Unit 1 教材原文助读2-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册教用Word(人教版)

本讲义以人物传记阅读为核心，系统整合词汇积累（含35个标注音标、词性的词汇，重点词汇如genius、theory等标粗）、语法解析（如独立主格结构、非限制性定语从句等随文注释）与语篇分析（爱因斯坦生平时间线梳理），构建“词汇-语篇-语法”递进式学习支架，助力学生夯实基础并理解语篇逻辑。 该资料亮点在于重点词汇分类标注与语法点即时解析，如“the most well-known being...”独立主格结构注释，结合爱因斯坦科学贡献与人格事迹渗透文化意识，提升语言能力（词汇语法应用）和思维品质（时间线逻辑分析）。课中辅助学生理解复杂句式，课后可通过词汇表与翻译复习，有效查漏补缺。

教材原文助读2 读文清障 文本助解释疑 词汇积累 ①numerous ［ˈnju:mərəs］ adj.众多的；许多的 ②make contributions to...对……做出贡献 ③theory ［ˈθ Iəri］ n.理论；学说 ④relativity ［ˌreləˈtIvəti］ n.相对论；相对性 ⑤formula ［ˈfɔ:mjələ］ n.公式；方程式；配方 ⑥genius ［ˈdʒi:niəs］ n.（pl.geniuses）天才；天资；天赋 ⑦courageous adj.有胆量的，勇敢的 ⑧figure n.人物；身材；数字 ⑨gentle ［ˈdʒentl］ adj.温柔的；文静的 ⑩exceptional adj.优秀的；杰出的 ⑪manage to do sth.设法做到某事 ⑫patent ［ˈpeɪtnt;ˈpætnt］ n.专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的 ⑬passion ［ˈpæʃn］ n.酷爱；激情 ⑭doctorate ［ˈdɒktərət］ n.博士学位 ⑮miracle n.奇迹，不可思议的事 ⑯extraordinary ［Ikˈstrɔ:dnri;NAmE Ikˈstrɔ:dəneri］ adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 ⑰gradually ［ˈɡrædʒuəli］ adv.逐渐地；逐步地 ⑱photoelectric ［ˌfəʊtəʊɪˈlektrɪk］adj.光电的 ⑲come to power（开始）掌权；上台 ⑳institution ［ˌɪnstɪˈtju:ʃn］ n.社会公共机构；制度；习俗 ㉑consequence ［ˈkɒnsɪkwəns］n.结果；后果 as a consequence 结果，因此 as a consequence of... 由于……；作为……的结果 ㉒take up a position 担任；任职 ㉓institute ［ˈɪnstɪtju:t］n.（教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑 ㉔slightly adv.轻微地 ㉕odd-looking adj.相貌奇特的；外表怪异的 ㉖moustache ［məˈstɑːʃ;NAmE ˈmʌstæʃ］ n.上唇的胡子；髭 ㉗on end 竖立起来；连续地 ㉘peculiarity ［pɪˌkju:liˈærəti］n.个性；特点；怪异的性质 ㉙encounter ［Inˈkaʊntə（r）］ vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n.邂逅；遭遇 ㉚be mistaken for... 被误认/误解为…… ㉛professor ［prəˈfesə（r）］ n.教授 ㉜pass away 去世（委婉说法） ㉝mourn ［mɔ:n］ vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤 ㉞brilliant adj.杰出的；才华横溢的 读文清障 THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE Albert Einstein, ［1］who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men ［2］who ever lived.He made numerous① contributions to② the world, ［3］the most well-known being the general theory③ of relativity④ and the famous formula⑤  E=mc2.Einstein was not only a genius⑥; he was a courageous⑦ and kind figure⑧［4］loved by many people. ［1］此处是who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Albert Einstein。 ［2］此处是who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词men，who也可换为that。 ［3］此处the most well-known后省略了contribution，“the most well-known （contribution） being...”是“名词+现在分词”形式的独立主格结构。 ［4］此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰figure。 This gentle⑨ genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional⑩scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to⑪ pass the exam, ［5］entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. ［5］此处是动词-ing短语作结果状语，表示合乎情理的、顺其自然的结果。 After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent⑫office. While working there, out of a strong passion⑬ for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate⑭in physics in 1905.That same year, ［6］which was later recorded as a miracle⑮ year in science, he published four extraordinary⑯ physics papers.［7］Following this, he gradually⑰ became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric⑱ effect. ［6］此处是which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词year。 ［7］此处是动词-ing短语作伴随状语。 Circumstances changed in 1933, ［8］when Hitler came to power⑲ in Germany.Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions⑳ closed to him. As a consequence㉑ , he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position㉒ as a researcher at the Institute㉓ for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA.Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics. ［8］此处是when引导非限制性定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语，指代先行词1933。 To the public, he was seen as a slightly㉔ odd-looking㉕ but kind and funny man.［9］He had a thick moustache㉖ and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end㉗ as though he had just received an electric shock.Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his friends' birthdays. But despite his peculiarities㉘ , he was loved by his friends and neighbours. There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework. In fact, Einstein often encountered㉙ people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things. After many such occasions, he finally started saying, “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for㉚ Professor㉛ Einstein!” ［9］本句中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词hair；as though引导方式状语从句，从句中使用了虚拟语气。 On 18 April 1955, ［10］it was reported that Einstein had passed away㉜ , and the whole world mourned㉝ the great loss of a brilliant㉞ scientist. ［10］此处it作形式主语，that后的“Einstein had passed away”作真正的主语。 原文翻译 一个改变了我们对宇宙的理解的男人 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，经常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。他对世界作出了许多贡献，最广为人知的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。爱因斯坦不仅是一个天才，还是一个勇敢而善良的人，受到许多人的喜爱。 这位温柔的天才于1879年3月14日出生于德国。16岁时，他曾试图去瑞士上大学，尽管他在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩，但由于入学考试的综合部分分数较低，他未能如愿。经过又一年的学习，他设法通过了考试，于1896年进入了大学，1900年毕业。 在找了两年的教师工作后，爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局找到了一份职员的工作。在那里工作时，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。同年，他发表了四篇杰出的物理学论文，这一年后来被称为科学史上的奇迹之年。此后，他逐渐成为举世闻名的新艾萨克·牛顿。四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，进入一所大学做全职研究。1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。 1933年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。因此，他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲待了一段时间后，他最终在美国普林斯顿高等研究院担任研究员一职。此后，他继续在物理和数学方面取得巨大成就。 对于公众来说，他看起来有点儿古怪，但又很善良，也很有趣。他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时好像他刚遭到电击似的竖起来。虽然他是一个天才，但他有时会忘记一些事情，比如他朋友的生日。尽管他性格古怪，但他深受朋友和邻居的喜爱。甚至还有一个关于他如何帮助一个小女孩的故事。这个女孩曾经敲响他的门，请求他帮她做家庭作业。事实上，爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人，他们会拦住他，请他帮忙解释一些事情。经过多次这样的情况后，他终于开口说：“原谅我!对不起!我总是被误认为是爱因斯坦教授！” 1955年4月18日，据报道,爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为失去一位杰出的科学家而哀伤。 61/121 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $