08-Unit 4 Period 5 Writing-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册教用课件(人教版)

UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 1 Period 5 Writing 主题引领 情境写作 2 1 写作一 概要写作（自然灾害） 2 写作二 场景微续写（山体滑坡下摧毁与重生的较量） 3 PART 01 写作一 概要写作（自然灾害） 4 阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 The earthquake that hit San Francisco on April 18，1906 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of walls and chimneys （烟囱）. But the fire that followed burned up hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of buildings and homes. Never before in history had a city been so completely destroyed. San Francisco was gone. The factories, the great stores and newspaper buildings, the hotels, and the great houses of the rich were all gone. 返回导航 5 On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five came the earthquake. A moment later, the disaster was a fact. South of Market Street， in the working-class neighborhoods and in the factories, fires started. Within an hour of the first quake，the smoke could be seen 100 miles away. The sun was red in the dark sky. There was no stopping the fires. The firefighters to whom the task was given did their best but there was no way to organize or communicate. The railway tracks were now useless and there was no water in water pipes. All of the ways man had made to keep the city safe were gone in the thirty seconds the earth moved. 返回导航 6 On Wednesday afternoon, half the heart of the city was gone. At that time, I watched the disaster from a ship on the bay （海湾）. Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up. Yet from every direction—east, west, north, and south—strong winds blew upon the unlucky city and those whose homes had once stood in its green hills. 返回导航 7 Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city. Man himself had to make ruins of some of the city's best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets. Tens of thousands who had lost their homes left the city to look for shelters from the fires. Some were dressed only in blankets and carried the things that they had been able to rescue from the fires. But there were no fights and no pushing or shoving. Somehow this worst of disasters brought out the best in the survivors. Never in all 返回导航 8 of San Francisco's history were her people so kind as on this night of terror. ___________________________________________________________ 返回导航 &1& 审题谋篇 体裁 记叙文 主题 旧金山发生大地震 框架 地震的相关信息+地震引发的灾难+地震中人们的表现 返回导航 10 &2& 找关键信息 Para.1关键句： 1.The earthquake that hit San Francisco on April 18, 1906 ____________________________________________________________________. 2.__________________________________________________________ shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of walls and chimneys Never before in history had a city been so completely destroyed. 返回导航 11 Para.2关键句： 3.____________________________________________________________________ 4._____________________________________________________________________________________ 5._____________________________________________________ but there was no way to organize or communicate. On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five came the earthquake. South of Market Street， in the working-class neighborhoods and in the factories, fires started. The firefighters to whom the task was given did their best Para.3关键句： 6.On Wednesday afternoon, _______________________ was gone. half the heart of the city 返回导航 12 Para.4关键句： 7.___________________________________________________________ 8.___________________________________________________________________________________ 9.___________________________________________________________________ 10._________________________________________________________________________________ Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city. Tens of thousands who had lost their homes left the city to look for shelters from the fires. Somehow this worst of disasters brought out the best in the survivors. Never in all of San Francisco's history were her people so kind as on this night of terror. 返回导航 13 &3& 整合关键信息 11.将句1和句2两个要点进行整合 A great earthquake hit San Francisco on April 18, 1906, ____________________________________. which left the city completely destroyed 12.将句3、句4和句5三个要点进行整合 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ but there was no way to organize or communicate. At a quarter past five came the earthquake, and later fires started in South of Market Street. The firefighters tried their best 返回导航 14 13.将句6、句7、句8、句9和句10五个要点进行整合 On Wednesday afternoon, half the heart of the city was gone.______ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city. Tens of thousands lost their homes. But people showed their greatest kindness on this night of terror. 返回导航 15 &4& 遣词造句 14.用现在分词短语作状语改写句11并用同义词替换hit ________________________________________________________________________________________ A great earthquake struck San Francisco on April 18, 1906, leaving the city completely destroyed. 15.用强调句型改写句12并用同义词替换way ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ It was at a quarter past five that the earthquake came, and later fires started in South of Market Street. The firefighters tried their best but there was no means to organize or communicate. 返回导航 16 16.用同义转述的方式概括句13并用同义词替换was gone ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ On Wednesday afternoon, half the heart of the city disappeared. When night fell，the city was seriously destroyed. Although people were in disaster, they showed their greatest kindness on this night of terror. 返回导航 17 &5& 连句成篇 ___________________________________________________________ One possible version: A great earthquake struck San Francisco on April 18, 1906, leaving the city completely destroyed. It was at a quarter past five that the earthquake came, and later fires started in South of Market Street. The firefighters tried their best but there was no means to organize or communicate. On Wednesday afternoon, half the heart of the city disappeared. When night fell, the city was seriously destroyed. Although people were in disaster, they showed their greatest kindness on this night of terror. 返回导航 18 阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 As most people know, in the past few years, sandstorms have swept across many countries, polluting the air and disturbing daily lives of human beings. Saharan sandstorms have increased about 10 times during the half-century since the 1950s, causing topsoil loss in nearby countries. In Mauritania, there were just two sandstorms a year in the early 1960s, but there are 80 a year today. 返回导航 19 In desert areas, sandstorms are most commonly caused either by thunderstorm outflows, or by strong pressure gradients （压力梯度） which cause an increase in wind speed over a wide area. In some cases, dust and sand may set a limit to a shallow depth by a low-lying temperature change. In other cases, dust may be blown as high as 6,100 metres. Drought （干旱） is another cause of sandstorms. Poor farming practices make dust and sand free of protection from the wind. Dryland farming is one of the most serious practices. A sandstorm can transport and carry large amounts of sand. Desert is the key source of sandstorms. 返回导航 20 Sandstorms have also been shown to increase the spread of disease across the globe. Virus （病毒） in the dust is blown into the atmosphere by the sandstorms. Some diseases may not be urgent at the very beginning, but they can develop into deadly ones if left untreated. For example, a breathing problem can lead to lung cancer, while dry eyes lead to blindness. Sandstorms cause soil loss from the dry lands, doing harm to agriculture. Sandstorms also reduce visibility, affecting aeroplanes and road transportation （运输）. In addition, sandstorms also discourage visitors from visiting these places, thus striking tourism. 返回导航 21 So what should we do with the frightening sandstorms? Some experts put forward practical suggestions as follows. For one thing, more funds ought to be put into tree planting and forest protection so as to keep more water resources within the surface of the Earth. For another, governments of all countries should make laws on environmental protection. For example, banning the use of throwaway chopsticks and punishing illegal tree cutting. Scientists should also study and find ways to cut down the degree of its destruction and to improve the whole environment. _________________________________________________________ 返回导航 22 One possible version: Worries arise with global increasing sandstorms.（要点1） There are many causes of sandstorms, such as thunderstorm outflows, strong pressure gradients, drought, poor farming practices and deserts.（要点2） Besides affecting aeroplanes, transportation and tourism, sandstorms do harm to human beings by spreading diseases, and agriculture by causing soil loss.（要点3） Scientists should play an important role in fighting against sandstorms. Reforestation is necessary and laws on environmental protection should be made.（要点4） 返回导航 23 1.The rain poured down, and the wind has been howling for the whole night. 大雨倾盆而下,狂风呼啸了一整夜。 2.An extremely powerful storm hit the area, destroying numerous houses and roads. 一场特大暴风雨袭击了该地区,摧毁了许多房屋和道路。 3.An earthquake killed 300 people and left more than 8,000 people injured. 一场地震造成300人死亡、8 000多人受伤。 返回导航 24 4.In the flash of lightning, you could see the trees uprooted by the wind lying across the road, and the cars without owners turned upside down on the roadside. 借着一道闪电,你可以看到被风连根拔起的大树横在路上,没有主人的汽车翻倒在路边。 5.The branches swayed wildly in the wind, making a terrible sound. The thunder and lightning were also frightening. 树枝在狂风中大幅度地摇晃着,发出可怕的声音。雷鸣和闪电也叫人心惊胆战。 返回导航 25 PART 02 写作二 场景微续写（山体滑坡下摧毁与重生的较量） 26 词汇积累 ［自然灾害描写］ disaster， tornado， drought， landslide， tsunami， flood， volcanic eruption， magnitude， crack， ruin， in ruins， erupt， typhoon， hurricane， emergency， crash ［情感描写］ affect， shock， in shock， effort， calm ［动作描写］ flood， rescue， damage， destroy， shelter， trap， bury， suffer， survive， aid， sweep away， wave， strike， deliver 返回导航 27 佳句积累 ［重复］ For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell. ［排比］ Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat， and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide， and fish jumped out of the water. ［夸张］It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！ ［比喻］ Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. 续表 返回导航 28 佳句积累 ［动作描写］ Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. ［拟人］1.Slowly， the city began to breathe again. 2.Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. 续表 返回导航 29 佳句积累 ［主旨升华］ Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 续表 返回导航 30 ［场景呈现］ 山体滑坡突然冲走了沿途的一切，村民们都惊呆了。整座山似乎都倒塌了，房屋和道路被埋在成吨的废墟下。见此情景，人群中涌起了一阵恐惧。一些房屋被完全摧毁，而另一些房屋则被部分掩埋，使得幸存者没有了避难所。受苦最多的是老人和孩子，但勇敢的村民们为生存而战。有些人设法逃脱，这是一个奇迹。这次山体滑坡悲惨地提醒我们大自然的威力，以及那些吃苦耐劳的人的力量。 返回导航 31 The villagers 1.________________________________________ ____________________________ in its path. 2._______________（as if引导表语从句） the whole mountain had fallen apart, burying houses and roads under tons of ruins. Seeing that, 3.____________________________________（无生命名词作主语）. Some houses were completely destroyed, while others were partly buried, 4.__________________________________（现在分词短语作状 were in shock as the landslide suddenly swept away everything It seemed as if a flood of fear welled up in the crowd leaving the survivors with no shelters 返回导航 32 语）. Those who suffered the most were the elderly and children, but the brave villagers fought to survive. 5.____________________（同位语从句） some managed to escape. The landslide was a tragic reminder of nature's power, and the strength of 6._______________________（定语从句）. It was a miracle that those who bear hardship 返回导航 短语必记 1.be frozen with fear 吓呆了 2.be pale with fear吓得脸色发白 3.tremble with terror/horror吓得发抖 4.tears of terror/horror/fear恐惧的泪水 5.frighten the pants off sb.把……吓得屁滚尿流 6.one's heart be stuck in one's throat心卡在嗓子眼 7.be in panic/shock/be seized with panic惊慌失措 8.one's throat tightens with horror/fear吓得喉咙发紧 返回导航 34 必背金句 1.Her heart raced as panic set in, and she could hardly catch her breath. 随着恐慌袭来，她心跳加速，几乎无法喘息。 2.He froze in place, eyes wide with fear, unable to move a muscle. 他僵在原地，眼睛因为恐惧而瞪得大大的，动弹不得。 3.His hands trembled uncontrollably, and his face turned pale with terror. 他的手不由自主地颤抖，脸色因恐惧变得苍白。 4.It felt as if the walls were closing in on him, his breathing quickening with each passing second. 他感觉墙壁在逼近，随着时间的流逝，呼吸变得越来越急促。 续表 返回导航 35 必背金句 5.She could feel her knees weakening, her legs threatening to give way under the pressure. 她感觉双膝发软，双腿在压力下几乎要支撑不住了。 6.The sound of footsteps behind her made her stomach drop, her heart pounding in her chest. 她背后传来的脚步声让她胃里一沉，心脏在胸膛里怦怦直跳。 续表 返回导航 36 $