Unit1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教用Word(人教版)

本高中英语讲义围绕John Snow发现霍乱原因及战胜霍乱的案例，系统整合核心词汇（如infection, transform）、重点短语（thanks to, break out）和关键句型（until引导时间状语从句、so...that...），通过阅读输入、词汇分层学习（识记、练通、用活）、语法巩固及话题讨论，构建从语言知识积累到综合运用的学习支架。 该资料以科学探究案例为载体，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。通过分析John Snow的研究过程（如地图标记、数据推断），训练学生逻辑推理能力，科学词汇（observe, breakthrough）和句型的应用提升语言表达准确性，分层练习（课上阅读题、课后语法填空）辅助学生自主查漏补缺，课中助力教师引导探究，课后支持巩固内化。

　severe　　　frustrated　　infection subscribe proof multiple suspect blame handle link pure decrease transform protein initial solid cast pour defend assistant leadership outstanding gifted brilliant fault shift vivid 　once and for all, subscribe to, thanks to, break out, in charge of, come down with, above all 　1.until引导时间状语从句 2.so...that... 3.过去分词(短语)作状语 4.not only...but also... 　表语从句 　关于科学精神的文章 observe v.　　　　 观察 measure vt. 测量 predict vt. 预测 compare vt. 比较 analyze vt. 分析 classify vt. 分类 record data 记录数据 explore v. 探索 do/carry out/conduct the research 做研究 arrive at/come to/draw a conclusion 得出结论 question vt. 怀疑；质疑 devotion n. 奉献 cautious adj. 谨慎的 creative adj. 有创造力的 innovative adj. 创新的 persistent adj. 执着的 persevering adj.　　　　 　坚韧不拔的 determined adj. 坚定的 advance v. 进步 transformation n. 改革 safety n. 安全 breakthrough n. 重大进展 trace v. 追溯 convenience n. 方便；便利 update v. 使现代化；更新 efficiency n. 效率 benefit from/by... 得益于…… make a difference to... 对……有影响 make contributions to... 为……做贡献 improve the quality of life 提高生活质量 play an important role in... 在……方面起着重要作用 have a great influence on... 对……有很大影响 话题佳句 1.Because scientists dedicate their lives to research and experiment, they often make discoveries that change our understanding of the world. 因为科学家们将自己的生命奉献给了研究和实验，他们常常会有改变我们对世界认知的发现。 2.As technology advances, scientists are able to explore deeper into space, which leads to new questions about the origins of the universe and our place within it. 随着技术的进步，科学家能够更深入地探索太空，这引发了关于宇宙起源以及我们在其中位置的新问题。 Period 1　Reading and Thinking 　〈教材助读＋语基默写〉见分册本 What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How John Snow found the cause of cholera and defeated it. B．The cause of cholera was polluted water. C．The source of all drinking water should be examined. D．John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 答案：A 答案：1.deadly　2.cause　3.outbreak　4.marked 5．water　6.polluted　7.infected　8.clean　9.decrease 1．What does the word “KING” imply in the title of this passage? A．The name of cholera. B．The causes of cholera. C．Cholera spreads fast. D．Cholera is powerful and hard to cure. 2．Why did John Snow become frustrated? A．An outbreak of cholera hit Europe. B．Millions of people died from cholera. C．Nobody knew how to prevent or treat cholera. D．Doctors had two contradictory theories about cholera. 3．What's the purpose of this passage? A．To show John Snow was a famous doctor. B．To present John Snow's method of disease research. C．To introduce John Snow's life and important achievements. D．To describe how John Snow stopped the spread of cholera. 4．Where does this passage probably come from? A．A newspaper.　　　B．A public speech. C．A book review. D．A TV interview. 答案：1～4.DCDA 1．Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.(Para.1) [分析]　本句是复合句。主句是“Cholera used...the world”，until引导时间状语从句；其中a British doctor与John Snow是同位关系，是从句的主语，从句谓语动词showed后是how引导的宾语从句。 [翻译]　在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 2．It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(Para.3) [分析]　本句是复合句。句中第一个that引导表语从句；句中第二个that引导结果状语从句，其中含有“have sth. done”结构。 [翻译]　这名妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，以至于每天都让人把那里的水运到家里来。 3．Through Snow's tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.(Para.5) [分析]　本句是由and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中，Through Snow's tireless efforts是介词短语作方式状语；在第二个分句中，saw是谓语动词，意为“经历；目睹”，可以理解为拟人修辞。 [翻译]　经过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售洁净的水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅度降低。 Cholera was one of the most feared 1.diseases(disease) in the past.In the early 19th century, 2.when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease.John Snow, a famous doctor, was determined 3.to__destroy(destroy) cholera once and for all. There were two theories about cholera at that time.One was 4.that bad air caused cholera and the other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed 5.to the second theory.He began to investigate, 6.marking(mark) on a map the exact places where all those who died 7.had__lived(live). 8.Eventually(eventual), he found the evidence for the second theory. Through Snow's tireless efforts, the threat of cholera around the world saw 9.a substantial decrease. John Snow transformed the way of studying diseases. Therefore, he 10.is__considered(consider) the father of modern epidemiology. 1．If you were a doctor，how would you plan to stop the spread of a highly contagious (有传染性的) disease? ____________________________________________________________________ 2．What do John Snow and Zhong Nanshan have in common? ____________________________________________________________________ 答案：Open answers. Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记 选出与单词对应的汉语释义 1．cholera n.　　　　　　 A．流行病学 2．diarrhoea n. B．腹泻 3．dehydration n. C．微生物；细菌；病菌 4．germ n. D．霍乱 5．pump n. E．泵；抽水机；打气筒 6．epidemiology n. F．脱水 答案：1～5.DBFCE　6.A Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1．contradictory statements　　相互矛盾的论述 2．household appliances 家用电器 3．take the blame 承担责任 4．turn the handle 转动把手 5．a link between exercise and health 运动和健康之间的联系 6．raw material 原材料 7．substantial sums of money 大笔的钱 8．a sharp decrease in temperature 温度急剧下降 9．statistic data 统计数据 10．under a microscope 在显微镜下 Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．severe [sI'vIə(r)] adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severely adv.严重地；严厉地 2．frustrated [frʌ'streItId] adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.使沮丧；挫败；阻止→frustration n．懊恼；挫折→frustrating adj.令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的 3．infection [In'fekʃn] n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.传染性的；感染的(尤指通过呼吸) 4．subscribe [səb'skraIb] vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)→subscription n. 订购；订阅(费)；用户费；定期捐款 5．proof [pruːf] n．证据；证明；检验→prove v．证明；证明是 6．multiple ['mʌltIpl] adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply v．乘以；迅速增加；繁殖 7．suspect [sə'spekt] vt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 ['sʌspekt] n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象→suspicion n．怀疑；嫌疑→suspicious adj. 怀疑的；可疑的 8．intervention [ˌIntə'venʃn] n．介入；出面；干涉→intervene v．介入；出面；插话 9．pure [pjʊə(r)] adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purify v．净化→purely adv.仅仅；完全→purity n．纯净；纯洁 10．transform [træns'fɔːm] vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→transformation n．变化；转变；改观 Ⅳ.重点短语·再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．He agrees to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once__and__for__all(彻底地). 2．In__general(一般而言), people are more aware of environmental issues today than they were in the past. 3．This morning, several classmates and I subscribed__to(同意) the idea that we went to pick up rubbish in People's Park. 4．As__a__result__of(由于) destroying the forests, the desert has covered the land in the last few years. 5．It is thanks__to(幸亏) the headteacher's guidance that these students can face difficulties bravely and confidently. Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．until引导时间状语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until__a__British__doctor,__John__Snow,__showed__how__it__could__be__overcome(在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前).(Para.1) 2．because引导原因状语从句 As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because__no__one__knew__how__to__prevent__or__treat__cholera(由于无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱).(Para.1) 3．“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……” He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so__severe__that__more__than__500__people__died__in__ten__days(非常严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡).(Para.2) 4．where引导定语从句 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where__all__those__who__died__had__lived(那些死去的人曾经居住过的地方).(Para.3) 5．“it seems/seemed that...”意为“似乎/好像……” It__seemed__that__the__woman__liked__the__water__from__the__pump__so__much(这名妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水) that she had it delivered to her house every day.(Para.3) 6．“have sth.done”意为“让/请某人做某事、使某事被做” Accordingly, he had__the__handle__of__the__pump__removed(让人拆掉了水泵的把手) so that it could not be used.(Para.3) 7．无生命名词作主语 Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the__threat__of__cholera__around__the__world__saw__a__substantial__decrease(世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅度降低).(Para.5) frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 【经典例句】 Frustrated and disappointed, I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness. 既沮丧又失望，我感觉自己好像被扔进了一个无尽的黑暗世界之中。 (1)be/feel frustrated at/with... 对……感到懊恼/沮丧 (2)frustrate vt. 使沮丧；挫败；阻止 frustration n. 懊恼；挫折 frustrating adj. 令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)It's frustrating(frustrate) to plan an outdoor activity, but have it canceled due to unexpected bad weather. (2)If you let frustration(frustrate) control your actions, you might make decisions you'll later regret. (3)我对自己在比赛中的糟糕表现感到沮丧，我的眼睛里涌出懊恼的泪水。 I__was/felt__frustrated__at/with__my__poor__performance in the contest and tears of regret welled up in my eyes.[读后续写之情绪描写] 　　　　　subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) 【经典例句】 Most scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels. 大多数科学家都赞同这种观点：地球温度的升高是由燃烧化石燃料引起的。 (1)subscribe to　　同意；赞同；订购；订阅；捐助 subscribe...to... 在……上签署……； 向……捐…… (2)subscription n. 订购；订阅(费)；用户费；定期捐款 subscriber n. 订阅人；订购者；定期捐款者 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)He subscribed to the contract after carefully recalling all the terms and conditions. (2)She enjoys reading magazines and has several subscriptions(subscribe) to her favorite publications. (3)许多人都认同这样一个事实：长白山是众多珍稀动植物的家园。 Many people subscribe__to__the__fact__that__Changbaishan__is__home__to__a__great__diversity__of__rare__plants__and__animals．[应用文写作之景点介绍] suspect vt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 【经典例句】 I suspect that the meeting will be postponed due to the heavy snowfall. 我怀疑会议会因为大雪而推迟。 (1)suspect sb./sth. to be... 怀疑/猜想某人/某物是…… suspect sb. of (doing) sth.　　 怀疑某人(做过)某事 suspect that... 怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生) (2)suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑 suspicious adj. 可疑的；怀疑的 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)Suspected(suspect) of violating traffic rules, he was questioned by the police. (2)We suspected this man to__be(be) a key player in the organization, but we didn't have enough proof. (3)老板怀疑他从公司拿了错的文件。 →The boss suspected__him__of__taking__the__wrong__document__away__from__the__company． →The boss suspected__that__he__took__the__wrong__document__away__from__the__company． blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责 【经典例句】 Even though it was a team decision, Sarah decided to take the blame for the project's failure.　尽管这是一个团队的决定，萨拉还是决定为项目的失败承担责任。 (1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 　　　　　　因(做)某事而责备某人 blame sth. on... 把某事归咎于…… be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任(主动形式表示被动意义) (2)take/bear the blame for... 为……承担责任 put/lay/place the blame for sth. on... 把某事归咎于…… 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)In my opinion, Li Hua, who broke the school rules, was to__blame(blame). (2)教练把比赛的失利归咎于队员们，批评他们在比赛中缺乏努力。 →The coach blamed__the__players__for__the__loss,__criticizing their lack of effort during the game.(blame v．) →The coach blamed__the__loss__on__the__players,__criticizing their lack of effort during the game.(blame v．) →The coach put/laid/placed__the__blame__for__the__loss__on__the__players,__criticizing their lack of effort during the game.(blame n．) link n.联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 【经典例句】 (2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Thinking of the race, David lowered his head, and his uncertainty was linked to/with his lack of confidence. 想到比赛，戴维低下头，他的不确定与他缺乏信心有关。 (1)There is a link between...and...　……与……之间有联系。 (2)link...to/with... 将……和……联系/连接起来 be linked to/with... 与……有联系 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)(译林选必二U3)Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified, each linked(link) to a different part of the body. (2)Scientists have linked increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to/with global warming. (3)研究人员发现规律的运动与改善的心理健康之间存在联系。 Researchers have found there__is__a__link__between__regular__exercise__and__improved__mental__health． decrease n.减少；降低；减少量　vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 【经典例句】 The data shows that the past year saw a sharp decrease in the number of people who liked group travel. 数据显示，在过去的一年里喜欢团体旅游的人数急剧减少。 (1)on the decrease/decline　 正在减少/降低 on the increase/rise 正在增加/上升 a decrease in... 在……方面减少 (2)decrease (from...) to... (从……)减少到…… decrease by... 减少了…… decrease in... 在……方面减少 【单句语法填空/词汇升级】 (1)After the new policy was implemented, traffic accidents in the city decreased by nearly 35%. (2)The temperature is expected to decrease to below freezing by tomorrow morning. (3)The number of smokers in the country is decreasing as more people become health-conscious. →The number of smokers in the country is on__the__decrease as more people become health-conscious. thanks to 幸亏；由于 【经典例句】 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. 我告诉他，由于他的慷慨和及时的帮助，一切都进行得很顺利。 表示原因的短语还有because of、 on account of、 as a result of、 due to、 owing to等，常在句中作状语，due to、 owing to在句中也可作表语。 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)She was unable to attend the party on account of her busy schedule. (2)She was promoted as a result of her outstanding performance during the project. (3)Thanks to the heavy rain, the match was postponed, and we had to wait another week.　 (4)我坚信你杰出的成就是因为你的勤奋工作和不懈努力。 I hold the strong belief that your outstanding success is due__to/owing__to__your__hard__work__and__tireless__efforts． transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变 【经典例句】 (教材P3)Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. 此外，在他使用地图和数据的过程中，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 (1)transform...into...　使……转变成…… (2)transformation n. 变化；转变；改观 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable transformation(transform). (2)通过辛勤工作和奉献，她得以将自己的梦想变为现实。 Through hard work and dedication, she__was__able__to__transform__her__dream__into__reality． until引导时间状语从句 【经典例句】 (教材P2)Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，那么主句应用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词，那么主句应用否定形式，构成“not...until...”句型。 (1)“not...until...”意为“直到……才……”，在此句型中，not until可以置于句首，此时主句用部分倒装； (2)“not...until...”的强调句型为“It is/was not until...that...”。 【完成句子/句式升级】 (1)直到一个小时后，我们才到达目的地。 We didn't__reach__our__destination__until__an__hour__later． (2)I didn't realize the significance of team work until I took part in the basketball team. →Not__until__I__took__part__in__the__basketball__team__did__I__realize the significance of team work.(倒装) →It__was__not__until__I__took__part__in__the__basketball__team__that__I__realized the significance of team work.(强调句型) “so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……” 【经典例句】 (教材P2)He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱在两条特定的街道上暴发得非常严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。 (1)“so...that...”句型的常见形式有： (2)“such...that...”句型的常见形式有： (3)当so或such及其后成分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 【完成句子/一句多译】 (1)音乐会上有这么多人，以至于很难走动。 There were so__many__people__at__the__concert__that__it__was__difficult__to__move__around． (2)她有着如此丰富的想象力，以至于能创作出吸引许多读者的精彩故事。 She had__such__a__vivid__imagination__that she could create amazing stories that attract many readers. (3)他们遇到了如此具有挑战性的一个问题，以至于他们花了数周时间才找到解决方案。 →They faced so__challenging__a__problem__that it took them weeks to find a solution.(so...that...) →They faced such__a__challenging__problem__that it took them weeks to find a solution.(such...that...) →So__challenging__a__problem/Such__a__challenging__problem__did__they__face__that it took them weeks to find a solution.(倒装) Ⅰ.品句填词 1．The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory(相互矛盾的), but they are easy to learn and recite. 2．Her enthusiasm for painting infected(感染) everyone around her, and soon the whole class picked up brushes. 3．The fire department said the blaze was suspected to be caused by an electrical fault. 4．Blamed(指责) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Jane was in low spirits. 5．The teacher's encouragement transformed the shy student, and he began to participate actively in class discussions. 6．The economic crisis had severe consequences for the country, and it took years to recover fully. 7．Disappointed and frustrated, the poor man made his way back to his family. 8．The number of visitors to the museum has decreased(下降) by nearly 6% in the past few years. Ⅱ.词块运用 1．He was/felt__frustrated__at/with__how__long__it__would__take__to__get__a__response(对收到回复将会花费多久感到沮丧) from the customer service. 2．The question remains whether your parents will subscribe__to__your__travel__plan(同意你的旅行计划). 3．She was__suspected__of__being__involved__in__the__robbery(被怀疑参与了抢劫), but there was no concrete evidence. 4．It seemed that other factors may also be__to__blame__for__his__being__removed__from__his__position(对他被免职负责). 5．Thanks__to__the__support__of__his__family(幸亏有他的家人的支持), he was able to pursue his dream of becoming a musician. Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文 Dear fellow students， It's my great honor to deliver a speech entitled Chinese Youth of the New Era. 1.The__past__decades__have__seen__the__rapid__development__of__our__society (过去几十年见证了我们社会的快速发展；无生命名词作主语).To answer the call of the great time, in my opinion, we are supposed to equip ourselves with the following valuable qualities. First and foremost, setting a proper goal is essential 2.because__nothing__could__be__achieved__without__a__great__ambition(因为没有远大的志向就会一事无成；because引导原因状语从句). What's more, our life is a long journey 3.where__we__should__be__brave__to__face__various__challenges(在这个旅程中我们应该勇敢地去面对各种挑战；where引导定语从句). Therefore, a sense of responsibility will be the key. Most importantly, knowledge 4.plays__so__important__a__role__in__modern__society__that(在现代社会中扮演着如此重要的角色以至于； so...that...) it has become the basis of our development.So we are expected to work hard and 5.have__our__general__competence__improved(提高我们的综合能力；have sth. done). Naturally 6.it__seems__that__there__will__be__countless__barriers(似乎将有无数的障碍；it seems/seemed that...) in the years to come. However, it is not until we commit ourselves to the national construction that we can realise our Chinese Dream, making our country more prosperous. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $