Unit4 Period 1 Reading and Thinking-课后巩固 多维提能-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教用Word(人教版)

本讲义聚焦高中英语核心语言知识，构建从词形转换（如名词“anticipate”变形容词“anticipatory”）、动词形式变换（如“breath”变动词“breathed”），到固定搭配（如“arise from”“out of breath”），再到句式升级（如as引导非限制性定语从句、强调句与倒装句转换）的递进学习支架，最终结合教材主题实现语篇应用。 资料通过分层训练提升语言能力，如维度三句式升级培养分析与创造思维品质，维度四教材改编阅读助力拓展学习渠道。实例中“Not until...did I know”倒装训练深化语法理解，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后学生可借助词汇、句式及阅读题型回顾强化，有效弥补知识盲点。

维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换 1．Regardless of others' objection, I signed up for the program which was two weeks in duration (during). 2．With great anticipation(anticipate), the students waited for the announcement of the winner. 3．It's a pity that the merciful farmer rescued the frozen(freeze) snake but it bit him. 4．We were all exhausted, but our trip to Jinan was really unforgettable and pleasant(please). 5．The boy breathed(breath) a sigh of relief hearing that he wouldn't be dismissed. 6．Health problems arising(arise) from poor diet and lack of exercise are becoming increasingly common. 7．While cars and trains are moving towards greener, electric power，emissions from air travel are expected to increase massively (massive) by 2050. 8．The instant he finished his speech, the hall was filled with thunderous (thunder) applause. 维度二　固定用法和搭配 1．It is anticipated that the government will introduce new measures to address environmental problems. 2．As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. 3．I checked the train schedule to find out when my train bound for Shanghai was arriving. 4．On a cold night, the little match girl was frozen to death in a street corner. 5．After playing basketball for 20 minutes, he sat down, out of breath. 6．At break, our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters arising from his class. 7．We delivered speeches in turn, sharing(share) the most impressive parts of the exhibition. 8．Anyhow, it was they rather than I that were(be) to blame for the silly mistake. 维度三　完成句子/句式升级/一句多译 1．众所周知，没有奉献精神和面对挫折的勇气就不会有任何成就。(as引导非限制性定语从句) As__is__known__to__us,__nothing can be achieved without dedication and willingness to face frustration. 2．事故往往是粗心造成的，所以你开车时再小心也不为过。 Accidents often__arise__from__carelessness,__so you can't be careful enough while driving. 3．我看着试卷，发现题目很难，想要放弃。[现在分词(短语)作状语] Looking__at__the__test__paper,__I found the questions were hard and wanted to give up. 4．I didn't know you were fond of Chinese culture until I received your last letter. →It__was__not__until__I__received__your__last__letter__that__I__knew you were fond of Chinese culture. (强调句型) →Not__until__I__received__your__last__letter__did__I__know you were fond of Chinese culture.(倒装句)　 5．中国人更喜欢用筷子吃饭，而不是像西方人一样使用刀叉。 (1)Chinese people would__rather__eat__with__chopsticks__than__use__knives__and__forks as Westerners do. (2)Chinese people prefer__to__eat__with__chopsticks__rather__than__use__knives__and__forks as Westerners do. (3)Chinese people would__eat__with__chopsticks__rather__than__use__knives__and__forks as Westerners do. 维度四　融合教材·主题探究 【改编自外研必修二U5】 We started from Vancouver, where we picked up our vehicle for the trip—a home on wheels. It took us where we wanted, when we wanted. The views were fantastic. There were forests, mountains with snowy tops and masses of ice. It's like another world. We reached Quebec on the eighth day, where most people speak French. Well, actually, they speak Quebecois, which is a type of Canadian French. The funniest thing happened on that day. I'd fallen asleep, when I heard Dad's phone ringing. He was driving, so I answered it. Guess who it was? Mum! It was then that I realised her seat was empty! How did that happen? Well, while I was sleeping, Dad stopped for some petrol and Mum also got out to take photos, and you can guess the rest...She was so mad! To cheer her up, we went to a typical Quebec restaurant for lunch. We had the famous “poutine”， which is a dish of French fries, fresh cheese and a hot brown sauce called “gravy”. It's usually followed by pancakes with maple syrup—delicious! So, we're now in Newfoundland, the very eastern part of Canada and the end of our journey. To celebrate, we went on a boat trip yesterday. Mum was using Dad's phone to take photos of the colourful little houses along the coast when we saw something amazing—a killer whale! Mum was so excited that she dropped the phone into the sea. This time it was Dad's turn to get mad! Anyway, another family from Quebec was also on the boat and they got some great photos of the whale. They're going to send them to us when they get back home. 1．How did the author's family travel? A．By train.　　　　　　B．By bus. C．By car. D．By plane. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about Quebec? A.It is a place belonging to France. B．It is in the very eastern part of Canada. C．The author's family got lost several times there. D．Most people there speak French. 3．What happened when the author's family was on a boat trip? A．They met another family from France. B．Mum took some great photos of a killer whale. C.Mum dropped Dad's phone into the sea. D．The author practised French a lot with the son from another family. 答案：1～3.CDC 　[学生用书P197(单独成册)] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·浙江金兰教育合作组织期中)Known for its ancient ruins, whitewashed villages, sunny beaches, tasty cuisine and friendly atmosphere, it is no wonder that Greece ranks among Europe's top travel destinations. Here's a look at some best places to visit in Greece： Cape Sounion Situated at the southernmost tip of the Attica peninsula, Cape Sounion is best known as the site of the ruins of the ancient Greek temple of Poseidon, the god of the sea. The remains are perched on the headland, surrounded on three sides by the sea. Thessaloniki Thessaloniki is Greece's second-largest city. Lively festivals, social events and a buzzing nightlife make this city the cultural capital of Greece. Comprised of a historic city center and commercial district, Thessaloniki offers both old and new attractions. Crete The largest of the Greek islands, Crete is a spacious land of pleasing contrasts where landscapes range from stunning coastline to rugged mountains and rolling countryside dotted with olive trees. Steeped in history, Crete bears archaeological traces of the many civilizations that inhabited it down through the centuries. Athens Inhabited for more than 3，000 years, Athens is widely known as the birthplace of Western civilization. The city presents a confusing mixture of historical and modern features. Athens is famous not only for its archaeological ruins and monuments such as the famous Acropolis, the Parthenon and the Ancient Agora just to name a few, but also for business, culture and nightlife. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个值得参观的希腊旅游目的地。 1．Where can the tourists learn most about Greek culture? A．Cape Sounion.　　　　B．Thessaloniki. C．Crete. D．Athens. B　解析：细节理解题。根据Thessaloniki部分中的“Lively festivals, social events...the cultural capital of Greece.”可知，游客可以在塞萨洛尼基了解希腊文化。 2．What do we know about Athens? A．It is home to Western civilization. B．It is best known for archaeological ruins. C．It has a history of 3，000 years. D．It lacks modern attractions. A　解析：细节理解题。根据Athens部分中的“Inhabited for more than 3，000 years, Athens is widely known as the birthplace of Western civilization.”可知，雅典是西方文明的发源地。 3．Where can we most probably read this passage? A．In a research paper. B．In a geography textbook. C．In a personal diary. D．In a travel magazine. D　解析：文章出处题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段内容可知，文章以介绍希腊旅游目的地为主题，列举了几个值得参观的地方，因此最有可能出现在旅游杂志上。 B (2025·浙江金兰教育合作组织期中)Dozens of rivers and streams in Alaska are turning rust (生锈的) orange, a likely result of thawing permafrost (冻土解冻), a new study finds. The Arctic is the fastest-warming region in the globe, and as the frozen ground below the surface melts, minerals once locked away in that soil are now flowing into waterways. “It's an unforeseen impact of climate change.” said Brett Poulin, study author and assistant professor of environmental toxicology at University of California Davis. The permafrost thaw is exposing minerals to oxygen in a process known as weathering, which increases the acidity of the water and dissolves (溶解) metals like zinc, copper and iron—the most apparent metal that gives the rivers a rusty color visible even from satellite images. The study highlights the potential degradation of drinking water and risk to fisheries in the Arctic. “When mixed with another river, it can actually make the metals even more potent in its impact to aquatic (水生的) health.” Poulin said. The phenomenon was first observed in 2018, when researchers noticed the milky orange appearance of the rivers across northern Alaska's Brooks Range. Within the year, a river in Kobuk Valley national park saw the complete loss of two local fish species. “Our data suggests that when the river turned orange, we saw a significant decrease in macroinvertebrates and biofilm on the bottom of the stream, which is essentially the base of the food web，” Poulin said of the rusting phenomenon. “It could be changing where fish are going to be able to live.” The rusting is a seasonal phenomenon, occurring in the summer typically during July and August, when the soil is thawed the deepest. The researchers at the National Park Service, US Geological Survey and University of California Davis now want to better understand the long-term possible effects of the changing water chemistry in places with continuous permafrost, which includes Arctic regions such as Alaska, Canada, Russia and parts of Scandinavia. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阿拉斯加的河流变色现象，并分析了其原因和影响。 4．Why do some waters in Alaska change color? A．Because minerals flow into them. B．Because the acidity decreases. C．Because of waste. D．Because of unforeseen factors. A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，阿拉斯加的一些水域因为矿物质流入而变色。 5．What negative influence may permafrost thaw cause according to the study? A．It may expose minerals to oxygen. B．It may contribute to rivers' color change. C．It may pose a threat to fishing industry. D．It may result in a complete loss of local fish. C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study highlights...risk to fisheries in the Arctic.”以及第三段中的“When mixed with another river...impact to aquatic health.”可知，永久冻土解冻可能对渔业造成威胁。 6．What does the underlined word “potent” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Hard. B．Powerful. C．Visible. D．Smelly. B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“The study highlights...in the Arctic.”以及画线词所在句可推知，当含有金属元素的河流与另一条河流混合时，金属对水生健康的影响会更加强烈，由此可推知，画线词意为“强烈的”。 7．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Institutions will further study the issue. B．Soil is thawed the deepest in the summer. C．Ongoing thawing permafrost will do harm to Arctic regions. D．The impact of rusting shouldn't be ignored in the long run. A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The researchers at the National Park Service...now want to better understand...with continuous permafrost”可知，有关机构将进一步研究这个问题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2025·湖南省市县期中联考)Every year, Ursula Bannister would go to the same place on High Rock Lookout. On August 28, 79-year-old Ursula Bannister was hiking there __1__. She made the hike to __2__ her mother, who had been buried (安葬) there years earlier. __3__， on her way down, she stepped into a shallow hole, which __4__ her to break her leg in three places. That day, Bannister went hiking __5__， so when she realized that she broke her leg, she cried out for __6__. Then after about ten minutes, several other hikers __7__， giving her medical aid and calling 911. But rescuers were not __8__ to reach the spot within five hours. The news wasn't very __9__， because Bannister was in great trouble then. That __10__ was too long for Bannister. Troy May, U．S. Air Force Airman 1st Class, and his friend, Layton Allen, __11__ to take action. May put Bannister on his back and carried her down the trail. During the journey, May and Allen had Bannister tell stories of her life in order to take her mind off her __12__. After reaching the end of the trail, they put Bannister in their vehicle and drove her about two hours to a hospital in Tacoma. “I truly felt that these two guys were meant to be there to __13__ me，” Bannister says, expressing her __14__. “I consider them my angels.” Later, May received an achievement medal for his __15__ on that day. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了厄休拉·班尼斯特在徒步旅行中意外摔伤腿，幸得特洛伊·梅和他的朋友莱顿·艾伦及时救助的故事。 1．A.as usual　　　　　　B．in time C．by mistake D．for fun A　解析：根据上文“Every year, Ursula Bannister would go to the same place on High Rock Lookout.”可知，班尼斯特像往常一样(as usual)在那里徒步旅行。 2．A.amuse B．honor C．defend D．persuade B　解析：根据下文“who had been buried there years earlier”可知，班尼斯特的母亲多年前葬在那里，由此可推知，她去那里是为了纪念(honor)母亲。 3．A.Undoubtedly B．Similarly C．Unavoidably D．Accidentally D　解析：根据下文“on her way down, she stepped into a shallow hole, which ______ her to break her leg in three places”可知，她意外(accidentally)摔伤。 4．A.allowed B．forced C．warned D．caused D　解析：根据上文“she stepped into a shallow hole”可推知，班尼斯特踩进了一个浅洞导致(cause)腿三处骨折。 5．A.unwillingly B．alone C．late D．hurriedly B　解析：根据下文“Then after about ten minutes, several other hikers ______， giving her medical aid and calling 911.”可推知，那天她是独自(alone)去徒步旅行。 6．A.company B．freedom C．help D．motivation C　解析：根据上文“when she realized that she broke her leg”可知，班尼斯特意识到自己摔断了腿时会大声呼救(help)。 7．A.competed B．approached C．hesitated D．parted B　解析：根据下文“giving her medical aid”可推知，大约十分钟后，其他几名徒步旅行者走近(approach)了受伤的班尼斯特。 8．A.expected B．advised C．reminded D．required A　解析：根据上文“calling 911”和表示转折的“But”可推知，虽然有人帮忙拨打了911，但救援人员预计无法在5小时内到达现场，be expected to do sth.意为“预计做某事”。 9．A.necessary B．surprising C．encouraging D．formal C　解析：根据上文“But rescuers were not ______ to reach the spot within five hours.”可知，救援人员无法在5小时内到达现场，这是个不太鼓舞人心的(encouraging)消息。 10．A.training B．wait C．recovery D．rest B　解析：根据上文“But rescuers were not ______ to reach the spot within five hours.”可知，救援人员无法在5小时内到达现场，因此这么长的等待(wait)对于受伤的班尼斯特来说太长了。 11．A.decided B．promised C．remembered D．happened A　解析：根据语境可推知，这两人是决定(decide)采取行动帮助班尼斯特。 12．A.shyness B．impatience C．rank D．pain D　解析：根据语境可知，两人让班尼斯特讲述她的生活故事，是为了让她忘记疼痛(pain)。 13．A.rescue B．applaud C．stimulate D．examine A　解析：根据上文“May put Bannister on his back and carried her down the trail.”和“After reaching the end of...a hospital in Tacoma.”可推知，班尼斯特指的是他们注定要来拯救(rescue)她。 14．A.sorrow B．concern C．appreciation D．commitment C　解析：根据下文“I consider them my angels.”可知，此处是表达了感激(appreciation)之情。 15．A.talent B．leadership C．discovery D．action D　解析：根据上文“May put Bannister on his back and carried her down the trail.”和“After reaching the end of...a hospital in Tacoma.”可知，梅因为那天的救人行为(action)获得了一枚成就奖章。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2025·杭州二中高二期中)Greenpeace is not satisfied 1.____________ the EU move, saying in a statement that the 2035 deadline is too late 2.____________(limit) global warming to below 1.5 ℃. “Europe desperately needs to decarbonize (使碳减排)transport, but ministers missed a 3.____________(gold) opportunity. It is now in 4.____________ hands of national authorities to cut car usage, boost public transport, and make more livable cities and towns where more people can cycle or walk，” Greenpeace EU transport campaigner Lorelei Limousin said. Greenpeace criticized EU national governments for 5.____________(open) the door to further promote “expensive and inefficient synthetic (合成的) fuels that are harmful to the environment and the climate”． The Czech Republic, which 6.____________(take) the rotating (轮流) six-month presidency of the Council of the EU from France last Friday, has listed energy sector 7.____________(transform) as a priority but said that it must be carried out in a socially and 8.____________(economic) sensitive manner so as not to ruin the living standards of EU citizens and the competitiveness of industry. European Commission Executive Vice-President, 9.____________ is in charge of the EU's Green Deal initiative, applauded the agreement by EU environment ministers as setting the EU on a path toward 10.____________(it) goals. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色和平组织在一份声明中表示，要将全球变暖控制在1.5 ℃以下，2035年的最后期限为时已晚。 1．with　解析：考查介词。be satisfied with 是固定短语，意为“对……满意”。 2．to limit　解析：考查非谓语动词。“too＋adj.＋to do”是固定句型，意为“太……而不能……”，空处应用动词不定式。 3．golden　解析：考查形容词。空处作定语，修饰名词opportunity，应用形容词形式。 4．the　解析：考查冠词。in the hands of sb.是固定短语，意为“受某人控制”，空处应用定冠词 the。 5．opening　解析：考查非谓语动词。for 是介词，其后跟动词-ing 形式作宾语。 6．took　解析：考查动词的时态。根据last Friday 可知，此处描述过去的事情，空处应用一般过去时。 7．transformation(s)　解析：考查名词。空处应用名词形式作宾语，且意为“改革”，应用transformation(s)。 8．economically　解析：考查副词。空处修饰形容词sensitive，应用副词形式。 9．who　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词 European Commission Executive Vice-President指人，应用关系代词 who。 10．its　解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“使欧盟走上实现它的目标的道路”，空处应用形容词性物主代词 its。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $