，主句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时，根据“to understand each other, we will build a stronger friendship.”并结合选项可知，如果我们互相学习理解，我们会建立更强的友谊，故从句为肯定句，主语为we，动词learn需原形。故选B。 18．________ she invites me, I ________ to her birthday party. A．Because; went B．When; went C．So; will go D．If; will go 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果她邀请我，我将去参加她的生日派对。 考查连词辨析和时态。Because因为；When当……时；So因此；If如果。根据“…she invites me, I…to her birthday party.”可知，此句是指如果她邀请我，我就会去参加她的生日派对，if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时，故选D。 知识点03 定语从句 知识模块 核心内容 关键说明与例句 基本定义 修饰名词或代词的从句，相当于形容词，常译为 “…… 的”。 被修饰的名词 / 代词叫先行词，引导从句的词叫关系词。例：This is the book that I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的书） 关系代词 指代先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 1. that：指代人 / 物，可作主语 / 宾语（宾语可省） 例：The girl that smiled is my sister.（作主语，指人） 2. which：指代物，可作主语 / 宾语（宾语可省） 例：The pen which I lost was new.（作宾语，指物） 3. who/whom：指代人，who 作主语，whom 作宾语（可省） 例：The man who helped me is a doctor.（作主语） 关系副词 指代时间、地点或原因，在从句中作状语。 1. when：指代时间，从句缺时间状语 例：I remember the day when we met.（那天） 2. where：指代地点，从句缺地点状语 例：This is the school where I studied.（那所学校） 3. why：指代原因，仅修饰先行词 “reason” 例：Tell me the reason why you were late.（原因） 关系词选择 先看先行词是人还是物，再看关系词在从句中所作成分。 - 作主语 / 宾语 / 定语 → 用关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose） - 作时间 / 地点 / 原因状语 → 用关系副词（when/where/why）例：This is the house where he lives.（作状语，用 where）This is the house that he bought.（作宾语，用 that） 常见易错点 1. 关系词与先行词的匹配；2. 从句是否完整（缺主语 / 宾语还是缺状语）；3. that 与 which 的区别。 1. 先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that 例：I won’t forget the people and places that I visited. 2. 介词后指物时，只能用which 例：This is the bag in which I put my books.（= This is the bag that I put my books in.） 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．He also invented tools ________ in use today. A．which remained B．that remains C．who remain D．that remain 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他还发明了至今仍在使用的工具。 考查定语从句。根据“He also invented tools”可知，先行词为tools，复数名词。从句的谓语动词用动词原形。tools意为“工具”，因此关系代词用that。故选D。 2．The movie ________ we saw last night was very interesting. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们昨晚看的那部电影非常有趣。 考查定语从句。who谁，指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom谁，指人，在从句中作宾语；which哪一个，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose谁的，在从句中作定语，表所属关系。句中先行词是“The movie”，指物，关系代词在从句“we saw last night”中作动词“saw”的宾语，因此需用指物的关系代词which。故选C。 3．Do you know anyone __________ knows about the history of Qing Dynasty? A．who B．which C．/ D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你认识了解清朝历史的人吗？ 考查定语从句的关系词选择。who谁，关系代词，指人；which哪个，关系代词，指物；/不填；whose谁的，关系代词，表所属。根据“anyone...knows about the history of Qing Dynasty”以及选项可知，应用关系代词who，引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词“anyone”，指人，并在从句中作主语。故选A。 4．Without the keys, the manager had to wait in front of the office __________ was locked ten minutes ago. A．who B．which C．/ D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：由于没有钥匙，经理不得不在十分钟前锁上的办公室门口等着。 考查定语从句。who在定语从句中作主语或宾语，修饰人；which在定语从句中作主语或宾语，修饰物；/不填；whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。先行词“the office”为事物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which或that指代，且主语位置不可省略。故选B。 5．I know the girl ________ is standing next to the kangaroo. A．when B．which C．where D．who 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我认识那个站在袋鼠旁边的女孩。 考查定语从句引导词。when什么时候，在从句中作时间状语；which哪一个，先行词为物；where在哪里，作地点状语；who谁，先行词为人。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句，先行词“the girl”为人，且在从句中作主语，所以应该用who。故选D。 6．This is the old building ________ twenty years ago. A．Grandma lived B．Grandma lives C．that Grandma lived D．that Grandma lived in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这是奶奶二十年前住过的老建筑。 考查定语从句。根据“This is the old building...twenty years ago.”及选项可知，这里需要一个定语从句来修饰“the old building”，说明是“奶奶二十年前住过的老建筑”。live” 为不及物动词，后接地点需加介词 in，定语从句中关系代词 that 作 in 的宾语，故正确答案为 D。 7．Shanghai is experiencing another extreme heatwave, ________ has become more frequent in recent years due to climate change. A．that B．which C．who D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上海正在经历又一场极端热浪，由于气候变化，这类极端热浪近年来变得愈发频繁。 考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。that不能引导非限制性定语从句；which先行词是物；who先行词是人；when先行词是时间。根据“extreme heatwave”可知，先行词指物，应用which引导。故选B。 8．He didn’t tell the teacher the reason he was late for class. A．that B．which C．why D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他没有告诉老师他上课迟到的原因。 考查定语从句。that关系代词，先行词为人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；which关系代词，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；why关系副词，先行词为the reason，在从句中作状语；who关系代词，先行词为人，在从句中作主语或宾语。根据“the reason”为先行词且从句成分完整可知，此处的定语从句需要用关系副词why连接。故选C。 9．The Dragon Boat Festival, a traditional festival in China, ______ boasts a long-standing history. A．who B．which C．where D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：端午节是中国的传统节日，它有着悠久的历史。 考查定语从句。who谁，指代人；which哪一个，指代物；where哪里，指代地点；when何时，指代时间。根据句子结构可知，本句为定语从句，先行词是“The Dragon Boat Festival”，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用which引导定语从句。故选B。 10．They are talking about the greatest inventions _________ have made a big difference to our daily life. A．which B．who C．why D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他们正在讨论那些对我们日常生活产生了重大影响的最伟大发明。 考查定语从句。根据“the greatest inventions ... have made a big difference to our daily life”可知，先行词是“inventions”（物），且被形容词最高级“greatest”修饰，关系代词用“that”，在从句中作主语。故选D。 11．—Did you watch the report about Zhang Guimei, the teacher ________ got the title of “Role Model of the Times (时代楷模)” in 2020? —Yes, I did. I was deeply moved by what she did for the children in the poor area. A．which B．who C．what D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你看了关于张桂梅老师的报道吗？那位在2020年获得“时代楷模”称号的老师。——是的，我看了。她为贫困地区的孩子们所做的事深深打动了我。 考查定语从句。which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；what什么，不引导定语从句；whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。根据“the teacher ... got the title of ‘Role Model of the Times (时代楷模)’ in 2020”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词the teacher指人，且在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选B。 12．The thought of going back home was ______ kept him happy while he was working abroad. A．all that B．all C．that D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当他在国外工作时，一想到要回家，他就能感到无比快乐。 考查定语从句。was后的表语是不定代词all，表示“所有……的事”，“kept him happy”这是一个定语从句，先行词是all，关系词只能用that，故选A。 13．He had the opportunity to spend two weeks with the Hadza (哈扎人) and said ________ with them changed the way ________ he looked at the world. A．that being; which B．being; which C．that being; / D．/; that. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他有机会与哈扎人共度两周，并表示与他们相处改变了他看待世界的方式。 考查宾语从句引导词和定语从句关系词。第一空，“said that...”是常用结构，“that”引导宾语从句，从句中“being with them”作主语，所以第一空填“that being”；第二空，“the way”作先行词，后面的定语从句“he looked at the world”中，关系词在从句中作状语，可省略，所以第二空不填。故选C。 14．I’ll never forget the lesson ______ I learned last year. A．that B．who C．what D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记去年学到的教训。 考查定语从句。that引导定语从句时，可在从句中作主语或宾语，指代人或物；who引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语或宾语，指代人；what不能引导定语从句；whom引导定语从句时，在从句中作宾语，指代人。根据“…I learned last year”是定语从句，修饰先行词“the lesson”，且从句中缺少宾语，所以应用关系代词that引导该定语从句。故选A。 15．Please tell me ________ he said to you last night. A．all which B．what all C．all that D．that all 【答案】C 【详解】句意：请告诉我他昨晚对你说的所有话。 考查直接宾语和定语从句。tell sb sth“告诉某人某事”，空处到“last night”作宾语，且其中包含了定语从句。“tell me”后应直接填all作直接宾语，且all为定语从句的先行词。定语从句中，先行词为all，关系词用that。故选C。 16．Mr. Lee is the only doctor ________ we can turn to at present. A．who B．what C．which D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：李先生是我们目前唯一可以求助的医生。 考查定语从句。who引导定语从句时，先行词指人；what不用于引导定语从句；which引导定语从句时，先行词指物；that引导定语从句时，先行词可指人，也可指物。根据题干可知，空处是定语从句的引导词，先行词是doctor，指人，且被the only修饰，所以空处应用that引导此定语从句。故选D。 17．I’m interested in the writers ________ popular among teenagers. A．that is B．who is C．who are D．which are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我对青少年中受欢迎的作家感兴趣。 考查定语从句。先行词是the writers，关系代词在定语从句中作主语且指人，引导词用that/who，从句谓语用are，故选C。 18．Tea is the leaf of a plant ________ grows widely in China, Japan and other countries. A．what B．who C．that D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：茶叶是一种植物的叶子，这种植物在中国、日本和其他国家广泛生长。 考查定语从句关系词。what不能引导定语从句；who引导定语从句时，先行词是人；that引导定语从句时，先行词可以是人或物；when引导定语从句时，先行词是时间。此句先行词a plant是物，所以用that。故选C。 19．Mr. Smith has just given us a speech ________ was about developing reading skills. A．which B．what C．whom D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：史密斯先生刚刚给我们做了一个关于培养阅读技巧的演讲。 考查定语从句。which哪一个，指代物；what什么，不引导定语从句；whom谁，宾格，指代人；who谁，主格，指代人。先行词speech指物，因此选择关系代词which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代speech。故选A。 20．—Who is the hero in your mind? —Huang Danian. He is a scientist _________ has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探). A．where B．which C．who D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你心目中的英雄是谁？——黄大年。他是一位帮助中国在深海勘探领域取得巨大进步的科学家。 考查定语从句关系词。where引导定语从句，指地点；which引导定语从句，指物；who引导定语从句，指人；what不能引导定语从句。空处到“exploration”位于名词“scientist”后，此句为定语从句。先行词为“a scientist”，指人，且从句中缺少主语，用who引导定语从句。故选C。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $