Unit 7 Grammar-Integration 知识点+练习 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦双宾语（S+V+O+O）、宾补（S+V+O+C）句型及并列连词（and/but/or/so）等核心语法，通过“默写巩固”模块复习旧词汇（如topic, system），衔接新词汇（如environment-friendly, balanced），搭建从词汇积累到句型运用的学习支架。 资料以环境保护为主题语境，设计分层训练（基础默写-语法辨析-真题演练-提优拓展），既强化语言能力（词汇转换、句型应用），又通过“问题链”（如湿地保护措施）培养思维品质，引导学生主动探究，助力提升学习能力与环保意识。

(默写巩固) Grammar 一、默写下列词汇或汉语意思。 1.topic n. .2.system n. .3.damage vt. .4.wildlife n. . 5.充满噪声的;吵闹的 adj. 噪声 n. . 6.使发生,造成,导致 vt. 导致某人做某事(短语) 二、默写下列短语。 1.全年 2.相当多,不少 3.为……提供…… 三、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(每空一词) 1.太阳为海洋动物提供光和热。 The sun _ light and heat _ ocean animals. 2.鸟妈妈保护鸟蛋的安全。 The mother bird _ the eggs _. 3.沙漠是动物难以生存的地方。 Deserts are difficult places _ _ _ _. 4.由于人类的各种活动,海水正变得越来越脏,这导致珊瑚慢慢死亡。 The ocean water is _ _ _ _ different human activities, and this causes corals _ _ slowly. 5.海洋正变得越来越暖,对珊瑚礁来说可能不是一个友好的环境。 The ocean is _ _, and it _ _ _ a friendly environment for coral reefs. 6.他们正在很努力地寻找拯救它们(珊瑚礁)的方法。 They are working _ hard _ _ _ _ save them. Integration-Further study 一、默写下列词汇或汉语意思。 1.东北;东北方的;向东北方 n., adj. & adv. 2.rare adj. 3.red - crowned crane n. 4.daytime n. 5.mud n. 6.停留,逗留 n. 7.知识 n. 8.wastewater n. 9.躲避处;罩子 n. 10.environment - friendly adj. 11.balanced adj. 12.environmental adj. 13.造成(后果)vi. 导致(短语) 14.创建,创造 vt. 创造者 n. 15.先生 n. 女士(对应词)n. 16.杀死 vt. & vi. 杀手 n. 消磨时间(短语) 17.解决;解答 vt. 解决问题(短语) 二、默写下列短语。 1 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.给……带来麻烦 2.建立 3.鼓励某人做 4.数百万吨…… 5.清理 6.寻求帮助 7.许多种…… 8.塑料垃圾 三、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(每空一词) 1.许多鸟类常年生活在扎龙,而有些鸟类只是去那里作短暂停留。 Many birds live in Zhalong all year round, _ _ _ _ _ _ a short stay. 2.如果渔民继续在那里捕鱼,鸟儿们将没有足够的食物吃。 _ fishermen keep fishing there, the birds _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 3.丹尼尔,我们能为帮助保护森林做些什么呢? What can we do _ _ _ forests, Daniel? 4.而且也许我们可以在外出就餐时带上自己的筷子。 And maybe we can take our own chopsticks _ _ _. 5.你说得对!_ _ _! Grammar 【知识梳理1】基本句型 一、双宾语及句型(S+V+O+O) 部分及物动词后可接两个宾语:指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,构成 “主谓双宾” 句型。间接宾语可转换为 “to/for + 间接宾语” 结构,具体用 to 还是 for 取决于动词。 动词类型 句型结构 转换形式 示例 接 to 的动词(表 “给予”) 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语 He gave me a gift. = He gave a gift to me. 接 for 的动词(表 “为了”) 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 动词 + 直接宾语 + for + 间接宾语 I bought her a book. = I bought a book for her. Mom made me a cake. = Mom made a cake for me. 注意事项 1. to 与 for 的固定搭配:接 to 的动词多表 “传递”(如 give, teach, show);接 for 的动词多表 “制作、购买”(如 buy, make, cook),不可混用(如错误:He bought a pen to me. 正确:He bought a pen for me.) 2. 间接宾语为代词时:通常保留双宾语结构,不转换(如方便:She passed him the salt. 不便:She passed the salt to him.) 二、宾语补足语及句型(S+V+O+C) 宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的状态或动作,构成 “主谓宾补” 句型,可由形容词、名词、动词 - ing 形式、不定式等充当。 宾补类型 示例 形容词作宾补 We keep the room clean.(我们保持房间干净。) 名词作宾补 They call him Tom.(他们叫他汤姆。) 动词 - ing 形式作宾补 I saw her dancing.(我看见她在跳舞。) 过去分词作宾补 We had the car repaired.(我们找人修了车。) 不定式作宾补 He asked me to wait.(他让我等。) (注:部分动词后不定式省略 to,如 let, make) 注意事项 1. 宾语与宾补的逻辑关系:宾补是宾语的状态或动作(如 “her” 是 “dancing” 的发出者,“car” 是 “repaired” 的承受者)。 2. 感官动词的宾补:see, watch 等感官动词后接动词 - ing 表 “动作正在进行”,接不带 to 的不定式表 “动作全过程”(如 I saw her cross the road.(我看见她过马路了。 全过程) vs. I saw her crossing the road.(我看见她正在过马路。 进行中))。 【知识梳理2】并列连词(and, but, or, so) 并列连词用于连接单词、短语或句子,表达并列、转折、选择或因果关系。 连词 含义 示例 and 和,又(并列) She likes singing and dancing.(她喜欢唱歌和跳舞。) but 但是(转折) He is short but strong.(他个子矮但强壮。) or 或者(选择) Would you like tea or coffee?(你要茶还是咖啡?) 否则(否定条件) Hurry up, or you’ll be late.(快点,否则你会迟到。) so 所以(因果) It rained, so we stayed at home.(下雨了,所以我们待在了家里。) 注意事项 1. so 与 because 不连用:because 表原因,so 表结果,两者不可同时出现在句中(如错误:Because he was ill, so he didn’t go. 正确:He was ill, so he didn’t go. / Because he was ill, he didn’t go.)。 2. 否定句中的并列:否定句中用 or 连接并列成分,不用 and(如错误:I don’t like apples and bananas. 正确:I don’t like apples or bananas.)。 3. 祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句:可表条件(如 Work hard, and you’ll succeed.(努力工作,你就会成功。))。 其他知识点: 1. Some animals feed on the leaves, and the water can keep them healthy. (P98) feed on “以……为食”;如:Cows feed on grass. 牛以草为食。 2. Quite a few desert plants also give animals food. (P98) quite a few“不少,相当多”,修饰可数名词复数,表肯定。如: quite a few desert plants. 相当多的沙漠植物。 3. It provides us with food and offers us space to have fun. P(104) The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife. P(101) provide...with... =provide sth. for sb.“为……提供……”; 如: Trees provide birds with shelters. = Trees provide shelters for birds. offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物;如: I plan to offer my friend this book.= I plan to offer this book to my friend. The teacher offered the students a great learning opportunity. = The teacher offered a great learning opportunity to the students. 4. The deep ocean isn't warm, bright or noisy. (P99)深海不温暖、明亮或者嘈杂。 noisy adj. 充满噪声的; 吵闹的; noise n. 噪声;noisily adv.喧闹地;嘈杂地;如: The classroom was noisy during break. Please turn down the TV. The noise is too much for me. The monkeys jumped around noisily in the tree. Word power 1. When you look at a coral reef, you might think it is simply a group of colourful rocks. (P100) When引导时间状语从句==》主将从现,主过从过 it is simply a group of colourful rocks作动词think的宾语,为宾语从句;宾语从句须用陈述句序。 simply是副词,形容词为simple;如: Is success simply a matter of working hard? This love between you and me is simple as a song. 2. Now many scientists are worried about coral reefs because they are facing serious problems. be worried about…= worry about…“对……担心,忧虑”; 如: Don’t worry/ be worried about John. He’ll be back soon. There’s nothing to worry about. 3. The ocean water is becoming dirtier because of different human activities, and this causes corals to die slowly. (P100) because of “由于”,后接名词或名词短语;because后接句子。如: I bought the house simply because it was large. Amy was late for school because of the heavy rain. = Amy was late for school because it rained heavily. cause vt.使发生,造成,导致; “cause sb./sth. to do sth.”导致某人/某物做某事;n.原因;理由; 如: The heavy rain caused the flood.。 The cause of the fire was carelessness. The noise caused the baby to cry. 4. What's more, climate change is greatly damaging the ocean's environment. (P100) -What's more“而且;更重要的是;另外”;如: And what’s more, bring me my breakfast.另外,把我的早饭带来。 damage vt.损害,毁坏; n.损坏,损失; 损害;如: Drinking and smoking can damage your health. The flood did a lot of damage to the crops. 5. The ocean is getting warmer, and it may not be a friendly environment for coral reefs. (P100) is getting warmer (正变得更暖),现在进行时表“逐渐发生的变化”,体现气候变化的持续性,比“becomes warmer”更具动态感。 情态动词may (可能),表推测,+动原 maybe可以放句首 +动词相应时态 6. Luckily, more scientists are paying attention to coral reefs. (P100) 副词Luckily修饰后边整个句子; pay attention to sth. /doing sth. 关注…… 如: Luckily, Amy didn’t pay attention to her classmates who laugh at her. 7. They are working really hard to find ways to save them. (P100) 副词really修饰动词短语work hard; 动词不定式to find ways to save them作目的状语;动词不定式to save them作后置定语修饰前面的名词ways。 Integration 1. Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in the north-east of China. P(101) north - east n., adj. & adv.东北; 东北方的; 向东北方;“in the + 方位名词 + of...”“在某区域某方位”;如:in the south of China在中国南部。 2. It is one of the world's most important wetlands. P(101) Pollution is one of the biggest problems. P(104) “one of the +最高级+名词复数”表示“最…的之一”, 作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如:He is one of the most friendly people in the class, I think. 3. The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife. P(101) It covers around 71% of the earth's surface and produces about 70% of the earth's oxygen. (P94) Wetlands only cover about 6% of the earth's land area. (P95) cover n. 庇护所; 罩子;v. 覆盖;涉及,包含;掩护,掩盖;占; A has/cover an area of....=The area of A is.... I can't make the cover of the tin fit on. Snow covered the ground. We tried to find cover from the storm. Do not try to cover a mistake. 4. For example, about 20% of red-crowned cranes live in Zhalong. P(101) red - crowned crane n.丹顶鹤; “20% of + 复数名词”(20%的……)表比例;当“百分比 + 名词”作为主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于该名词所指代的内容是单数还是复数。如果名词表示的是不可数名词或集合名词(整体概念),谓语动词使用单数形式。如果名词表示的是可数名词的复数(个体概念),谓语动词使用复数形式。如: Forty percent of the water is polluted. A large percentage of the population supports the new policy. Sixty percent of the students have passed the exam. Thirty percent of the apples are rotten. 5. Many birds live in Zhalong all year round, while some go there only for a short stay. P(101) all year round (全年,一整年); for a short stay (短期停留); stay n.停留,逗留 v.待;呆;如: We only want to make a short stay here. You can stay here if you like. Stay smart and diligent. 6. Most birds are active in the daytime, so you can easily watch them there. P(101) daytime n.白天;day+ time daytime;in the daytime在白天;反义短语为:at night 或 during the night。如: She likes to read in the daytime. He prefers to walk at night because it's cooler. 7. Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings. P(101) make sb./sth.+adj. ; // in order to do sth.表示目的,可直接用不定式to替换;如: In order to catch the first bus, he got up early in the morning. 8. This will lead to less space for wildlife. P(101) lead vi. 造成(后果); lead to导致;n. “领先地位;榜样”等; leader n. “领导者;领袖;首领”。 lead to sth.导致,造成,通向。如:Eating too much sugar can lead to health problem. lead sb. to sth.,使得出(观点),引导(某人)。如:What led you to this conclusion? lead sb. to do sth.,引导、带领、怂恿某人做什么。如: Salesmen do their best to lead people on to buy things they don’t need. She took the lead in organizing the event. As a teacher, you should set a good lead for your students. He was not a natural leader. 9. Moreover, if fishermen keep fishing there, the birds will not have enough food to eat. P(101) if引导条件状语从句,主将从现; keep doing sth.一直做某事 动词不定式to eat作定语修饰名词food 表将来 10. Now the Chinese government has made laws to prevent all these things in Zhalong. P(101) has made (现在完成时),表“过去制定法律”的动作对现在产生影响(即当前已有保护法律),强调“对策已实施”的状态,比一般过去时“made”更突出“当前效果”。 动词不定式to prevent all these things作目的状语;翻译成 “为了,来” 11. What other actions can we take to help protect wetlands? P(101) take action(s) to do sth. 采取行动做某事,强调采取行动的目的和具体内容。如: We had to take action to protect the proprietary technology. 12. Governments can do this by creating laws to stop people from building on wetlands, to reduce the number of tourists visiting them and to make sure visitors do no harm while they are there. by creating laws"(通过制定法律,介词 "by" 后接动名词 "creating");creative adj.“有创造力的;创造性的” ;如:A creative person can come up with new ideas easily. creator n. “创作者;创造者”;如:The creator of this app is only 20 years old. stop sb from doing sth"阻止某人做某事 the number of + 复数名词" ……的数量,作主语时谓语用单数 只能 用大小修饰 a number of+ 可数名词复数 作主语时谓语用复数 The number of the students in our class is bigger. visiting them 现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰 "tourists",表正在 make sure +sb/sth时+句子 确保……,从句用陈述语序 while they are there" 时间状语从句,"while" 表“当……时候”,从句用现在时 do no harm"不造成伤害 13. They can set up volunteer groups to help keep wetlands free from pollution, make sure tourists are careful when they visit and plant wetland trees to keep the ecosystem balanced. set up 成立 help keep sth free from sth 帮助使某物远离某物,"keep" 后接形容词 "free from" 作宾语补足语 keep the ecosystem balanced保持生态系统平衡,"balanced" 为过去分词作宾语补足语,表“被平衡的状态”, "keep... balanced"(保持……平衡))。 14. And maybe we can take our own chopsticks when eating out. P(103) take one's own...自带…… 时间状语从句when eating out外出就餐时 When/While/Before/After+doing sth When/While/Before/After sb/sth+句子 主将从现,主过从过 15. We can encourage people to protect forests too. P(103) encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事;如: Our English teacher often encourages us to speak more English in class. 16. You said it! P(103) 你说得对!(口语常用,表赞同,比“I agree”更口语化。) 17. We can show people different ways to save forests. P(103) show people different ways= show different ways to people show sb sth=show sth to sb 18. Education and knowledge are useful tools to help keep forests safe. P(103) knowledge n.知识【UC】 have a good knowledge(n.掌握,知晓) of....对.....有很好的了解和掌握;如: Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。 He had an encyclopedic knowledge of drugs. 动词不定式to help keep forests safe作后置定语,修饰前面的名词tools 表将来 19. I am writing today to ask for your help in protecting the ocean. P(104) ask for one's help in doing sth. 请求某人协助做某事 help sb with sth/do sth帮助某人做某事 20. It is also a good idea to tell people how to protect the ocean. P(104) It is meaningful to join an environmental group and work as a volunteer. P(104) It is +adj/n.+ to do sth It都是代指后边的动词不定式作形式主语,如: It is important to keep fit 21.We should keep beaches clean and use more environment-friendly products. P(104) environmental adj. 环境的; environment n. 环境;如: She usually writes about environmental issues. Provide a quiet and comfortable learning environment for your children. (基础训练) Grammar 1. My father gave me fifteen yuan to buy an English dictionary. A. 宾补 B. 状语 C. 间宾 D. 直宾 2. Our English teacher often gives us some advice on how to learn English well. A. 直宾 B. 间宾 C. 状语 D. 表语 3. The structure of the sentence “Autumn leaves turn brown” is _. A. S+V+DO+OC B. S+V+O C. S+V+P D. S+V 4. Lucy doesn’t pay for the juice, because it is free. A. 宾语 B. 主语 C. 表语 D. 谓语 5. Which is the right sentence structure of "I saw the boy standing on the other side of the road."? A. S+V+DO B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 6. The sentence structure of “ The food tastes better than I cooked last week” is_ A. S+V+P B. S+V C. S+V+DO+ OC D. S+V+O 7. Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream. The sentence structure (结构) is _. A. S+V+P B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+O D. S+V+DO+OC 8. What kind of structure is the sentence “The girl showed her classmates some photos.”? A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 9. —What do we call these animals? —We call them giraffes. The structure of the underlined sentence is _. A. S+V B. S+V+DO C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 10. The sentence structure of “_” is “S+V”. A. The next bus will arrive. B. Some volunteers reached the village. C. The movie made the boy excited. D. Her voice is beautiful. 11. What is the sentence pattern of "Mr. Tao teaches us English."? A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+O 12. What is the sentence pattern of the sentence "My parents ask me to work hard at school" A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+O+OC 13. “White snow covers the whole earth in winter.” This sentence structure is _. A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC 14. Choose the right sentence structure. “She saw a baby panda drink her mother's milk.” A. S+V+DO B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC 15. The sentence structure of “I often hear Simon sing English songs.” is . A. S+V+DO+OC B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO 16. You'd better go to bed early tonight, _ you will not be well enough for tomorrow’s lesson. A. and B. but C. or D. so 17. -Excuse me, _ would you like to go outing _ stay at home at weekends? -My mother is ill, _ I have to stay at home to look after her. A. but; and; and B. or; or; and C. but; or; so D. and; and; so 18. Language can turn black_white, _ action tells you the truth. A. to; and B. to; but C. into; and D. into; but 19. My father wants me to be a doctor _ a policeman, _I want to be an artist. A. or; or B. and; but C. or; but D. and; and 20. -I know smoking is bad for my health, _ I just can't give it up. -It is easier said than done. A. for B. or C. but D. so 21. -Is the answer the question right _ wrong? -Please let me think it over _ I give you the answer. A. and; as B. or; before C. and; after D. or; after 22. - Excuse me, do you have a table for two? - I’m sorry, _ there aren't any seats now. Would you mind waiting for a while? A. but B. and C. or D. so 23. Bring these flowers into a warm room _ they’ll soon bloom. A. so B. and C. but D. for Word 1. Would you like to introduce your _ (day)life to your classmates? 2. The lady sat there _ (comfortable), listening to her favourite music. 3. I don’t think the _ (week) test is meaningful and useful. 4. China _ (day) is a poplar English newspaper for English learners in college. 5.To my surprise, he turned away _(patient) and said nothing to me. 6. What a _ (love) time! It is really a good day for an outing. Integration 1. The wetland_ the wild animals_food and cover. A. provide; for B. provide; / C. provides; with D. gives; for 2. There isn't enough _for us in the house, so let's go outside and find somewhere else to stay. A. rooms B. floor C. space D. water 3. They need _ at the hotel for _ because of the bad weather. A. stay; short stay B. staying; a short stay C. to stay; a short stay D. to stay; short stay 4. The government will _ more colleges for more students to receive _education. A. set up; further B. build; farther C. set out; further D. use up; farther 5. You never know how much difficulty we had _ the problem. Luckily, we managed _ it with Mr.Zhang's help. A. working out; to solve B. working out; solve C. to work out; to solve D. to work out; solving 6. - _ of the tasks won't be finished in time unless all the workers try their best. -The rest _ really hard and maybe the workers need extra help. A. Three-forths; are B. Three-fourths; are C. Three-fourths; is D. Three-fourth; is 7. _ of the land in that area _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifths; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifth; is D. Two fifths; are 8. -A large number of Indian movies _ shown in China every year. -Exactly. And the number of Chinese people going travelling there _ amazing too. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are 9. A true friend can see the pain in your eyes_everyone else believes the smile on your face. A. while B. because C. before D. after 10. I wear a pair of sunglasses _ my eyes _ the strong sunshine. A. to protect; from B. to keep; from C. to stop; from D. to prevent; from 11. Every one of us should try our best to prevent the pollution _ a happier life. A. to live B. from living C. to living D. live 12. Beijing, the capital city, is in _ (north) China 13. What _ (lead) to the failure of the plan last year? 14. Our city government tries to_(创造)more jobs for graduates. 15. The students are talking happily _(然而) the teacher is busy doing his own work. 16. You’d better wear masks on the haze (雾霾) days. Because it is a good way to prevent the air _(keep) your lung (肺) healthier. 17. I just wondered why the teacher prevented me _ (introduce) myself. 18. 我爸爸的农场占地面积超40平方米。 My father's farm _ 19. 这个公园全年为鸟儿提供庇护所吗? _ birds _? 20. 观鸟协会的成员帮助人们理解保护稀有鸟类的重要性。 Members of the Birdwatching _. 21. 盐城自然保护区是各种稀有鸟类的栖息地。 Yancheng Nature Reserve is _ 22. 我们还没弄清楚是什么导致了这个可怕的结果。 We didn't find out _ 23. 我每周花近小时时间来读不同类型的书,以提升我的知识和拓展视野。 I spend_to_and broaden my horizon every week. 24. 我们应该采取措施保护狼而不是以杀生取乐。 We should _. 25. 老虎喜欢独居,而狼经常团队协作。. Tigers like _. 26. 结果,我们阻止了渔民们在那儿捕鱼。 _, we _. (24-25无锡梁溪区期末真题) 二、完形填空 先通读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后在每小题所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分) Bebeto’s parents were discussing his sister Anna’s birthday. It was just two days away. Birthdays were always lots of fun, even though there was no money for store-bought gifts. Most of their toys were _16_, but there was nothing wrong with that. Like many families in this part of the country, they were poor. This birthday would be _17_. Anna was old enough and Bebeto had seen how her eyes lit up when she saw the new doll at Zulma’s Store. A(n) _18_ came to him. The next day, Bebeto placed a tin can in a bag, tied (捆,绑) the bag to his bicycle and headed toward the countryside. The road became steeper (陡峭) so he had to get off and _19_ the bike the rest of the way. After a long journey, he reached the mango grove (果园). When the sun was high overhead, the hard work began. Almost all of the taller trees held fresh mangoes, but they were all out of his _20_. Bebeto climbed up to the mango trees and used his knife to pick the mangoes. After a while, his neck ached from looking upward and his arms grew sore. He kept at it, and by late afternoon his bag was nearly _21_. On the way back, Bebeto was _22_ that he would be too late, but he reached the store just in time to change some of his mangoes for the doll. The following morning, Anna walked into the kitchen and took a seat. “Good morning, birthday girl,” said her mother. “I hear your brother has a special surprise for you today.” Just then, Bebeto came in _23_ a large bowl of mangoes and placed it on the table before Anna. “Happy birthday, sis!” he said. “My favorite _24_. Thank you!” Anna reached for the bowl and picked up the top mango. Then her eyes widened and her smile was even _25_. There, among the fruit, was the new doll. 16. A. handwritten B. eye-catching C. homemade D. time-saving 17. A. serious B. different C. strange D. dangerous 18. A. accident B. secret C. idea D. sense 19. A. sell B. ride C. repair D. push 20. A. reach B. way C. hand D. mind 21. A. large B. heavy C. half D. full 22 A. excited B. worried C. amazed D. bored 23. A. carrying B. counting C. changing D. cutting 24. A. toy B. fruit C. doll D. bowl 25. A. louder B. luckier C. brighter D. lighter 三、阅读理解 阅读下面的短文,然后根据短文内容,在每小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分) A 26. Which is the best time to enjoy the sunrise on January 18? A. 5:30 a. m.. B. 6:00 a. m.. C. 6:30a. m.. D. 7:30 a. m.. 27. Which day is the coldest in this week? A. Jan 18. B. Jan 19. C. Jan 20. D. Jan 21. 28. How many rainy days are there in this week? A. 2days. B. 3 days. C. 4 days. D. 5days. B I went to 221B Baker Street to find my friend Mr. Sherlock Holmes. When I arrived, I saw that he was talking with a stout (矮胖) gentleman with fiery (火焰般的) red hair. “Mr. Wilson here was explaining the thing about an unusual part-time job. Mr. Wilson, this is Doctor Watson. He has been my helper and friend for years.” I nodded and took a seat near Holmes. This stout man pulled from his pocket a dirty newspaper. As he did this, I took the chance to look at the men carefully. To my eye, Mr. Wilson seemed quite common (普通). He was overweight, and from his suit I could guess he might be a salesman. Other than his fiery red hair, I could find nothing special. Holmes, however, said, “It is easy to know that you have done a lot of writing, and at some time been to China.” Mr. Wilson looked at Holmes surprisedly and said, “How did you know? It is true!” “I knew from your hands. Your right hand is a little bit larger than your left.” “And how about China? That was so many years ago.” asked Mr. Wilson. “Well, you have a Chinese coin hanging from your watch chain,” answered Holmes. “Quite so!” Mr. Wilson was amazed. “I believe you were about to show us a newspaper advertisement.” said Holmes. “Yes! Here it is.” Below was what Holmes and I read: To all red-headed men: Mr. Hopkins has left his money to help all red-headed men. Members can get a salary (薪水) of 4 pounds a week. All red-headed men 20 years old or older are able to join. Apply in person on Monday at 11:00 to Duncan Ross at the League Office. I read it again and wondered, “What does it mean?” Mr. Wilson talked about his fantastic part-time job. He has got the job not because of any skill or ability, but only because he had red hair. He had worked there for 8 weeks and received a handsome salary of 4 pounds per week. But one morning he went to the work only to find his office closed and his job gone. He had to come to Mr. Holmes looking for answers. —Taken from The Red-headed League 29. What helped Holmes know Mr. Wilson had done a lot of writing? A. His hands. B. His watch. C. His clothes. D. His hair. 30. Which of the following shows the correct order (顺序) of Mr. Wilson’s experience (经历)? a. Mr. Wilson once went to China. b. Mr. Wilson came to 221B to ask for help. c. Mr. Wilson received a newspaper advertisement. d. Mr. Wilson got a job from the Red-headed League. A. a-b-c-d. B. a-c-d-b. C. b-a-c-d. D. c-b-a-d. 31. What may happen in the following story? A. Mr. Wilson kept working for the League. B. Mr. Wilson turned his red hair into black. C. Holmes and I joined the Red-headed League too. D. Holmes and I helped Mr. Wilson with his problem. C A food chain is a way to show the relationships (关系) among living things in the nature. It shows the path (路径) the energy takes from the sun through producers and consumers to decomposers. Everything needs energy to live on. A producer is a living thing that makes energy from the sun. It absorbs sunlight, turns it into energy and keeps it. A perfect example of a producer is a vegetable or fruit. These plants take in sunlight through their green leaves, produce energy, and keep it in the other parts of the plant, such as its fruit and flowers-what is most useful to consumers. A consumer is a living thing in the food chain that eats producers or other consumers for energy. These consumers can be insects, animals and humans. Insects, like grasshoppers (蚱蜢), eat producers and take in their energy. Consumers can also eat other consumers. For example, consumers like lions and tigers often eat other animals below them in the food chain. In this way, energy can be passed to other consumers. A decomposer is a living thing in the food chain that gets its energy from both consumers and producers by eating dead plants and animals. Ants and some other insects are good examples of decomposers. These living things eat dead plants and animals, take in the energy to live on and put new energy into the earth. Plants use the energy to make energy of their own to start the cycle again. The food chain includes all living things on the earth and is difficult to understand. We can make an easy picture of the food chain by choosing just one groups of living things. Here is an example of a simple (简单的) food chain. 32. Which of the following living things may be a decomposer? A. Butterflies. B. Bamboos. C. Cranes. D. Ants. 33. What does the word “absorb” mean in paragraph 2? A. Make. B. Catch. C. Eat. D. Save. 34. Which of the following picture shows how the food chain works? A. B. C. D. 35. What can we learn from the passage? A. Consumers are animals living on meat. B. Producers can only live on the sunlight. C. Decomposers are dangerous to other life. D. Every living thing is important to the earth. 四、信息还原 (本大题共5小题,每小题1分,共5分) 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容及选项,从文后选出最合适的选项填入空格内,选项中有两项多余。 Earthquakes are one of the most serious natural disasters. _36_ It is a good way recommended by emergency management organizations (应急管理组织) in many countries. Remember these following tips, and you may protect yourself and your family. Drop to your hands and knees under a table or desk. In the first few seconds after the shaking starts, try to quickly move away from anything that may fall and hurt you. _37_ If you’re in a public place, such as a store, do not rush away hurriedly. Get away from glass and walls to find a safe place to take cover. _38_ A table or a bed can offer cover from falling things. Get down on your knees and stay under the table until the shaking stops. _39_ Heads and necks are the most important as well as the easiest part to get hurt. If you’re in bed during an earthquake, stay there and protect your head and neck with something soft such as thick clothes or soft pillows (枕头). These things are soft enough to protect your head and neck. If there’s nothing helpful, cover your face, head and neck with your hands and arms carefully. Hold on and keep careful. Stay until the shaking completely stops. Keep careful even when you get up as aftershocks (余震) can happen at any time after an earthquake. _40_ Watch out for broken glass and falling walls. Wear a pair of trainers and put on a pair of long trousers and a shirt. Be careful not to hurt yourself. A. Cover your head and neck. B. Keep calm if you’re trapped. C You should have a plan during an earthquake. D. If you’re at home, look for a hard piece of furniture. E. If an aftershock happens, “drop, cover, and hold on” until it stops. F. To live during an earthquake, remember “drop, cover, and hold on”. G. Get low and walk away from any danger such as windows and shelves. (单元提优题) 一、选择题 1.The wetland is home _ a large number of birds. A. with B. to C. for D. of 2.It's very hot today. _, we should drink more water. A. However B. But C. Therefore D. Although 3.Pollution from factories can _ serious problems to the environment. A. lead B. create C. kill D. cause 4. Because of the bad weather, _ fruit got bad on the farm. A. quite a few B. quite a little C. a few D. a little 5.We should find ways to _ the bad habits so we can have a better life. A. get on with B. get away from C. get up D. get off 6.The water in the river is getting dirtier. We must do something to improve the water _. A. population B. environment C. temperature D. condition 7.Wetlands can help _ floods and purify water. A. prevent B. cause C. create D. lead 8.The heavy snow caused many people _ traffic jams on the way home. A. to be caught in B. catching C. to catch D. caught 9.The documentary is _ worth watching. It shows us the importance of protecting the natural world. A. well B. very C. quite D. rather 10.The forest is home to many animals, and it also plays an important role in _ the balance of nature. A. keep B. keeping C. kept D. to keep 二、词汇综合运用 1. The government has taken action to protect the _ (nature) environment. 2. The _ (destroy) of the rainforest is a serious problem. 3. Many animals are in danger because of the loss of their _ (habitat). 4. The _ (annual) rainfall in this area is about 1000 millimeters. 5. We should use natural resources _ (wise). 6. The polar ice is home to animals like polar bears and _ (penguin). 7. Coral reefs look like rocks, but they hold a lot of _ (life) in a small area. 8. The desert plants can _ (store) water in their leaves. 9. Wetlands act as the "_ (kidney)" of the earth. 10. The forest can help clean the air by _ (absorb) pollution. 三、动词填空 1. The natural world _ (include) many different ecosystems. 2. The variety of species _ (be) important for the ecosystem. 3. Some species _ (become) endangered because of human activities. 4. We need _ (develop) sustainable ways of living. 5. The forest can help _ (clean) the air by absorbing pollution. 6. Wetlands play an important role in _ (prevent) floods. 7. The government has taken action _ (protect) the natural environment. 8. People should respect nature and live in peace with it. We all need _ (work) together to make it possible. 9. If we don't take action now, the problem _ (get) worse. 10. Many animals are losing their homes because humans _ (destroy) their habitats. 四、完成句子 1.珊瑚礁看起来像岩石,但它们在一片小小的区域维持着大量的生命。 Coral reefs _ _ rocks, but they _ a lot of life in just a small area. 2.极地的冰是像北极熊和企鹅这样的动物的家园。 The polar ice is _ _ animals _ polar bears and penguins. 3.沙漠的气候如此可怕以至于只有少量动物和植物能在那里生存。 The _ _ deserts is _ awful _ only a few animals and plants can live there. 4.每个生态系统都发挥作用,并且帮助保持其所有成员和更大环境之间的平衡。 Each ecosystem _ _ _ and helps _ _ _ all its members and the greater environme