14-Unit 5 Working the Land-教材原文助读10-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册教用课件(人教版)

该高中英语课件围绕“化学耕作与有机耕作”主题，系统呈现相关核心词汇（如chemical, organic, pesticide等）、重点短语（如switch to, focus on）及语法结构（主语从句、定语从句等），通过“词汇积累—文本助读—语法解析—翻译对照”的学习支架，帮助学生从基础语言知识过渡到篇章对比分析，构建完整知识脉络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过词汇表系统梳理与语法点精准解析提升语言理解，借助两种耕作方式的对比分析培养批判性思维。例如结合“DDT禁用案例”和“有机肥料使用实例”深化主题认知，学生能提升语言运用与问题分析能力，教师可依托结构化资源高效开展读写教学。

UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND 教材原文助读10 1 读文清障 文本助解释疑 ①chemical ［ˈkemIkl］ adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n.化学制品；化学品 ②organic ［ɔ:ˈgænIk］ adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 ③pesticide ［ˈpestIsaId］ n.杀虫剂；除害药物 ④widespread ［ˈwaIdspred］ adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 ⑤over time随着时间的推移 2 ⑥bacterium ［bækˈtIəriəm］ n.（pl.-ria［-riə］）细菌 ⑦in addition另外，此外 in addition to除……之外（还有，也） ⑧in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 ⑨digest ［daIˈdʒest］ vt.& vi.消化vt.领会；领悟［ˈdaIdʒest］ n.摘要；文摘 ⑩DDT n.滴滴涕（旧时尤用作农业杀虫剂） ⑪as for至于，关于 ⑫too...to...太……而不能…… 3 ⑬nutrition ［njuˈtrIʃn］ n.营养；滋养 ⑭essential ［Iˈsenʃl］ adj.完全必要的；极其重要的 be essential to／for对……来说必不可少 ⑮mineral ［ˈmInərəl］ n. 矿物；矿物质 ⑯flavour（NAmE-vor）［ˈfleIvə］ n.味道；特点；特色 ⑰as well也，又，同样 ⑱alternative ［ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətIv］ n.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的 4 ⑲switch to转变;转向 switch off （用开关）关掉；切断（电源） ⑳turn to转向；求助于；致力于 ㉑grocery ［ˈgrəʊsəri］ n.食品杂货店； ［pl.］ 食品杂货 ㉒focus on/upon关注；聚焦于 ㉓keep...free of/from使……免于 ㉔means n.手段；方法 ㉕instance ［ˈInstəns］ n.例子；实例；事例 for instance例如；比如 5 ㉖wheat ［wi:t］ n.小麦；小麦籽 ㉗batch ［bætʃ］ n.一批；一组vt.分批处理 a batch of一批 ㉘diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的 ㉙depth ［depθ ］ n.向下（或向里）的距离；深（度） ㉚root ［ru:t］ n.根；根茎；根部；根源 ㉛entirely ［InˈtaIəli］ adv.全部地；完整地；完全地 entire adj.全部的；整个的，完全的 6 ㉜serve the demand满足需求 ㉝meet the need满足需求 ㉞sufficient adj.足够的；充分的 CHEMICAL<m></m> VERSUS ORGANIC<m></m> FARMING Chemical pesticides<m></m> and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread<m></m>use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time<m></m>, however,<m></m><uw>what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health</uw>. 8 ［1］句中“what some scientists have found”是主语从句，what是引导词，意为“……的事”；“that their long-term...people's health”是表语从句，其中that是引导词，在句中不作成分，也没有意义。 For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria<m></m> and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition<m></m>, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops <m></m><uw>grown on the land</uw> and, in turn<m></m>,the animals and humans<m></m><uw>who digest<m></m> them</uw>.Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer. In fact, some pesticides like DDT<m></m>have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage <m></m><uw>they cause to people and the environment</uw>.As for<m></m> chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to<m></m> be rich in nutrition<m></m>.They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential<m></m> minerals<m></m>, and they often have less flavour<m></m>as well<m></m>. ［2］此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动意义，相当于定语从句“that are grown on the land”。 ［3］此处是定语从句，先行词是the animals and humans，引导词who在定语从句中作主语。 ［4］此处是定语从句，先行词是damage，引导词是that或which,引导词在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略。cause damage to意为“对……造成损害”。 12 As an alternative<m></m>, some farmers have switched to<m></m>organic farming, and many customers have turned to<m></m>organic food when they shop at the local grocery<m></m>.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on<m></m> keeping their soil rich and free of<m></m> disease through natural means<m></m>.For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals. Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.For instance<m></m>, they may grow corn or wheat<m></m> in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. <m></m><uw>Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch<m></m> of crops.</uw> Organic farmers also plant diverse<m></m> crops <m></m><uw>that use different depths<m></m> of soil to help keep it rich</uw>. For example, peanuts grow on the ground's surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots<m></m>. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health. ［5］句中“Why different crops are grown”是主语从句，引导词Why在主语从句中作状语；“that they...the ground”是表语从句；“making...of crops”是现在分词短语作结果状语。 ［6］此处是定语从句，先行词是crops，引导词that在定语从句中作主语，也可用which替换。 Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely<m></m>. <m></m><uw>What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand<m></m> for food around the world.</uw> Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need<m></m>.Therefore,there is still a long way to find a suitable solution <m></m><uw>that puts sufficient<m></m> food on the dinner table</uw> while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible. 16 ［7］句中“What keeps them from doing so”是主语从句，引导词What在主语从句中作主语。句中“that chemical farming...the world”是同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明，引导词that没有意义，只起连接作用。 ［8］此处是定语从句，引导词that在定语从句中作主语，修饰先行词solution。 17 化学耕作和有机耕作 自20世纪中期以来，化学农药和人工化肥在农业中得到了广泛使用。当它们第一次被引进时，许多农民欢迎它们作为一种对抗作物病害和增加产量的好方法。然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用这些东西有时会损害土地和人们的健康。 18 例如，农药不但可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，而且可以杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学物质会在土壤和地下水源中长期存在。这会影响到在土地上生长的作物，进而影响到消化它们的动物和人类。许多人担心这些化学物质会使他们生病甚至致癌。事实上，像滴滴涕这样的杀虫剂在大多数国家已经被禁止了，因为它们对人类和环境造成了破坏。至于化肥，施了化肥的农作物通常生长得太快，以至于不会富有营养。它们可能外表看起来很漂亮，但里面的水分通常比必需的矿物质多，而且味道也不太好。 作为一种选择，一些农民转向有机耕作，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转向有机食品。有机耕作就是不使用任何化学物质的简单农业。有机耕作的农民注重通过自然的方式保持土壤肥沃和免受病害。例如，许多有机耕作的农民使用天然的动物粪便作为肥料。这使得他们地里的土壤矿物质更丰富。它还使空气、土壤、水和农作物不受化学物质的污染。 有机耕作的农民也使用许多其他方法来使土壤肥沃。他们经常每年都改变每一块地的作物种类。例如，他们可能一年在一块地里种玉米或小麦，第二年在那里种豆子。种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质释放回土壤，使其为下一批作物（的生长）做好准备。有机耕作的农民还种植多种作物，利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤肥沃。例如，花生长在浅层土壤，但许多其他蔬菜扎根很深。使用不同的有机耕作方法的目的是种植好的食物，同时避免对环境或人的健康造成损害。 有些人宁愿完全停止在农业中使用人造化学品。阻止他们这样做的原因是化学耕作满足了世界各地对食品的巨大需求。有机耕作远不能满足那样的需求。因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，同时尽可能地保持人们和环境健康，仍然有很长的路要走。 $