Unit 4 Period 2 Learning About Language-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册教用Word(人教版)

本讲义聚焦高中英语动词-ing形式作宾语和表语核心语法点，通过教材经典例句感知用法，系统梳理规则：如只接-ing的动词（avoid, enjoy等）、可接-ing或不定式的动词及差异、介词后-ing用法、主动表被动等，构建从感知到规则的学习支架。 该资料亮点在于“感知经典+规则口诀”结合，助学生直观理解并记忆，提升语言能力；分层练习（课堂微练即时检验，课后分基础与综合，融入高考真题）培养学习能力；语篇应用与阅读拓展（如跨文化手势差异分析）发展思维品质。课中实例辅助教师高效讲解，课后多维练习帮助学生巩固，弥补知识盲点。

Period 2 Learning About Language 动词-ing形式作宾语和表语 要义详析 探究语法 一、动词-ing形式作宾语 感知经典 （1）（教材P38）We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. 通过观察他人的肢体语言，我们能够了解很多他们的想法。 （2）（教材P38）However， you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany， as it is not considered polite. 然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免使用这个手势，因为它被认为是不礼貌的。 （3）They continued working as if nothing had happened. 他们继续工作，好像什么事都没发生过一样。 （4）I remember seeing her before，but I can't remember when it was. 我记得以前见过她，但不记得是什么时候了。 （5）The old house requires repairing before it can be safely inhabited. 这座老房子需要修缮后才能安全居住。 明晰规则 1.有些及物动词之后只能接动词-ing形式作宾语，不能接动词不定式。这些常用的动词及搭配有： avoid、miss、delay/put off 避免错过少延期 advise、finish、practise 建议完成多练习 enjoy、imagine、can't help 喜欢想象禁不住 admit、deny、envy 承认否定与嫉妒 escape、risk、excuse 逃避冒险莫原谅 stand、keep、mind 忍受保持不介意 2.有些动词后面，如start、 begin、 continue等，既可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，两者意思差别不大。 3.有些及物动词后既可接动词-ing形式作宾语，又可接动词不定式作宾语，但两者意思差别较大，常见的有： 4.介词后面直接跟动词时，需要用动词-ing形式作宾语。 下列短语后接动词-ing形式，to为介词： be used/accustomed to（习惯于）、devote/dedicate oneself to（献身于）、get down to（开始做）、stick to（坚持）、lead to（导致）、pay attention to（注意）、look forward to（期待）、attach great importance to（认为……有重要意义）、an/the approach to（……的方法）等。 5.有些动词可接动词-ing形式，用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于动词不定式的被动形式，如：need/want/require/deserve doing相当于need/want/require/deserve to be done。 二、动词-ing形式作表语 感知经典 （1）（教材P38）The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. 关键是要以一种适合你所处文化的方式来使用肢体语言。 （2）（教材P39）A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. 用餐后用手在胃部转圈是表示“我吃饱了”的好方法。 （3）Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. 你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人心。 明晰规则 1.动词-ing形式作表语，表示抽象的一般性行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语通常可以交换位置。 2.动词-ing形式作表语，可以表示主语的某种性质或特点，这类词可以看作形容词，且表语与主语不可互换。 动词-ed形式作表语表示外因使主语具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。 ＊I am surprised at what you have said and what you have done. 我对你所说的和所做的感到惊讶。 课堂微练 即时检验 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I still remember _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （employ） by the company for the first time. [答案]being employed 2．He put off _ _ _ _ _ _ （make） a decision till he had more information. [答案]making 3．[（2023·天津卷6月）]On April 22 every year， people around the world mark Earth Day by _ _ _ _ _ _ （care） for the environment. [答案]caring 4．Have you ever imagined _ _ _ _ _ _ （live） without your mobile phone for a month? [答案]living 5．All the educators try their best to prevent the students from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （lose） in online games. [答案]being lost 6．I wasn't allowed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （cycle） along the Mekong River together with my classmates， putting me in low spirits. [答案]to cycle 7．The story was _ _ _ _ _ _ ， and all the people present were _ _ _ _ _ _ .（amuse） [答案]amusing； amused 8．I didn't mean _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （shrink），but it was beyond my reach. [答案]to shrink Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．如果我们理解有困难，我们可以去问他。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， we can go and ask him. [答案]If we have difficulty （in） understanding 2．他的任务之一就是为爬山准备一些食物和饮用水。 One of his tasks is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for the climbing. [答案]preparing some food and drinking water 3．购物时，人们有时会情不自禁地被说服去买他们不需要的东西。 While going shopping， people sometimes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ they don't need. [答案]can't help being persuaded into buying something 4．我不得不承认你说的话确实鼓舞人心。 I have to acknowledge that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . [答案]what you said was really inspiring 5．[（2022·浙江卷6月）]自习室的确值得体验，因此请接受我真诚的邀请。 The self-study room _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， so please accept my sincere invitation. [答案]does deserve experiencing/to be experienced 课后巩固 多维提能 ［基础知识巩固练］ 维度一 单句语法填空 1．As far as I'm concerned, the result is very _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （disappoint）. [答案]disappointing 2．I regret _ _ _ _ _ _ （tell） you that your assessment hasn't met our requirements. [答案]to tell 3．The incredible news that spread around her school was her _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （admit） to her dream university. [答案]being admitted 4．The deer was lucky and it just missed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （catch） by the hunter. [答案]being caught 5．Young people may risk _ _ _ _ （go） deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. [答案]going 6．I remembered _ _ _ _ _ _ （lock） the door before I left the office, but I forgot _ _ _ _ _ _ （turn） off the lights. [答案]locking； to turn 7．He cares little about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （spend） money on himself and leads a comfortable life. [答案]spending 8．What the journalist said at the meeting sounded more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （convince）. [答案]convincing 9．2022 Beijing Winter Olympics was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （excite） to people all over the world. [答案]exciting 10．I will spend some time in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （study） maths and physics, which are my weak subjects. [答案]studying 11．I'm sure you can speak Chinese fluently before you come to China if you insist on _ _ _ _ （do） as I tell you. [答案]doing 12．The question put forward at the meeting deserved_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （discuss）. [答案]discussing/to be discussed 13．The unique scenery is so _ _ _ _ _ _ （amaze） that people say it is the most beautiful city in Canada. [答案]amazing 14．There are several skills that need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （develop） if you want to advance in your career. [答案]developing/to be developed 15．Her hobby is _ _ _ _ _ _ （take） part in language exchange meetings to practice speaking different languages. [答案]taking 16．He preferred _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （stay） in the house when it rained. [答案]staying/to stay 17．The show is very _ _ _ _ _ _ （amuse） and the cast is very good, which attract a lot of audience. [答案]amusing 18．I highly recommend _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （visit） this exhibition. I am convinced you will learn a lot about Chinese culture and art. [答案]visiting 19．I remember _ _ _ _ _ _ （walk） down the long hall and _ _ _ _ _ _ （open） the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls. [答案]walking； opening 20．My hobby is _ _ _ _ _ _ （sit） on the beach, staring at the blue sky. [答案]sitting 维度二 语法与写作 1．很多人都建议制定更多规则以保护动物权益。 Many people have suggested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . [答案]setting up more rules to protect animal rights 2．让事情更糟的是她缺席了那次会议。 What made things worse was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ． [答案]her being absent from the meeting 3．你发表的演讲鼓舞人心，打动了我的心。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and touched my heart. [答案]The speech you delivered was inspiring 4．我很感激您帮助我克服如此多的困难。 I was grateful to you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ． [答案]for helping me overcome so many difficulties 5．在他们搬进去之前，他的房子需要彻底打扫。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ before they moved in. [答案]His house needed cleaning/to be cleaned thoroughly 6．我难以想象那个男孩对他的父母说话那么粗鲁。 I can't _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ so rudely to his parents. [答案]imagine the boy speaking 7．我们成功地克服了所有困难。 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ all the difficulties. [答案]succeeded in getting over 8．看起来枯燥乏味的诗突然变得生动起来。 Poems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ suddenly came to life. [答案]which had seemed dull and boring 9．他自从退休以来就一直梦想着沿丝绸之路旅行。 He has been dreaming of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ since he retired. [答案]traveling along the Silk Road 10．尽管我是一个残疾人，但我在日常生活中总是喜欢帮助别人。 While I'm a disabled man, I always _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . [答案]enjoy helping others in my daily life 维度三 语篇填空 Body language 1.   （use） by people for 2.   （send） messages to one another. It is very 3.   （amaze） because it can help you make yourself easily 4.   （understand） when you are talking with others. You are not just using words, but also using expressions and gestures. For example, waving one's hand is to say “Good-bye”.Shaking hands means welcome, and clapping hands means congratulations. In most cultures, nodding the head means agreement, and shaking the head means 5.   （disagree） with something. The gestures are accepted as 6.   （have） the same meanings by the Chinese and foreigners in those cultures. Different countries have different body language. For example, when in Russia, France and Arab， people kiss each other when they meet, but people in China or Australia shake hands instead of 7.   （kiss）.People in Puerto Rico like 8.   （touch） each other, but people in Britain do not touch each other. People in Arab like standing close to one another when they are talking, but English people must keep a distance away when they are talking. It is very important to know the meanings of gestures and movements in the foreign country. 9.   （follow） the customs will help you communicate with people and make your stay there much more 10.   （please） and comfortable. [答案] 1．is used 2．sending 3．amazing 4．understood 5．disagreeing 6．having 7．kissing 8．touching 9．Following 10．pleasant ［综合能力提升练］ Ⅰ.阅读理解 [（2025·福州八县市协作校期中）]A How Social Media Has Changed Language Social media has had an immeasurable impact on the world. It has increased interconnectivity and sped up the spread of information, but its biggest impact of all might be the changes it has made to language. Dozens of terms and phrases have originated on social media. “Selfie” was named word of the year by the Oxford English Dictionary in 2013 and “Face with Tears of Joy” emoji in 2015. Many social media slangs like “hashtag”, “lol” and “emoji” are included in the dictionary and have become commonplace due to wide usage on social media platforms. Other social media words are new combinations of words. Photobomb, for instance, describes the phenomenon of intruding （闯入） on somebody's photograph, which came about due to the success of image-sharing platforms. Social media has done more than invent new words and combine existing ones. It has completely transformed the meaning of a large portion of our language. The word “add” means sending an invite to connect social media accounts. “Likes” are now a numerical measurement of popularity. So far, we have only discussed social media's effect on English, but it also has major impacts on cross-language communication. Some social media platforms have a built-in translation function that intends to minimize linguistic barriers between users. This has been described as “surprisingly accurate”. But as a translation agency points out, social media usage across cultures differs greatly, and no built-in algorithm （算法） can translate this. Another way social media has made progress in breaking down the language barrier is with AI chatbots. Chatbots are gaining popularity on social media for their smart interactions. Some have said chatbots could eventually be used to teach languages. They say the best way of learning a language is to try speaking it, and with social media dominating communication, who's to say speaking to a chatbot is not just as good? 1．How has social media contributed to the development of language in paragraph 2? A. By introducing new vocabulary. B. By encouraging formal language usage. C. By changing the original meaning of words. D. By improving cross-cultural communication. 2．Which word has changed its meaning due to social media? A. Emoji. B. Selfie. C. Add. D. Photobomb. 3．What does the translation agency say about the translation function of social media platforms? A. It lacks accuracy in practical application. B. It fails to recognize informal language. C. It should further improve the built-in algorithm. D. It does not fully deal with cultural differences in language use. 4．According to the last paragraph, what is some people's attitude towards chatbots when it comes to language learning? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Indifferent. D. Uncertain. [答案] 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句以及后面所举的例子可知，数十个术语和短语源于社交媒体，说明社交媒体引入了语言新词汇。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The word ‘add’ means sending an invite to connect social media accounts.”及常识可知，add这个词由于社交媒体而改变了其意义，现在指的是发送邀请以连接社交媒体账户。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“But as a translation agency...can translate this.”可推知，社交媒体平台的翻译功能没有完全解决语言使用中的文化差异问题。 4．观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，聊天机器人因其智能互动而在社交媒体上越来越受欢迎，与聊天机器人对话也是一种学习方式，这表明一些人对聊天机器人在语言学习方面持积极态度。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社交媒体对语言发展的影响，包括新词汇的创造、旧词意的变化以及跨文化交流上的促进作用。 [（2025·菏泽高二期中）]B Researchers from the Yale Child Study Center collected 21 days of daily diaries from parents and teens from 151 families. Participating teens were in the 9th and 10th grades, and ranged from 13 to 16 years old. Slightly more female teens participated. By analyzing these diaries, the researchers could connect parents' displays of warmth with daily fluctuations （波动） in how loved their teens were feeling. “The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study. Regardless of the general closeness of the parent-teen relationship, the researchers found that teens reported feeling more loved on days when parents reported showing more warmth in the form of affection, understanding, or praise. Likewise, teens reported feeling less loved on days when parents reported more conflicts than usual. More importantly, the researchers also found that parents could weaken the impact of conflicts by showing their teens warmth. In their words, on days when parents were warm, high levels of conflicts didn't reduce how loved teens felt. To weaken conflicts' impact, warmth had to be shown on the same day, but the warmth and conflicts did not need to be related, the researchers said. “Parents often complain about the conflicts they are experiencing with their children,” said John Coffey, the study's lead author, “but our study suggests conflicts are manageable.” The study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting daily fluctuations in feeling loved are common even in long-term relationships. How parents and teens communicate and resolve conflicts may be most important to maintaining a healthy relationship in the long term, said the researchers. “The study findings are particularly useful right now,” added Coffey, “because parents and their children are spending much time together. Finding ways to be kind and warm will help lessen potential conflicts and ensure children feel loved.” 5．What does Beata Ujvari think of the study method? A. It is good. B. It is simple. C. It is popular. D. It is creative. 6．What does the underlined word “affection” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Care. B. Hope. C. Humor. D. Silence. 7．How can parents reduce conflicts' effect on their teens according to the passage? A. By spending more time with their teens. B. By displaying emotional warmth on the same day. C. By showing understanding related to the conflicts. D. By expressing agreement on whatever their teens say. 8．In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear? A. Life. B. Science. C. Culture. D. Biology. [答案] 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．A [解析] 5．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘The daily methodology...for daily life,’ says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study.”可知，他认为这种方法很好。 6．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，affection与understanding和praise是并列关系，意思应该相近，而understanding和praise都是积极正面的词，所以affection应是“关爱”之意，与A项意思相近。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，父母在同一天表现出情感上的温暖可以减少冲突对孩子的影响。 8．文章出处题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了耶鲁儿童研究中心的研究人员收集父母和青少年的日记，分析发现父母表达温暖与青少年感受到的被爱程度之间的日常波动的联系，这属于家庭教育的范畴，与生活息息相关。由此推知，本文应该出现在报纸的“生活”版块。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了耶鲁儿童研究中心的研究人员收集父母和青少年的日记，分析发现父母表达温暖与青少年感受到的被爱程度之间的日常波动的联系。 C When John was growing up，other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden，carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood，he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction，a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all，he was happier. Far happier. These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，” said George Vaillant，the psychologist who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves， others felt good about them.” Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47.Under Vaillant，the researchers compared the men's mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs，housework，effort in school，and ability to deal with problems. The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people， five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working at any age is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility，independence，confidence and competence—the underpinnings （基础） of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn't everything. As Tolstoy once said，“One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love，to work for the person one loves and to love one's work.” 9．What do we know about John? A. He enjoyed his career and marriage. B. He had few childhood playmates. C. He received little love from his family. D. He was envied by others in his childhood. 10．What do Vaillant's words in paragraph 2 serve as? A. A description of personal values and social values. B. An analysis of how work was related to competence. C. An example for parents' expectations of their children. D. An explanation of why some boys grew into happy men. 11．What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in paragraph 4? A. Quick to react. B. Having a thin edge. C. Clear and definite. D. Sudden and rapid. 12．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Competent adults know more about love than work. B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life. C. Love brings more joy to people than work does. D. Independence is the key to one's success. [答案] 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B [解析] 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He had more job satisfaction， a better marriage and was healthier.”可知，他享受自己的事业和婚姻。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘Boys who worked...of society,’...who made the discovery.”可知，瓦兰特的话解释了为什么一些小时候劳动的男孩会长成快乐的男人。 11．词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“Those who had done...to have been unemployed.”可知，男性小时候的所作所为与成年后的境遇之间的联系是很清晰明确的。由此可推知，画线词意为“清晰明确的”。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Childhood activities help a child...who know how to do this.”可推知，童年时期通过活动发展的情感健康对美好的成年生活至关重要。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过约翰的例子和一项研究表明，那些小时候工作过的人比那些没有工作过的人生活得更快乐、更富有成效。 Ⅱ.七选五 [（2025·湖北部分高中期中）]We can tell something about a person when we notice his or her body posture. The way people hold themselves gives important information. 1.   Not only do we see it in their body posture, but we also see it in the way they have very little eye contact. They say to the world that they are not interested in their environment, nor the people in it. Compare this to someone who walks straight and looks at the world and immediately you will have a different impression. 2.   Another feeling we can communicate with our body posture is one of interest and respect for someone else. Turning your body to someone when they are talking to you indicates that you are interested in hearing what they are saying. 3.   A small effort in this way can make the difference between being accepted by others or not. 4.   Someone who does not feel too comfortable in communication will often assume a defensive position. He or she will possibly have crossed arms or legs or will hold an object such as a bag in front. The bag as well as the crossed arms and legs provide protection for feeling uneasy. We often aren't aware of the body language signals we're sending, yet we unconsciously interpret the body language of others. Our interpretations rely heavily on our intuitive （直观的） feelings but it sometimes leads to misunderstandings. 5.   Thus, it's crucial to be mindful of the gestures you use and the contexts in which you use them. A.It is an act of friendliness and respect. B.A body posture can be closed or open. C.Our body posture often reflects quite well how we feel. D.Take for instance the gesture when we want to say OK. E.For example, individuals feeling low often hang their shoulders. F.Friendship also gets established by our body language interactions. G.A gesture means one thing in one culture and something entirely different in another. [答案] 1．E 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．G [解析] 1．空前说明了人们的姿势的重要性，空处应该举具体的例子说明它的重要性，E项说明人们的姿势会提供关于他们情绪的信息，承接上文，符合语境。 2．空前说明了人们用姿势来反映自己的情绪，C项说明了人们用姿势反映自己的感觉，承接上文，符合语境。 3．空前说明了我们用姿势来表达兴趣和尊重，且举出了“把身体转向对方”这个姿势的实际例子，空处也应该与兴趣和尊重有关，A项承接上文，符合语境。 4．空处是本段主旨句，空后说明了人们可能采取一些防御性的姿势把自己保护起来，B项说明了身体姿势可以是封闭的，也可以是开放的，引出下文人们保护自己的姿势，因此可作为本段主旨句。 5．空后说明要注意你使用某种姿势的场合，也就是文化背景，G项说明在不同的文化中姿势的意思不同，和文化背景有关，承接上文，符合语境。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了身体姿势在人际交流中的重要性。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [（2025·临沂河东区期中）]1.   has recently gained fame on Chinese social media is the opening of the outer regions of the Ailao Mountains （哀牢山） to tourists by authorities, as the inner areas remain untouched and 2．   （potential） hazardous（危险的）. In this region, an endangered white-eared night-heron （海南鳽）, which needs 3.   （protect） and is a member of the elusive（难以捉摸的） heron family, 4.   （spot） in the mountains of Southwest China. Listed as endangered by the IUCN 5.   protected by the Chinese government, only about 1,000 of these birds remain globally. 6.   （know） as the “world's most mysterious bird”, they prefer dense forests and are difficult to track. The improved local ecology is attracting more rare wildlife, and this species, native 7.   China and Vietnam, has been seen in the reserve for three consecutive years. The other day, a spotted adult bird was captured by experts and equipped with a satellite tracker before 8.   （release） back into the wild. “Bird calls nearby indicated the 9.   （present） of more than one bird,” said Zhao Xuebing, 10.   PhD student from Yunnan University who participated in the bird-banding operation. [答案] 1．What 2．potentially 3．protecting/to be protected 4．was spotted 5．and 6．Known 7．to 8．being released 9．presence 10．a [解析] 1．考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，应用what，空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写。 2．考查副词。修饰形容词hazardous，应用副词。 3．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作need的宾语，且night-heron与protect之间为被动关系，可用主动形式protecting表示被动含义，也可用被动形式to be protected。 4．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作谓语，主语an endangered white-eared night-heron与动词spot之间为被动关系，且发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为单数，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。 5．考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后为并列关系，应用连词and。 6．考查非谓语动词。（be） known as为固定搭配，意为“作为……而闻名”，空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写。 7．考查介词。native to为固定搭配，意为“原产于”。 8．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词before的宾语，且逻辑主语bird与动词release之间为被动关系，应用动名词的被动语态being done形式。 9．考查名词。空处作动词的宾语，应用名词形式。 10．考查冠词。student为可数名词，此处表泛指，且PhD是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了哀牢山地区发现的一种濒危鸟类——海南鳽。 61/121 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $