Unit 4 Period 2 Reading and Thinking-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册教用Word(人教版)

本讲义围绕唐山地震主题语篇，构建“整体理解—细节分析—语言巩固—思维拓展”的学习支架，系统梳理语篇主旨、结构线索（如“strange signs—ruins—rescue—revive”脉络）、细节信息（地震前异常现象、震后救援），并结合核心词汇（ruin, trap, rescue）、语法结构（定语从句、“too...to...”句型、as if表语从句）及主题意义探究（面对灾难的应对与反思）。 资料以“语篇为载体，素养为导向”，通过语篇结构分析和长难句拆解提升语言能力，讨论活动（如“面对地震该做什么”）培养思维品质（分析与解决问题），词汇分层练习助力学习能力。课中辅助教师落实精读教学，课后通过语法填空、完成句子等练习帮助学生巩固知识，弥补薄弱环节。

Period 2 Reading and Thinking 〈教材助读+语基默写〉见分册本 精读课文 语篇理解 Activity 1 Reading for Main Idea What's the main idea of the passage? A. A terrible earthquake of Tangshan. B. Strange signs before the earthquake of Tangshan. C. Rescue work after the earthquake of Tangshan. D. Damages of the earthquake of Tangshan. [答案]A Activity 2 Structure and Clues [答案]strange； cracks； shake； ruins； nothing； destroyed； trapped； breathe； revive Activity 3 Reading for Details 1．What's the first paragraph mainly about？ A. Some unusual signs before the earthquake. B. Some strange things during the earthquake. C. A simple introduction to the city of Tangshan. D. A simple introduction to the Tangshan earthquake. [答案]A 2．How does the author show the seriousness of the earthquake in Para.2？ A. By telling some stories. B. By using some numbers. C. By quoting some experts. D. By describing some events. [答案]B 3．What does the last sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” in Para.4 mean? A. People who were trapped came to life. B. The trees turned green. C. The animals began to breathe. D. The city returned to normal gradually. [答案]D 4．What has Tangshan city proved to the world according to Para.5？ A. We should work hard and be kind. B. We should be caring and help others. C. We should stay positive and unite as one. D. We should keep trying and never give up. [答案]C Activity 4 Structural Analysis 1．Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.（Para.2） ［分析］ 此句是主从复合句。Eleven kilometres directly below the city是_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ；one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century是句子的_ _ _ _ ；had begun是_ _ _ _ ；a quake是_ _ _ _ _ _ ，后面跟了一个that引导的_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 。 ［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]地点状语； 主语； 谓语； 同位语； 定语从句； 在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重的地震之一发生了，这场地震甚至对150多千米外的北京也造成了破坏。 2．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.（Para.2） ［分析］ 本句是主从复合句。who引导_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ，是关系代词，指代前面的people，在从句中作_ _ _ _ ；The number of 意为“……的数量”，作_ _ _ _ ，谓语动词用_ _ _ _ 形式。 ［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]定语从句； 主语； 主语； 单数； 在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。 3．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.（Para.4） ［分析］ 本句是主从复合句。who引导_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ，是关系代词，指代前面的those，指人，在从句中作_ _ _ _ ；dig out意为“挖掘、挖出”；the dead表示“_ _ _ _ _ _ ”，指“死者”。 ［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]定语从句； 主语； 一类人； 地震发生后不久，军队派出了15万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困人员并埋葬遇难者。 4．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.（Para.4） ［分析］ 本句是主从复合句。whose引导_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ，是关系代词，指代前面的survivors,和homes是所属关系，在从句中作_ _ _ _ 。 ［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]定语从句； 定语； 工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。 5．Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.（Para.5） ［分析］本句是主从复合句。that 引导_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ，作前面动词proved的宾语，可省略。 ［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]宾语从句； 唐山市已经向中国和世界证明，在灾难时期，人们必须团结一致，展现保持乐观和重建更加光明的未来的智慧。 Activity 5 Grammar Filling for the passage Several days before July 28，1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan. But people in the city, 1.   were asleep as usual that night, didn't think much of these. At 3：42 a.m.，one of the most 2.   （dead） earthquakes of the 20th century broke out. In less than one minute, Tangshan 3.   （lie） in ruins. The number of people who were killed or 4.   （terrible） injured in the quake 5.   （be） more than 400，000.Water, food, and electricity were hard 6.   （get）.But all the hope wasn't lost. Soon after the quakes, soldiers 7.   （organise） to dig out the trapped and bury the dead. Many more people, including workers，doctors and nurses, came to provide help. 8.   all the efforts, the city began to breathe again. Today, 9.   new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins, 10.   has proved to the entire world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. [答案] 1．who 2．deadly 3．lay 4．terribly 5．was 6．to get 7．were organised 8．With 9．a 10．which Activity 6 Discussion 1．What should we do in the face of an earthquake? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]Open answers. 2．What can we learn from a natural disaster? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]Open answers. 自查语基 知能落实 Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记 选出与单词对应的汉语释义 A.直升机 B.震级；重大 C.裂纹；裂缝 D.龙卷风；旋风 E.疏散；撤出;撤离 F.（山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡 G.海啸 1．tornado n. 2．landslide n. 3．tsunami n. 4．magnitude n. 5．evacuate v. 6．helicopter n. 7．crack n. [答案] 1．D 2．F 3．G 4．B 5．E 6．A 7．C Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1．a natural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 自然灾害 [答案]disaster 2．severe _ _ _ _ _ _ 严重旱灾 [答案]drought 3．_ _ _ _ down the grassy slope 从草坡上滑下来 [答案]slide 4．_ _ _ _ warnings 洪水警报 [答案]flood 5．come to one's _ _ _ _ _ _ 营救某人 [答案]rescue 6．_ _ _ _ _ _ the buildings 破坏建筑物 [答案]damage 7．set up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 建立避难所 [答案]shelters 8．lie in _ _ _ _ 沦为废墟 [答案]ruins 9．one hundred _ _ _ _ _ _ 百分之百；不折不扣 [答案]percent 10．a _ _ _ _ wall 砖墙 [答案]brick 11．a _ _ _ _ pipe 金属管 [答案]metal 12．be _ _ _ _ _ _ in the elevator 被困在电梯里 [答案]trapped 13．_ _ _ _ the dead 埋葬逝者 [答案]bury 14．spare no _ _ _ _ _ _ to solve the problem 不遗余力地解决这个问题 [答案]effort 15．out of _ _ _ _ _ _ 脱离上下文 [答案]context Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．_ _ _ _ _ _ ［dɪˈstrɔɪ］ vt.摧毁；毁灭→destruction n.毁灭；破坏→destructive adj.破坏性的 [答案]destroy 2．_ _ _ _ ［deθ］ n.死；死亡→dead adj.死的；无生命的→deadly adj.致命的；致死的adv.极其；非常→die v.死；死亡；灭亡→dying adj.垂死的；临终的 [答案]death 3．_ _ _ _ _ _ ［əˈfekt］ vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动→affection n.喜爱；钟爱 [答案]affect 4．_ _ _ _ ［ʃɒk］ n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克;电击 vt.（使）震惊；（使）遭电击→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的 [答案]shock 5．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti］ n.电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electrical adj.与电有关的 [答案]electricity 6．_ _ _ _ _ _ ［bri:ð ］ vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n.呼吸→breathless adj.喘不过气来的 [答案]breathe 7．_ _ _ _ _ _ ［ˈwɪzdəm］ n.智慧;才智→wise adj.明智的;有智慧的→wisely adv.明智地;聪明地→（反义词）unwise adj.不明智的 [答案]wisdom 8．_ _ _ _ _ _ ［ˈsʌfə］ vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦→suffering n.折磨；苦难→sufferer n.患病者；受苦者；受难者 [答案]suffer Ⅳ.重点短语·再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．It seems _ _ _ _ （似乎） our team is going to win the match. [答案]as if 2．Before the class _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （结束），our teacher requests us to write a summary. [答案]comes to an end 3．The city which was known for its wonderful view was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （破败不堪） after the terrible earthquake. [答案]in ruins 4．He suddenly rushed out, leaving all the people in the room _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （吃惊）. [答案]in shock 5．After hours of hiking, he felt exhausted and almost _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （倒下） on the trail. [答案]fell down 6．If you can't keep fit, you will often _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （遭受） poor physical and mental health. [答案]suffer from Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．“too...to...”意为“太……而不能……” Chickens and even pigs were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （太紧张而吃不下东西）, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.（Para.1） [答案]too nervous to eat 2．现在分词短语作状语 Mice ran out of the fields _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （寻找藏身之所）, and fish jumped out of the water.（Para.1） [答案]looking for places to hide 3．as if引导表语从句 It seemed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （仿佛世界末日就要到了）!（Para.2） [答案]as if the world were coming to an end 4．who引导定语从句 The number of people _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤） was more than 400,000.（Para.2） [答案]who were killed or badly injured in the quake 5．everywhere引导地点状语从句 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （幸存者目及之处）, there was nothing but ruins.（Para.3） [答案]Everywhere survivors looked 6．动词不定式作目的状语 Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （搜救被困人员并埋葬遇难者）.（Para.4） [答案]to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead 创意课堂 点面突破 1 rescue n.& vt.营救；救援 【经典例句】（教材P48）What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area? 救援人员和士兵在遭受洪灾的地区做什么? （1）come/go to one's rescue 来/去营救某人 rescue...from...把……从……营救出来 （2）rescuer n.救助者，救援人员 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 （1） He and his classmates were crying on the playground,not knowing what was going on,when the rescue workers came _ _ _ _ their rescue. （2） The firemen rescued six children _ _ _ _ the burning house yesterday. （3） 幸运的是，听说孩子们被困在废墟中，士兵们立刻赶来救援。 Luckily, hearing the children trapped in the ruins， _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . [答案] （1） to （2） from （3） the soldiers immediately came to their rescue 2 damage vt.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失；损害赔偿金 【经典例句】（教材P48）Which buildings were damaged in Seoul？ 在首尔，哪些建筑被毁了？ （1）damage one's health 损害某人的健康 （2）cause/do damage to...=do harm to... 对……造成损害/破坏 pay for the damage赔偿损失 suffer damage/loss遭受损失 economic damage经济损失 claim damages索要赔偿金 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 （1） She claimed _ _ _ _ _ _ （damage） from the company for the injury she had suffered. （2） The old lady did everything in her power to protect the old temple from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （damage）. （3） The storm, with its intense winds and heavy rainfall, did great damage _ _ _ _ the crops. （4） 众所周知，吸烟会损害我们的健康。 →It is well known that smoking can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .（damage vt.） →As we all know, smoking can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .（damage n.） →What is well-known is that smoking can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .（harm n.） [答案] （1） damages （2） being damaged （3） to （4） damage our health；cause/do damage to our health；do harm to our health 3 affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 【经典例句】Many external influences can affect one's state of mind. 许多外在因素可能会影响一个人的心态。 （1）be affected with... 患……（疾病）;被……感染 be affected by...被……打动/影响 （2）affection n.喜爱；钟爱 【语境辨义/单句语法填空/句式升级】 （1） A bad home environment can affect a child's healthy growth._ _ _ _ （2） The virus spread rapidly, affecting many people in the community._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （3） Many young people were affected by his story and began to do voluntary work for the disabled._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （4） The movie's box office success was affected _ _ _ _ its marketing campaign. （5） He was affected with a serious disease and he knew there was no hope of recovery. →_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , he knew there was no hope of recovery.（过去分词短语作状语） [答案] （1） 影响 （2） （疾病）侵袭 （3） 深深打动 （4） by （5） Affected with a serious disease 4 ruin n. & vt.破坏；毁坏 【经典例句】（教材P50）In less than one minute， a large city lay in ruins. 在不到一分钟的时间里，一座巨大的城市沦为废墟。 （1）be/lie in ruins 沦为废墟；毁灭 fall into ruin沦为废墟；破败不堪 be reduced to ruins成为一片废墟 （2）ruin oneself自我毁灭 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 （1） With time going on, the castle which was once a beautiful sight is now totally _ _ _ _ ruins. （2） Shortly after suffering from a big earthquake and being reduced to _ _ _ _ （ruin）, the city took on a new look. （3） He made a mistake, _ _ _ _ _ _ （ruin） his chance to be promoted as the manager of the company. （4） 如果你不放弃电脑游戏，你将会毁了自己。 If you don't give up the computer games, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .［应用文写作之建议信］ [答案] （1） in （2） ruins （3） ruining （4） you'll ruin yourself 5 shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊 【经典例句】 ①（教材P50）People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人们惊恐万分——接着，在那天下午的晚些时候，又一次强烈的地震撼动了唐山。 ②（外研必修一U5）When I recovered from the shock, I looked at my camera. 当我从震惊中恢复过来后，我看了看我的相机。 （1）in shock 震惊;吃惊;休克 to one's shock令某人震惊的是 electric shock电击 （2）shocked adj.感到震惊的 be shocked at/by...对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth./that...对做某事/……感到震惊 （3）shocking adj.令人震惊的 It is shocking to sb. that...令某人震惊的是…… （4）shockingly adv.令人震惊的是 【单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译】 （1） Jane was shocked _ _ _ _ _ _ （find）that she was lost in the forest and she couldn't help crying. （2） The news of his sudden death is so _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that everyone is greatly _ _ _ _ _ _ at it.（shock） （3） 我震惊地望着他，等待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.［读后续写之神情描写］ （4） 对这个男人和他的女儿死于可怕的空难，我很震惊。 →_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that the man and his daughter died in the terrible air crash.（shocked adj.） →_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , the man and his daughter died in the terrible air crash.（shock n.） →_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the man and his daughter died in the terrible air crash.（shocking adj.） [答案] （1） to find （2） shocking；shocked （3） looked at him in shock （4） I was shocked；To my shock；It was shocking to me that 6 trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱 【经典例句】（教材P50）Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，军队派出了15万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困人员并埋葬遇难者。 （1）be trapped in... 被困/陷在……中 trap sb. into （doing） sth.诱使某人（做）某事 （2）fall into a trap落入圈套 【单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级】 （1） If you trust strategies blindly， you're likely to fall _ _ _ _ a trap. （2） The rescue team _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （trap） in the burning building. （3） 在网上回答问题之前你要仔细考虑。你可能会被人欺骗泄露非常重要的个人信息。 Think carefully before you answer questions online. You _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .［应用文写作之建议信］ （4） The young man was trapped in the building, and he felt very helpless. →_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， the young man felt very helpless.（过去分词短语作状语） [答案] （1） into （2） were trapped （3） may be trapped into giving away very important personal information （4） Trapped in the building 7 bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心 【经典例句】These may sometimes include whole cities buried beneath the waves. 这些有时会包括埋在海浪下的整座城市。 （1）be buried under/in... 被埋在…… bury one's face/head in one's hands双手掩面/捂头 （2） 【单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译】 （1） Nowadays teenagers are often found _ _ _ _ _ _ （bury） in their own smartphones. （2） 沉浸于经典著作的阅读之中，我不仅拓宽了自己的视野，还对不同的文化有了更深刻的理解。 Deeply _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ classics, not only did I broaden my horizons but I also had a better understanding of different cultures.［应用文写作之读书的益处］ （3） 玛丽埋头于她的毕业论文，没有时间做兼职工作。 →_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ her graduation paper， Mary has no time to do a part-time job.（过去分词短语作状语） →_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ her graduation paper， Mary has no time to do a part-time job.（现在分词短语作状语） [答案] （1） buried （2） buried in reading （3） Buried in；Burying herself in 8 shelter n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避（风雨或危险） 【经典例句】（教材P50）Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者建造避难所。 （1）take shelter from... 躲避…… under the shelter of...在……的庇护下 a shelter for...……的庇护所 （2）shelter...from...保护……不受…… 【单句语法填空/语境辨义/完成句子】 （1） We sat in the shade of a big tree, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （shelter） from the sun. （2） [（2024·浙江卷1月）]When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter _ _ _ _ the rain. （3） Some parents want to shelter their children from any potential harm._ _ _ _ （4） Many are sleeping in the open because they have no shelter to protect them from the elements._ _ _ _ （5） 救援队帮助那些无家可归的人建立了庇护所。 The rescue teams helped _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ those who were homeless. [答案] （1） sheltering （2） from （3） 保护 （4） 居所 （5） set up shelters for 9 breathe vi.& vt.呼吸 【经典例句】（教材P50）Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。 （1）breathe in/out 吸气/呼气 breathe a sigh of relief如释重负 （2）breath n.呼气；呼吸 take a deep breath深呼吸 catch one's breath喘息；喘口气 out of breath上气不接下气 （3）breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 （1） As soon as he entered the kitchen, he couldn't help but breathe _ _ _ _ the rich smell of the soup. （2） 深吸一口气，我告诉你时再呼气。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and then _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ when I tell you to. （3） 跑完五层楼后，她上气不接下气，需要喘口气。 After running up the five flights of stairs, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . [答案] （1） in （2） Take a deep breath；breathe out （3） she was breathless and needed to catch her breath 10 effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 【经典例句】 ①（教材P50）With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. 在政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在废墟中建立起来。 ②（译林必修一U1）You need to make a continuous effort to train your mind and develop your character. 你们需要不断努力训练你们的心智，发展你们的品格。 （1）make efforts/an effort/every effort to do sth.尽一切努力做某事 spare no effort（s） to do sth.不遗余力做某事 with/without effort（s）费力地/毫不费力地 （2）effortless adj.不需费力的；容易的 【单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译】 （1） You should make a greater effort _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （study） hard. （2） I told myself I should never give up. Then I pulled the weed again _ _ _ _ great efforts. （3） 政府决定不遗余力地为无家可归者修建收容所。 The government is determined to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ homeless people. （4） 我将尽全力帮助处于困境中的那些同学。 →I will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ those students who are in trouble. →I will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ those students who are in trouble. [答案] （1） to study （2） with （3） spare no effort（s） to build shelters for （4） make every effort to help；spare no effort（s） to help 11 suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦 【经典例句】（教材P51）Some were found alive, though they were suffering from terrible injuries. 有些人被发现时还活着，尽管他们受了重伤。 （1）suffer losses/pains遭受损失/痛苦 （2）suffer from...患……病；因……而受苦 （3）suffering n.［U］折磨；苦难；痛苦 sufferings n.［pl.］痛苦；苦恼 sufferer n.患病者；受苦者；受难者 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 （1） Only in this way can we avoid suffering _ _ _ _ the pressure of exams. （2） The survivor never talked about his _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （suffer） in the disaster. （3） 生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。 There are always some ups and downs in our lives，but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .［读后续写之主旨升华］ [答案] （1） from （2） suffering（s） （3） it is the suffering that makes us stronger 12 “too...to...”意为“太……而不能……” 【经典例句】 ①（教材P50）Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至猪都因为太紧张而吃不下东西，狗也拒绝进入建筑物内。 ②（外研必修一U1）I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself! 我太紧张了，都没注意听他做自我介绍！ （1）“too+adj./adv.+（for sb.） to do sth.”表示否定意义，意为“（对某人来说）太……而不能做某事”； （2）“too+glad/pleased/delighted/willing/anxious+to do sth.”表示肯定意义，意为“太高兴/乐意/渴望做某事”。 【单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换】 （1） I stood as far away from the TV as possible, too scared _ _ _ _ _ _ （open） my eyes. （2） 这个小男孩缓缓低下了头，太羞愧而不敢看那个老人的眼睛。 The little boy lowered his head slowly， _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . ［读后续写之神情描写］ （3） The problem is so complex that we couldn't solve it without professional guidance. →The problem _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ without professional guidance. [答案] （1） to open （2） too ashamed to look into the old man's eyes （3） is too complex to solve 13 as if引导表语从句 【经典例句】（教材P50）It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 看起来仿佛世界末日就要到了! （1）as if可引导表语从句或方式状语从句； （2）从句用陈述语气，表示从句描述的情况是真实的或将来极有可能发生的； （3）从句用虚拟语气的三种情况： ①与现在事实相反，用一般过去时（be动词通常用were）； ②与过去事实相反，用过去完成时； ③与将来事实相反，用“would/could/might+动词原形”。 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 （1） The teacher treats me as if I _ _ _ _ （be） his own daughter. （2） Tom and his new friend talked as if they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （be） friends for years. （3） 看起来好像你对中国文化真的感兴趣，因此我建议你申请北京大学。 It seems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， so I recommend you to apply for Peking University.［应用文写作之建议信］ （4） 他非常沮丧，看起来似乎他已被扔进了悲伤的海洋。 He was quite upset and it seemed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .［读后续写之心理描写］ [答案] （1） were （2） had been （3） as if you are really interested in Chinese culture （4） as if he had been thrown into an ocean of sadness 课堂微练 即时检验 Ⅰ.品句填词 1．The city finally revived because of the joint e_ _ _ _ _ _ made by the government and the citizens. [答案]fforts 2．Whenever a natural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （灾难） occurs, soldiers are always ready to protect people's lives. [答案]disaster 3．Too much drinking will do d_ _ _ _ to your health；you should take the doctor's advice. [答案]amage 4．Millions of people offered help to the people in the _ _ _ _ _ _ （被淹没的） area. [答案]flooded 5．The life guard rushed into water and swam with all his might to r_ _ _ _ the drowning boy. [答案]escue 6．His bad habit _ _ _ _ _ _ （毁坏） his chance of having a bright future. [答案]ruined 7．While walking in the park, I saw a young man _ _ _ _ _ _ （滑动） smoothly on his skateboard. [答案]sliding 8．The old house was built with red _ _ _ _ _ _ （砖），giving it a classic look. [答案]bricks 9．He _ _ _ _ _ _ （使专心） himself in his work, forgetting about the passage of time. [答案]buried 10．When the rain started pouring down, people ran into the nearby store to seek _ _ _ _ _ _ （庇护所）. [答案]shelter Ⅱ.词块运用 1．A medical team, consisting of 15 doctors and 30 nurses, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （建立） immediately when we got the news of the flood. [答案]was set up 2．Even on busy days, I do some stretching exercises _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （像往常一样） to relieve stress. [答案]as usual 3．I will compete in the English Speech Contest， so I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （专心于） preparing for it in the past few days. [答案]have been buried in 4．The ancient temple has been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （破败不堪） and needs repairing. [答案]in ruins 5．Students were all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （震惊） when they heard the news of the famous scientist's death. [答案]in shock 6．The student ran into the school library to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （躲避） the noise, hoping to focus on his study. [答案]shelter from Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文 On December 21st, 2022, a terrible earthquake hit State of California. It seemed 1.   （仿佛世界末日来临了；as if引导表语从句）. The suffering of the people was extreme. A lot of houses and roads were destroyed, 2.   （使得许多人无家可归；现在分词短语作状语）. Some were missing while those who survived were either badly injured or in panic. The majority 3.   （太害怕了而不能保持镇静; too...to...）. Worse still, water and electricity were cut off, making it difficult for people to survive. Fortunately, the government called on the whole society to take action immediately. Many social organisations and people volunteered to give a helping hand or donate money to the earthquake-hit area. Rescuers were sent 4.   （去寻找幸存者并挖出被困在废墟中的人;动词不定式作目的状语）. So 5.   （他们所到之处;everywhere引导地点状语从句）, they were greeted with warm welcome. Thanks to the joint efforts, the area gradually recovered. During the hardest of times, there is always room for hope. [答案] 1．as if the world were at an end 2．leaving a great many people homeless 3．were too frightened to stay calm 4．to search for the survivors and dig out people who were trapped in ruins 5．everywhere they went 课后巩固 多维提能 ［基础知识巩固练］ 维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换 1．He was _ _ _ _ _ _ （shock） to find out he had won the first prize. [答案]shocked 2．The homeless animals on the street are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from hunger and cold, whose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ need more attention.（suffer） [答案]suffering； sufferings 3．People of different ages and genders show _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （affect） in different ways. [答案]affection 4．With knowledge and _ _ _ _ _ _ ， you can make _ _ _ _ choices instead of _ _ _ _ _ _ ones.（wise） [答案]wisdom； wise； unwise 5．The earthquake caused widespread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （destroy）, leaving many homes uninhabitable. [答案]destruction 6．The small village lay in _ _ _ _ （ruin） after the flood, leaving the residents homeless and heartbroken. [答案]ruins 7．The soldier is trying to save the girl _ _ _ _ _ _ （trap） in the burning house. [答案]trapped 8．I was frightened to _ _ _ _ （die） when I saw a big snake in the tree. [答案]death 维度二 固定用法和搭配 1．Don't try to trap me _ _ _ _ making a decision I'm not ready for. [答案]into 2．The region frequently suffers _ _ _ _ drought, leading to water shortages and agricultural losses. [答案]from 3．20 percent of passengers in the car _ _ _ _ （be） injured in yesterday's accident. [答案]were 4．The typhoon did damage _ _ _ _ the area and caused 100 deaths. [答案]to 5．The artist buried himself _ _ _ _ his paintings, creating one masterpiece after another. [答案]in 6．Luckily， the government spares no effort _ _ _ _ _ _ （help） those who are having difficulty in living. [答案]to help 7．Solving this complex math problem is too difficult for me _ _ _ _ （do） without help. [答案]to do 8．The athlete was _ _ _ _ shock when he realized he had broken the world record. [答案]in 9．After the earthquake, the city was left _ _ _ _ ruins，with buildings collapsing（倒塌） everywhere. [答案]in 10．Learning that you have returned to Ireland because you are affected _ _ _ _ a serious illness, I am terribly sorry about it. [答案]with 维度三 完成句子/句型转换 1．男孩们仍站在那里，害怕得不能动弹。（too...to...） The boys were still standing there, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . [答案]too frightened to move 2．他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。（as if...） He stood up and offered her his seat, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . [答案]as if he had read her mind 3．写这本书的作者以其深刻的见解而闻名。（who引导定语从句） The author _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is well-known for his insightful insights. [答案]who wrote this book 4．无论这位冠军走到哪里，她都会受到热烈的欢迎。（everywhere引导地点状语从句） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， she is greeted with a warm welcome. [答案]Everywhere the champion goes 5．He sat at a wooden table and was buried in reading English tales. →He sat at a wooden table, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .（过去分词短语作状语） →He sat at a wooden table, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .（现在分词短语作状语） [答案]buried in reading English tales； burying himself in reading English tales 维度四 融合教材·主题探究 【改编自译林必修三U2】 Pupils' lives spared during Falmont earthquake By Raymond Tran 18 March FALMONT—On 17 March, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county at 2:27 p.m. Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large. Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students' reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground, but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly. The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. Within one minute and twenty seconds, the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground. Soon students from other classes arrived too. After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other. “We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year，” said Miss Brown, “so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.” Girl saves 100 from tsunami By Jessie Cable 21 December NEWDALE—On 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life. A 10-year-old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis. The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair. Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something odd. “The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she later explained.“It wasn't calm and it wasn't going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in.” Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson. It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. Sabrina was frightened, but she soon kept her head. She warned her parents of the danger, though at first they just thought she was joking. However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast. 1．Why were there so few deaths and injuries at Falmont Primary School in the earthquake? A. It was Alice Brown who saved all the students during the earthquake. B. They have practised earthquake safety procedures often and could keep calm to escape the earthquake. C. The students at Falmont Primary School were not afraid of the earthquake. D. The earthquake that happened at this school was less serious than other areas. 2．What was it that made the tourists escape the tsunami on 20 December? A. Sabrina's basic knowledge of tsunamis. B. The tourists' quick action. C. The signs before the tsunami came. D. The officer's quick action. 3．Which word has the meaning similar to the underlined word “odd” in paragraph 2 in the second passage? A. Strange. B. Terrible. C. Significant. D. Magic. 4．If the passages come from a website, from which column can you find them? A. Earthquake research. B. Tsunami research. C. Saving lives. D. Natural disaster. [答案] 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D ［综合能力提升练］ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A It's not quite often when we see architects devoted to creating buildings as more than art, expression, or technological creation. Shigeru Ban is one of the most clever architects who knows how to recognize pressing problems and come up with the best solutions for them. Shigeru Ban is a Japanese architect born in Tokyo in 1957. He founded Shigeru Ban Architects in 1985 and has since then expanded branches from Tokyo to New York and Paris. His career has spanned over various architectural fields from commercial spaces to museums, but his disaster relief （救灾） work shines the most. He set a new standard for socially-aware and emergent （紧急的） architecture and paved the way for teaching the whole world how building skills can help in times of crises. His unique method earned him the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2014, where he was honored for his devotion to designing shelters for disaster-stricken areas. He is highly praised for showing how architecture can be a tool for positive social change, particularly in his attention to using materials and attending to social needs. In a 2017 interview, Shigeru Ban was asked about what guided him towards being involved with disaster relief architecture. His replies detailed that there seemed to be a lack of social responsibility among architects in Japan regarding this matter, so he felt the urge to take action. After the Kobe earthquake in 1995, Ban saw the poor living conditions related to evacuation centers and wanted to make a change with architecture. Following this event, he established the Voluntary Architects' Network （VAN） to provide support to disaster-affected areas worldwide. When asked whether his initiatives were inspired by Japan's continuous risk for earthquakes and volcano eruptions, he explained that his motivation （动力） comes from a desire to improve living conditions for disaster victims rather than Japan's geographic risks. He's a man with a skill for identifying problems and finding solutions. 1．What does the underlined word “expanded” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Organised. B. Enlarged. C. Strengthened. D. Tracked. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The new standard Ban set for architecture. B. The creative use of materials in Ban's design. C. The achievements of Ban's disaster relief work. D. The reasons Ban designed shelters for the homeless. 3．What was Ban's motivation for disaster relief work? A. His skills in dealing with natural disaster. B. His terrible suffering in a natural disaster. C. His concern about Japan's geographic risks. D. His desire to improve the life of those in need. 4．Which of the following can best describe Shigeru Ban? A. Caring and creative. B. Responsible but impolite. C. Selfless but careless. D. Talented and outgoing. [答案] 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A [解析] 1．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“He founded Shigeru Ban Architects...from Tokyo to New York and Paris.”可知，坂茂建筑设计初建于东京，后来在纽约和巴黎建立了分支机构，即他的公司规模变大了，故画线词意为“扩大”。 2．段落大意题。本段主要介绍了坂茂在救灾建筑方面的成就，包括设立新标准、获得普利兹克建筑奖以及受到的高度赞扬，所以本段主要介绍了坂茂在救灾建筑方面的工作成就。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“he explained that his motivation...rather than Japan's geographic risks”可知，坂茂参与救灾工作的动力是改善灾难受害者等有需要的人的生活条件。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In a 2017 interview, Shigeru Ban...felt the urge to take action.”和最后一段中的“He's a man with a skill for identifying problems and finding solutions.”可推知，坂茂是一个有社会责任感、关心社会的人，也是一个善于发现问题并找到解决方案、有创造力的人。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了日本建筑师坂茂的生平事迹，重点强调了他在救灾建筑方面的贡献以及他设立的新标准。 [（2025·长沙长郡中学期中）]B Begun 30 years ago, the Kubuqi desert greening project has succeeded in not only controlling the fast growth of the seventh-largest desert in China, about the size of Kuwait, but also turning about 6,000 square kilometers of the desert—more than one-third of it—green. The desert lies about 800 kilometers to the west of Beijing in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the greening efforts have also controlled desertification （沙漠化） in the rest of the area. The project, which began about 30 years ago, can be seen as an example of efforts to advance green development, in order to create harmony between humans and nature, and leave a better environment for future generations. The success of the project, which has been praised by the UN Environment Programme as an “eco-pioneer”, sets an example for successful desertification control and ecosystem improvement based on effective government policies, supported by investment （投资） in the eco-industry and combined with the efforts of local farmers. These three aspects are the key to the success of the “Kubuqi model”. Elion, a private ecology and investment company, has invested about 38 billion yuan （＄5.82 billion） in the Kubuqi desert greening project since 1988, helping to lift about 102,000 local farmers out of poverty. For example, the locals grow a drought-tolerant （耐旱的） plant, Chinese licorice, which is the most used herb in traditional Chinese medicine. The plant helps enrich the desert soil, with the bacteria around the roots of the plants producing nitrogen （氮气）. Besides, Cistanche, another type of drought-tolerant herb, was introduced after the successful planting of licorice. Under the company's guidance and with the local government's support, the local people benefit from the “environmental wealth”. More companies should be encouraged to apply the “Kubuqi model” to other desert control projects in Inner Mongolia and neighboring Gansu Province, where the climate conditions are similar but not quite the same, so as to further gain experience and enrich the model in practice. Showing it can be successfully applied in other areas will help promote the model worldwide. 5．What do we know about the Kubuqi greening project? A. It increases the areas of desert. B. It has turned all of the desert green. C. It has achieved satisfying results. D. It is applied all over the world. 6．Which is NOT the reason for the success of the “Kubuqi model”? A. Efforts of local farmers. B. Government policies' support. C. Investment in the eco-industry. D. Help from the UN Environment Programme. 7．How does the author develop paragraph 5? A. By following the time order. B. By giving examples. C. By giving a definition （定义）. D. By making comparisons. 8．What is the author's attitude towards the greening project? A. Negative. B. Doubtful. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent. [答案] 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．C [解析] 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the Kubuqi desert greening project has succeeded in not only controlling...green”可知,库布齐沙漠绿化工程取得了令人满意的结果。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,有效的政府政策、生态产业投资和当地农民的努力,是“库布齐模式”成功的关键。联合国环境规划署的帮助不是“库布齐模式”成功的原因。 7．推理判断题。根据第五段中的For example和Besides可知,作者通过举例子来展开第五段内容。 8．观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可推知,作者对这项绿化工程持支持态度。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了库布齐沙漠绿化工程。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [（2025·河北师大附中月考）]When an earthquake hit a small town, many houses fell down. 1 the earthquake, all the newspapers reported many stories about some of the families who were in 2 . One Sunday, when I was 3 a newspaper, a（n） 4 picture touched （触动） me. It gave the clothing sizes of each family member. I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to 5 those who were less lucky than themselves. I said to my seven-year-old twins Brad and Brett and three-year-old Meghan, “We have so much and these poor people now have 6 . We'll share 7 we have with them.” I filled a box 8 foods and clothes. While I was doing this, I encouraged the boys to choose their toys and donate （捐赠） some of their 9 favourite things. Meghan watched 10 as the boys took out their old toys and games and put them together. Then she walked 11 . A few minutes later she came back with Lucy—her much-loved 12 . She put the doll on top of the other toys. “Oh dear,” I said, “you don't have to give Lucy. You love her so much.” Meghan said，“Lucy makes me happy， Mommy. Maybe she'll make 13 little girl happy, too.” I looked at Meghan for a long moment. She taught me a 14 . It's easy to give something that we don't want any more, 15 harder to give what we cherish （珍爱）, isn't it? 1．A. Since B. Before C. Until D. After 2．A. disappointment B. trouble C. despair D. puzzlement 3．A. reading B. sorting C. buying D. searching 4．A. amazing B. unforgettable C. special D. simple 5．A. call B. care C. connect D. help 6．A. nothing B. everything C. something D. anything 7．A. which B. that C. what D. who 8．A. of B. by C. for D. with 9．A. more B. most C. less D. least 10．A. happily B. quietly C. excitedly D. merrily 11．A. in B. out C. away D. on 12．A. toy B. doll C. game D. friend 13．A. the other B. others C. other D. another 14．A. lesson B. class C. reason D. value 15．A. so B. but C. because D. and [答案] 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．B [解析] 1．根据下文“all the newspapers reported many stories about some of the families who were in  ”可知，地震后（after）所有的报纸都报道了许多关于一些陷入困境的家庭的故事。 2．根据上文“When an earthquake hit a small town, many houses fell down.”可知，地震导致许多房屋倒塌了，所以是许多家庭陷入困境（trouble）。 3．根据下文“a newspaper, a（n）   picture touched me”可知，应是作者在看（read）报纸，所以才会有一幅图片打动了她。 4．根据下文“It gave the clothing sizes of each family member.”可知，图片给出了每个家庭成员的衣服尺寸，所以是特别的（special）。 5．根据上文“all the newspapers reported many stories about some of the families who were in  ”可知，许多家庭陷入困境，所以作者认为这是一次教会孩子去帮助（help）那些没有他们幸运的人的机会。 6．根据上文“When an earthquake hit a small town, many houses fell down.”可知，这些可怜的人的房子倒塌了，所以他们什么都没有（nothing）了。 7．根据语境可知，“我们”会和他们分享“我们”拥有的东西（what）。 8．根据语境可知，作者用食物和衣服装满了一个箱子。fill...with...为固定搭配，意为“用……填满……”。 9．根据下文“as the boys took out their old toys and games and put them together”可知，孩子们捐赠的是旧玩具和游戏，所以应是他们不太（less）喜欢的东西。 10．根据下文“Then she walked  .”可知，梅根看了一会就走开（away）了，所以应是静静地（quietly）看着男孩们。 11．参见上题解析。 12．根据下文“She put the doll on top of the other toys.”可知，梅根带着她心爱的玩偶（doll）回来了。 13．根据上文“Lucy makes me happy, Mommy.”并结合选项可知，此处表达“露西让我开心，妈妈。也许她也会让另一个（another）小女孩快乐”之意。 14．根据下文“It's easy to give something...isn't it?”可知，梅根的做法让作者明白“给予我们不再想要的东西很容易，但给予我们珍惜的东西却很难”，所以是给她上了一课（lesson）。 15．根据语境可知，此处是转折关系，应用but连接。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者组织孩子们为地震灾民捐赠东西，女儿梅根捐出了自己心爱的玩偶露西的故事。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Due to the improvement of ecological and environmental 1.   （protect） in recent years, the western part of Northeast China's Jilin Province has seen 2.   （many） rare migratory birds than other places, searching for food in spring and autumn. With 3.   （it） favorable geographical location and wetlands, Jilin is 4.   important stop for migratory waterfowl, including large numbers of rare species, such as white cranes （鹤）, red-crowned cranes, white storks and Chinese mergansers （秋沙鸭）. Western Jilin 5.   （focus） on water management and started major projects such as river and lake connectivity in the past decade to improve the ecological conditions. 6.   （locate） on the border of Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces and the Inner Mongolia（蒙古） Autonomous Region, the Momoge National Nature Reserve in the city of Baicheng has rich natural 7.   （resource） and is a key habitat 8.   migratory birds in China settle. It is one of the nine major global bird migration routes, 9.   more than 5 million migratory birds passing through every year. The number of white cranes 10.   （stop） in the reserve in spring and autumn has risen to around 3,500, with a resting period of about 100 days every year. [答案] 1．protection 2．more 3．its 4．an 5．has focused 6．Located 7．resources 8．where 9．with 10．stopping [解析] 1．考查名词。分析句子结构可知,空处应用名词作宾语。 2．考查形容词比较级。空后有提示词than,空处应用比较级。 3．考查代词。空处应用形容词性物主代词作定语,修饰location and wetlands。 4．考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,此处表示泛指。important的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。 5．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语，根据in the past decade可知,句子时态应用现在完成时；主语Western Jilin为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 6．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语，动词locate和主语the Momoge National Nature Reserve之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词形式作状语；且单词位于句首，首字母应大写。 7．考查名词复数。resource是可数名词,空处应用复数,作宾语。 8．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词habitat,在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。 9．考查with复合结构。分析句子结构可知,空处应用介词with,构成with复合结构:with+名词+doing,作伴随状语。 10．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语，动词stop与主语white cranes之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式,作后置定语。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来,由于生态环境保护的改善,中国东北吉林省西部地区出现了比其他地方更多的珍稀候鸟,在春季和秋季觅食。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $