摘要:
该高中英语课件围绕“肢体语言”主题,系统梳理核心词汇(如crucial, appropriate)、语法点(动词-ing形式作主语、定语)及文化差异案例(如“OK”手势跨国含义),通过词汇积累、语法解析到文化分析的梯度设计,构建从语言知识到跨文化理解的学习支架。
其亮点在于融合语言能力、文化意识与思维品质培养,通过词汇辨析(如differ, interpret的用法)和语法解析夯实语言基础,结合“OK”手势、“yes/no”手势的文化对比案例,引导学生比较推断文化差异,提升跨文化沟通能力。资料内容系统,教师可直接用于教学,学生能在掌握语言知识的同时增强文化敏感度,提高学习效率。
内容正文:
UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
教材原文助读7
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读文清障 文本助解释疑
①thought n.想法,看法,主意
②interaction [ˌIntərˈækʃn] n.交流;相互影响
interaction with...与……的交流
③vary [ˈveəri] vi.(根据情况)变化;改变
vary from...to...在……到……之间变化;从……到……不等
various adj.各种各样的
variety n.多样化;变化;种类
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④crucial adj.至关重要的;关键性的
⑤appropriate [əˈprəʊpriət]adj.合适的;恰当的;适当的
be appropriate for/to...适合……
It is appropriate (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事是合适的。
appropriately adv.恰当地,适当地
⑥by contrast相比之下
⑦approve [əˈpru:v] vi.赞成;同意vt.批准;通过
approve of赞成,同意
approval n.赞成;批准
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⑧demonstrate [ˈdemənstreIt] vt.表现;表达;说明;证明
⑨look down俯视,向下看
⑩gesture [ˈdʒestʃə(r)] n.手势;姿势;姿态
⑪witness [ˈwItnəs] vt.当场看到;目击;见证
n.目击者;证人
witness sb.doing sth.
目击某人正在做某事
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⑫employ [ImˈplɔI] vt.使用;应用;雇用
employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事
employ sb.as...雇用某人担任……
employer n.雇主;老板
employee n.雇员;雇工
⑬identical [aIˈdentIkl]adj.相同的
be identical to/with...与……一样
⑭interpret [Inˈtɜ:prIt] vt.把……理解(解释)为
vi.& vt.口译
interpret sth.as...把某物/某事理解为……
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⑮differ [ˈdIfə(r)] vi.相异;不同于
differ from...(=be different from...)
与……不同/有区别
differ (from...)in...
(与……)在……方面不同
different adj.不同的
difference n.不同;差异
make a difference
有影响;起(重要)作用
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⑯by comparison (与……)相比较
⑰cheek [tʃi:k] n.面颊;脸颊
⑱favour [ˈfeIvə(r)] vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于
n.帮助;恩惠;赞同
in favour of支持;赞同
⑲bow [baʊ] vi.鞠躬;点头vt.低(头)
[bəʊ] n.弓;蝴蝶结
bow to sb.向某人鞠躬
⑳waist [weIst] n.腰;腰部
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㉑rest [熟词生义] v.(被)支撑;(使)倚靠;托
㉒a way of doing sth.做某事的方法
㉓get through 渡过(难关);(设法)做完;完成;通过(测试等)
㉔break down消除;分解;打破
㉕barrier [ˈbæriə(r)] n.隔阂;障碍;屏障
break down barriers消除隔阂;打破障碍
language barrier语言障碍
㉖ask for help寻求帮助
㉗feel down感到沮丧
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LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts<m></m> and opinions in our interactions<m></m> with other people. <m></m><uw>We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.</uw> Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
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[1]本句中“what people are thinking”是宾语从句,what在从句中作thinking的宾语;“by watching their body language”作方式状语。
Just like spoken language, body language varies<m></m> from culture to culture. The crucial<m></m> thing is <m></m><uw>using body language in a way that is appropriate<m></m> to the culture you are in</uw>.For example, <m></m><uw>making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest</uw>.In other countries, by
contrast<m></m>, eye contact is not always approved<m></m> of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate<m></m> respect to look down<m></m> when talking to an older person.
[2]本句中动词-ing形式“using body language...”作表语;“that is appropriate to the culture you are in”是定语从句,修饰先行词a way,that在从句中作主语;从句中的you are in是一个省略了关系词的定语从句,修饰先行词the culture。
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[3]本句中动词-ing形式“making eye contact...”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;动词不定式“to display interest”作后置定语,修饰a way。
The gesture<m></m> for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures.<m></m><uw>In Japan, someone who witnesses<m></m> another person employing<m></m> the gesture might think it means money.</uw> In France, a person <m></m><uw>encountering an identical<m></m> gesture</uw> may interpret<m></m> it as <m></m><uw>meaning zero</uw>.However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
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[4]本句中who引导定语从句,修饰先行词someone;“it means money”为省略关系词的宾语从句。
[5]此处是动词-ing形式作定语,修饰a person, a person与encounter之间是主动关系。
[6]此处是动词-ing形式作介词as的宾语。
Even the gestures <m></m><uw>we use for “yes” and “no”</uw> differ<m></m> around the world. In many countries, <m></m><uw>shaking one's head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”</uw>.By comparison<m></m>, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part.
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In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek<m></m>when they meet.<m></m><uw>Elsewhere, people favour<m></m> shaking hands, bowing<m></m> from the waist<m></m>, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.</uw>
[7]此处是省略关系词的定语从句,修饰先行词the gestures。
[8]本句中动词-ing形式shaking one's head和nodding都在句中作主语,谓语动词均用单数形式。
[9]本句中三个并列的动词-ing形式shaking hands、 bowing from the waist和nodding the head作动词favour的宾语,连接方式是“A,B,or C”;“when they meet someone else”是when引导的时间状语从句。
Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.<m></m><uw>Placing your hands together and resting<m></m> them on
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the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”.</uw> A good way of saying<m></m> “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
[10]本句中两个并列的动词-ing形式作主语,表示一件事,谓语动词用单数形式。
Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us get through<m></m> difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can break down<m></m> barriers<m></m>.We can use a smile <m></m><uw>to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help<m></m>, or to start a
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conversation</uw>.Experts suggest <m></m><uw>smiling at yourself in the mirror</uw> to make yourself feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down<m></m> or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
[11]此处是四个动词不定式作并列的目的状语,连接形式是“A,B,C,or D”。
[12]此处是动词-ing形式作suggest的宾语。suggest doing sth.意为“建议做某事”。
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倾听身体的诉说
在与别人的交流中,我们既使用言语也通过肢体语言来表达我们的想法和观点。通过观察他人的肢体语言,我们能够了解很多他们的想法。语言是重要的,但人们站立、抱臂以及摆手的方式也会向我们传达他们的感受。
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就像口语一样,肢体语言也因文化而异。关键是要以一种适合你所处文化的方式来使用肢体语言。例如,在有些国家,眼神交流——看着别人的眼睛——是一种表现兴趣的方式。相比之下,在其他国家,眼神交流并不总是被认可。例如,在许多中东国家,男女不允许在社交场合进行眼神交流。在日本,和年长的人讲话时要目光向下以表尊重。
“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。在日本,如果有人看到另一个人使用这个手势,可能认为这意味着钱。
在法国,面对同样的手势,人们会将其理解为“零”的意思。然而,在巴西和德国,你应该避免使用这个手势,因为它被认为是不礼貌的。
甚至我们用来表示“是”与“不是”的姿势在世界各地也不尽相同。在许多国家,摇头表示“不”,点头表示“是”。相比之下,在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部,这些姿势有相反的含义。我们彼此触碰的方式、说话时与对方之间的距离、见面或分别时的行为也存在差异。在像法国和俄罗斯这样的国家,人们和朋友见面时可能会亲吻他们的脸颊。在其他地方,人们见面时更喜欢握手、弯腰鞠躬或点头。
有些手势似乎在每个地方都有相同的意思。双手并拢放在头的一侧,同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。用餐后用手在胃部转圈是表示“我吃饱了”的好方法。
有些肢体语言有许多不同的用途。或许最好的例子就是微笑。微笑能帮助我们渡过难关,在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。微笑能够消除隔阂。我们可以用微笑来道歉、问候某人、寻求帮助或者开始一段对话。专家建议对着镜子里的自己微笑来让自己感到更快乐、更坚强。如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
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