Unit1 Period 3 Using Language-课后巩固 多维提能-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教用Word(人教版)

本讲义聚焦高中英语核心语言知识，系统梳理词形转换（如defend→defence）、固定搭配（如have an impact on）等基础词汇用法，衔接倒装结构（not only置于句首）、过去分词作状语等语法要点，结合教材主题探究（如北师大选必四U12霍金事迹），构建从词汇语法到语篇应用的学习支架。 资料特色在于融合真实语篇（如Hamza Yassin成长故事、火星苔藓研究），通过主题探究培养文化意识与思维品质，多样化练习（一句多译、阅读题型）提升语言表达与理解能力。课中辅助教师分层教学，课后助力学生巩固基础、查漏补缺，有效发展自主学习能力。

维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换 1．She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence(defend). 2．This great battle was vividly(vivid) recorded in the documentary film. 3．Initially(initial), he didn't believe that he could accomplish his goals. 4．She worked as a secretary, or rather, a personal assistant(assist). 5．What shocked us was that the gifted(gift) astronomer came down with a severe infection. 6．The machine has been causing a lot of problems recently because of its faulty(fault) parts. 维度二　固定用法和搭配 1．What the teachers have done will have a great impact on/upon their students in the future. 2．Despite his extensive experience in the field, he didn't seem to understand the complexity of the project at all. 3．When anxiety beats you，or casts a shadow over/on your life, this is a serious problem that needs to be addressed. 4．Students should be trained to defend themselves from/against some attacks. 5．Charged with stealing money, the man was brought to the court. 6．Since you are gifted in English teaching, we sincerely want you to be our guest to share your experience on English learning next Thursday. 7．Nobody knew who was at fault for the train accident. 8．The teacher stepped into the office, followed(follow) by several students. 维度三　完成句子/一句多译 1．通过这次活动，我们不仅获得了园艺知识，而且对大自然有了更好的了解。(not only置于句首引起部分倒装) Not__only__did__we__gain__knowledge__of__gardening,__but we also had a better understanding of nature from this activity. 2．夏天长时间暴露在阳光下，你会被晒伤的。[过去分词(短语)作状语] Exposed__to__the__sunlight__for__a__long__time__in__summer,__you will get sunburnt. 3．说实话，我从来没有见过比我们班长更负责任的人。(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义) Honestly speaking, I__have__never__seen__a__more__responsible__person__than__our__monitor． 4．他不能负责这个项目，因为这超出了他的能力。 (1)The__project__can't__be__in__the__charge__of__him because it is beyond his ability. (2)He__can't__take__charge__of/be__in__charge__of__the__project because it is beyond his ability. 5．总是会竭尽全力保护孩子免受伤害和危险是一个母亲的天性。 (1)It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to__defend__her__child__from__harm__and__danger．(defend v．) (2)It is the nature of a mother to do all she can in__defence__of__her__child__from__harm__and__danger．(defence n．) 维度四　融合教材·主题探究 【改编自北师大选必四U12】 On 14 March, 2018, one of the world's most influential scientists, Stephen Hawking, died at his home in England, aged 76.Hawking was famous, not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology, but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control). At the age of 21, when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge, physicians discovered he had a rare, slowprogressing form of ALS. He was only expected to live for a few years. Hawking later found a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge.In the early stages of his career, his illness got worse, but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach, which was easier for him. In 1985, he had to have an operation. As a result, he lost his speech. Soon his doctors developed a piece of speech-generating equipment that allowed him to speak. However, as his illness became worse, he lost the use of his hands. Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades, he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes. Hawking believed that the birth of the universe (the “Big Bang”) created many small black holes. Hawking also wrote books. His 1988 book, A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes, sold one copy for every 750 people on Earth. However, many people could not really understand what he had written. Therefore, Hawking decided to write a simpler version, A Briefer History of Time (2005). In spite of his disease, Hawking didn't consider himself an unlucky man. He said it had not prevented him from having a family, and being successful in his work. “My expectations were reduced to zero when I was 21.Everything since then has been a bonus.” And he believed this was because of the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations. 1．Which of the following is NOT what Hawking was famous for? A．His brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology. B．His overcoming the challenges of ALS. C．His 1988 book. D．His speechgenerating equipment. 2．Which order is RIGHT according to the passage? a.going to the University of Cambridge b．writing the book A Brief History of Time c．having an operation d．developing a number of new ideas about black holes　 A.a→c→b→d 　　　　B．a→c→d→b C．c→a→d→b D．a→b→c→d 3．What was Stephen Hawking's attitude towards life? A．Optimistic. B．Discouraged. C．Indifferent. D．Disappointed. 答案：1～3.DBA 　[学生用书P155(单独成册)] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·浙江G5联盟期中)Born in Sudan in 1990, Hamza Yassin is a wildlife cameraman and TV presenter. He was eight when they landed in the UK.Besides the changes in climate, he also had to adjust to the change in pets: “Where are everyone's pet lions and monkeys? It was all cats and dogs.I hadn't realised what a special upbringing I had had.But it was the UK that cemented my love of wildlife.At first glance, it doesn't look like there is a lot of wildlife, especially in the winter.But if you peel back the layers, there is so much.” Though his doctor parents didn't have time to closely teach him, they did turn on the television; in particular, the Discovery Channel. David Attenborough's The Life of Birds was an eye-opening experience, and Steve Irwin was a huge inspiration, too.While he thought they had cool jobs, he never thought he could be a presenter.He never saw anyone like him in front of the camera.He was a teenager who wasn't white. It was still a long road to establishing his career, though.It was not until after he became an assistant for the incredible wildlife cameraman Jesse Wilkinson that he realized he needed to create his own journey. When he was 21, he traveled with friends to the Highlands. Two weeks later, he was back there for good. He told his parents he was living in a beautiful cottage.The truth was that he was living in his car, just trying to make ends meet.He parked at the local ferry terminal but lived there happily for nine months, doing odd jobs—cutting grass, and moving furniture to earn enough money to survive.During that time, he was cutting his teeth as a wildlife cameraman—he was determined that he wouldn't go back to Northampton with his tail between his legs and say to his parents: “I've been defeated.” Luckily, everything paid off. That experience taught him everything he needed to know about the profession. Eventually Hamza became a renowned wildlife cameraman, inspiring others to pursue their dreams regardless of their background. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了野生动物摄影师哈姆扎·亚辛的成长故事。 1．What does the underlined word “cemented” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Strengthened.　　　　　B．Assessed. C．Challenged. D．Reduced. A　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句下文可知，正是在英国，哈姆扎·亚辛增强了对野生动物的热爱。因此，画线词意为“加强”。 2．Why did NOT Hamza think he could be a TV presenter at the beginning? A．He took no passion for being a presenter. B．He feared to stand in front of the camera. C．He lacked confidence because of his color. D．He obtained little support from his parents. C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He never saw anyone like him in front of the camera.He was a teenager who wasn't white.”可推知，哈姆扎一开始不认为自己可以成为一名电视节目主持人是因为他因为肤色而缺乏自信。 3．Why does the author mention Hamza's trip to the Highlands? A．It led to a life-long friendship. B．It enriched his life experience. C．It refined his photography skills. D．It started his own career journey. D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，作者提到哈姆扎的高地之旅是为了说明哈姆扎是从这次旅行开始自己的职业旅程的。 4．What can we learn from Hamza's experience? A．Great minds think alike. B．Strike while the iron is hot. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Where there's a will, there's a way. D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“During that time, he was cutting...‘I’ve been defeated.’”和最后一段内容可推知，我们能从哈姆扎的经历中明白：有志者，事竟成。 B (2025·江苏海安高级中学期中)While the hero relied on potatoes cultivated in biowaste to survive in the hit film The Martian, the researchers say it is a humble desert moss (藓类) that might prove crucial to establishing life on Mars. Scientists in China say they have found Syntrichia caninervis—a moss found in Antarctic and desert—is able to bear Mars-like conditions, including drought, high levels of radiation and extreme cold. The moss was able to regenerate under normal growth conditions after spending up to five years at －80℃ and up to 30 days at －196℃， and after exposure to gamma rays, with doses of around 500Gy even promoting new growth.The team then created a set-up that had similar pressures, temperatures, gases and UV radiation to Mars.It found the moss survived in this Mars-like environment, and was able to regenerate under normal growth conditions, even after seven days of exposure. “These experiments represent an important first step, but they do not show that the moss could be a significant source of oxygen under Martian conditions, nor do they show that the desert moss could reproduce in the Martian context，” McDaniel said.“Implying that moss, or any other pioneering species, is ready to terraform (行星地球化) Mars, or any other outer planet, is an overstatement，” Zupanska added. Dr.Wiger of Wageningen University, also raised concerns, including that temperatures on the red planet rarely got above freezing, making outdoor plant growth impossible, while the new study did not use Mars-like soil.“The mosses were treated under Mars circumstances for a maximum of several days and then regrown under Earth conditions on sand，” he said.“This, of course, doesn't show at all they can grow under Mars conditions.” However, Prof.Edward Guinan of Villanova University in the US described the study as impressive.“This extremotolerant moss could promise to be a pioneer plant for Mars colonization，” he said, although he noted the moss would need water to grow. “We have a lot of things to do，” he said.“But this lowly desert moss offers hope for making small portions of Mars habitable for humankind in the future.” 【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了苔藓是否能成为火星上的先锋生物。 5．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning the potatoes? A．The potatoes played a crucial role in the film. B．The moss led to survival of the potatoes on Mars. C．The moss may survive on Mars like these potatoes. D．The success of the film resulted from the plot about potatoes. C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，通过提到电影中的土豆，作者想说明苔藓可能像电影中的土豆一样可以在火星上生存。 6．What can be implied from what McDaniel and Zupanska said? A．The moss has a long way to be a Martian plant. B．It is unlikely that the Earth species can grow on Mars. C．The experiments about the moss were a complete success. D.They will research into reproducing the moss in the Martian context. A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，苔藓要成为火星植物还有很长的路要走。 7．Which one is RIGHT about the characteristic of the moss in the passage? A．Resistant to water. B．Adaptable to Martian soil. C．Capable of producing oxygen on Mars. D．Regenerative under Earth condition. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“then regrown under Earth conditions on sand”可知，苔藓的特征是在地球条件下再生。 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Can Mars actually become a second Earth? B．Can scientists create a set-up similar to Mars? C．Can a moss become a pioneer living on Mars? D．Can researchers make it to Mars colonization? C　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章探讨了苔藓是否能成为火星上的先锋生物。因此，C项最适合作文章标题。 Ⅱ.七选五 How Mobile Technology has Changed Our Lives Forever The invention of the mobile phone and mobile technology was incredible. 1.________ Here we highlight the most common ones that technology is changing our lives today. ·Mobile technology has changed how we communicate. The advancement of technology has made communication unbelievably fast and convenient. In the past, writing a letter or finding a wired telephone was the best way to communicate with the people at a distance. 2.________ You can send them a message on social media, text them, have a video chat with them, email them, or give them a call. ·Mobile technology creates the “all-purpose” device. With many businesses mobile technology has brought about, there are some products that it has made out of date.Now just one device has replaced the portable (便携式的) music player, the alarm clock, the calculator, the camera, the flashlight, the calendar and much more. 3.________　 ·Mobile technology leads to everpresent distraction. In many places, it's a common sight to see just about everyone with a mobile phone within his reach.From the first two aspects listed above, that can be useful. 4.________ As mobile technology has become more and more widespread in today's society, research has begun to connect heavy day-to-day use with a number of side effects, the majority of which are related to mental health. 5．________ We should accept that mobile technology is here to stay and improve our lives for the better in spite of its shortcomings.In my opinion, its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages. A．We cannot ignore its disadvantages. B．All in all, mobile technology greatly benefits our lives. C．However, instant access is not always a good thing. D．While these things do still exist, they are no longer absolutely essential. E.Nowadays, you are blessed with more efficient options at your fingertips. F．The conventional way of doing shopping has also changed beyond imagination. G．Since then, advances in mobile technology have shaped our lives in various ways. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章从生活中几个常见的方面介绍了移动技术给我们的生活带来的改变。 1．G　解析：根据空后一句及下文中的小标题可知，文章接下来具体说明了移动技术在哪些方面改变了我们的生活，空处应引出话题，G项符合语境。 2．E　解析：根据小标题“Mobile technology has changed how we communicate.”可知，这一部分讲述的是移动技术改变了我们的沟通方式。空前一句介绍的是过去的沟通方式，而E项中的Nowadays和上文中的In the past形成对照，并引出下文对现在沟通方式的说明。 3．D　解析：根据空前一句可知，由于移动技术的发展，现在的一种设备可以拥有多种设备的功能。D项中的these things指代上文提到的多种设备。 4．C　解析：根据空后一句可知，此处讲述的是移动设备所带来的副作用。C项中的not always a good thing与下文中的a number of side effects相呼应。 5．B　解析：根据空后一句可知，移动技术虽然有缺点，但对我们的生活还是有利的。B项中的benefits our lives呼应下文中的improve our lives for the better。 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2025·湖北部分名校期中联考)On August 8th, 2023, a big fire broke out in Lahaina, Hawaii.The fire __1__ through Lahaina and destroyed almost 2，200 houses.It left about 7，000 people without their possessions and in need of __2__． That afternoon, Kalyn Lepre nearly lost everything including seven surfboards.Lepre surfed almost every day; surfing was a __3__ of joy and a means to __4__ mental health.Jud Lau, a longtime surfer, has been building surfboards for the last 15 years.He believes losing a board is like losing a part of one's __5__． Wanting to help the victims, Lau started by connecting people who wanted to donate __6__ boards to those who had lost theirs.But many surfers, like Lepre, use custom (定制的) boards designed to __7__ to their size or the type of waves they ride.So Lau raised approximately $20，000 to __8__ the cost of materials for shaping custom boards to __9__．Finally he made 40 boards that would __10__ have been sold for $600 to $1，500 each. The recipients of Lau's efforts included Lepre.Lau __11__her a high-performance board __12__with a sunset fading from yellow to orange.Lepre cried while receiving the new board.“Just getting back in the water was one of the most __13__ experiences of my life.Jud __14__ me back a huge part of my mental health，” said Lepre，__15__ welling up in her voice. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在火灾后，一些冲浪爱好者失去了他们的冲浪板，而冲浪爱好者尤德·劳决定通过收集捐赠和亲自制作定制冲浪板来帮助这些失去冲浪板的受灾者的故事。 1．A.wiped　　　　　　B．burnt C．lit D．swept D　解析：根据下文“through Lahaina and destroyed almost 2，200 houses”可知，此处指大火席卷了拉海纳。sweep through意为“席卷”。 2．A.guidance B．shelter C．approval D．scholarship B　解析：根据上文“It left about 7，000 people without their possessions”及常识可知，此处指大火让很多人失去了房子，需要庇护(shelter)。 3．A.waste B．source C．variety D．combination B　解析：根据上文“Lepre surfed almost every day”及语境可知，此处指冲浪是快乐的来源(source)。 4．A.tackle B．assess C．maintain D．suffer C　解析：根据上文内容及下文mental health可知，冲浪可以保持(maintain)心理健康。 5．A.soul B．opportunity C．balance D．battle A　解析：根据上文“Jud Lau, a longtime surfer, has been building surfboards for the last 15 years.”及语境可知，尤德·劳冲浪了很长时间，他认为失去一块冲浪板就像失去了灵魂(soul)的一部分。 6．A.bare B．expensive C．extra D．common C　解析：根据上文内容及语境可推知，此处指捐赠额外的(extra)冲浪板。 7．A.adjust B．appeal C．lead D．subscribe A　解析： 根据下文to their size or the type of waves they ride可知，此处指使用定制的板来适应(adjust)他们的体型或他们所冲的浪的类型。 8．A.cut B．analyse C．cover D．assist C　解析：根据下文the cost of materials for shaping custom boards可知，此处指筹集资金来支付(cover)费用。 9．A.give away B．throw away C．wash away D．put away A　解析： 根据上文“Lau started by connecting people who wanted to donate”可推知，制作这些冲浪板是为了赠送(give away)给他人。 10．A.thus B．moreover C．altogether D．otherwise D　解析：根据下文“have been sold for $600 to $1，500 each”可知，每块冲浪板本来可以售价600到1 500美元。otherwise意为“不然”。句子使用了虚拟语气。 11．A.sold B．returned C．made D．bought C　解析：根据上文“he made 40 boards”可知，此处指制作(make)了冲浪板。 12．A.replaced B．decorated C．rewarded D．flooded B　解析：根据下文with a sunset fading from yellow to orange可知，此处是指冲浪板上的装饰(decorate)。 13．A.unfamiliar B．significant C．painful D．peculiar B　解析：根据上文“Lepre cried while receiving the new board.”可知，莱普雷喜欢冲浪，收到新的冲浪板感动哭了，可见回到水里的经历很重要(significant)。 14．A.paid B．called C．wrote D．gave D　解析：根据上文内容可知，尤德·劳向这些失去冲浪板的人赠送冲浪板，将很大一部分精神健康返还给(give)了他们。 15．A.emotion B．sorrow C．regret D．pressure A　解析： 根据上文“Lepre cried while receiving the new board.”可知，莱普雷的声音里充满了情感(emotion)。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $