专题02 短语（名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语）（期末复习讲义）高一英语上学期人教版

该高中英语期末复习讲义结合近三年高考真题考情分析定位短语高频考点，通过分类表格系统梳理名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语的定义、构成类型及句法功能，清晰呈现限定词+名词、副词+形容词等核心结构，突出短语在长难句分析、语境词汇选用中的重难点联系。 讲义亮点在于分层递进的练习设计与结构化方法指导，如语境运用题“完成句子”（如“一所美丽的学校”）强化基础，完形填空（改编自2023年新高考II卷真题）提升语篇运用能力，解题技巧表格归纳短语构成类型辅助快速识别。这一设计既帮助基础薄弱学生巩固结构知识，又助力优秀学生深化语境运用，有效提升语言能力与思维品质，为教师实施精准分层教学提供支撑。

专题02 短语（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 北京卷 名词短语 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考语篇理解的核心是快速、准确地处理复杂信息，而长难句的难点常在于找准核心名词短语；完形填空考察在具体语境中准确选用词汇的能力，而这与短语结构密不可分；在语法填空更是直接、系统地考察语法知识，此中短语结构是高频考点；写作时语言输出能力的终极体现，短语的运用水平直接决定文章的档次。 【复习目标】 1. 掌握名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语的定义、功能和构成。 2. 强化对短语的识别能力，提升效率。 3. 融会贯通，在各大题型中化输入为输出。 新高考I卷 副词短语 新高考II卷 形容词短语；名词短语 浙江卷 名词短语 2024 新高考I卷 名词 新高考II卷 名词 全国甲卷 形容词短语 2023 新高考I卷 形容词短语 新高考II卷 名词短语；副词短语 浙江卷 名词短语 全国乙卷 形容词短语 短语 短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。根据中心词不同的词性，又可分为名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语。 知识点01 名词短语 1.定义: 指以一个名词为中心构成的短语, 在句中的功能相当于名词。 The boy in the car is my little brother. 车里的那个男孩是我的小弟弟。 2.构成: 名词短语由名词与它的修饰语一起构成。 名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系：一是修饰语放在被修饰名词的前面，叫作前置定语；二是修饰语放在被修饰名词的后面，叫作后置定语。具体形式如下所示。 句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。主语通常位于句子前面(部分)，常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句充当。 限定词+名词 the boy、two clubs 限定词+形容词(短语)+名词 a beautiful girl、some interesting books 限定词+动名词+名词 the reading room 限定词+描述性名词+名词 our school life、the train station 限定词+形容词+名词+介词短语 the tall building near the river 限定词+名词+不定式短语 the meeting to be held 限定词+名词+分词短语 the boy wearing blue jeans 限定词+名词+定语从句 the people I met there 限定词包括以下几类: 3.功能：在句中当作名词用，一般作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。 These red roses are for you.(作主语) 这些红玫瑰是给你的。 As for me,English is my favorite subject.(作表语) 对我来说,英语是我最喜欢的科目。 You may ask your English teacher for help.(作宾语) 你可以向你的英语老师寻求帮助。 We call him a great teacher.(作宾语补足语) 我们称他为伟大的教师。 名词短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与名词短语中的中心词保持一致。 A number of books are on the desk. 许多书在桌子上。 The number of books is not large. 书的数量并不多。 知识点02 形容词短语 1.定义：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。 I feel extremely satisfied with what I’ve achieved. 我对我所取得的成就感到非常满意。 2.构成：形容词短语由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成。具体形式如下所示。 副词+形容词 very suitable 形容词+enough good enough 形容词+介词短语 full of water 副词+形容词+介词短语 well worthy of praise 形容词+并列连词+形容词 rich and strong 3.功能:在句中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。 They can go boating and diving in lakes or seas,which is extremely exciting.(表语) 他们可以去湖泊或大海里划船和潜水,这真是太令人兴奋了。 I find our texts very difficult for me to remember.(宾语补足语) 我发现我们的课文对我来说很难记住。 知识点03 副词短语 1.定义：以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词。 The party last night went pretty well.Everyone had a great time dancing and chatting. 昨晚的派对进行得相当不错。每个人都尽情地跳舞、聊天。 2.构成：副词短语由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成。具体形式如下所示。 副词+副词 quite well、very quickly 副词+enough clearly enough 副词+并列连词+副词 again and again、faster and faster 3.功能：在句中当作副词用,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。 They do quite well in working in groups.(修饰动词) 他们在团体合作方面做得很好。 Quite comfortably,they stayed at our apartment for two weeks.(修饰句子) 他们在我们的公寓里舒舒服服地住了两周。 They are much too excited to see their friends again.(修饰形容词) 他们再次见到朋友们太兴奋了。 副词enough在修饰形容词或副词构成形容词短语或副词短语时,一般放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。 【即时检测】 一、[语境运用] 完成句子 1. There is 　　　　　　　　　　　　(一所美丽的学校) at the foot of the hill.  2. Our students can join in 　　　　　　　　　　(一些课外活动) in the spare time.  3. Everyone may feel 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(时间过得很快) when they do something interesting.  4. He went on studying 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(到深夜) yesterday.  二、找出下面语段中的形容词短语 Last week, I had a very important running race on the school sports day. It was so hard for me to keep up with the other runners. I was too ashamed to tell my dad about my poor performance in the race, fearing that he would be really disappointed in me. Anyway, he knew I had given it my all and inspired me to train much harder next time. 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 名词短语由名词与它的修饰语一起构成。 限定词+名词 the boy、two clubs 限定词+形容词(短语)+名词 a beautiful girl、some interesting books 限定词+动名词+名词 the reading room 限定词+描述性名词+名词 our school life、the train station 限定词+形容词+名词+介词短语 the tall building near the river 限定词+名词+不定式短语 the meeting to be held 限定词+名词+分词短语 the boy wearing blue jeans 限定词+名词+定语从句 the people I met there 2. 形容词短语一般由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成。 副词+形容词 very suitable 形容词+enough good enough 形容词+介词短语 full of water 副词+形容词+介词短语 well worthy of praise 形容词+并列连词+形容词 rich and strong 3. 副词短语由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成。具体形式如下所示。 副词+副词 quite well、very quickly 副词+enough clearly enough 副词+并列连词+副词 again and again、faster and faster 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Now, at age 20, I have a good job and a nice house, and I’m really ________ the independence I’ve achieved. A．proud of B．sick of C．curious about D．worried about 2．We should ______ every opportunity to practice English both inside and outside the classroom. A．make the most of B．be aware of C．have trouble in D．be short for 3．According to the rules of the company, those who are ________ the great loss of money will be fired. A．aware of B．qualified for C．concerned about D．responsible for 4．She is addicted to watching videos online. A．is tired of B．is afraid of C．is good at D．is crazy about 5．Many people argue that reading e-books can never be ________ the experience of holding a printed book. A．inferior to B．superior to C．prior to D．senior to 6．Now more and more people are ______ the danger of drinking alcohol. A．tired of B．fond of C．aware of D．proud of 7．It is not ________ for teenagers of your generation to ________ computer games and the online world. A．extraordinary; be devoted to B．formal; be addicted to C．positive; be responsible for D．unusual; be attracted to 8．As teenagers who ______ knowledge, we should learn from both books and practical experiences (实践经历). Just as a saying goes, “Read ten thousand books and travel ten thousand miles.” A．are sure about B．are thirsty for C．are full of 9．Tom has been wearing a ________ these days because he failed an important exam. A．practical joke B．long face C．laughing stock D．banana skin 10．Don’t be too strict with him—_________, he’s just a 6-year-old kid. A．After all B．In all C．Above all D．At all 11．________ the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place. A．Provided that B．So that C．Given that D．In order that 12．As autumn comes, our classrooms feel cooler and cooler, ________. A．one by one B．room by room C．day by day D．side by side 13．I agree with your proposal to a certain extent, but more data is needed. A．to a degree B．to sum up C．to be honest D．to the point 14．Everyone likes Tom because he has a great sense of humor. A．serious personality B．funny nature C．strong memory D．kind heart 15．To understand the difficult math problem, she needed a high level of mental intensity. A．focused attention B．physical strength C．relaxed attitude D．keen interest 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、画出下列各句中的名词/形容词/副词短语并写出其功能 1．All the students are invited to take part in the English speech contest. 2．Most of the little children are naturally curious about everything around them. 3．Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park. 4．I found maths quite easy and enjoyable because the teaching material was less advanced in the UK than in China. 5．It was raining very heavily on the day we moved. 6．The boy entered a shoe store which was big and tidy and bought a pair of shoes. 7．The boy is too young to understand clearly enough what his mother has said. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、完形填空 Growing up in the USA, I always wanted to experience another culture. The 1 came when I was 15. After a few months of planning and 2 , I was ready to spend the second semester of my first high school year as a(n) 3 student in Australia. 4 in Perth was one of the most exciting moments of my life. I realized then that there was no turning back. The family I would 5 was waiting for me, and it would only be five days before the new school year. The school I attended was 6 my school back in the United States. I was quite 7 at first, especially never having been to a new school—even in the USA．Everything went without 8 , though. The teachers were welcoming and the students were friendly. The most 9 time was travelling with other exchange students around Australia during our semester break. The few weeks we 10 together were full of amazing activities. At the end of our 11 in Australia, we had three weeks to share our stories and help each other deal with leaving. It was only 12 that our last day together was filled with tears. We packed our camp, 13 e-mail addresses and gathered together for a final goodbye.  Upon coming home, an open mind was again important. Resettling home took time and 14 , but at last I made it. All the while, I was thoughtful to let my family and friends know how happy I was to be home and how much I had missed them—though the experience is still 15 with me. So, if you have the opportunity to study abroad, you most certainly should go. 1．A．task B．dream C．chance D．vacation 2．A．packing B．convincing C．performing D．preparing 3．A．exchange B．freshman C．junior D．senior 4．A．Flying B．Landing C．Working D．Studying 5．A．catch up with B．put up with C．deal with D．live with 6．A．similar to B．different from C．as good as D．the same as 7．A．excited B．annoyed C．worried D．confused 8．A．hope B．doubt C．difficulty D．argument 9．A．valuable B．acceptable C．comfortable D．unforgettable 10．A．spent B．lived C．studied D．worked 11．A．stay B．visit C．trip D．holiday 12．A．funny B．natural C．strange D．simple 13．A．made B．wrote C．shared D．exchanged 14．A．effort B．money C．ability D．wisdom 15．A．sadly B．clearly C．lively D．amazingly 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、单项选择 1.(2024·全国甲卷) They are 　　　　 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产).  2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) It was very 　　　　 (excite) to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.  3.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) After a heated 　　　　 (discuss) that lasted for what seemed like a century,Gunter put his phone down and started the car.  4. (2023·浙江1月卷) Most long-distance trains,especially the sleeping car accommodations,sell out very 　　　　 (quick).  5. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·高考真题） Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. 二、语法填空 （2025·全国二卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 1 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 2 (center) heating doesn’t exist. Nothing in my life before prepared me 3 this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt 4 learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found 5 (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6 (be) one of them.      Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 7 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 9 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 10 (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 短语（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 北京卷 名词短语 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考语篇理解的核心是快速、准确地处理复杂信息，而长难句的难点常在于找准核心名词短语；完形填空考察在具体语境中准确选用词汇的能力，而这与短语结构密不可分；在语法填空更是直接、系统地考察语法知识，此中短语结构是高频考点；写作时语言输出能力的终极体现，短语的运用水平直接决定文章的档次。 【复习目标】 1. 掌握名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语的定义、功能和构成。 2. 强化对短语的识别能力，提升效率。 3. 融会贯通，在各大题型中化输入为输出。 新高考I卷 副词短语 新高考II卷 形容词短语；名词短语 浙江卷 名词短语 2024 新高考I卷 名词 新高考II卷 名词 全国甲卷 形容词短语 2023 新高考I卷 形容词短语 新高考II卷 名词短语；副词短语 浙江卷 名词短语 全国乙卷 形容词短语 短语 短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。根据中心词不同的词性，又可分为名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语。 知识点01 名词短语 1.定义: 指以一个名词为中心构成的短语, 在句中的功能相当于名词。 The boy in the car is my little brother. 车里的那个男孩是我的小弟弟。 2.构成: 名词短语由名词与它的修饰语一起构成。 名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系：一是修饰语放在被修饰名词的前面，叫作前置定语；二是修饰语放在被修饰名词的后面，叫作后置定语。具体形式如下所示。 句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。主语通常位于句子前面(部分)，常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句充当。 限定词+名词 the boy、two clubs 限定词+形容词(短语)+名词 a beautiful girl、some interesting books 限定词+动名词+名词 the reading room 限定词+描述性名词+名词 our school life、the train station 限定词+形容词+名词+介词短语 the tall building near the river 限定词+名词+不定式短语 the meeting to be held 限定词+名词+分词短语 the boy wearing blue jeans 限定词+名词+定语从句 the people I met there 限定词包括以下几类: 3.功能：在句中当作名词用，一般作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。 These red roses are for you.(作主语) 这些红玫瑰是给你的。 As for me,English is my favorite subject.(作表语) 对我来说,英语是我最喜欢的科目。 You may ask your English teacher for help.(作宾语) 你可以向你的英语老师寻求帮助。 We call him a great teacher.(作宾语补足语) 我们称他为伟大的教师。 名词短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与名词短语中的中心词保持一致。 A number of books are on the desk. 许多书在桌子上。 The number of books is not large. 书的数量并不多。 知识点02 形容词短语 1.定义：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。 I feel extremely satisfied with what I’ve achieved. 我对我所取得的成就感到非常满意。 2.构成：形容词短语由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成。具体形式如下所示。 副词+形容词 very suitable 形容词+enough good enough 形容词+介词短语 full of water 副词+形容词+介词短语 well worthy of praise 形容词+并列连词+形容词 rich and strong 3.功能:在句中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。 They can go boating and diving in lakes or seas,which is extremely exciting.(表语) 他们可以去湖泊或大海里划船和潜水,这真是太令人兴奋了。 I find our texts very difficult for me to remember.(宾语补足语) 我发现我们的课文对我来说很难记住。 知识点03 副词短语 1.定义：以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词。 The party last night went pretty well.Everyone had a great time dancing and chatting. 昨晚的派对进行得相当不错。每个人都尽情地跳舞、聊天。 2.构成：副词短语由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成。具体形式如下所示。 副词+副词 quite well、very quickly 副词+enough clearly enough 副词+并列连词+副词 again and again、faster and faster 3.功能：在句中当作副词用,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。 They do quite well in working in groups.(修饰动词) 他们在团体合作方面做得很好。 Quite comfortably,they stayed at our apartment for two weeks.(修饰句子) 他们在我们的公寓里舒舒服服地住了两周。 They are much too excited to see their friends again.(修饰形容词) 他们再次见到朋友们太兴奋了。 副词enough在修饰形容词或副词构成形容词短语或副词短语时,一般放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。 【即时检测】 一、[语境运用] 完成句子 1. There is 　　　　　　　　　　　　(一所美丽的学校) at the foot of the hill.  2. Our students can join in 　　　　　　　　　　(一些课外活动) in the spare time.  3. Everyone may feel 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(时间过得很快) when they do something interesting.  4. He went on studying 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(到深夜) yesterday.  【答案】 1. a beautiful school　2. some after-class activities 3. time go by very quickly　4. deep into the night 二、找出下面语段中的形容词短语 Last week, I had a very important running race on the school sports day. It was so hard for me to keep up with the other runners. I was too ashamed to tell my dad about my poor performance in the race, fearing that he would be really disappointed in me. Anyway, he knew I had given it my all and inspired me to train much harder next time. 【答案】 very important; so hard; too ashamed; really disappointed; much harder 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 名词短语由名词与它的修饰语一起构成。 限定词+名词 the boy、two clubs 限定词+形容词(短语)+名词 a beautiful girl、some interesting books 限定词+动名词+名词 the reading room 限定词+描述性名词+名词 our school life、the train station 限定词+形容词+名词+介词短语 the tall building near the river 限定词+名词+不定式短语 the meeting to be held 限定词+名词+分词短语 the boy wearing blue jeans 限定词+名词+定语从句 the people I met there 2. 形容词短语一般由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成。 副词+形容词 very suitable 形容词+enough good enough 形容词+介词短语 full of water 副词+形容词+介词短语 well worthy of praise 形容词+并列连词+形容词 rich and strong 3. 副词短语由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成。具体形式如下所示。 副词+副词 quite well、very quickly 副词+enough clearly enough 副词+并列连词+副词 again and again、faster and faster 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Now, at age 20, I have a good job and a nice house, and I’m really ________ the independence I’ve achieved. A．proud of B．sick of C．curious about D．worried about 【答案】A 【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：如今，我已20岁了，拥有了一份不错的工作和一套舒适的住所，而且我为自己所取得的独立自主感到非常自豪。A. proud of为……骄傲；B. sick of厌倦；C. curious about对……好奇；D. worried about担心。根据上文“Now, at age 20, I have a good job and a nice house”指为自己所取得的独立自主感到非常自豪。故选A。 2．We should ______ every opportunity to practice English both inside and outside the classroom. A．make the most of B．be aware of C．have trouble in D．be short for 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语和形容词短语辨析。句意：我们应该充分利用每一个机会在课堂内外练习英语。A. make the most of充分利用；B. be aware of意识到；C. have trouble in在……方面有困难；D. be short for是……的简称。根据空后的every opportunity to practice English可知，这里表示充分利用每一个机会练习英语。故选A。 3．According to the rules of the company, those who are ________ the great loss of money will be fired. A．aware of B．qualified for C．concerned about D．responsible for 【答案】D 【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：根据公司的规定，那些对巨额损失负有责任的人将被解雇。A. aware of意识到；B. qualified for有……资格；C. concerned about关心；D. responsible for对……负责。由the great loss of money可知，对巨额损失负有责任的人将被解雇，空格处意为“对……负责”。故选D。 4．She is addicted to watching videos online. A．is tired of B．is afraid of C．is good at D．is crazy about 【答案】D 【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：她沉迷于在网上看视频。A. is tired of厌烦；B. is afraid of害怕，担忧；C. is good at擅长；D. is crazy about对……疯狂。形容词短语is addicted to意为“沉溺于，对……上瘾”，表示对某种活动、物品或物质有强烈的依赖和无法自拔的欲望，与is crazy about“对……疯狂”的意思相近。故选D。 5．Many people argue that reading e-books can never be ________ the experience of holding a printed book. A．inferior to B．superior to C．prior to D．senior to 【答案】B 【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：许多人认为，阅读电子书永远无法优于手持纸质书的体验。A. inferior to不如……；B. superior to优于……；C. prior to在……之前；D. senior to比……年长/资深。根据can never be及语境可知，此处是指电子书体验没法比纸质书体验更好，即永远无法“优于”。故选B项。 6．Now more and more people are ______ the danger of drinking alcohol. A．tired of B．fond of C．aware of D．proud of 【答案】C 【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：现在越来越多的人意识到喝酒的危险。A. tired of厌烦；B. fond of喜欢；C. aware of意识到；D. proud of为……感到骄傲。根据“the danger of drinking alcohol(喝酒的危险)”可知，此处表达人们意识到喝酒的危险，aware of符合语境，故选C项。 7．It is not ________ for teenagers of your generation to ________ computer games and the online world. A．extraordinary; be devoted to B．formal; be addicted to C．positive; be responsible for D．unusual; be attracted to 【答案】D 【详解】考查形容词和动词/形容词短语辨析。句意：对你们这一代的青少年来说，被电脑游戏和网络世界吸引是很常见的。A. extraordinary非凡的；be devoted to致力于；B. formal正式的；be addicted to对……上瘾；C. positive积极的；be responsible for对……负责；D. unusual不寻常的；be attracted to被……吸引。结合生活常识可知，青少年受到电脑游戏和网络世界吸引或者着迷上瘾是比较常见的情况，not unusual双重否定表肯定，意为“常见的，并不罕见”，be attracted to意为“被……吸引”。故选D项。 8．As teenagers who ______ knowledge, we should learn from both books and practical experiences (实践经历). Just as a saying goes, “Read ten thousand books and travel ten thousand miles.” A．are sure about B．are thirsty for C．are full of 【答案】B 【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：作为渴望知识的青少年，我们应该既从书本中学习，也从实践经历中学习。正如一句谚语所说：“读万卷书，行万里路。”A. are sure about 确信；对……有把握；B. are thirsty for渴望；渴求；C. are full of充满……。由句意可知，句子强调青少年需要从书本和实践中获取知识，结合常识，青少年处于学习成长阶段，对知识的态度应是“渴望”，符合语境。故选B项。 9．Tom has been wearing a ________ these days because he failed an important exam. A．practical joke B．long face C．laughing stock D．banana skin 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：汤姆这些天一直愁眉苦脸，因为他一次重要的考试没及格。A. practical joke恶作剧；B. long face愁眉苦脸；C. laughing stock笑柄；D. banana skin尴尬事。结合“because he failed an important exam”可知，考试没及格，所以应该是“愁眉苦脸”，用long face。故选B。 10．Don’t be too strict with him—_________, he’s just a 6-year-old kid. A．After all B．In all C．Above all D．At all 【答案】A 【详解】考查短语辨析。 句意：别对他太严格了——毕竟，他只是个6岁的孩子。A. After all毕竟；B. In all总共，总计；C. Above all首先最重要的是；D. At all根本；究竟。根据he’s just a 6-year-old kid可知，毕竟，他只是个6岁的孩子。故选A项。 11．________ the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place. A．Provided that B．So that C．Given that D．In order that 【答案】C 【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：鉴于世博会的主题是促进丝绸之路沿线国家的文化交流和加强相互合作，敦煌是理想之地。A. Provided that倘若、假如；B. So that以便、为了；C. Given that鉴于、考虑到；D. In order that为了。由语意可知，“世博会主题是促进丝路国家文化交流与合作”是“敦煌成为理想举办地”的前提和原因，Given that引导原因状语从句，符合语境，引出既定事实作为依据。故选C项。 12．As autumn comes, our classrooms feel cooler and cooler, ________. A．one by one B．room by room C．day by day D．side by side 【答案】C 【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：随着秋天的到来，我们的教室一天比一天凉爽。A. one by one一个接一个；B. room by room一个房间接一个房间；C. day by day一天接一天；D. side by side肩并肩。根据“our classrooms feel cooler and cooler”可知，此处指天气一天一天变得凉爽，day by day“一天接一天”符合天气的渐变过程。故选C。 13．I agree with your proposal to a certain extent, but more data is needed. A．to a degree B．to sum up C．to be honest D．to the point 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我在一定程度上同意你的提议，但需要更多的数据。A. to a degree在一定程度上；B. to sum up总结起来；C. to be honest老实说；D. to the point切中要害地。根据后文“but more data is needed.”可知，对于该提议需要更多的数据 ，表示只是部分同意，划线短语“to a certain extent”表示“在一定程度上”与A选项意思相近。故选A项。 14．Everyone likes Tom because he has a great sense of humor. A．serious personality B．funny nature C．strong memory D．kind heart 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：每个人都喜欢汤姆，因为他很有幽默感。A. serious personality严肃的性格；B. funny nature风趣的天性；C. strong memory好记性；D. kind heart善良的心。“a great sense of humor”意为“很强的幽默感”，核心是“风趣、搞笑”的特质。B项“funny nature”中“funny”（风趣的、滑稽的）与“幽默感”所体现的特质完全匹配，能准确解释汤姆受大家喜欢的原因，符合“因风趣而受欢迎”的语境逻辑。故选B项。 15．To understand the difficult math problem, she needed a high level of mental intensity. A．focused attention B．physical strength C．relaxed attitude D．keen interest 【答案】A 【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：要理解这道复杂的数学题，她需要高度集中的精神状态。A. focused attention集中注意；B. physical strength体力；C. relaxed attitude放松的态度；D. keen interest浓厚兴趣。根据句意可知，划线部分“心理强度：指个体在面对任务或挑战时，所展现出的精神投入和专注程度”与A选项意思最为接近。故选A。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、画出下列各句中的名词/形容词/副词短语并写出其功能 1．All the students are invited to take part in the English speech contest. 【答案】All the students are invited to take part in the English speech contest. NP（主语）                            NP（宾语） 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：所有的学生都被邀请参加英语演讲比赛。分析句子结构可知，“All the students”是名词短语，作主语；“the English speech contest”是名词短语，作宾语。故答案为All the students (NP（主语）)，the English speech contest (NP（宾语）)。 2．Most of the little children are naturally curious about everything around them. 【答案】Most of the little children are naturally curious about everything around them. NP（主语）                   AdjP（表语） 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：大多数小孩子天生对周围的一切都好奇。分析句子结构可知，“Most of the little children”是名词短语，作主语；由系动词可知，“naturally curious about everything around them”是形容词短语，作表语。故答案为Most of the little children(NP（主语）)，naturally curious about everything around them(AdjP（表语）)。 3．Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park. 【答案】Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park. AdjP（状语）                NP（宾语） NP（宾语） 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：无论晴雨，他六点钟起床，到公园里散步。分析句子结构可知，“Wet or fine”是形容词短语，作状语；“a walk”是名词短语，作宾语；“the park”是名词短语，作宾语。故答案为Wet or fine(AdjP（状语）)，a walk(NP（宾语）)，the park(NP（宾语）)。 4．I found maths quite easy and enjoyable because the teaching material was less advanced in the UK than in China. 【答案】I found maths quite easy and enjoyable because the teaching material was less advanced in the UK than in China. AdjP（宾补）         NP（主语）          AdjP（表语） 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：我发现数学非常简单和有趣，因为英国的教材没有中国先进。分析句子结构可知，“quite easy and enjoyable”是形容词短语，作宾语补足语；“the teaching material”是名词短语，作主语；由系动词可知，“less advanced”是形容词短语，作表语。故答案为quite easy and enjoyable(AdjP（宾补） )，the teaching material( NP（主语）)，less advanced(AdjP（表语）)。 5．It was raining very heavily on the day we moved. 【答案】It was raining very heavily on the day we moved. AdvP（修饰动词was raining）   NP（宾语） 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：我们搬家的那天雨下得很大。分析句子结构可知，“very heavily”是副词短语，作状语，修饰was raining；“the day we moved”是名词短语，作宾语。故答案为very heavily(AdvP（修饰动词was raining）)，the day we moved(NP（宾语）)。 6．The boy entered a shoe store which was big and tidy and bought a pair of shoes. 【答案】The boy entered a shoe store which was big and tidy and bought a pair of shoes. NP（主语）   NP（宾语）     AdjP（表语）           NP（宾语） 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：男孩走进一家又大又整洁的鞋店，买了一双鞋。分析句子结构可知，“The boy”是名词短语，作主语；“a shoe store”是名词短语，作宾语；由系动词可知，“big and tidy”是形容词短语，作表语；“a pair of shoes”是名词短语，作宾语。故答案为The boy(NP（主语）)，a shoe store(NP（宾语）)，big and tidy(AdjP（表语）)，a pair of shoes(NP（宾语）)。 7．The boy is too young to understand clearly enough what his mother has said. 【答案】The boy is too young to understand clearly enough what his mother has said. NP（主语） AdjP（表语）  AdvP（修饰动词understand） NP（主语） 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：这个男孩太小，听不懂他妈妈说的话。分析句子结构可知，“The boy”是名词短语，作主语；由系动词可知，“too young”是形容词短语，作表语；“clearly enough”是副词短语，作状语，修饰动词understand；“his mother”是名词短语，作what引导的宾语从句中的主语。故答案为The boy(NP（主语）)，too young(AdjP（表语）)，clearly enough(AdvP（修饰动词understand）)，his mother(NP（主语）)。 8．Mr Smith, the head teacher of our school, is to attend a meeting to be held next Friday. 【答案】Mr Smith, the head teacher of our school, is to attend a meeting to be held next Friday. NP（同位语）                  NP（宾语） 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：我们学校的校长史密斯先生将出席下星期五举行的一个会议。分析句子结构可知，“the head teacher of our school”是名词短语，作Mr Smith的同位语；“a meeting to be held next Friday”是名词短语，作宾语。故答案为the head teacher of our school(NP（同位语）)，a meeting to be held next Friday(NP（宾语）)。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、完形填空 Growing up in the USA, I always wanted to experience another culture. The 1 came when I was 15. After a few months of planning and 2 , I was ready to spend the second semester of my first high school year as a(n) 3 student in Australia. 4 in Perth was one of the most exciting moments of my life. I realized then that there was no turning back. The family I would 5 was waiting for me, and it would only be five days before the new school year. The school I attended was 6 my school back in the United States. I was quite 7 at first, especially never having been to a new school—even in the USA．Everything went without 8 , though. The teachers were welcoming and the students were friendly. The most 9 time was travelling with other exchange students around Australia during our semester break. The few weeks we 10 together were full of amazing activities. At the end of our 11 in Australia, we had three weeks to share our stories and help each other deal with leaving. It was only 12 that our last day together was filled with tears. We packed our camp, 13 e-mail addresses and gathered together for a final goodbye.  Upon coming home, an open mind was again important. Resettling home took time and 14 , but at last I made it. All the while, I was thoughtful to let my family and friends know how happy I was to be home and how much I had missed them—though the experience is still 15 with me. So, if you have the opportunity to study abroad, you most certainly should go. 1．A．task B．dream C．chance D．vacation 2．A．packing B．convincing C．performing D．preparing 3．A．exchange B．freshman C．junior D．senior 4．A．Flying B．Landing C．Working D．Studying 5．A．catch up with B．put up with C．deal with D．live with 6．A．similar to B．different from C．as good as D．the same as 7．A．excited B．annoyed C．worried D．confused 8．A．hope B．doubt C．difficulty D．argument 9．A．valuable B．acceptable C．comfortable D．unforgettable 10．A．spent B．lived C．studied D．worked 11．A．stay B．visit C．trip D．holiday 12．A．funny B．natural C．strange D．simple 13．A．made B．wrote C．shared D．exchanged 14．A．effort B．money C．ability D．wisdom 15．A．sadly B．clearly C．lively D．amazingly 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在澳洲一段印象深刻而又难忘的交换生经历。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我15岁的时候，机会来了。A. task任务；B. dream梦想；C. chance机会；D. vacation假期。根据上文中的“I always wanted to experience another culture.”可知，作者一直想要体验另一种文化，结合下文中的“I was ready to spend the second semester of my first high school year”可知，后来作者去加拿大度过高中一年级的下学期，由此可知，此处指的是作者的“机会”来了。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过几个月的计划和准备，我已经准备好了作为交换生在澳大利亚度过高中第一学年的第二学期。A. packing打包；B. convincing说服；C. performing表演，做；D. preparing准备。根据下文中的“I was ready to spend the second semester of my first high school year as a(n) ___3___ student in Australia.”可知，因为已经准备好了在澳大利亚度过高中第一学年的第二学期，由此可知，这是经过几个月的计划和“准备”得到的结果。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几个月的计划和准备，我已经准备好了作为交换生在澳大利亚度过高中第一学年的第二学期。A. exchange交换；B. freshman大一新生；C. junior初中生；D. senior高中学生。根据上文中的“Growing up in the USA, I always wanted to experience another culture.”可知，作者成长在美国，总想去体验另外一种文化，结合“I was ready to spend the second semester of my first high school year”可知，作者要在澳大利亚度过高中第一学年的第二学期，由此可推断，此处指的是作者作为“交换生”的身份去澳大利亚。故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在珀斯着陆是我一生中最激动人心的时刻之一。A. Flying飞行；B. Landing着陆；C. Working工作；D. Studying学习。根据下文中的“I realized then that there was no turning back.”可知，那时作者意识到没有返回的可能了，结合下文中的“in Perth”可知，此处指的是作者在澳洲的珀斯“着陆”符合语境。故选B项。 5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我要住的那个家庭正在等着我，离新学年只有五天了。A. catch up with赶上；B. put up with忍受；C. deal with处理；D. live with与……一起生活。根据常识和上文中的“The family”以及下文中的“was waiting for me”可知，此处指的是作者寄宿的家庭正在等着作者，由此可知，此处应为“与……一起生活”符合句意。故选D项。 6．考查固定短语辨析。句意：我上的学校和我在美国的学校不一样。A. similar to与……相似；B. different from与……不同；C. as good as和……一样好；D. the same as与……相同。根据下文中的“I was quite ___7___ at first, especially never having been to a new school — even in the USA.”可知，作者从没有到过一所新的学校，作者现在在澳洲新学校，结合常识可知，澳洲学校与美国学校不一样。故选B项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始我很担心，尤其是从来没有到过一所新学校，即使是在美国。A. excited兴奋的；B. annoyed生气的；C. worried担心的；D. confused困惑的。根据下文中的“especially never having been to a new school—even in the USA.”可知，因为作者从未去过新学校，所以一开始作者很“担心”符合语境。故选C项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，一切都很顺利，没有困难。A. hope希望；B. doubt怀疑；C. difficulties困难；D. argument争论。根据下文中的though和“The teachers were welcoming and the students were friendly.”可知，那里的老师和学生都很友好，一切进展顺利，所以此处应为没有“困难”符合语境。故选C项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最难忘的一段时光是在假期和其他交换生一起环游澳大利亚。A. valuable珍贵的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. comfortable舒服的；D. unforgettable难忘的。根据下文中的“travelling with other exchange students around Australia during our semester break.”以及“The few weeks we ___10___ together were full of amazing activities.”可知，因为和其他交换生一起环游澳洲有很多令人惊讶的活动，由此可知，这段时刻让作者“难忘的”符合语境。故选D项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们一起度过的几个星期充满了令人惊奇的活动。A. spent度过；B. lived居住；C. studied学习，研究；D. worked工作。根据上文中的“The most ___9___ time was travelling with other exchange students around Australia during our semester break.”可知，作者和其他交换生一起环游澳大利亚，所以此处指他们一起“度过”的几个星期。故选A项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在澳大利亚停留的最后阶段，我们有三个星期的时间来分享我们的故事，并互相帮助处理离开的问题。A. stay停留；B. visit参观；C. trip旅途；D. holiday假期。根据下文中的“we had three weeks to share our stories and help each other deal with leaving.”可知，作者他们有三周的时间分享他们的故事和帮助彼此处理离开的问题，由此可知，此处指他们在澳洲“停留”的最后阶段。故选A项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们在一起的最后一天泪流满面，这是很自然的。A. funny搞笑的；B. natural自然的；C. strange奇怪的；D. simple简单的。根据常识和下文中的“that our last day together was filled with tears.”可知，作者他们要分别了，哭泣的是发生是很“自然的”符合语境。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们收拾好宿舍，交换电子邮件地址，聚在一起做最后的告别。A. made制作；B. wrote写；C. shared分享；D. exchanged交换。根据上文中的“We packed our camp”以及下文中的“and gathered together for a final goodbye.”可知，作者他们收拾好宿舍，做最后的告别，由此可知，作者要离别了，所以大家都在交换“电子邮件”符合语境。故选D项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：重新安定下来需要时间和努力，但最后我做到了。A. effort努力；B. money金钱；C. ability能力；D. wisdom智慧。根据常识和上文中的“Resettling home took time”以及下文中的“but at last I made it.”可知，虽然重新安定下来，需要一定时间和“努力”，但是作者做到了。故选A项。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一直以来，我都在考虑让我的家人和朋友知道我在家有多开心，我有多想念他们，尽管我仍然清楚地记得这段经历。A. sadly悲伤地；B. clearly清楚地；C. lively活跃地；D. amazingly令人惊讶地。根据上文中的“I was thoughtful to let my family and friends know how happy I was to be home and how much I had missed them”可知，作者想让家人知道与他们在一起有多开心，有多想念他们，结合空前的though可知，此处与上文中的内容为转折关系，由此可知，作者对这段留学经历印象深刻，记忆犹新，所以此处使用“清楚地”符合语境。故选B项。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、单项选择 1.(2024·全国甲卷) They are 　　　　 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产).  【答案】 treasures 【解析】 考查名词短语。由主语they可知,应用名词复数形式,故填treasures。 2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) It was very 　　　　 (excite) to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.  【答案】 exciting 【解析】 考查形容词短语。此处用形容词短语说明主语的特征,故用exciting。 3.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) After a heated 　　　　 (discuss) that lasted for what seemed like a century,Gunter put his phone down and started the car.  【答案】 discussion 【解析】 考查名词短语。“After”是介词,后接名词作宾语,名词短语前有不定冠词a修饰,故用单数形式discussion。 4. (2023·浙江1月卷) Most long-distance trains,especially the sleeping car accommodations,sell out very 　　　　 (quick).  【答案】 quickly 【解析】 考查副词短语。“sell out”是动词短语,要用副词修饰,说明卖完的速度。 5. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·高考真题） Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. 【答案】 tasty 【解析】 考查形容词短语。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填。 二、语法填空 （2025·全国二卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 1 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 2 (center) heating doesn’t exist. Nothing in my life before prepared me 3 this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt 4 learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found 5 (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6 (be) one of them.      Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 7 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 9 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 10 (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】 1．where 2．central 3．for 4．and 5．myself 6．is 7．to discover 8．absence 9．afternoons 10．left 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从美国到中国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。 1．考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2．考查形容词短语。句意同上。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填central。 3．考查介词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为这一切做好准备——可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for...“使某人为……做好准备”，固定搭配。故填for。 4．考查连词。句意：但令人惊讶的是，你是如何适应并在新环境中学习的。adapt和learn是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 5．考查反身代词。句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I，表示“我自己”，应用反身代词myself。故填myself。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。 8．考查名词短语。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。 9．考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $