unit 5 Section Ⅱ Using language-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修1同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版）

该高中英语课件以“人与自然——认识与探索自然”为主题语境，通过引用达尔文名言导入单元主题“Revealing nature”，核心围绕过去完成时的图解定义、构成及用法，结合感知与精讲语法环节，构建从主题语境到语法应用的学习支架。 其亮点在于主题与语法深度融合，通过高考真题体验和课后分层练14、限时15分钟教材重点清，提升学生语言能力与学习能力。例如图解语法直观呈现过去完成时结构，助力理解，学生在主题探究中夯实语法基础，教师可借此高效整合主题教学与语法复习，提升备考效率。

Nature is a book, and each species is a chapter, each species is a story. —Charles Darwin 大自然是一本书，每个物种都是其中的一章，每个物种都有它自己的故事。 ——查尔斯·达尔文 Revealing nature 主题语境：人与自然——认识与探索自然 UNIT 5 更多模板请关注：https://haosc.taobao.com 1 课后分层练 14 Section Ⅱ Using language—Past perfect ①It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. ②What's more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”． ③After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. ④At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time，and had not changed since. ⑤Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before. 【我的感悟】 (1)第 句的过去完成时都是从句的谓语动词，动作发生在主句谓语动词(一般过去时)之前。 (2)第 句主句谓语动词就是过去完成时。 结论：过去完成时的动作发生在句子中某个一般过去时的动作之前，属于“过去的过去”。往往能对比两个动作发生的时间先后。 ①③④⑤ ② 一、过去完成时的定义和构成 (1)过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”；也可表示从过去某一时间开始的动作或状态一直持续到过去的另一时间。 (2)过去完成时由“助动词had＋动词的过去分词”构成。常与by、for、before、since等构成的表示时间的介词短语或由after、before、since、when、by the time等引导的时间状语从句连用。 二、过去完成时的基本用法 1．在包含when、before、after、until等连词的主从复合句中，如果主句谓语和从句谓语表示的过去动作是在不同时间发生的，那么先发生的动作通常需要用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。 After they had completed the decoration of the classroom, it took on a strikingly beautiful and festive appearance. 在他们完成教室的装饰后，教室呈现出了一种极其漂亮且充满节日气氛的外观。 2．在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句或间接引语中，常用过去完成时表示从句中的动作发生在主句中的过去动作之前。 ①Tom told his friend that he had visited the Great Wall twice by the end of last year. 汤姆告诉他的朋友到去年年底他已经去过长城两次了。 ②I heard that my deskmate had won first prize in the English speech contest. 我听说我的同桌在英语演讲竞赛中获得了一等奖。 3．当think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend、wish、expect等动词表示“过去未曾/没有实现的想法/希望/打算/意图等”时，常用过去完成时。 ①They had hoped to reach their home before sunset, but the traffic jam held them up. 他们原本希望在日落前到家，但交通堵塞耽搁了他们。 ②The student council had planned to organize a grand music festival to showcase the diverse talents of the students. 学生会原本计划在校园里组织一场盛大的音乐节，以展示学生们的各种才艺。 4．在条件状语从句中，表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句要用过去完成时。 If they had left earlier, they would have caught the first train. 如果他们当时出发更早一些，他们就能赶上第一班火车了。 5．在表示“一 ……就 ……”的两个句型“scarcely/hardly...when...”和“no sooner...than...”中，scarcely、hardly、no sooner所在主句中的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而when、than引导的从句应用一般过去时。 No sooner had the rain stopped than people came out of their houses to enjoy the fresh air. 雨刚一停，人们就从家里出来享受新鲜空气。 6．在句型“This/It was the first/second/...time＋that从句”或“This was the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋that从句”中，从句常用过去完成时；在“It was＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型中，从句常用过去完成时。 ①This was the first time that she had gone to Beijing alone, which was a new and exciting experience for her. 这是她第一次独自一人去北京，这对她而言是一段新鲜又令人兴奋的经历。 ②It was a decade since he had left his hometown.Whenever he thought about it, a flood of memories would come back. 他离开家乡已经十年了。每当想起这件事，满满的回忆就会涌上心头。 was had taken ————即学即练———— 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 ①We heard that the teacher (choose) a very interesting novel for us to read and discuss in class. ②She (plan) that her family would go on a trip to the seaside during the summer vacation to enjoy the sunshine and beach. ③It was the first time that we (watch) a film as a family. ④This (be) the most beautiful painting that I had seen, which left a deep impression on me. ⑤If they (take) my advice, they wouldn't have made such a big mistake. had chosen had planned had watched ⑥No sooner had the school­ending bell rung than the students (rush) out of the classroom and headed for the dining room to have lunch. ⑦It was several months since they (see) each other last week.They were really looking forward to a new get­together. ⑧After the teacher had explained the difficult grammar point, I finally (understand) how to use it in sentences. rushed had seen understood 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 1．(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) He picked me up at the bus station where he (drop) me off four days before. 2．(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)When I finally finished it ，the thought of winning (give) way to the enjoyment of writing. 3．(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)It felt great to know that I (help) bring this family together again. had dropped had given had helped 4．(2023·北京卷) I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 5．(2023·北京卷) I (put) so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career. had arrived had put Ⅰ.单句语法填空 Ⅱ.链接写作——完成句子 Ⅲ.链接写作——完成语段 Ⅲ.语法填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 were blamed to Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．He declined (take) part in the party last night because he was exhausted after a long­day work. 2．The unique (characteristic) of this culture are deeply rooted in its long history and traditions. 3．The students (blame) for cheating in the exam, which seriously violated the school's regulations. 4．Dating back to the 6th century, the art of paper­cutting is native China. to take characteristics was declared 5．Driving past the small village, we saw (goat) eating grass on the hillside. 6．Many species are on the edge of (extinct) due to habitat loss and climate change. 7．The city's cultural (diverse) is one of its greatest attractions.People from different ethnic backgrounds bring in their unique traditions. 8．The annual school sports meeting (declare) open by the principal with an inspiring speech. goats extinction diversity Ⅱ.链接写作——完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．昨天我见到了我的初中英语老师。我已经三年没见到她了。 I met my junior English teacher yesterday. ． 2．我做完作业后，就出去和朋友们踢足球了。 I went out to play football with my friends. 3．当晨钟敲响的时候，学生们早已来到教室，满怀热情地准备上第一节课。 By the time the morning bell rang, ，preparing for the first class with great enthusiasm. I had not seen her for three years After I had finished my homework, students had already arrived at the classroom 4．他们一到达山顶，就被那美丽的景色惊呆了。 ，when they were amazed by the beautiful view. 5．这是她第一次在公共场合讲话，她非常紧张。 It was the first time that ，and she was very nervous. Hardly had they reached the top of the mountain she had spoken in public had already started cleaning had swept the rooms had prepared a delicious meal Ⅲ.链接写作——完成语段(每小题1.5分，共12分) During the May Day holiday, our class 1 (组织了一次有意义的社会实践活动).The aim was to let us understand the value of labor and develop a sense of caring for the elderly. Before we set off, 2 (我们已经制定了详细的计划).3 (当我们到达养老院时), we found that some students 4 (已经开始打扫) the corridors.Others 5 (已经清扫了房间) and changed the sheets.By noon, we 6 (已经准备好了美味的饭菜) for the elderly. organized a meaningful social practice activity we had made careful plans When we arrived at the nursing home The activity was really rewarding.We had realized that the elderly need our attention and love.This experience 7 (也已经教会了我们) the importance of respecting and helping others.8 (我们都认为) it was an unforgettable and fulfilling May Day. had also taught us We all agreed that Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·山东临沂高二上期中)BAM­bam­bam­bam­bam­bam­bam ­bam.When the sound began a couple of weeks ago, our dog thought we were under attack.He ran between the storm door and the window back and forth, looking for attackers and barking his head off. What he's hearing are acorns (橡子) dropping from the white oak tree.The acorns hit the roof, I race outside, trying to beat the chipmunks (金花鼠).It's unusual for a grown woman to be racing chipmunks for chipmunk food, but I'm collecting acorns for a good reason. As Douglas W．Tallamy explains in his remarkable 2021 book, The Nature of Oaks, oaks are the central life form upon which so many other species in the wild depend.Hundreds of insects feed on oak leaves, and those insects in turn feed birds and even other insects.Oaks are commercially valuable, too, used in making everything from furniture to flooring. We understand the ecological benefits of oak trees.We understand how many commercial industries rely on wood from oaks.But even though we know those things, “Older white oak trees are not being replaced by younger white oak trees at a pace that will support long­term survival，” according to the White Oak Initiative.In my neighborhood, some giant old trees are cut down to make room for ever­bigger houses.Still, others are removed out of nothing more than fashion to “improve” the curb appeal of the house or to be replaced by a less “messy” tree, among other foolish reasons. With all the trees lost in my neighborhood, I have a plan for my acorns.It's possible to buy young trees from a nursery, of course, but oaks do better when planted from acorns, and now is the time to collect them.Last fall I tried to plant some acorns from a friend's chestnut oak, but the squirrels (松鼠) dug them all up and carried them off.This year I'll plant my acorns in flowerpots and protect them with bricks and wire mesh.Come spring, I'll hand the seedlings (幼苗) out like Easter eggs. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作者为保护橡树打算将橡子种在花盆并保护，来年春天分发幼苗。核心是强调橡树的重要性及作者的保护行动。 1．Why does the author race outside? A．To drive the chipmunks away. B．To prove she's a grown woman. C．To find out the reason for the sound. D．To gather acorns ahead of the chipmunks. 解析：选D。 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句： 一个成年女人和金花鼠赛跑抢金花鼠的食物是不寻常的，但我收集橡子是有充分理由的。 可知，作者跑出去是为了赶在金花鼠之前收集橡子。故选 D。 √ 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The value of oaks. B．The spread of oaks. C．The decrease of oaks. D．The symbolism of oaks. 解析：选A。主旨大意题。第三段先是阐述了橡树是许多野生物种赖以生存的核心生命形式，体现了其生态价值，接着又说橡树在商业上也很有价值，用于制作从家具到地板等各种东西，所以整段主要讲的是橡树的价值。故选 A。 √ 3．What does the author think of replacing oak trees with other trees? A．Necessary. B．Creative. C．Fashionable. D．Stupid. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句话：还有一些人仅仅因为时尚就移除了它们，以“改善”房屋的街道吸引力，或者用一棵不那么“杂乱”的树来取代它们，这是其他愚蠢的原因之一。可推断出，作者认为因为这些原因用其他树替换橡树是愚蠢的。故选 D。 √ 4．What will the author do this year? A．Plant acorns in flowerpots. B．Buy oak seedlings from a nursery. C．Give away oak seedlings at Easter. D．Drive the squirrels out of the neighborhood． 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句话 “This year I'll plant my acorns in flowerpots and protect them with bricks and wire mesh.” 可知，作者今年打算把橡子种在花盆里并用砖块和金属网保护起来。故选 A。 √ B (2025·山西晋城高二上期中)By the time you finish reading this, a species on Earth might disappear forever.Humans need a variety of animals, plants, and microorganisms for healthy living.Studies show that the decline in biodiversity, or the variety of life on Earth, causes a serious threat to our existence.My colleagues and I found that biodiversity is also important for mental health. Contact with nature benefits mental health，particularly for city residents.People living near green spaces have a 71% lower risk of developing depression and anxiety.However, most studies have not looked at how natural diversity influences these benefits.To explore this, we studied whether environments with many natural features, like trees, plants, and wildlife, improve mental health more than those with fewer features.From April 2018 to September 2023, 1，998 people used the Urban Mind app to report their environment and mental health over 41，000 times. We discovered that green spaces with high natural diversity offer more mental health benefits than those with low diversity.Participants reported that nearly a quarter of this positive impact was due to natural diversity, and these benefits could last up to eight hours.Our study suggests that to promote mental health, we should protect biodiversity.This means moving away from decorative gardens and parks with cut grass, which have low biodiversity, toward natural fields and streams that support a variety of plants and animals. Other studies support our findings.A survey of 15，000 families revealed that those living near areas rich in plants and birds had lower rates of mental health issues, even after accounting for social and economic differences.Our study adds that even brief, daily meets with biodiverse nature can improve mental health.Biodiverse nature wakens the senses, improves focus, and reduces mental tiredness.It also encourages outdoor exercise and social interaction, which improve mood.Additionally, diverse environments reduce pollutants and moderate temperatures, protecting against chronic (慢性的) conditions and stress. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，介绍了生物多样性对人类心理健康的重要性。研究发现，生活在自然多样性的环境中能显著降低抑郁和焦虑风险。 5．What does the passage say about the decline in biodiversity? A．It mostly harms animals. B．It is not important to humans. C．It is a serious danger to humans. D．It only happens in the countryside. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话的描述：研究表明，生物多样性或地球上生命种类的减少对我们的生存造成了严重威胁。可知，生物多样性的减少对人类的生存构成严重威胁，故选C。 √ 6．What conclusion does the study draw about green spaces? A．We should plant more trees in urban parks. B．We should reduce the focus on decorative gardens. C．We should limit public access to protect green spaces. D．We should shift from low biodiversity to natural diversity. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话的描述：这意味着要摆脱低生物多样性的装饰花园和公园的修剪草坪，向自然的田野和溪流，支持各种植物和动物的自然生物多样性过渡。可知，为了促进心理健康，要从低生物多样性转向支持多种植物和动物的自然生物多样性过渡。故选D。 √ 7．What does the underlined word “moderate” most likely mean in Paragraph 4? A．Increase. B．Balance. C．Decrease. D．Manage. 解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“Additionally, diverse environments reduce pollutants.”和后文“protecting against chronic (慢性的) conditions and stress”可知，文中强调多样化的环境对健康有益，暗示温度既不能过高也不能过低，而是需要保持适中。moderate表达的是对温度的正面调节。所以balance(平衡)最符合文意，故选B。 √ 8．What would be the best title for this passage? A．The Environmental Impact of Urban Parks B．The Benefits of Physical Activity in Nature C．How Social Interaction Improves Well­being D．How Natural Diversity Influences Mental Health 解析：选D。主旨大意题。文章开篇指出生物多样性对人类生存很重要，接着通过研究表明生物多样性对心理健康也很重要，接触自然特别是生物多样性高的环境能带来更多心理健康益处，最后进一步说明其他研究也支持这一观点。所以文章主要围绕自然多样性如何影响心理健康展开。故选D。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·四川成都高二上检测)Field trips have now become a popular and well­established method of education.A field trip is a journey organized by schools or educational institutions to a place outside of the classroom.1( ) Therefore, the activities during a field trip are often designed to provide them with hands­on experiences. Field trips can be taken to a variety of destinations.The most popular ones include museums, factories, zoos and botanical gardens.Field trips can also involve visits to historical sites and other places of interest.Sometimes even an outing to a park nearby can make a good field trip.2( ) Field trips help improve academic performance.Participants in a field trip are engaged in various activities about a subject matter.3( ) They could also pick up new knowledge through observation and interaction.Studies provide evidence that field trips can increase students' test scores. 4( ) During a field trip, students are exposed to interactive activities and novel experiences that are not often available in a classroom, which awakens their interest and helps them rediscover the joy in study.This may be particularly important for students who are struggling academically. A field trip can be challenging to organize due to factors such as high costs and safety concerns.5( ) Teachers regard this outing as a good way of helping students and developing a good relationship with them.Students, moreover, may remember the experience of the school field trip as a highlight of the school year. A．Field trips also promote a love of learning. B．That is why field trips are in decline in recent years. C．In this way, they could gain a better understanding of it. D．It is intended to help students learn in a real­world context. E．The quality of a field trip always depends on its destination. F．Still, it is believed that a well­chosen field trip is worth the difficulties. G．Whatever the destination is, the key is to make sure the trip is practical. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了实地考察，包括其具体内容、优点以及存在的缺陷。 1．解析：选D。设空处引起下文。根据下句：因此，实地考察中的活动通常旨在为他们提供实践经验。可知，实地考察是为他们提供实践经验。选项D“它旨在帮助学生在现实环境中学习。”与下文内容一致，指的都是实地考察的目的。其中“students”和下文的“them”一致。故选D。 2．解析：选G。设空处总结本段。该段介绍了实地考察可以去各种各样的目的地，如博物馆、工厂、动物园、植物园、历史遗迹等，甚至附近的公园也可以成为实地考察的好地方。G项“无论目的地是哪里，关键是要确保这次旅行具有实用性。”总结了前面关于目的地多样性的内容，强调了实地考察的关键要点，符合语境。故选G。 3．解析：选C。设空处承上启下。前文提到：实地考察的参与者会参与关于某个主题的各种活动。C项“通过这种方式，他们可以更好地理解这个主题。”“这种方式” 指代前面参与活动，说明了参与活动能带来更好理解主题的效果，与上下文衔接紧密。故选C。 4．解析：选A。设空处是段首句。此段后文提到：在实地考察期间，学生接触到课堂上不常见的互动活动和新奇体验，这激发了他们的兴趣，帮助他们重新发现学习的乐趣。A项“实地考察还能激发对学习的热爱。”起到了总领全段的作用，引出了后文关于激发学习兴趣和乐趣的内容。故选A。 5．解析：选F。设空处承上启下。前文指出：由于成本高和安全问题等因素，实地考察可能很难组织。后文提到：老师们认为这次外出是帮助学生和与他们建立良好关系的好方法。此外，学生们可能会将学校实地考察的经历铭记为一学年的亮点。F项“不过，人们认为精心选择的实地考察值得克服这些困难。”起到了转折作用，既承认了组织实地考察有困难，又强调了其价值，与前后文逻辑相符。故选F。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·安徽合肥高二上期中)Around 10，000 years ago, as people in present­day West Asia began to domesticate (培育) wheat and barley, a similar development took place in China, 1 people began to cultivate rice.This marked the emergence of rice agriculture, which 2 (have) a profound influence on people's lives in various parts of the world ever since. For years, Shangshan Culture, 3 Neolithic culture from 11，000 to 8，500 years ago in the Jinqu Basin in the middle and western part of East China's Zhejiang Province, has been widely recognized as a source of rice agriculture 4 many related relics found in its sites.A new discovery may add insights into the Shangshan people's rice domestication, 5 (announce) by the National Cultural Heritage Administration in Beijing on Sept.13. The Huangchaodun Site, 6 (date) back 9，300 to 8，000 years in Quzhou, Zhejiang, unveiled remnants(残迹) of settlements surrounded by a moat (护城河).More importantly, an area to the east of the settlements, covering 15，000 square meters, is 7 (possible) the earliest rice field ever discovered with a dense distribution of rice phytoliths (植物岩), or 8 (remain) of rice. Zhou Dongya, a member of the archaeological team, told Zhejiang Daily, “We generally believe 9 is hard for a rice field to be preserved for several thousand years.Only under very special conditions, could the field have continued to be utilized by people of later generations.We still need further studies 10 (confirm) if it was really a rice field.” [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲在金衢盆地关于上山人培育水稻的新发现。 1．解析：where。考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词China。先行词在从句中充当地点状语，要用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2．解析：has had。考查动词时态和主谓一致。设空处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据从句中的时间状语ever since可知，要用现在完成时；先行词是主句所描述的事情，谓语动词要用单数形式。故填has had。 3．解析：a。考查冠词。设空处是同位语，解释前面的名词，泛指一种新石器文化，Neolithic发音是以辅音音素开头。故填a。 4．解析：with。考查介词。此处考查“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，with的宾语是many related relics；宾补是found。故填with。 5．解析：announced。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词是may add；设空处是非谓语动词作定语，与其所修饰的名词a new discovery之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填announced。 6．解析：dating。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词是unveiled；设空处是非谓语动词作定语，与其所修饰的名词Site之间是主动关系，且date back to不能用于被动语态中。故填dating。 7．解析：possibly。考查副词。此处表达：可能是迄今为止发现的最早的稻田。设空处单词修饰句子的谓语动词is；所以要用其副词形式作状语。故填possibly。 8．解析：remains。考查名词的数。连词or连接两个名词。设空处表达：水稻的残留物。要用复数形式。故填remains。 9．解析：it。这里考查it is＋adj.＋to do句型，表示“做某事是 ……的”，为固定句型，其中it在这里作形式主语。故填it。 10．解析：to confirm。考查非谓语动词。此处表达：我们还需要进一步的研究来确认它是否真的是一片稻田。此空应填不定式作目的状语。故填to confirm。 $