专题05 阅读理解（说明文+议论文）（期末真题汇编，天津专用）高三英语上学期

专题05 阅读理解（说明文与议论文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2024-2025 学年高三上・西青区・期末） Just after hatching, many birds learn to identify and follow the first moving object they encounter — a process called imprinting (印记行为、印随) , which can offer protection in the wild as it helps them stay near a parent. It doesn’t take much visual information for a bird to learn to prefer one object and follow it. Researchers wanted to know whether AI models called transformers could do a similar task with limited inputs. Transformers are generic (普通的) learning systems that can be trained to perform a wide variety of tasks, making them useful in both AI chatbots such as ChatGPT and in computer vision applications, such as autonomous car navigation. “To directly compare learning algorithms (算法) to brains, we need to train them on the same experiences,” says Samantha Wood at Indiana University Bloomington. She first raised chicks (小鸡) in a box where the only visual stimulation (仿造物) came from a rotating 3D object presented on a screen. After the first week, she ran each chick through hundreds of test trials that showed that same object on one screen-presented from both familiar and unfamiliar perspectives — and displayed a second unfamiliar object on another screen. The chicks spent more of their time near the first object, suggesting they had imprinted on it. The researcher then created a virtual simulation of the set-up and used a virtual agent to move through it while looking around and recording a first-person view. That provided tens of thousands of simulated images for training and evaluating four transformer models. The AI models had just 300 milliseconds to learn from each simulated image — approximating how long biological neurons (神经元) fire after being presented with an image. The researcher found that the AIs could learn to recognise a 3D object as quickly and accurately as the chicks. The study is “a great piece of work” in comparing machine performance with biological brains, says Antone Martinho-Truswell at the University of Sydney. But he also notes, “We might be able to say that the chick ‘saw’ its imprinting object, but that will have a component of experience to it. Particularly as imprinting is to do with identifying its mother, it would be unsurprising if that visual experience were combined with a range of other components of experience: fear changing to comfort, for example, as the chick comes to regard the object as its imprinted ‘mother’.” 46．Why do newborn birds engage in imprinting? A．To stay near their parents. B．To learn how to find food. C．To adapt to various environments. D．To distinguish different bird species. 47．How did Samantha Wood conduct the initial experiment with chicks? A．She introduced them to various sounds. B．She let them interact with other chicks. C．She placed them in a natural environment. D．She showed them a moving 3D object in a box. 48．What did the test trials indicate about the chicks’ behavior? A．They preferred the familiar object. B．They were afraid of the imprinted object. C．They confused the imprinted object with others. D．They showed no preference for the imprinted object. 49．What role did the virtual simulation play in the research? A．It provided images for training AI models. B．It helped chicks learn more effectively. C．It replaced the use of real chicks. D．It tested the AI models’ navigation skills. 50．What’s challenging about comparing AI to biological brains? A．Creating identical physical structures. B．Matching their processing speeds. C．The complexity and diversity of biological experiences. D．Ensuring they have the same visual inputs. 【答案】46．A 47．D 48．A 49．A 50．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。许多鸟类孵化后学会识别并跟随它们遇到的第一个移动物体，这一过程称为印记行为，它可以在野外提供保护，因为它可以帮助它们留在父母身边。研究人员想知道称为“变压器”的人工智能模型是否可以在有限的输入下完成类似的任务。因此进行了一项实验。文章主要对此实验进行了介绍。 46．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Just after hatching, many birds learn to identify and follow the first moving object they encounter — a process called imprinting (印记行为、印随) , which can offer protection in the wild as it helps them stay near a parent. (孵化后，许多鸟类学会识别并跟随它们遇到的第一个移动物体，这一过程称为印记行为，它可以在野外提供保护，因为它可以帮助它们留在父母身边)”可知，新生鸟类会产生印记是因为它们为了留在父母身边。故选A。 47．细节理解题。根据第三段中“She first raised chicks (小鸡) in a box where the only visual stimulation (仿造物) came from a rotating 3D object presented on a screen.(她首先在一个盒子里养小鸡，唯一的视觉刺激来自屏幕上呈现的旋转3D物体)”可知，最初Samantha Wood向小鸡们展示了一个装在盒子里的移动3D物体，以此来进行实验。故选D。 48．推理判断题。根据第三段中“After the first week, she ran each chick through hundreds of test trials that showed that same object on one screen-presented from both familiar and unfamiliar perspectives — and displayed a second unfamiliar object on another screen. The chicks spent more of their time near the first object, suggesting they had imprinted on it.(第一周后，她对每只小鸡进行了数百次测试，在一个屏幕上显示同一个物体（从熟悉和不熟悉的角度呈现），并在另一个屏幕上显示第二个不熟悉的物体。小鸡在第一个物体附近花费了更多的时间，这表明它们已经在它上面留下了印记)”可推知，测试表明小鸡们更喜欢熟悉的物体。故选A。 49．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“The researcher then created a virtual simulation of the set-up and used a virtual agent to move through it while looking around and recording a first-person view. That provided tens of thousands of simulated images for training and evaluating four transformer models.(然后，研究人员创建了该设置的虚拟模拟，并使用虚拟代理在其中移动，同时环顾四周并记录第一人称视图。这提供了数万张模拟图像，用于训练和评估四个变压器模型)”可知，虚拟仿真在研究中提供了用于训练人工智能模型的图像。故选A。 50．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study is “a great piece of work” in comparing machine performance with biological brains, says Antone Martinho-Truswell at the University of Sydney. But he also notes, “We might be able to say that the chick ‘saw’ its imprinting object, but that will have a component of experience to it. Particularly as imprinting is to do with identifying its mother, it would be unsurprising if that visual experience were combined with a range of other components of experience: fear changing to comfort, for example, as the chick comes to regard the object as its imprinted ‘mother’.”(悉尼大学的 Antone Martinho-Truswell 表示，这项研究是比较机器性能与生物大脑的“一项伟大工作”。但他也指出，“我们也许可以说小鸡‘看到’了它的印记物体，但这其中有经验的一部分。特别是由于印记与识别其母亲有关，如果将视觉体验与一系列其他体验成分结合起来，那就不足为奇了：例如，当小鸡开始将物体视为其印记的“母亲”时，恐惧就会转变为舒适感。”)”可知，小鸡“看到”了它的印记物体，但这其中有经验的一部分。由此推知，将人工智能与生物大脑进行比较的挑战性性是生物经验的复杂性和多样性。故选C。 Passage 2 （2024-2025 学年高三上・西青区・期末） Many people believe that multitasking is an efficient way to get more done in less time, assuming it boosts productivity in both personal and professional lives. This common perception suggests that handling multiple tasks at once allows individuals to maximize their time. However, research and real-world examples suggest that this belief might be misguided. Supporters of multitasking claim that it allows people to combine various activities into a smooth workflow, potentially resulting in improved time management. For example, a student might prepare for an exam while listening to music, thinking it helps them stay focused, or a professional might answer emails during a conference call, believing it makes their workday more efficient. The concept is that by handling multiple tasks at once, one can achieve more within the same time frame. However, numerous studies have shown that multitasking often has the opposite effect. Research conducted by Stanford University found that people who frequently multitask are actually less efficient at handling multiple tasks than those who focus on one task at a time. These multitaskers struggle to organize thoughts and ignore unnecessary information, leading to decreased productivity. The American Psychological Association also notes that the cognitive cost of switching tasks can consume up to 40% of productive time, which significantly undermines efficiency. Real-world examples show the negative aspects of multitasking. A driver texting while navigating traffic is more likely to have an accident due to divided attention. Similarly, an employee constantly switching between tasks may produce lower quality work and take longer to complete projects. In contrast, companies that encourage focused work periods, such as using the Pomodoro Technique, report improved productivity and job satisfaction among employees. To truly embrace single-tasking, several strategies can be applied. Prioritizing tasks by urgency and importance is key, using tools like Trello or Asana to track progress. Techniques such as the Pomodoro Technique, which involves working on a single task for 25 minutes followed by a short break, help maintain focus and prevent burnout. Minimizing distractions is also crucial. Establishing “quiet hours” for focused work without interruptions, and setting specific times for checking emails, can help maintain concentration. Additionally, building a workplace culture that values quality over quantity encourages thorough task completion. Reevaluating our approach to productivity is essential. As more people recognize the benefits of focused work, a shift towards more effective task management may occur, leading to better outcomes for individuals and organizations alike. By putting these strategies into action, we can build a work environment that is more productive and rewarding. 51．What do many people believe about multitasking according to the first paragraph? A．It reduces stress. B．It enhances creativity C．It improves social skills. D．It boosts productivity. 52．What do supporters of multitasking believe it helps achieve? A．Better teamwork. B．Improved time management. C．Enhanced focus. D．Greater relaxation. 53．What does the underline word “undermines” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Reduces. B．Measures. C．Achieves. D．Encourages. 54．What is one impact of multitasking mentioned in the fourth paragraph? A．It improves job satisfaction. B．It reduces task completion time. C．It causes divided attention. D．It increases productivity. 55．What is the author’s intention in writing this passage? A．To describe the history of multitasking. B．To explain how to multitask effectively. C．To share personal experiences with multitasking. D．To present research on the downsides of multitasking. 【答案】51．D 52．B 53．A 54．C 55．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。许多人认为多任务处理能提高效率，但研究和实例表明这种观点可能是错误的，文章谈论了多任务处理的负面影响以及专注单任务的策略。 51．细节理解题。根据第一段“Many people believe that multitasking is an efficient way to get more done in less time, assuming it boosts productivity in both personal and professional lives.(许多人认为多任务处理是一种在更短时间内完成更多工作的有效方法，认为它能提高个人和职业生活中的生产力)”可知，许多人认为多任务处理能提高生产力，故选D项。 52．细节理解题。根据第二段“Supporters of multitasking claim that it allows people to combine various activities into a smooth workflow, potentially resulting in improved time management.(多任务处理的支持者声称，它允许人们将各种活动组合成一个顺畅的工作流程，可能会导致改进的时间管理)”可知，多任务处理的支持者认为它有助于改进时间管理，故选B项。 53．词义猜测题。根据第三段中划线词句“The American Psychological Association also notes that the cognitive cost of switching tasks can consume up to 40% of productive time, which significantly…efficiency.(美国心理协会还指出，切换任务的认知成本可能会消耗高达40%的生产时间，这大大……效率)”可知，消耗大量生产时间会降低效率，可推理出“undermines”的意思是“降低”，故选A项。 54．细节理解题。根据第四段“A driver texting while navigating traffic is more likely to have an accident due to divided attention. Similarly, an employee constantly switching between tasks may produce lower quality work and take longer to complete projects.(一个在交通行驶中发短信的司机由于注意力分散更有可能发生事故。同样，一个不断在任务之间切换的员工可能会生产出质量较低的工作，并且需要更长的时间来完成项目)”可知，多任务处理会导致注意力分散，故选C项。 55．推理判断题。根据第一段“Many people believe that multitasking is an efficient way to get more done in less time, assuming it boosts productivity in both personal and professional lives.(许多人认为多任务处理是一种在更短时间内完成更多工作的有效方法，认为它能提高个人和职业生活中的生产力)”、第二段“Supporters of multitasking claim that it allows people to combine various activities into a smooth workflow, potentially resulting in improved time management.(多任务处理的支持者声称，它允许人们将各种活动组合成一个顺畅的工作流程，可能会导致改进的时间管理)”以及最后一段“Reevaluating our approach to productivity is essential. As more people recognize the benefits of focused work, a shift towards more effective task management may occur, leading to better outcomes for individuals and organizations alike. By putting these strategies into action, we can build a work environment that is more productive and rewarding(重新评估我们对生产力的方法是至关重要的。随着越来越多的人认识到专注工作的好处，可能会发生向更有效的任务管理转变，从而为个人和组织带来更好的结果。通过实施这些策略，我们可以建立一个更有效率、更令人满意的工作环境)”可知，文章开篇提出很多人对多任务处理提高效率的错误认知，接着通过研究和实例说明多任务处理的负面影响，最后介绍专注单一任务的策略，整体围绕多任务处理的缺点展开。可推理出作者写这篇文章的目的是展示关于多任务处理缺点的研究，故选D项。 Passage 3 （2024-2025 学年高三上・南开区・期末） Sometimes a person loses a sense in-early childhood. Then their brain develops in a dramatically different way. Parts of the brain that are usually used for the lost sense will begin to respond to the remaining senses. This is neuroplasticity: your brain’s ability to reorganize itself. Researchers wanted to know how the brain responds to moving sounds. Does it work differently for sighted people than for people who have been blind since early childhood? Their experiment tested how people separate a moving sound from background noise. Your brain often has to separate important details from distractions. It is easy to listen to someone talk in a quiet room, but hard to listen when many people are talking at once. Researchers recruited (招募) 8 sighted participants with normal vision and 8 early blind participants. Researchers mixed a recording of a sound moving from one side to the other with random bursts of static noise (静电噪音). Participants listened to the mixture of noise and sounds. They tried to tell what direction the sound was moving in. Each participant did the test 6,000 times! Their results suggest that early blind people are very good at tuning out background noise. Researchers can guess this is probably true for people born blind, too. This might be because they have lots of practice using sound to identify motion. Another reason may be neuroplasticity. The brain does a lot of reorganizing itself during early childhood. Maybe parts of the brain that are normally used for vision get used for hearing instead. When a person loses a sense, they do not suddenly receive super senses. It can be frustrating for a blind person when people assume that. Being blind doesn’t mean they will have an amazing sense of smell or hearing. It is a myth (荒诞的说法) that the loss of one sense makes the others stronger. Blind people have the same kind of ears as sighted people — so they aren’t any better at hearing quiet sounds. However, they do learn to expertly use sound to navigate (导航) the world. So, there is a bit of truth in the myth — the brain does learn how to use the other senses more skillfully. It is amazing how the brain can adapt! 46．According to Paragraph 1, what happens if a person loses a sense as a child? A．The brain starts to re-identify itself. B．The brain will have the ability to reorganize itself. C．The relevant part of the brain responds to the rest of the senses. D．Parts of the brain stop developing dramatically. 47．According to Paragraph 2, what’s the purpose of the experiment? A．To test how people separate a moving sound from background noise. B．To know the difference between the sighted and the blind. C．To figure out how the brain responds to moving sounds. D．To help brain separate important details from distractions. 48．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．The author wants to illustrate the difficulty of the whole experiment. B．The author wants to emphasize the importance of experiment. C．The author wants us to know how many people participated in the experiment. D．The author wants to introduce the method of experiment to us. 49．What conclusion can be drawn from Paragraph 4? A．Neuroplasticity helps the brain adapt to early loss of vision. B．The myth that the loss of one sense makes the others stronger is entirely true. C．Blind people have the same ears as normal people. D．People who lose their sight early are good at ignoring background noise. 50．What could be the best title for the passage? A．What is Neuroplasticity? B．The Loss of One Sense Makes the Others Stronger C．How Does the Brain Adapt to Blindness? D．Our Brain Develops in A Dramatically Different Way 【答案】46．C 47．C 48．D 49．A 50．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大脑如何适应失明。 46．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sometimes a person loses a sense in-early childhood. Then their brain develops in a dramatically different way. Parts of the brain that are usually used for the lost sense will begin to respond to the remaining senses.(有时，一个人在童年早期就失去了知觉。然后他们的大脑以截然不同的方式发育。大脑中通常用于失去感觉的部分将开始对剩余的感觉做出反应)”可知，如果一个人小时候失去了知觉大脑的相关部分对其余感官做出反应。故选C。 47．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers wanted to know how the brain responds to moving sounds.(研究人员想知道大脑如何对移动的声音做出反应)”可知，实验的目的是弄清楚大脑如何对移动的声音做出反应。故选C。 48．推理判断题。根据第三段“Researchers recruited (招募) 8 sighted participants with normal vision and 8 early blind participants. Researchers mixed a recording of a sound moving from one side to the other with random bursts of static noise (静电噪音). Participants listened to the mixture of noise and sounds. They tried to tell what direction the sound was moving in. Each participant did the test 6,000 times!(研究人员招募了 8 名视力正常的视力正常参与者和 8 名早期失明参与者。研究人员将声音从一侧移动到另一侧的录音与随机爆发的静态噪声混合在一起。参与者聆听噪音和声音的混合物。他们试图判断声音的传播方向。每个参与者都做了 6000 次测试！)”可知，作者在第三段想向我们介绍实验方法。故选D。 49．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Their results suggest that early blind people are very good at tuning out background noise. Researchers can guess this is probably true for people born blind, too. This might be because they have lots of practice using sound to identify motion. Another reason may be neuroplasticity. (他们的研究结果表明，早期盲人非常善于消除背景噪音。研究人员猜测，这对于天生失明的人来说可能也是如此。这可能是因为他们有大量使用声音来识别运动的练习。另一个原因可能是神经可塑性)”可知，神经可塑性有助于大脑适应早期视力丧失。故选A。 50．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“When a person loses a sense, they do not suddenly receive super senses. It can be frustrating for a blind person when people assume that. Being blind doesn’t mean they will have an amazing sense of smell or hearing. It is a myth (荒诞的说法) that the loss of one sense makes the others stronger. Blind people have the same kind of ears as sighted people — so they aren’t any better at hearing quiet sounds. However, they do learn to expertly use sound to navigate (导航) the world. So, there is a bit of truth in the myth — the brain does learn how to use the other senses more skillfully. It is amazing how the brain can adapt!(当一个人失去一种感觉时，他们不会突然获得超感官。对于一个盲人来说，当人们认为。失明并不意味着他们会有惊人的嗅觉或听觉。失去一种感觉会使其他感觉更强，这是一个神话。盲人的耳朵和正常人的一样，所以他们在听到安静的声音时并没有表现得更好。然而，他们确实学会了熟练地使用声音来导航世界。所以，这个神话有一点道理——大脑确实学会了如何更熟练地使用其他感官。大脑的适应能力真是惊人！)”，结合文章开篇介绍了神经可塑性的概念，即大脑自我重组的能力。接着通过研究人员针对视力正常者和自幼失明者对移动声音反应的实验，表明自幼失明者善于排除背景噪音，分析了可能的原因，包括大量使用声音识别运动的练习以及神经可塑性，即大脑在幼儿时期的自我重组。还指出失明并不意味着其他感官会突然变强这一误解，强调失明者能熟练地利用声音来导航世界，体现了大脑对失明状况的适应。文章围绕大脑如何适应失明展开，故 “How Does the Brain Adapt to Blindness?(大脑如何适应失明？)” 作为标题最合适。故选C。 Passage 4 （2024-2025 学年高三上・南开区・期末） Fish often travel in schools. How and why each fish does what it does is what makes their schooling so puzzling to scientists. Now scientists think they have a clue as to why schooling is so common. It saves the fish energy—lots of energy. A new study has compared the energy a fish uses as it swims. And moving in a school reduced the energy a fish used by more than half compared to when it swam alone, it found. “The whole idea of measuring what it costs animals to move is an important one,” says George Lauder, a fish biologist at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and an author of the new study. Many physiologists have been looking into this for years, he notes. “This is the first paper, I think, that’s really measured that comprehensively.” Lauder and Zhang, also at Harvard, worked with giant danio, small fish that love to swim. Sometimes the team put eight at a time into a water tank shaped a bit like a racetrack. Other times, they just put in a single fish. The danio didn’t loop (绕圈) around the tank like race cars. Instead, they swam in one spot, like a runner on a treadmill (跑步机), as a motor pushed the tank’s water around, creating a current. As the fish swam, a special device called a respirometer (呼吸器) measured how much oxygen they used. Oxygen helps to fuel muscles. For example, people who sprint (短跑) use a lot of oxygen. Afterward, they often need a few minutes to recover and catch their breath. Here, the researchers used oxygen as a gauge (测量标准) of how much energy the fish used to swim in place. Researchers filmed giant danio in an experimental flow tank to study their movements and energy use. To make them swim fast—like a sprinter—the researchers increased the speed of the circulating water current. When they slowed the water, the fish slowed too. Schooling fish used less oxygen than when they swam alone. And, they took less time to recover from a sprint. In other words, they had an easier time “catching their breath” after schooling. By schooling, fish can save their energy for other important things, says Frank Fish. He works at West Chester University in Pennsylvania, where he studies the dynamics of motion in animals. For instance, if fish are young, they can put that energy into growth. As adults, they can use it to reproduce or to avoid predators (捕食者). 51．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A．raise a question. B．make a comparison. C．propose a definition. D．present an argument. 52．According to Paragraph 2, what is the key to the study? A．Reducing the energy a fish uses while swimming. B．How to force the fish to swim in schools. C．Measuring the cost of animal movement. D．How to measure fish swimming habits comprehensively. 53．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Giant danio loves to swim in circle. B．It was no way to measure how much oxygen the danio consumed. C．The danio usually swam in a fixed spot. D．The danio used little energy while sprinting. 54．What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 4? A．To stress the necessity of this experiment. B．To clarify the experimental method and result. C．To suggest a way to measure the energy used by fish. D．To emphasize the importance of the experiment. 55．What makes the best title for the passage? A．An Experiment with Giant Danio. B．Swimming in Schools Lets Fish Save Lots of Energy. C．How does Giant Danio Swim? D．Giant Danio Likes Travelling in Schools. 【答案】51．D 52．C 53．C 54．B 55．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们通过实验表明鱼经常成群结队地游动是为了节省能量。 51．推理判断题。根据第一段“Fish often travel in schools. How and why each fish does what it does is what makes their schooling so puzzling to scientists. Now scientists think they have a clue as to why schooling is so common. It saves the fish energy—lots of energy.(鱼经常成群结队地游动。每条鱼的行为方式和原因使得科学家们对它们的鱼群行为感到困惑。现在，科学家们认为他们找到了为什么学校教育如此普遍的线索。它节省了鱼的能量——大量的能量。)”可推知，第一段作者主要提出了一个论点，故选D。 52．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The whole idea of measuring what it costs animals to move is an important one(衡量动物移动成本的整个想法是一个重要的想法)”可知，根据第2段可知，研究的关键衡量动物移动的成本。故选C。 53．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The danio didn’t loop (绕圈) around the tank like race cars. Instead, they swam in one spot, like a runner on a treadmill (跑步机), as a motor pushed the tank’s water around, creating a current.(丹尼奥鱼不像赛车那样绕着坦克转一圈。相反，它们在一个地方游泳，就像跑步机上的跑步者一样，电机推动水箱中的水，产生水流)”可知，达尼奥鱼通常在固定地点游泳。故选C。 54．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Researchers filmed giant danio in an experimental flow tank to study their movements and energy use. To make them swim fast — like a sprinter — the researchers increased the speed of the circulating water current. When they slowed the water, the fish slowed too. Schooling fish used less oxygen than when they swam alone. And, they took less time to recover from a sprint. In other words, they had an easier time “catching their breath” after schooling.(研究人员在实验流动池中拍摄了巨型达尼奥鱼，以研究它们的运动和能量使用。为了让它们像短跑运动员一样游得更快，研究人员提高了循环水流的速度。当他们放慢水流速度时，鱼也放慢速度。成群的鱼比单独游动时消耗的氧气更少。而且，他们从冲刺中恢复的时间更少。换句话说，他们成群后更容易“喘口气”)”可知，作者写第4段的目的是明确实验方法和结果。故选B。 55．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Fish often travel in schools. How and why each fish does what it does is what makes their schooling so puzzling to scientists. Now scientists think they have a clue as to why schooling is so common. It saves the fish energy—lots of energy.(鱼经常成群结队地游动。每条鱼的行为方式和原因使得科学家们对它们的鱼群行为感到困惑。现在，科学家们认为他们找到了为什么学校教育如此普遍的线索。它节省了鱼的能量——大量的能量。)”可知，文章主要讲了实验表明，鱼群游泳可以节省大量能量，B项“鱼群游泳可以节省大量能量”适合作文章标题，故选B。 Passage 5 （2024-2025 学年高三上・红桥区・期末） In recent times, with the emergence of electric cars, the concept of powering them with solar energy has also started picking up steam. Electric cars—even though they run on electricity and don’t use fossil(化石) fuels—are still NOT GREEN! People suffer from the misconception that not using fossil fuel means “green” which is kind of ridiculous, considering the electricity we use is generated by burning the very same fuels! However, what if your car had solar panels that could charge it? Now that would indeed be a green machine! Basically, as much as we would like to incorporate this energy source into our car, the efficiency of the currently used solar panels is subject to the fulfillment of different criteria. Firstly, solar panels occupy a large amount of area. An average car has an area of 10-25 sq. ft. on the roof, which can generate between 50-150W under ideal conditions. This is hardly enough power to light a small bulb! Also, moderate sunny temperature needs to be ideal, as extremely high temperatures can reduce the efficiency of the solar panels. Cars must work in all weather conditions, so if a solar panel limits the car’s functionality, it becomes practically useless. More importantly, the cost of the panels and development required to power the electronics using the sun’s energy outweighs the benefits that solar panels provide. Most cars today that have solar roofs, use the solar energy to power only a few basic functions of the car. While there is still time before we will be able to drive cars fully powered by solar energy, there are some alternatives, such as solar power stations, which are being designed to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels for electricity. Solar-powered vehicles are surely the future, but not the near future. As the cost of solar panels continues to fall and their efficiency increases, things will begin to look much “brighter” for this alternative and sustainable option! 46．Why aren’t electric cars environmentally friendly? A．They won’t work as well as the common cars. B．They are not powered by solar energy. C．They cause more pollution to the world. D．They run on electricity produced by burning fuels. 47．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．Temperatures have little effect on solar panels. B．Powering the electronics costs little. C．A car’s roof generates enough power to light a bulb. D．The performance of current solar panels depends on various factors. 48．What can we infer about solar energy in the car industry? A．Most cars have solar roofs. B．Cars can be currently powered from solar power stations. C．Cars partly powered by solar energy are on the road. D．Solar cars will soon be available. 49．What is the passage mainly about? A．The advancements in solar power technology for cars. B．Understanding the concept of ‘green’ energy in cars. C．The challenges and prospects of solar-powered cars. D．The role of solar power stations in automobile industry. 50．What is the author’s attitude towards solar-powered vehicles? A．The author is cautious but optimistic about solar-powered vehicles. B．The author is extremely enthusiastic about solar-powered vehicles. C．The author is negative and thinks solar-powered vehicles are impractical. D．The author is indifferent to the idea of solar-powered vehicles. 【答案】46．D 47．D 48．C 49．C 50．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了最近，随着电动汽车的出现，用太阳能为电动汽车提供动力的概念也开始升温。虽然离我们能够驾驶完全由太阳能驱动的汽车还有一段时间，但是太阳能汽车肯定是未来，但不是不远的将来。随着太阳能电池板成本的持续下降和效率的提高，太阳能汽车变得更加光明。 46．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“People suffer from the misconception that not using fossil fuel means “green” which is kind of ridiculous, considering the electricity we use is generated by burning the very same fuels! (人们有一种误解，认为不使用化石燃料意味着“绿色”，这有点荒谬，因为我们使用的电力是通过燃烧相同的燃料产生的！)”可知，电动车不环保是因为它们靠燃烧燃料产生的电力运行。故选D。 47．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“the efficiency of the currently used solar panels is subject to the fulfillment of different criteria.( 当前使用的太阳能电池板的效率取决于不同标准的满足。)”以及第三段讲到“Firstly, solar panels occupy a large amount of area (首先，太阳能电池板占据了很大的面积)”、“Also, moderate sunny temperature needs to be ideal, as extremely high temperatures can reduce the efficiency of the solar panels. (此外，适度的阳光温度需要是理想的，因为极高的温度会降低太阳能电池板的效率。)”和“More importantly, the cost of the panels and development required to power the electronics using the sun’s energy outweighs the benefits that solar panels provide.( 更重要的是，使用太阳能为电子设备供电所需的电池板和开发成本超过了太阳能电池板所提供的好处。)”可知，从第三段我们得知当前太阳能电池板的性能取决于各种因素。故选D。 48．推理判断题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Most cars today that have solar roofs, use the solar energy to power only a few basic functions of the car. While there is still time before we will be able to drive cars fully powered by solar energy, (今天大多数有太阳能车顶的汽车只使用太阳能为汽车的一些基本功能提供动力。虽然离我们能够驾驶完全由太阳能驱动的汽车还有一段时间)”可知，关于汽车工业中的太阳能，我们可以推断出部分由太阳能驱动的汽车已经上路。故选C。 49．主旨大意题。主要介绍了最近，随着电动汽车的出现，用太阳能为电动汽车提供动力的概念也开始升温。虽然离我们能够驾驶完全由太阳能驱动的汽车还有一段时间，但是太阳能汽车肯定是未来，但不是不远的将来。随着太阳能电池板成本的持续下降和效率的提高，太阳能汽车变得更加光明。文章最后一段讲到“Solar-powered vehicles are surely the future, but not the near future. As the cost of solar panels continues to fall and their efficiency increases, things will begin to look much “brighter” for this alternative and sustainable option! (太阳能汽车肯定是未来，但不是不远的将来。随着太阳能电池板成本的持续下降和效率的提高，这种替代性和可持续的选择将开始变得更加“光明”！)”可知，这篇文章主要是关于太阳能汽车的挑战和前景。故选C。 50．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Solar-powered vehicles are surely the future, but not the near future. As the cost of solar panels continues to fall and their efficiency increases, things will begin to look much “brighter” for this alternative and sustainable option! (太阳能汽车肯定是未来，但不是不远的将来。随着太阳能电池板成本的持续下降和效率的提高，这种替代性和可持续的选择将开始变得更加“光明”！)”作者对太阳能汽车的态度是谨慎又乐观的。故选A。 Passage 6 （2024-2025 学年高三上・河东区・期末） Over the past decade, the 45-or 60-minute workout has become a standard for fitness lovers. However, new research suggests that instead of it, we can adjust our weekly exercise time to 150 minutes of moderate activity, 75 minutes of vigorous activity, or a combination of the two. How is it possible that exercising for a section of the time can deliver the same results as a longer workout? Martin Freud at McMaster University may have the answer. “Exercise activates certain metabolic (新陈代谢的) pathways — think of them as the fuel gauges (油量表) on your car,” explains Freud. “When you exercise, your energy reserves start to decline, which is like the fuel gauges going down toward ‘empty’. That triggers the lights on the dashboard to come on, which translates to the activation of your body responses: New blood vessels are formed, the heart becomes a stronger pump, and the muscle gets better at using oxygen to produce energy.” “Continuous and moderate exercise has fuel gauges going down slowly,” says Freud. “But you can also turn on those metabolic pathways with short, hard bursts of exercise that cause a sudden drop of fuel.” In the research, two groups started workouts with a two-minute warm-up and finished with a three-minute cooldown. In between, Group 1 rode a bike continuously for 45 minutes at a moderate intensity, while Group 2 did three rounds that each involved a 20-second all-out ride followed by two minutes of slow recovery pedaling. After 12 weeks of doing these workouts three times a week, the scientists found the same physiological improvements, including improved oxygen uptake efficiency and cardio-respiratory function (心肺功能), in both groups — even though one had 27 total hours of riding and the other had a mere six. Besides, a short workout doesn’t have to be structured. People can perform exercise “snacks” like vigorously climbing 60 steps of stairs three times a day, leaving one to four hours between climbs for recovery, which significantly improves their health conditions. Joe Holder, a fitness specialist, has championed the idea of exercise snacking. “Exercise snacking is more about lifting your base level of health and keeping up with general movements. You can actually get much stronger, faster or fitter with these daily workouts,” he said. 46．What is the focus of the new research? A．The variety of exercise. B．The duration of exercise. C．The function of exercise. D．The benefit of exercise. 47．What is the function of Paragraph 3? A．Analyzing the function of metabolic pathways. B．Illustrating the advantages exercise brings to us. C．Showing the similarity between human bodies and cars. D．Explaining the changes of bodies when people exercise. 48．What can we learn about the study? A．Group 1 can snack while doing exercise. B．Group 2 can skip warm-up and cooldown. C．Group 1 has double exercise time compared to Group 2. D．Both groups have improved their health conditions. 49．What does underlined word “championed” in the last paragraph mean? A．Supported. B．Confirmed. C．Opposed. D．Neglected. 50．Which of the following statements about exercise is right according to the passage? A．Long workouts are no longer necessary for achieving fitness goals. B．Moderate exercise for 45-60 minutes remains the optimal choice for fitness. C．The intensity of exercise is more important than its duration for improving health. D．Structured workouts are essential for significant improvements in health. 【答案】46．B 47．D 48．D 49．A 50．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明，短时间、剧烈的运动也可以实现健身的目标。 46．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, new research suggests that instead of it, we can adjust our weekly exercise time to 150 minutes of moderate activity, 75 minutes of vigorous activity, or a combination of the two. (然而，新的研究表明，我们可以将每周的锻炼时间调整为 150 分钟适度活动、75 分钟剧烈活动或两者的组合。)”可知，新研究的重点是运动的持续时间。故选B。 47．主旨大意题。根据第三段““Exercise activates certain metabolic pathways — think of them as the fuel gauges on your car,” explains Freud. “When you exercise, your energy reserves start to decline, which is like the fuel gauges going down toward ‘empty’. That triggers the lights on the dashboard to come on, which translates to the activation of your body responses: New blood vessels are formed, the heart becomes a stronger pump, and the muscle gets better at using oxygen to produce energy.”(“运动会激活某些代谢途径——可以把它们想象成汽车上的油量表，”弗洛伊德解释道。 “当你锻炼时，你的能量储备开始下降，就像燃油表逐渐变为‘空’一样。这会触发仪表板上的灯亮起，从而激活你的身体反应：新血管形成，心脏变得更强大，肌肉更善于利用​​氧气产生能量。”)”可知，第三段主要解释人们运动时身体的变化。故选D。 48．细节理解题。根据第六段中“After 12 weeks of doing these workouts three times a week, the scientists found the same physiological improvements, including improved oxygen uptake efficiency and cardio-respiratory function, in both groups — even though one had 27 total hours of riding and the other had a mere six. (经过 12 周每周进行 3 次这些锻炼后，科学家们发现两组人的生理状况都有相同的改善，包括吸氧效率和心肺功能的改善——尽管一组人总共骑行了 27 小时，而另一组只有六小时)”可知，研究发现两组人的健康状况均有所改善。故选D。 49．词句猜测题。根据下文Joe Holder所说的话““Exercise snacking is more about lifting your base level of health and keeping up with general movements. You can actually get much stronger, faster or fitter with these daily workouts,” he said.(“运动快餐更多的是为了提高你的基本健康水平并跟上一般运动。通过这些日常锻炼，你实际上可以变得更强壮、更快或更健康，”他说)”可知，Joe Holder认为运动快餐可以使人们变得更强壮、更快或更健康，由此可推知，他支持这个运动快餐这一观点，划线单词意为“支持”，故选A。 50．细节理解题。根据第四段““Continuous and moderate exercise has fuel gauges going down slowly,” says Freud. “But you can also turn on those metabolic pathways with short, hard bursts of exercise that cause a sudden drop of fuel.” (弗洛伊德说：“持续适度的运动会使油量表（即身体的能量储备）缓慢下降。”“但你也可以通过短时间、剧烈的运动来开启代谢途径，从而导致能量突然下降。”)”可知，长时间的锻炼不再是达到健身目标的必要条件。故选A。 Passage 7 （2024-2025 学年高三上・五区县・期末） Is It Worth Buying Organic Food? Organic food, grown without artificial chemicals, is increasingly popular nowadays. Consumers have been willing to pay up to twice as much for goods with organic labels. However, if you think paying a little more for organic food gets you a more nutritious and safer product, you might want to save your money. A study led by researchers at Stanford University says that organic products aren’t necessarily more nutritious, and they’re no less likely to suffer from disease-causing bacteria, either. The latest results, published in the Annuals of Internal Medicine, suggest that buyers may be wasting their money. “We did not find strong evidence that organic food is more nutritious or healthier,” says Dr. Crystal Smith-Spangler from Stanford. “So consumers shouldn’t assume that one type of food has a lower risk or is safer.” For their new study, Smith-Spangler and her colleagues conducted a review of two categories of research, including 17 studies that compared health outcomes between consumers of organic against traditional food products, and 223 studies that analyzed the nutritional content of the foods, including key vitamins, minerals and fats. While the researchers found little difference in nutritional content, they did find that organic fruit and vegetables were 20% less likely to have chemicals remaining on the surfaces. Neither organic nor traditional foods showed levels of chemicals high enough to go beyond food safety standards. And both organic and traditional meats, such as chicken and pork, were equally likely to be harmed by bacteria at very low rates. The researchers did find that organic milk and chicken contained higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids, a healthy fat also found in fish that can reduce the risk of heart disease. However, these nutritional differences were too small, and the researchers were unwilling to make much of them until further studies confirm the trends. Organic food is produced with fewer chemicals and more natural-growing practices, but that doesn’t always translate into a more nutritious or healthier product. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) states that “Whether you buy organic or not, finding the freshest foods available may have the biggest effect on taste.” Fresh food is at least as good as anything marketed as organic. 45．The new research questions whether organic food ________. A．should replace traditional food B．has been overpriced by farmers C．is grown with less harmful chemicals D．is really more nutritious and healthier 46．How did Smith-Spangler and her colleague conduct their new study? A．They conducted experiments to grow organic and traditional foods. B．They conducted experiments to analyze the nutritional content of the foods. C．They reviewed previous studies to examine health outcomes and nutritious content. D．They collected data by surveying consumers of organic and traditional food products. 47．Smith Spangler and her colleagues found that ________. A．organic food could reduce the risk of heart disease B．traditional food was grown with more natural methods C．both organic and traditional food they examined were safe D．there was not a presence of any forms of bacteria in organic food 48．Which of the following is relatively healthier according to the passage? A．Organic chicken and pork. B．Organic milk and chicken. C．Traditional chicken and pork. D．Traditional fruit and vegetables. 49．What is the author’s attitude toward organic food? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unconcerned. D．Approving. 【答案】45．D 46．C 47．C 48．B 49．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了有机食品不一定是更有营养、更健康这一事实，告诉人们没有必要多花钱购买有机食品。 45．细节理解题。根据第二段““We did not find strong evidence that organic food is more nutritious or healthier,” says Dr. Crystal Smith-Spangler from Stanford.(斯坦福大学的克里斯特尔·史密斯-斯潘格勒博士说：“我们没有发现强有力的证据表明有机食品更有营养或更健康。”)”可知，这项研究质疑有机食品更有营养更健康，故选D。 46．细节理解题。根据第三段“For their new study, Smith-Spangler and her colleagues conducted a review of two categories of research, including 17 studies that compared health outcomes between consumers of organic against traditional food products, and 223 studies that analyzed the nutritional content of the foods, including key vitamins, minerals and fats.(在他们的新研究中，史密斯-斯潘格勒和她的同事们对两类研究进行了回顾，其中17项研究比较了有机食品和传统食品消费者的健康结果，223项研究分析了食品的营养成分，包括关键的维生素、矿物质和脂肪)”可知，他们回顾了以前的研究，以检查健康结果和营养成分，进行他们的新研究。故选C。 47．细节理解题。根据第四段“Neither organic nor traditional foods showed levels of chemicals high enough to go beyond food safety standards.(有机食物和传统食物两者都没有出现化学物质超出食品安全标准的情况出现)”可知，他们所检查的食物都是安全可食用的，故选C。 48．细节理解题。根据第四段“The researchers did find that organic milk and chicken contained higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids, a healthy fat also found in fish that can reduce the risk of heart disease.(研究人员确实发现，有机牛奶和鸡肉含有更高水平的omega-3脂肪酸，这是一种健康的脂肪，也可以在鱼类中发现，可以降低患心脏病的风险)”可知，有机奶和鸡肉中的确含有一种减少心脏疾病风险的脂肪，所以这两种物质相对更安全。故选B。 49．推理判断题。根据第一段“However, if you think paying a little more for organic food gets you a more nutritious and safer product, you might want to save your money. A study led by researchers at Stanford University says that organic products aren’t necessarily more nutritious, and they’re no less likely to suffer from disease-causing bacteria, either.(然而，如果你认为多花点钱买有机食品会让你买到更有营养、更安全的产品，你可能想省下这笔钱。斯坦福大学的研究人员进行的一项研究表明，有机产品不一定更有营养，而且它们感染致病细菌的可能性也不低)”可知，作者认为花很多钱买有机食品很可能是在浪费钱，以及最后一段中引用美国农业部的话“The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) states that “Whether you buy organic or not, finding the freshest foods available may have the biggest effect on taste.” Fresh food is at least as good as anything marketed as organic.(美国农业部（USDA）表示：“无论你是否购买有机食品，找到最新鲜的食物可能对味道有最大的影响。”新鲜食品至少和市场上宣传的有机食品一样好)”可知，无论是否有机，最新鲜的食品对口味有最大的影响，由以上信息可判断，作者对有机食品持质疑的态度。故选A。 主题02 人与社会——历史社会与文化 （2024-2025 学年高三上・河西区・期末） It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics. In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the decline of class and classless society in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class. But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification. One unchanging aspect of a British person’s class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice. Most people said this accent sounded educated and soft. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional (地区的) city accents. These accents were seen as common and ugly. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice. In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song Common People puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may want to live like common people they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life. 51．A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain _______. A．it is time to end class distinction B．most people belong to middle class C．it is easy to recognize a person’s class D．people regard themselves socially different 52．The underlined word “stratification” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______. A．variety B．class differentiation C．authority D．qualification 53．The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as_______. A．regional B．educated C．prejudiced D．unattractive 54．British attitudes towards accent _______. A．don’t show person’s class position B．are based on regional status C．are shared by the Americans D．have changed in recent years 55．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The middle class is expanding. B．A person’s accent reflects his class. C．Class is a key part of British society. D．Each class has unique characteristics. 【答案】51．D 52．B 53．D 54．D 55．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出虽有人认为英国阶级观念在衰退甚至消亡，但研究表明阶级仍是英国社会的重要部分，而口音是体现阶级的一方面，英国人对口音的态度有阶级偏见，但近年来有一定的变化。 51．细节理解题。根据第三段中“A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. (最近一项广泛的社会舆论调查发现，90%的人仍然把自己放在特定的阶级中；73%的人认为阶级仍然是英国社会的重要组成部分；52%的人认为仍然存在明显的阶级差异)”可知，该调查表明，现代英国人仍然认为自己在社会上有不同的阶级归属。故选D项。 52．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. (因此，阶级在文化和政治上可能并不明显，但它仍然是英国社会的重要组成部分)”可知，阶级仍是英国社会的重要组成部分。由此可知，英国人喜欢社会分层，画线词意思应该是“分层”，B项class differentiation“阶级分化”最接近其含义。故选B项。 53．细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. (然而，在美国进行的一项关于英国口音的类似研究将结果颠倒过来，认为一些地方口音最具吸引力，而BBC英语最不具吸引力)”可知，在美国进行的研究表明，BBC英语被认为是最不吸引人的口音。故选D项。 54．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. (然而，近年来，伦敦中上层阶级的年轻人开始采用一些地方口音，以掩盖他们的阶级出身。这是阶级被忽视的迹象)”可知，英国人对口音的态度在近年来发生了变化。故选D项。 55．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“But pronouncing the death of class is too early. (但宣布阶级死亡还为时过早)”和“Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. (因此，阶级在文化和政治上可能并不明显，但它仍然是英国社会的重要组成部分)”可知，文章主要讨论了阶级在英国社会中的重要性，尽管有人认为阶级正在消失，但研究表明阶级仍然是英国社会的重要组成部分。故选C项。 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2024-2025 学年高三上・红桥区・期末） Courage is a highly admired virtue. When asked to describe courage, most people conjure up (脑中浮现) the image of an individual running into a burning building, or maybe a hero saving the world. But there's another form of bravery that's much more important because it comes up more often. It's called moral courage. Moral courage is the ability that allows us to face our fears and to conquer our darkest fears. It’s the ability to face the future without knowing what is certain. It’s the ability to stand tall and confront those who oppose us, those who prevent us from realizing who we are and what we are. But most importantly, it’s the ability to stand up for what’s right, even though there are risks that stand in your way. Sara Anderson once said that "It takes great courage to faithfully follow what we know to be true." The potential of showing moral courage has the power of changing the world. It was because of the moral courage that Mahatma Gandhi was able to make India free from British rule. He fought bravely against them without the use of any weapon by presenting great moral courage. In this way, he also became a great example for the people of the whole world. It is not that we remember Gandhi because of his body or beauty. We remember him because of the great ideas and principles of his life. Moral courage is essential not only for a noble life, but a happy one. Without moral courage, we have no control over our lives. Our fears destroy our spirit and make us trapped in depression. Mark Twain said, “Courage is not the absence of fear but the resistance of fear, the mastery of fear.” If our fears cause us to lose confidence in the power of virtue, we will lose something very precious. People with moral courage rarely get medals, but it is the best marker of true character and a virtue others can be proud of. We must try to develop the power of moral courage that will surely help in ending injustice and wrong and grant us a better world. 51．What is the main function of Paragraph 1? A．To make a comparison. B．To propose a definition. C．To introduce the subject. D．To provide the background. 52．In the author’s view, moral courage is not _________. A．the willingness to face and conquer fears B．the capacity to stick to what is right C．the ability to confront opponents D．the desire to control whoever opposes you 53．What does the example of Mahatma Gandhi tell us? A．Moral courage can make a difference to the world. B．Moral courage makes people faithfully follow the truth. C．Moral courage is essential for leading a happy life. D．Moral courage restricts great ideas and principles. 54．What can be inferred from Mark Twain’s words? A．Courage is being brave without any fear. B．Courage is a spirit to overcome the fear. C．Having a fear can limit our future lives. D．Fear can stop us from achieving our goals. 55．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．To end injustice and wrong. B．To pursue excellent virtues. C．To strengthen moral courage. D．To create a better world. 【答案】51．C 52．D 53．A 54．B 55．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要阐述了什么是道德勇气，以及道德勇气的重要性。 51．推理判断题。根据以第一段“Courage is a highly admired virtue.(勇气是一种备受推崇的美德。)”，和“But there's another form of bravery that's much more important because it comes up more often. It's called moral courage.(但是还有另一种形式的勇敢更重要，因为它出现的频率更高。这叫道德勇气。)”可知，本文重点介绍道德勇气。且下文主要讲述了什么是道德勇气，以及道德勇气的重要性。所以，第一段的主要目的是引出话题，故选C。 52．细节理解题。根据第二段“Moral courage is the ability that allows us to face our fears and to conquer our darkest fears. It’s the ability to face the future without knowing what is certain. It’s the ability to stand tall and confront those who oppose us, those who prevent us from realizing who we are and what we are. But most importantly, it’s the ability to stand up for what’s right, even though there are risks that stand in your way.( 道德勇气是一种能力，使我们能够面对自己的恐惧，克服最黑暗的恐惧。这是一种在不知道什么是确定的情况下面对未来的能力。这是一种能够挺身而出，直面那些反对我们的人，那些阻止我们认识自己和自己的人的能力。但最重要的是，这是一种坚持什么是正确的能力，即使存在阻碍你前进的风险)”可知，在作者看来，道德勇气不是控制任何反对你的人的欲望，故选D。 53．推理判断题。根据第三段“The potential of showing moral courage has the power of changing the world. It was because of the moral courage that Mahatma Gandhi was able to make India free from British rule.(道德勇气的潜力具有改变世界的力量。正是由于这种道德勇气，圣雄甘地才能够使印度摆脱英国的统治。)”可知，真是由于甘地有道德勇气，才使得印度独立。道德勇气在改变世界中起着重要作用，故选A。 54．推理判断题。根据第四段“Courage is not the absence of fear but the resistance of fear, the mastery of fear.(勇气不是没有恐惧，而是对恐惧的抵抗，对恐惧的掌握。)”可知，勇气是一种克服恐惧的精神，故选B。 55．细节理解题。根据最后一段“We must try to develop the power of moral courage that will surely help in ending injustice and wrong and grant us a better world.(我们必须努力发展道德勇气的力量，这必将有助于结束不公正和错误，给我们一个更美好的世界。)”可知，作者建议我们要增强道德勇气，故选C。 Passage 2 （2024-2025 学年高三上・河东区・期末） Who doesn’t love a compliment? Take it from the father of psychology, Sigmund Freud, who concluded that we all possess a certain level of narcissism (自恋) from birth. According to Freud, humans are born with a need for approval and encouragement. It’s no wonder that we all love a good ego boost. In fact, we can even link compliments to our personal identity. According to Mark L. Knapp, an interpersonal communication expert, when someone else compliments us on something we’re good at, we incorporate that into how we see ourselves. Many people even actively seek out compliments to further strengthen that image. Even though compliments can’t pay the bills, they can make you feel like a million bucks. Scientists have found compliments can light up the same part of the brain that gets activated when you receive a monetary reward. This is because both compliments and money fulfill basic human needs. Compliments serve as a social reward that fulfills our emotional need to be recognized and accepted by society. Monetary rewards, on the other hand, are classified as a nonsocial reward that satisfies our desire for security and safety. While the two rewards are fundamentally different, both can motivate us equally. Receiving praise can have a multitude of benefits. A study revealed that receiving compliments can help improve motivation and performance. Some adults were asked to learn and perform specific finger patterns. After they repeated the finger exercises the following day, the group who received direct compliments from an evaluator performed better than the other participants. The researchers concluded that receiving compliments can serve as a social reward while encouraging other participants to perform better. There is one thing to bear in mind when it comes to complimenting others: a compliment is beneficial only when you really mean what you say. Give genuine compliments that recognize positive behavior and support others. As long as you’re being sincere, your compliment might make them feel like they’ve won the lottery. 51．Which of the following may Sigmund Freud disagree with according to Paragraph 1? A．Humans have a need for approval from birth. B．Humans really love compliments. C．Humans are born communication experts. D．Humans like to receive encouragement. 52．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Scientists think good compliments are equal to bills. B．Compliments can satisfy human needs just like money. C．Compliments satisfy our most important emotional need. D．Monetary rewards are considered as a social reward. 53．What does the underlined word “genuine” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Clever. B．Gentle. C．Useful. D．Honest. 54．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Both compliments and money can hardly motivate humans. B．Humans are likely to feel better if they receive criticism. C．Direct compliments have a positive effect on our performance. D．Money rewards can frustrate our desire for security and safety. 55．Which of the following is the best title? A．The power of compliments. B．The meaning of compliments. C．The need for approval and encouragement. D．The benefit of encouragement. 【答案】51．C 52．B 53．D 54．C 55．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了赞美的好处。 51．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Who doesn’t love a compliment? Take it from the father of psychology, Sigmund Freud, who concluded that we all possess a certain level of narcissism from birth. According to Freud, humans are born with a need for approval and encouragement.(谁不喜欢赞美呢？借鉴心理学之父西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的说法，他得出的结论是，我们从出生起就具有一定程度的自恋。弗洛伊德认为，人类生来就需要认可和鼓励)”可知，西格蒙德·弗洛伊德认为人类从出生起就需要被认可和鼓励，人们喜欢赞美，C项“人类是天生的沟通专家。”没有提到，故选C。 52．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Scientists have found compliments can light up the same part of the brain that gets activated when you receive a monetary reward. This is because both compliments and money fulfill basic human needs. (科学家发现，赞美可以点亮大脑中与收到金钱奖励时被激活的同一部分。这是因为赞美和金钱都能满足人类的基本需求。)”可知，赞美就像金钱一样可以满足人的需要。故选B。 53．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中划线单词上文“There is one thing to bear in mind when it comes to complimenting others: a compliment is beneficial only when you really mean what you say. (在赞美别人时要记住一件事：只有当你真心实意地说时，赞美才是有益的。)”和下文“As long as you’re being sincere, your compliment might make them feel like they’ve won the lottery.(只要你是真诚的，你的赞美可能会让他们感觉自己中了彩票。)”可知，我们要真心实意地赞美别人，即给别人真诚的赞美，由此可知，划线单词意为“真诚的”，故选D。 54．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“After they repeated the finger exercises the following day, the group who received direct compliments from an evaluator performed better than the other participants. (第二天重复手指练习后，得到评估员直接表扬的小组比其他参与者表现得更好)”可知，直接的赞美对我们的表现有积极的影响。故选C。 55．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“According to Mark L. Knapp, an interpersonal communication expert, when someone else compliments us on something we’re good at, we incorporate that into how we see ourselves. Many people even actively seek out compliments to further strengthen that image. (人际沟通专家马克·L·纳普 (Mark L. Knapp) 表示，当别人称赞我们擅长的某件事时，我们会将其纳入我们对自己的看法中。许多人甚至主动寻求赞美以进一步强化这种形象。)”，第二段中“Even though compliments can’t pay the bills, they can make you feel like a million bucks.(尽管赞美不能支付账单，但它们可以让你感觉自己像一百万美元。)”，第三段中“Receiving praise can have a multitude of benefits. (接受表扬可以带来很多好处。)”可知，文章主要介绍了赞美的好处，A项“赞美的力量。”适合作文章标题，故选A。 Passage 3 （2024-2025 学年高三上・部分区・期末） Your favorite foods might not taste the same in the future, and the climate crisis is behind it. In Spain, the black Iberian pigs, which are very important for making special ham, usually eat acorns (橡子) and surrounding grass under oak trees. However, because of heatwaves and a five-year drought, these natural foods are becoming less. So, the pigs are now fed olives (橄榄), thereby changing the unique flavor of the ham. Drought also affects how fruits taste. For example, watermelons and cantaloupes (香瓜) taste different when there’s a drought. Researchers from a Spanish tech center told a Spanish newspaper that sugars and other compounds build up during droughts, changing the taste of food, sometimes for better, sometimes for worse. Beyond drought, rising temperatures and sea levels also influence food flavors. Typically, warm days and cool nights improve the sugar and acid content in fruits, which are essential for the optimal flavor. However, global warming makes this hard to achieve. For example, Japanese apples are becoming less acidic, softer, and drier due to early blooming and high temperatures during growth. While the food we eat is deeply influenced by the climate crisis, our food choices also cause it. Eating meat and dairy from cows has a big impact on the climate. Raising livestock (牲畜) produces a lot of greenhouse gases. Making animal protein also needs more land, energy and water than making plant-based protein. This may seem like a problem that can’t be solved, but we can break this cycle. The Good Food Institute, a US group, believes people will choose alternative protein if they are as tasty and affordable as meat. Meanwhile, more people have started to take action. According to The New York Times, Will Hlamris, a US farmer, practices regenerative farming, allowing cows to move around freely, using less chemical use and disturbing the soil less, which is more environmentally friendly. 46．What changes the flavor of the ham? A．People’s need to make the flavor special. B．The harvest of acorns and the surrounding grass. C．The unique compounds caused by heatwaves. D．The shortage of food sources and alternative feed. 47．What does the underlined word “optimal” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Best. B．Strange. C．Common. D．Worst. 48．Which are the factors leading to the change of foods’ flavor? A．Heatwaves and hurricanes. B．Rising temperatures and sea levels. C．Human’s study and choices. D．Regenerative farming and researches. 49．According to the Good Food Institute, people will choose alternative protein if ______. A．they are cheaper than meat B．the environment changes C．the greenhouse gases disappear D．they are delicious and cheap enough 50．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Food production affected by climate. B．Benefits of regenerative farming. C．Climate crisis changing food taste. D．Livestock’s role in making protein. 【答案】46．D 47．A 48．B 49．D 50．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出气候危机影响食物味道，如西班牙火腿、水果受干旱、升温等影响风味改变，同时食物选择也会导致气候问题，不过人们可通过选择替代蛋白、再生农业等方式打破这一循环。 46．细节理解题。根据第二段“In Spain, the black Iberian pigs, which are very important for making special ham, usually eat acorns (橡子) and surrounding grass under oak trees. However, because of heatwaves and a five-year drought, these natural foods are becoming less. So, the pigs are now fed olives (橄榄), thereby changing the unique flavor of the ham. (在西班牙，黑伊比利亚猪是制作特殊火腿的重要原料，它们通常吃橡树下的橡子和周围的草。然而，由于热浪和长达五年的干旱，这些天然食物越来越少了。因此，猪现在被喂橄榄，从而改变了火腿的独特风味)”可知，食物来源的短缺和替代饲料是导致火腿风味改变的原因。故选D项。 47．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Typically, warm days and cool nights improve the sugar and acid content in fruits (通常，温暖的白天和凉爽的夜晚会提高水果中的糖和酸含量)”和下文“However, global warming makes this hard to achieve. For example, Japanese apples are becoming less acidic, softer, and drier due to early blooming and high temperatures during growth. (然而，全球变暖使这一目标难以实现。例如，由于早熟和生长过程中的高温，日本苹果变得不那么酸、更软、更干)”可知，全球变暖使得水果的成分有所变化，日本苹果变得不那么可口，味道不佳。由此可知，原先的气候条件可以促成水果达到最佳的风味。由此推知，划线词意思是“最好的，最佳的”，与A项Best意思一致。故选A项。 48．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Beyond drought, rising temperatures and sea levels also influence food flavors. (除了干旱，气温上升和海平面上升也会影响食物的味道)”可知，气温上升和海平面上升是导致食物风味变化的因素。故选B项。 49．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The Good Food Institute, a US group, believes people will choose alternative protein if they are as tasty and affordable as meat. (美国健康食品研究所认为，如果替代蛋白和肉类一样美味又实惠，人们会选择它们)”可知，该机构认为，替代蛋白足够美味和便宜的情况下，人们会选择它们。故选D项。 50．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Your favorite foods might not taste the same in the future, and the climate crisis is behind it. (你最喜欢的食物在未来可能尝起来不一样，而气候危机是背后的原因)”可知，文章主要讨论了气候危机如何影响食物的味道，包括干旱、气温上升和海平面上升等因素。由此可知，C项“气候危机改变食物味道”最能概括文章的主旨。故选C项。 Passage 4 （2024-2025 学年高三上・部分区・期末） More and more people are realizing that negative self-talk and negative energy can affect you in many ways and cause you additional stress. Because of this, developing more positive self-talk is an important way to reduce stress in your life. You can help yourself maintain a positive mind, which will help with positive self-talk by surrounding yourself with positive energy in your life. You can get that by adding some elements to your life. Listening to music that not only has a pleasant melody, but an uplifting message, can be great for developing positive self-talk. Have you ever had a song “stuck in your head” for a few hours or days, the lyrics (歌词) repeating themselves in your mind? If those lyrics were positive and inspirational, that would be a good thing. It’s a much better mental soundtrack to have than a running stream of complaints, criticisms of self-limiting thoughts, or even songs that had more depressing or sad lyrics. Books on strength, personal power, or self-help can be good resources to help you change your outlook and the things you say to yourself. Rather than bringing self-defeating thoughts, you can find yourself thinking of new can-do concepts when times get tough. One of the most important ways you can get and keep positive energy in your life is to choose your friend wisely. Do your friends uplift you, or bring you down? Are they critical, or approving? Ideal friendships provide support when you’re down, fun when you’re up, wisdom when you’re lost. Good friends can inspire you to reach greater heights, and see your strengths even when you don’t always. Pay attention to how your friends make you feel, and if they’re less than supportive, start putting your energy and time toward people who are better suited to be your friends. In addition, positive affirmations (肯定) can certainly change your self-talk from negative to positive. Now, why not begin working positive affirmations into your life in some creative ways? 51．What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the first paragraph? A．Positive self-talk. B．Additional stress. C．Positive energy. D．Negative energy. 52．How many ways does the author suggest to get positive energy in our life? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 53．If you have something “stuck in your head”, you’ll probably ______. A．keep thinking of that thing all the time B．regard that thing as the most important C．think about the bad effect of that thing D．try to get that thing out of your mind 54．According to the passage, your best friend should be those who ______. A．uplift you or bring you down B．encourage you to do things better C．provide fun when you’re depressed D．are supportive when you’ re wrong 55．What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph? A．Some great ways of making great friends. B．Some creative ways of practicing affirmation. C．How negative self-talk influences a person. D．How positive self-talk reduces stress in one’s life. 【答案】51．C 52．B 53．A 54．B 55．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了越来越多的人认识到消极的自我对话和负能量在很多方面会影响你，使你产生额外的压力。为此，文章提出了四个方法来为我们营造充满正能量的环境。 51．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“You can help yourself maintain a positive mind, which will help with positive self-talk by surrounding yourself with positive energy in your life.(你可以帮助自己保持积极的心态，这将有助于积极的自我对话，让自己在生活中充满正能量)”；后文“by adding some elements to your life”以及文章介绍了四种获得正能量的方法。由此可知，可以通过增加一些元素来得到正能量。故划线词指的是“正能量”。故选C。 52．细节理解题。根据第二段“Listening to music that not only has a pleasant melody, but an uplifting message, can be great for developing positive self-talk.(听音乐，不仅有一个愉快的旋律，但令人振奋的信息，可以很好地发展积极的自我对话)”、第三段“Books on strength, personal power, or self-help can be good resources to help you change your outlook and the things you say to yourself.(关于力量、个人力量或自助的书籍可以是很好的资源，帮助你改变你的观点和你对自己说的话)”、第四段“One of the most important ways you can get and keep positive energy in your life is to choose your friend wisely.(在生活中获得并保持正能量的最重要的方法之一就是明智地选择你的朋友)”以及最后一段“In addition, positive affirmations (肯定) can certainly change your self-talk from negative to positive.(此外，积极的肯定一定会使你的自言自语从消极变为积极)”可知，作者提出了在生活中获得正能量的4种方法。故选B。 53．细节理解题。根据第二段“Have you ever had a song “stuck in your head” for a few hours or days, the lyrics (歌词) repeating themselves in your mind?(你是否曾经有一首歌在你的脑海里“萦绕”了几个小时或几天，歌词在你的脑海里反复出现？)”可知，如果你有什么东西“萦绕在你的脑袋里”，你可能会一直想着那件事。故选A。 54．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Good friends can inspire you to reach greater heights, and see your strengths even when you don’t always.(好朋友可以激励你达到更高的高度，即使你不总是看到你的优点)”可知，你最好的朋友应该是那些鼓励你把事情做得更好的人。故选B。 55．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now, why not begin working positive affirmations into your life in some creative ways?(现在，为什么不开始以一些创造性的方式将积极的肯定融入你的生活呢？)”可推知，在下一段中可能会讨论一些练习肯定的创造性方法。故选B。 主题04 人与自然——生态自然与环境保护 Passage 5 （2024-2025 学年高三上・河北区・期末） Oysters (牡蛎) are enjoyed as delicious dishes worldwide. More than that, they are also “ecosystem engineers”. Facing a declining local oyster population, a group in New York began its “Billion Oyster Project (BOP)” to restore this natural resource, with this year marking its 10th anniversary, reported the BBC． Oysters help clean the water by removing pollutants like nitrogen (氮), which can cause too much algae (藻类) to grow. “Oysters’ filtration capacity can help the whole ecosystem,” Carrie Roble, an ecologist, told the BBC． As young oysters gather on shells and grow up over generations, they construct reefs that provide habitats for hundreds of species, creating a lively underwater city of marine (海洋的) life. Oyster reefs also protect coastlines by acting as natural storm barriers, lessening the impact of large waves and reducing flooding and erosion. To help restore oyster reefs, the BOP project places oyster babies into rivers in metal cages filled with empty shells and artificial reef balls, using donated shells from restaurants as key materials. These shells offer the necessary hard surface and calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) for young oysters to settle and eventually create an oyster reef. Thanks to these efforts, more than 140 million oysters have been restored over the past 10 years in the New York City Harbor, and 18 active restoration sites and field stations have been built. The waterways surrounding New York are now the cleanest they’ve been in over 100 years, according to BOP. However, when counting oysters, it’s difficult to tell if they are restored or drifted there. Baby oysters float for two weeks before settling on a hard surface, requiring extra lab work to trace their origins. “I am very anxious to find out how many came from the restoration oysters,” Professor Matt Hare from Cornell University, who is involved in the project, told the BBC． What’s more, mud from erosion makes growing oysters more difficult by covering their growth surfaces. The use of nutrient-rich chemicals also leads to algae overgrowth, which reduces oxygen levels. Other than New York, oyster restoration projects in various countries and regions like Bangladesh, Australia and China’s Hong Kong SAR are also underway. Each project has its unique focus including crosion, storms and water quality. As for BOP, the group is on track to meet its 1-billion oyster goal by 2035, reported Science Line. 46．What is the primary goal of the Billion Oyster Project? A．To serve oysters in restaurants. B．To create new species of oysters. C．To reduce nitrogen levels in the water. D．To restore the natural oyster population. 47．Why are oysters considered “ecosystem engineers”? A．They help reduce certain water pollutants. B．They remove microplastics from water. C．They eat harmful chemical substances. D．They stop algae from growing. 48．What can be learned about oyster reefs from Paragraph 3? A．They are formed in a short time. B．They rely heavily on other species. C．They move along with ocean currents. D．They create settlements for other marine life. 49．How does the BOP project help restore oyster reefs? A．By removing pollutants like nitrogen. B．By providing habitats for baby oysters. C．By releasing mature oysters into the sea. D．By adding calcium carbonate to oyster shells. 50．What is a challenge facing the BOP project? A．The lack of labs to do work in. B．The slow growth of baby oysters. C．Counting and identifying oysters. D．Oyster overpopulation due to fertilizer use. 【答案】46．D 47．A 48．D 49．B 50．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了牡蛎作为“生态系统工程师”的作用，以及纽约一个团体为了恢复牡蛎资源而发起的“十亿牡蛎项目（BOP）”。 46．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Facing a declining local oyster population, a group in New York began its “Billion Oyster Project (BOP)” to restore this natural resource, with this year marking its 10th anniversary, reported the BBC.(据英国广播公司报道，鉴于当地牡蛎数量不断减少，纽约的一个组织启动了“十亿牡蛎计划（BOP）”，以恢复这一自然资源，今年是该计划实施的第 10 个年头。)”可知，该计划主要是为了恢复自然牡蛎种群数量。故选D。 47．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Oysters help clean the water by removing pollutants like nitrogen (氮), which can cause too much algae (藻类) to grow. “Oysters’ filtration capacity can help the whole ecosystem,” Carrie Roble, an ecologist, told the BBC.(牡蛎通过去除氮等污染物来净化海水，氮过量会导致藻类过度繁殖。生态学家Carrie Roble向BBC 表示：“牡蛎的过滤能力有助于整个生态系统。”)”可知，牡蛎能够通过去除水中的污染物（如氮）来净化水质，从而对整个生态系统有帮助，所以它们被称为“生态系统工程师”。故选A。 48．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“As young oysters gather on shells and grow up over generations, they construct reefs that provide habitats for hundreds of species, creating a lively underwater city of marine (海洋的) life.(幼年牡蛎附着在贝壳上，一代又一代生长，它们构建起的牡蛎礁为数百种物种提供了栖息地，打造出一座生机勃勃的海底海洋生物之城。)”可知，牡蛎礁为数百种海洋生物提供了栖息地。故选D。 49．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“To help restore oyster reefs, the BOP project places oyster babies into rivers in metal cages filled with empty shells and artificial reef balls, using donated shells from restaurants as key materials. These shells offer the necessary hard surface and calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) for young oysters to settle and eventually create an oyster reef.(为助力恢复牡蛎礁，“十亿牡蛎计划”将牡蛎幼体放入装有空贝壳和人造礁球的金属笼中，再置于河流里，其中餐厅捐赠的贝壳是关键材料。这些贝壳为幼年牡蛎提供了必需的坚硬表面和碳酸钙，便于它们附着生长，最终形成牡蛎礁。)”可知，BOP项目将牡蛎幼体放入装有空贝壳和人造礁球的金属笼中，这些为牡蛎幼体提供了栖息地，从而帮助恢复牡蛎礁。故选B。 50．细节理解题。根据文章第七段“However, when counting oysters, it’s difficult to tell if they are restored or drifted there. Baby oysters float for two weeks before settling on a hard surface, requiring extra lab work to trace their origins.(然而，在统计牡蛎数量时，很难判断它们是人工恢复的，还是自然漂流至此。牡蛎幼体在附着到坚硬表面之前，会在水中漂浮两周，这就需要额外的实验室工作来追溯其来源。)”可知，统计牡蛎数量以及辨别它们是人工恢复的还是自然漂流来的是一个挑战。故选C。 Passage 6 （2024-2025 学年高三上・八校联考・期末） It was an arresting image: a Boeing 787 Dreamliner parked on the Antarctic ice, smiling flight attendants in knee-length dresses posing in front of it. Fortunately the flight was delivering personnel and supplies for research rather than tourism - but travel to Earth’s southernmost continent has nonetheless reached a new milestone. The number of visitors will hit 100,000 for the first time this tourist season and has brought a new urgency to the question of how much, if any, tourism should be allowed on the icy continent. “The industry is expanding and there is a big diversification of activities including kayaking, submersibles and helicopters,” said Elizabeth Leanne, professor of Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania. “At some point it’s going to get too big - but we don’t know what that number is.” Many IAATO members say promoting Antarctic conservation is part of their mission, including removing all waste from the continent and adhering to sterilization protocols to avoid inadvertently introducing non-native species. Nonetheless, a number of biosecurity studies found a large number of non-native species present. The sheer distance most visitors travel to reach Antarctica makes carbon emissions a serious problem. Studies have shown that on the Antarctic Peninsula, the snow has a higher concentration of black carbon from ship exhaust, which soaks up more heat and speeds up snow melt. In addition to the issue of carbon emissions and accelerated snowmelt, the increasing number of ships and aircraft transporting visitors has led to a significant rise in noise pollution, which disrupts the acoustic environment that many Antarctic species rely on for communication, mating, and navigation. The growing tourism also means a greater demand for freshwater resources in an area where water availability is already a concern. Moreover, the waste generated by tourists, including plastic, food waste, and sewage, if not properly managed, can contaminate the surrounding land and sea. Researchers recommend that anyone thinking about visiting Antarctica should take a hard look at their motivation and the impacts of their choice. “As a researcher, it’s a moral decision that I make every time I go, whether what I’m doing, is worth the impact,” said Leanne, who says tourists should also weigh up the consequences before they make a trip to the Antarctic. 51．What made the situation in Antarctic tourism more urgent this tourist season? A．The new types of transportation used. B．The arrival of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. C．The first-time-ever 100,000 visitors. D．The diverse activities promoted. 52．What is one of the main missions that many IAATO members claim to have? A．To increase the number of tourists. B．To explore new tourist areas. C．To protect the Antarctic environment. D．To develop local economy. 53．Why is the snow on the Antarctic Peninsula affected by carbon emissions? A．More tourists are doing activities there. B．Ships’ exhaust contains black carbon. C．There are more research facilities there. D．The climate is changing rapidly there. 54．What does Elizabeth Leanne suggest tourists do? A．Stop traveling to Antarctica immediately. B．Ignore the impacts of their travel. C．Carefully consider their travel’s impacts. D．Only travel with professional guides. 55．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．The Booming Antarctic Tourism Industry B．Antarctic tourism: Should we just say no? C．Antarctic Conservation: What should we do? D．The Impact of Tourism on the Antarctic Environment 【答案】51．C 52．C 53．B 54．C 55．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南极旅游业蓬勃发展带来了一系列环境问题，如碳排放、噪音污染、淡水资源需求、垃圾污染等，并且研究人员建议游客要权衡前往南极旅游的后果。 51．细节理解题。根据第二段“The number of visitors will hit 100,000 for the first time this tourist season and has brought a new urgency to the question of how much, if any, tourism should be allowed on the icy continent.(本旅游季游客数量将首次达到 10 万人，这使得在这片冰雪大陆上应该允许多少旅游业发展（如果允许的话）这一问题变得更加紧迫)”可知，本旅游季南极旅游情况变得更紧迫是因为首次迎来10万游客。故选C项。 52．细节理解题。根据第四段“Many IAATO members say promoting Antarctic conservation is part of their mission, including removing all waste from the continent and adhering to sterilization protocols to avoid inadvertently introducing non - native species.(许多国际南极旅游经营者协会（IAATO）成员表示，促进南极保护是他们使命的一部分，包括清除该大陆上的所有废物，并遵守消毒程序，以避免无意中引入外来物种)”可知，许多IAATO成员声称的主要使命之一是保护南极环境。故选C项。 53．细节理解题。根据第五段“Studies have shown that on the Antarctic Peninsula, the snow has a higher concentration of black carbon from ship exhaust, which soaks up more heat and speeds up snow melt.(研究表明，在南极半岛，雪中来自船舶尾气的黑碳浓度更高，这些黑碳会吸收更多热量，加速积雪融化)”可知，南极半岛的雪受到碳排放影响是因为船舶尾气含有黑碳。故选B项。 54．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Researchers recommend that anyone thinking about visiting Antarctica should take a hard look at their motivation and the impacts of their choice. ‘As a researcher, it’s a moral decision that I make every time I go, whether what I’m doing, is worth the impact,’ said Leanne, who says tourists should also weigh up the consequences before they make a trip to the Antarctic.(研究人员建议，任何考虑前往南极的人都应该认真审视自己的动机以及自己选择所带来的影响。‘作为一名研究人员，每次去的时候我都要做出一个道德决定，即我所做的事情是否值得其带来的影响，’ Leanne 说，她认为游客在前往南极之前也应该权衡后果)”可知，Elizabeth Leanne建议游客仔细考虑他们旅行的影响。故选 C项。 55．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了南极旅游业蓬勃发展带来了一系列环境问题，如碳排放、噪音污染、淡水资源需求、垃圾污染等，并且研究人员建议游客要权衡前往南极旅游的后果。由此可知，B项Antarctic tourism: Should we just say no?(南极旅游：我们应该拒绝吗？)能概括文章主旨，适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2024-2025 学年高三上・五区县・期末） I’ve considered that fire is our first technology. Its profound and trans-formative impact is still powerful. Prometheus (a god of fire in ancient Greek stories) stole fire from the gods to benefit humanity and disrupted (打乱) the original order to challenge authority. Artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a modern Prometheus. AI has, in a sense, “stolen” knowledge or rather, made accessible vast amounts of information and insights previously beyond our reach. This act has paved the way for new human achievements, indicating an era of exceptional cognitive (认知的) expansion and controversy. On the one hand, AI has made knowledge widely accessible, broken down barriers to information access, and fueled innovation in every field. AI’s contribution to human progress is obvious. In the meantime, AI’s “theft” of knowledge comes with its own set of challenges and ethical (道德的) dilemmas. The disruption it brings can be seen in job losses, privacy concerns, and the unsettling changes it brings to societal norms. The very act of AI obtaining and processing vast amounts of data raises questions about security and the ethical use of information. So AI challenges us to rethink our relationship with technology and its role in society. As we cast a light at the crossroads of technology and humanity, it is urgent to balance the flame of AI with a commitment to responsible management. In doing so, we can make the most of the full potential of this Promethean gift, ensuring that it serves as a lighthouse of progress and enlightenment, rather than a source of unchecked disruption for you and me. Despite these challenges, AI’s role in our modern society is eminent. It’s similar to that of a partner in human creativity and problem-solving. It takes on the laborious tasks of data analysis and pattern recognition, freeing human minds so that they can engage in higher-order thinking and creative pursuits. This cooperation between humans and AI is fostering a new age of innovation — a cognitive age — where the boundaries of what can be achieved are constantly being redefined. 50．AI is compared to Prometheus in Paragraph 1 to stress that AI_________. A．helps people to succeed easily B．stands up for ordinary people C．brings forth earthshaking changes D．challenges traditional knowledge 51．What is primarily implied about AI in Paragraph 2? A．It is a double-edged sword. B．It is the driving force behind creativity. C．Its cognitive ability needs improvement. D．Its advantages outweigh the potential drawbacks. 52．What is a must in order to maximize AI’s beneficial impact? A．Adopting an open and tolerant mindset. B．Carrying out effective regulation and management. C．Ensuring cross-cultural cooperation in AI development. D．Prioritizing ethical considerations over technological advances. 53．What does the underlined word “eminent” in the last paragraph mean? A．Significant. B．Traditional. C．Conflicting. D．Complicated. 54．What is the author’s general attitude towards AI’s role in our society? A．Concerned. B．Pessimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Positive. 【答案】50．C 51．A 52．B 53．A 54．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了人工智能所带来的巨大变化以及其优缺点，和为了最大限度地发挥人工智能的有益影响，必须实施有效的监管。 50．细节理解题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a modern Prometheus. AI has, in a sense, “stolen” knowledge or rather, made accessible vast amounts of information and insights previously beyond our reach. This act has paved the way for new human achievements, indicating an era of exceptional cognitive (认知的) expansion and controversy.(人工智能以现代普罗米修斯的形象出现。从某种意义上说，人工智能“窃取”了知识，或者更确切地说，让我们能够获得大量以前无法获得的信息和见解。这一举动为人类的新成就铺平了道路，标志着一个异常的认知扩张和争议的时代)”可知，将AI比作普罗米修斯，强调AI带来翻天覆地的变化。故选C。 51．推理判断题。根据第二段“On the one hand, AI has made knowledge widely accessible, broken down barriers to information access, and fueled innovation in every field. AI’s contribution to human progress is obvious. In the meantime, AI’s “theft” of knowledge comes with its own set of challenges and ethical (道德的) dilemmas. The disruption it brings can be seen in job losses, privacy concerns, and the unsettling changes it brings to societal norms. The very act of AI obtaining and processing vast amounts of data raises questions about security and the ethical use of information.(一方面，人工智能使知识广泛传播，打破了信息获取的障碍，推动了各个领域的创新。人工智能对人类进步的贡献是显而易见的。与此同时，人工智能对知识的“窃取”也带来了一系列挑战和伦理困境。它带来的破坏可以从失业、隐私问题以及它给社会规范带来的令人不安的变化中看到。人工智能获取和处理大量数据的行为本身就引发了有关信息安全和道德使用的问题)”可知，暗示AI是一把双刃剑。故选A。 52．细节理解题。根据第三段“As we cast a light at the crossroads of technology and humanity, it is urgent to balance the flame of AI with a commitment to responsible management.(当我们在技术和人类的十字路口投下光芒时，迫切需要平衡人工智能的火焰与负责任的管理承诺)”可知，为了最大限度地发挥人工智能的有益影响，必须实施有效的监管。故选B。 53．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“It’s similar to that of a partner in human creativity and problem-solving. It takes on the laborious tasks of data analysis and pattern recognition, freeing human minds so that they can engage in higher-order thinking and creative pursuits.(它类似于人类创造力和解决问题的伙伴。它承担了繁重的数据分析和模式识别任务，解放了人类的思想，使他们能够从事更高层次的思考和创造性的追求)”可知，人工智能承担了繁重的数据分析和模式识别任务，解放了人类的思想，使他们能够从事更高层次的思考和创造性的追求，说明其在社会中的作用是重要的。故划线词意思是“重要的”。故选A。 54．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite these challenges, AI’s role in our modern society is eminent. It’s similar to that of a partner in human creativity and problem-solving. It takes on the laborious tasks of data analysis and pattern recognition, freeing human minds so that they can engage in higher-order thinking and creative pursuits. This cooperation between humans and AI is fostering a new age of innovation — a cognitive age — where the boundaries of what can be achieved are constantly being redefined.(尽管存在这些挑战，人工智能在我们现代社会中的作用是显著的。它类似于人类创造力和解决问题的伙伴。它承担了繁重的数据分析和模式识别任务，解放了人类的思想，使他们能够从事更高层次的思考和创造性的追求。人类和人工智能之间的这种合作正在培育一个创新的新时代——一个认知时代——在这个时代，可以实现的界限正在不断被重新定义)”可知，作者对人工智能在我们社会中的作用的总体态度是积极的。故选D。 Passage 2 （2024-2025 学年高三上・耀华中学・期末） The satisfying beat of a bass drum sounds every time Gil Weinberg strikes thin air with his iPhone. A pal nearby swings his Nokia smartphone back and forth, adding a rippling bass line. A third phone-waving friend sprinkles piano and guitar phrases on top. Weinberg’s trio (三重唱) are using software that turns ordinary cellphones into musical instruments. “People can play on their own, but we are more excited about them jamming like a band.” says Weinberg, a music technologist at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta. Commuters regularly bombarded (轰击) with tinny recorded music played on other passengers phones might not share his enthusiasm, but air guitarists and would-be drummers will probably be delighted. Weinberg claims his smart gesture-recognition software will democratize music-making as never before. “With the right tools, everyone can be creative and expressive musically — even if they don’t know anything about music theory,” he says. The software, named ZoozBeats and launched this week, monitors a phone’s motion and plays a corresponding sound. For example, you might play a rhythm based on a snare drum by beating the air with the phone as if it’s a drumstick. Or you could strum with it to play a sequence of guitar chords. The software runs on a wide range of phones because it uses many different ways to sense gestures. The obvious way is to use the accelerometers built into small devices like the Apple iPhone and Nokia smartphone. But ZoozBeats can also cause sounds when the view through a phone’s camera lens changes rapidly, or generate a beat or bass line from simple taps on the mobile’s microphone. Of course, people who aren’t well skillful in music-making are more likely to make unpleasant noises than beautiful melodies, so ZoozBeats incorporates a system called Musical Wizard to make sure their musical decisions are harmonious. It won’t do everything, though. The system has been built to ensure that practice still makes perfect: “The big challenge was not to make it sound OK whatever you do,” says Weinberg. “It will fit, but not perfectly, so you can still learn to improve the music yourself.” ZoozBeats comes with instruments for three types of music: rock, techno and hip hop. It also allows users to produce vocal effects by singing into the phone and will be downloadable in two versions. One of these will be for solo use, the other a Bluetooth networkable version that supports jamming by groups of people using the Musical Wizard to keep everybody’s input melodious. 46．Some commuters might not be delighted in others cellphone music in that ______. A．they are not interested in the tinny recorded music B．They couldn’t identify with the music made by the software C．they are fed up with the unwanted music played on the cellphones D．they are more interested in jamming like a band than playing solo 47．By saying the “software will democratize music-making as never before” (Paragraph 2). Weinberg means that ______ A．this software will help more ordinary people to be creative and expressive. B．music-making will be accessible to all the people because of this software. C．music-making will gain popularity among the people due to this software. D．this software can allow everybody to make perfect melody by themselves. 48．According to the 3rd paragraph, the examples cited here show that ______ A．people could use the phone as a drumstick to play a rhythm. B．Our smartphone could be used to play a sequence of guitar chords. C．ZoozBeats could trigger sounds by sensing the change of the view. D．ZoozBeats makes various sounds by monitoring how phone is moved. 49．What can be inferred about Musical Wizard according to Paragraph 4? A．It is used to help people make all the musical decisions perfectly. B．it makes it possible for ordinary people to make harmonious melodies. C．It dismisses the necessity. to practice until you can create perfect music. D．It keeps the music lover from learning to improve the music themselves. 50．An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be ______ A．The Musical Wizard System. B．A New Music-making Instrument. C．Blessed are Music-making Lovers. D．Music Played on the Cellphone. 【答案】46．C 47．B 48．D 49．B 50．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一款名为ZoozBeats的软件，它利用手势识别技术将手机变成乐器，使普通音乐爱好者能创造音乐。 46．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Commuters regularly bombarded (轰击) with tinny recorded music played on other passengers phones might not share his enthusiasm, but air guitarists and would-be drummers will probably be delighted. (经常受到其他乘客手机播放的刺耳录音音乐轰炸的通勤者可能无法分享他的热情，但空气吉他手和潜在的鼓手们可能会很高兴。)”可知，他们受够了手机上播放的无用音乐，所以可能不喜欢别人的手机音乐。故选C。 47．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Weinberg claims his smart gesture-recognition software will democratize music-making as never before. “With the right tools, everyone can be creative and expressive musically — even if they don’t know anything about music theory,” he says. (温伯格声称，他的智能手势识别软件将让音乐创作变得前所未有的民主化。“有了合适的工具，每个人都可以在音乐上变得有创造力和表现力——即使他们对音乐理论一无所知，”他说。)”可知，他的意思是这款软件将使音乐创作对所有的人都触手可及。故选B。 48．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“The software, named ZoozBeats and launched this week, monitors a phone’s motion and plays a corresponding sound. For example, you might play a rhythm based on a snare drum by beating the air with the phone as if it’s a drumstick. Or you could strum with it to play a sequence of guitar chords. The software runs on a wide range of phones because it uses many different ways to sense gestures. The obvious way is to use the accelerometers built into small devices like the Apple iPhone and Nokia smartphone. But ZoozBeats can also cause sounds when the view through a phone’s camera lens changes rapidly, or generate a beat or bass line from simple taps on the mobile’s microphone. (这款名为ZoozBeats的软件于本周发布，它可以监测手机的运动并播放相应的声音。例如，你可以通过像拿鼓槌一样在空中挥动手机来演奏基于小军鼓的节奏。或者，你也可以用它来弹奏一系列的吉他和弦。该软件可以在多种手机上运行，因为它使用了多种方式来感知手势。最明显的方式是利用像苹果iPhone和诺基亚智能手机等小型设备内置的加速度计。但ZoozBeats还可以在手机的摄像头镜头视角快速变化时发出声音，或者通过轻敲手机的麦克风来产生节奏或低音旋律。)”可知，这里所举的例子就是为了说明ZoozBeats可以通过监测手机的运动来发出各种声音。故选D。 49．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Of course, people who aren’t well skillful in music-making are more likely to make unpleasant noises than beautiful melodies, so ZoozBeats incorporates a system called Musical Wizard to make sure their musical decisions are harmonious. (当然，不擅长制作音乐的人更有可能制造出难听的噪音而不是美妙的旋律，所以ZoozBeats融入了一个名为Musical Wizard的系统，以确保他们的音乐选择是和谐的。)”可知，可以推断出Musical Wizard可以让普通人制作出和谐的旋律。故选B。 50．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“Weinberg claims his smart gesture-recognition software will democratize music-making as never before. “With the right tools, everyone can be creative and expressive musically — even if they don’t know anything about music theory,” he says. (温伯格声称，他的智能手势识别软件将让音乐创作变得前所未有的民主化。“有了合适的工具，每个人都可以在音乐上变得有创造力和表现力——即使他们对音乐理论一无所知，”他说。)”可知，本文介绍了一款名为ZoozBeats的软件，它利用手势识别技术将手机变成乐器，使普通音乐爱好者能创造音乐。选项C“Blessed are Music-making Lovers. (音乐爱好者有福了)”符合题意。故选C。 Passage 3 （2024-2025 学年高三上・八校联考・期末） Qin Xiaoya, a virtual figure playing a young female role in Qinqiang Opera, has caught people’s attention since it made its debut (首次登台) in an art festival in Xi’ an, capital of Northwest China’s Shaanxi Province. The design team employed 3D modeling to copy the original clothes and accessories (配饰) of the virtual actress. “To make her true to life, we went to great effort to reproduce her gestures and decorations with the real voice of the opera performer,” said Zhang Xi, a team member. Qinqiang Opera, a Chinese folk opera originating in the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC-771BC), continues to thrive in a vast region of Northwest China and was added to the country’s intangible cultural heritage list in 2006. As a newcomer to this ancient art, Qin Xiaoya demonstrates a youthful image. In a music video for the Ninth China Qinqiang Opera Arts Festival held in June, she performed Qinqiang Opera remixed with rock’ n’ roll, fueling the interest of young people. “Though creating such a figure is not easy, we made the expression of this character accurate and vivid, by using high standard technological methods” Zhang said. “We hope to make her a spokesperson for Qinqiang Opera art and make related cartoons, movies and other diversified products in the future,” said Zhang, adding that they are developing more functions for the virtual figure, who is expected to interact with citizens via livestreaming. The technology that is applied into the opera can also be found among cinematic techniques. Tapping her fingers to the rhythm of the music and singing along with actors, Xiao Jie, a 59-year-old opera fan, enjoys a 3D Qinqiang Opera film Three Drops of Blood. Regarded as a masterpiece in Qinqiang Opera, Three Drops of Blood, created in 1918 and deeply critical of pedantic bureaucrats (迂腐的官僚主义) in feudal society, has been often frequented by fans over the past century. “I watched a black-and-white film of the opera when I was young. At this time, watching it in a3D form is truly intriguing. The 3D film make the centuries-old art take on a new look — we can have a closer and clearer look at the performance,” said Xiao. Chinese operas have long historical ties to movies, for example, the first movie in China, The Battle of Dingjunshan, screened in 1905, was adapted from clips from Peking Opera. 46．The author mentions Qin Xiaoya at the beginning of the passage to introduce ______. A．a new real performer of Qinqiang Opera. B．the application of technology in the art of Qinqiang Opera. C．the origin of Qinqiang Opera. D．the relationship between Qinqiang Opera and movies. 47．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Qin Xiaoya is a figure from Western Zhou Dynasty. B．Qinqiang Opera originates in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. C．Qin Xiaoya’s performance in June combined Qin Opera with rock music. D．Qin Xiaoya shows the image of a middle-aged person. 48．What does the underlined word “diversified” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．various B．appealing C．elegant D．tasteless 49．What can be inferred from Xiao Jie? A．He finds the rhythm of the film hard to follow. B．He thinks the theme of the passage should be critical. C．He is totally intrigued by the 3D film. D．He suggests audience to appear in 3D cinema frequently. 50．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Technology elements in Qinqiang opera are welcomed by senior fans. B．Qinqiang opera is adapted from Peking Opera. C．Qinqiang opera is a bond between the old and the young. D．Technology makes Qinqiang opera show a new look. 【答案】46．B 47．C 48．A 49．C 50．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。虚拟人物秦小娅首登艺术节，团队用 3D 等技术塑造她。秦腔结合摇滚等吸引年轻人，3D 电影也让其焕新，科技让秦腔展新貌。 46．推理判断题。根据第二段“The design team employed 3D modeling to copy the original clothes and accessories (配饰) of the virtual actress. ‘To make her true to life, we went to great effort to reproduce her gestures and decorations with the real voice of the opera performer,’ said Zhang Xi, a team member.(设计团队采用 3D 建模技术来复制这位虚拟女演员的原版服装和配饰。团队成员张曦说：‘为了让她栩栩如生，我们付出了巨大努力，用戏曲演员的真实声音重现她的手势和装饰。’)” 可知，文章开头提到虚拟人物秦小娅是为了引出科技在秦腔艺术中的应用。故选B项。 47．细节理解题。根据第四段“In a music video for the Ninth China Qinqiang Opera Arts Festival held in June, she performed Qinqiang Opera remixed with rock’ n’ roll, fueling the interest of young people.(在 6 月举行的第九届中国秦腔艺术节的音乐视频中，她表演了与摇滚乐混音的秦腔，激发了年轻人的兴趣。)”可知，秦小娅在6月的表演中将秦腔与摇滚音乐相结合。故选C项。 48．词句猜测题。根据第六段“We hope to make her a spokesperson for Qinqiang Opera art and make related cartoons, movies and other diversified products in the future,(我们希望让她成为秦腔艺术的代言人，并在未来制作相关的卡通、电影和其他 产品)”可知，此处表示要制作多种相关产品，所以diversified意思是“多样的”，与various意思相近。故选A项。 49．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“‘I watched a black-and-white film of the opera when I was young. At this time, watching it in a 3D form is truly intriguing. The 3D film make the centuries-old art take on a new look — we can have a closer and clearer look at the performance,’ said Xiao.（肖杰说：‘我年轻时看过这部戏曲的黑白电影。现在，以 3D 形式观看它真的很有趣。3D 电影让这一有着几百年历史的艺术焕然一新 —— 我们可以更近距离、更清晰地观看表演。’）”可知，肖杰被3D电影完全吸引了。故选C项。 50．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第一段“Qin Xiaoya, a virtual figure playing a young female role in Qinqiang Opera, has caught people’s attention since it made its debut (首次登台) in an art festival in Xi’ an, capital of Northwest China’s Shaanxi Province.(秦腔中扮演年轻女性角色的虚拟人物秦小雅，自从在中国西北部陕西省省会西安的一个艺术节上首次亮相以来，就引起了人们的注意。)”可知，文章通过介绍虚拟人物秦小娅以及3D秦腔电影《三滴血》，展示了科技在秦腔中的应用，使秦腔呈现出新面貌。故选D项。 Passage 4 （2024-2025 学年高三上・河西区・期末） Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流). Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way——by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years’ experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes — about 60,000 in total — fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn’t. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents. The Pacific Northwest is one of the world’s best areas for beachcombing (海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1, 600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study. As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves. 46．The underlined phrase “swap meets” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______________. A．fitting rooms B．trading fairs C．business talks D．group meetings 47．Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out _____________. A．what caused the shipping accident B．when and where the shoes went missing C．whether it was all right to use their shoes D．how much they lost in the shipping accident 48．How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption? A．By collecting information from beachcombers. B．By studying the shoes found by beachcomber. C．By searching the web for ocean currents models. D．By researching ocean currents data in the library. 49．Ebbesmeyer is most famous for ________. A．traveling widely the coastal cities of the world B．making records for any lost objects on the sea C．running a global currents research association D．phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea 50．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To call people’s attention to ocean pollution. B．To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean. C．To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents. D．To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach. 【答案】46．B 47．C 48．A 49．D 50．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了海洋科学家Curtis Ebbesmeyer的一种独特研究洋流的方法——根据海上的漂浮物来研究洋流。 他通过寻问海洋搜寻，请他们帮忙来收集漂浮物的信息，用这些信息资料他做实验和研究，不断完善洋流模型的电脑程序设计，然后出版他的研究结果。 46．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear(试着搭配左右鞋来出售或穿)”可知人们要试穿或卖这些鞋，故推测这是在进行一个交易会，划线词“swap meets”的意思是“交易会”，和trading fairs意思相近，故选B。 47．推理判断题。根据第二段“As expected, the company told him that they didn’t. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.(不出所料，该公司告诉他他们没有。埃比斯梅尔意识到这可能是一个伟大的实验。如果他知道鞋子是何时何地下水的，并追踪它们降落的位置，他就能了解很多洋流的模式。)”可知，Ebbesmeyer打电话最根本的目的是询问是否可以使用他们的鞋子，故选C。 48．细节理解题。根据第三段“Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed.(Ebbesmeyer认识了他们中的很多人，并请他们帮忙收集关于鞋子落在哪里的信息。)”可知，Ebbesmeyer通过从海滩清查员那里收集信息来证明他的假设，故选A。 49．细节理解题。由第四段第一句“Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean(Ebbesmeyer是一位著名的科学家，他会就海洋中发现的任何不寻常物体提出问题)”可知，Ebbesmeyer以打电话询问海上任何可疑物体而闻名，故选D。 50．推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流). Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way——by studying movements of random floating garbage.(今天的科学家们正努力研究洋流。大多数人使用卫星和其他高科技设备。然而，海洋专家Curtis Ebbesmeyer用一种特殊的方式——通过研究漂浮垃圾的随机运动。)”可知，本文的目的是解释研究洋流的独特方法。故选C。 主题02 人与社会——历史社会与文化 （2024-2025 学年高三上・和平区・期末） China’s video game industry is making headlines with the upcoming release of Black Myth: Wukong, developed-by Hangzhou-based Game Science. Planned for launch on PlayStation 5 and PC on August 20 (with an Xbox Series version also in development), this action RPG draws inspiration from the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West. Players control a character resembling the Monkey King, Sun Wukong, and experience impressive visuals and combat scenes influenced by Chinese folktales. The game has generated significant excitement, evident from the long queues at Gamescom and even instances of people breaking into Game Science’s offices seeking employment. The significance of Black Myth: Wukong lies in its potential impact on China’s gaming ranking, which traditionally has not been known for producing high-profile single-player console games (单人主机游戏) due to historical console bans lasting until 2015. Instead, Chinese companies have focused on PC and mobile games. The game’s success could signal a shift towards premium (高端的), single-player experiences in China, potentially influencing local players to embrace upfront payment models rather than free-to-play systems with monetization mechanics like gacha (抽卡游戏机制), as seen in games such as Genshin Impact. Despite its potential, the international reputation of Chinese games is mixed. While Genshin Impact achieved global success, it faced criticism for its monetization approach. Black Myth: Wukong is positioned as a traditional premium title with a one-time purchase fee, and it could pave the way for more high-quality single-player games from China. Xuan Li, CEO of Thermite Games, is optimistic about the game’s success opening doors for similar premium games in China Chenyu Cui from Omdia also sees Black Myth: Wukong as a potential growth driver for the PC market in China, crediting this to its high-quality graphics and the international trending. However, the game’s launch has been ruined by controversy. In November 2023, IGN reported alleged sexism (性别歧视指控) $ 专题05 阅读理解（说明文与议论文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2024-2025 学年高三上・西青区・期末） Just after hatching, many birds learn to identify and follow the first moving object they encounter — a process called imprinting (印记行为、印随) , which can offer protection in the wild as it helps them stay near a parent. It doesn’t take much visual information for a bird to learn to prefer one object and follow it. Researchers wanted to know whether AI models called transformers could do a similar task with limited inputs. Transformers are generic (普通的) learning systems that can be trained to perform a wide variety of tasks, making them useful in both AI chatbots such as ChatGPT and in computer vision applications, such as autonomous car navigation. “To directly compare learning algorithms (算法) to brains, we need to train them on the same experiences,” says Samantha Wood at Indiana University Bloomington. She first raised chicks (小鸡) in a box where the only visual stimulation (仿造物) came from a rotating 3D object presented on a screen. After the first week, she ran each chick through hundreds of test trials that showed that same object on one screen-presented from both familiar and unfamiliar perspectives — and displayed a second unfamiliar object on another screen. The chicks spent more of their time near the first object, suggesting they had imprinted on it. The researcher then created a virtual simulation of the set-up and used a virtual agent to move through it while looking around and recording a first-person view. That provided tens of thousands of simulated images for training and evaluating four transformer models. The AI models had just 300 milliseconds to learn from each simulated image — approximating how long biological neurons (神经元) fire after being presented with an image. The researcher found that the AIs could learn to recognise a 3D object as quickly and accurately as the chicks. The study is “a great piece of work” in comparing machine performance with biological brains, says Antone Martinho-Truswell at the University of Sydney. But he also notes, “We might be able to say that the chick ‘saw’ its imprinting object, but that will have a component of experience to it. Particularly as imprinting is to do with identifying its mother, it would be unsurprising if that visual experience were combined with a range of other components of experience: fear changing to comfort, for example, as the chick comes to regard the object as its imprinted ‘mother’.” 46．Why do newborn birds engage in imprinting? A．To stay near their parents. B．To learn how to find food. C．To adapt to various environments. D．To distinguish different bird species. 47．How did Samantha Wood conduct the initial experiment with chicks? A．She introduced them to various sounds. B．She let them interact with other chicks. C．She placed them in a natural environment. D．She showed them a moving 3D object in a box. 48．What did the test trials indicate about the chicks’ behavior? A．They preferred the familiar object. B．They were afraid of the imprinted object. C．They confused the imprinted object with others. D．They showed no preference for the imprinted object. 49．What role did the virtual simulation play in the research? A．It provided images for training AI models. B．It helped chicks learn more effectively. C．It replaced the use of real chicks. D．It tested the AI models’ navigation skills. 50．What’s challenging about comparing AI to biological brains? A．Creating identical physical structures. B．Matching their processing speeds. C．The complexity and diversity of biological experiences. D．Ensuring they have the same visual inputs. Passage 2 （2024-2025 学年高三上・西青区・期末） Many people believe that multitasking is an efficient way to get more done in less time, assuming it boosts productivity in both personal and professional lives. This common perception suggests that handling multiple tasks at once allows individuals to maximize their time. However, research and real-world examples suggest that this belief might be misguided. Supporters of multitasking claim that it allows people to combine various activities into a smooth workflow, potentially resulting in improved time management. For example, a student might prepare for an exam while listening to music, thinking it helps them stay focused, or a professional might answer emails during a conference call, believing it makes their workday more efficient. The concept is that by handling multiple tasks at once, one can achieve more within the same time frame. However, numerous studies have shown that multitasking often has the opposite effect. Research conducted by Stanford University found that people who frequently multitask are actually less efficient at handling multiple tasks than those who focus on one task at a time. These multitaskers struggle to organize thoughts and ignore unnecessary information, leading to decreased productivity. The American Psychological Association also notes that the cognitive cost of switching tasks can consume up to 40% of productive time, which significantly undermines efficiency. Real-world examples show the negative aspects of multitasking. A driver texting while navigating traffic is more likely to have an accident due to divided attention. Similarly, an employee constantly switching between tasks may produce lower quality work and take longer to complete projects. In contrast, companies that encourage focused work periods, such as using the Pomodoro Technique, report improved productivity and job satisfaction among employees. To truly embrace single-tasking, several strategies can be applied. Prioritizing tasks by urgency and importance is key, using tools like Trello or Asana to track progress. Techniques such as the Pomodoro Technique, which involves working on a single task for 25 minutes followed by a short break, help maintain focus and prevent burnout. Minimizing distractions is also crucial. Establishing “quiet hours” for focused work without interruptions, and setting specific times for checking emails, can help maintain concentration. Additionally, building a workplace culture that values quality over quantity encourages thorough task completion. Reevaluating our approach to productivity is essential. As more people recognize the benefits of focused work, a shift towards more effective task management may occur, leading to better outcomes for individuals and organizations alike. By putting these strategies into action, we can build a work environment that is more productive and rewarding. 51．What do many people believe about multitasking according to the first paragraph? A．It reduces stress. B．It enhances creativity C．It improves social skills. D．It boosts productivity. 52．What do supporters of multitasking believe it helps achieve? A．Better teamwork. B．Improved time management. C．Enhanced focus. D．Greater relaxation. 53．What does the underline word “undermines” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Reduces. B．Measures. C．Achieves. D．Encourages. 54．What is one impact of multitasking mentioned in the fourth paragraph? A．It improves job satisfaction. B．It reduces task completion time. C．It causes divided attention. D．It increases productivity. 55．What is the author’s intention in writing this passage? A．To describe the history of multitasking. B．To explain how to multitask effectively. C．To share personal experiences with multitasking. D．To present research on the downsides of multitasking. Passage 3 （2024-2025 学年高三上・南开区・期末） Sometimes a person loses a sense in-early childhood. Then their brain develops in a dramatically different way. Parts of the brain that are usually used for the lost sense will begin to respond to the remaining senses. This is neuroplasticity: your brain’s ability to reorganize itself. Researchers wanted to know how the brain responds to moving sounds. Does it work differently for sighted people than for people who have been blind since early childhood? Their experiment tested how people separate a moving sound from background noise. Your brain often has to separate important details from distractions. It is easy to listen to someone talk in a quiet room, but hard to listen when many people are talking at once. Researchers recruited (招募) 8 sighted participants with normal vision and 8 early blind participants. Researchers mixed a recording of a sound moving from one side to the other with random bursts of static noise (静电噪音). Participants listened to the mixture of noise and sounds. They tried to tell what direction the sound was moving in. Each participant did the test 6,000 times! Their results suggest that early blind people are very good at tuning out background noise. Researchers can guess this is probably true for people born blind, too. This might be because they have lots of practice using sound to identify motion. Another reason may be neuroplasticity. The brain does a lot of reorganizing itself during early childhood. Maybe parts of the brain that are normally used for vision get used for hearing instead. When a person loses a sense, they do not suddenly receive super senses. It can be frustrating for a blind person when people assume that. Being blind doesn’t mean they will have an amazing sense of smell or hearing. It is a myth (荒诞的说法) that the loss of one sense makes the others stronger. Blind people have the same kind of ears as sighted people — so they aren’t any better at hearing quiet sounds. However, they do learn to expertly use sound to navigate (导航) the world. So, there is a bit of truth in the myth — the brain does learn how to use the other senses more skillfully. It is amazing how the brain can adapt! 46．According to Paragraph 1, what happens if a person loses a sense as a child? A．The brain starts to re-identify itself. B．The brain will have the ability to reorganize itself. C．The relevant part of the brain responds to the rest of the senses. D．Parts of the brain stop developing dramatically. 47．According to Paragraph 2, what’s the purpose of the experiment? A．To test how people separate a moving sound from background noise. B．To know the difference between the sighted and the blind. C．To figure out how the brain responds to moving sounds. D．To help brain separate important details from distractions. 48．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．The author wants to illustrate the difficulty of the whole experiment. B．The author wants to emphasize the importance of experiment. C．The author wants us to know how many people participated in the experiment. D．The author wants to introduce the method of experiment to us. 49．What conclusion can be drawn from Paragraph 4? A．Neuroplasticity helps the brain adapt to early loss of vision. B．The myth that the loss of one sense makes the others stronger is entirely true. C．Blind people have the same ears as normal people. D．People who lose their sight early are good at ignoring background noise. 50．What could be the best title for the passage? A．What is Neuroplasticity? B．The Loss of One Sense Makes the Others Stronger C．How Does the Brain Adapt to Blindness? D．Our Brain Develops in A Dramatically Different Way Passage 4 （2024-2025 学年高三上・南开区・期末） Fish often travel in schools. How and why each fish does what it does is what makes their schooling so puzzling to scientists. Now scientists think they have a clue as to why schooling is so common. It saves the fish energy—lots of energy. A new study has compared the energy a fish uses as it swims. And moving in a school reduced the energy a fish used by more than half compared to when it swam alone, it found. “The whole idea of measuring what it costs animals to move is an important one,” says George Lauder, a fish biologist at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and an author of the new study. Many physiologists have been looking into this for years, he notes. “This is the first paper, I think, that’s really measured that comprehensively.” Lauder and Zhang, also at Harvard, worked with giant danio, small fish that love to swim. Sometimes the team put eight at a time into a water tank shaped a bit like a racetrack. Other times, they just put in a single fish. The danio didn’t loop (绕圈) around the tank like race cars. Instead, they swam in one spot, like a runner on a treadmill (跑步机), as a motor pushed the tank’s water around, creating a current. As the fish swam, a special device called a respirometer (呼吸器) measured how much oxygen they used. Oxygen helps to fuel muscles. For example, people who sprint (短跑) use a lot of oxygen. Afterward, they often need a few minutes to recover and catch their breath. Here, the researchers used oxygen as a gauge (测量标准) of how much energy the fish used to swim in place. Researchers filmed giant danio in an experimental flow tank to study their movements and energy use. To make them swim fast—like a sprinter—the researchers increased the speed of the circulating water current. When they slowed the water, the fish slowed too. Schooling fish used less oxygen than when they swam alone. And, they took less time to recover from a sprint. In other words, they had an easier time “catching their breath” after schooling. By schooling, fish can save their energy for other important things, says Frank Fish. He works at West Chester University in Pennsylvania, where he studies the dynamics of motion in animals. For instance, if fish are young, they can put that energy into growth. As adults, they can use it to reproduce or to avoid predators (捕食者). 51．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A．raise a question. B．make a comparison. C．propose a definition. D．present an argument. 52．According to Paragraph 2, what is the key to the study? A．Reducing the energy a fish uses while swimming. B．How to force the fish to swim in schools. C．Measuring the cost of animal movement. D．How to measure fish swimming habits comprehensively. 53．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Giant danio loves to swim in circle. B．It was no way to measure how much oxygen the danio consumed. C．The danio usually swam in a fixed spot. D．The danio used little energy while sprinting. 54．What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 4? A．To stress the necessity of this experiment. B．To clarify the experimental method and result. C．To suggest a way to measure the energy used by fish. D．To emphasize the importance of the experiment. 55．What makes the best title for the passage? A．An Experiment with Giant Danio. B．Swimming in Schools Lets Fish Save Lots of Energy. C．How does Giant Danio Swim? D．Giant Danio Likes Travelling in Schools. Passage 5 （2024-2025 学年高三上・红桥区・期末） In recent times, with the emergence of electric cars, the concept of powering them with solar energy has also started picking up steam. Electric cars—even though they run on electricity and don’t use fossil(化石) fuels—are still NOT GREEN! People suffer from the misconception that not using fossil fuel means “green” which is kind of ridiculous, considering the electricity we use is generated by burning the very same fuels! However, what if your car had solar panels that could charge it? Now that would indeed be a green machine! Basically, as much as we would like to incorporate this energy source into our car, the efficiency of the currently used solar panels is subject to the fulfillment of different criteria. Firstly, solar panels occupy a large amount of area. An average car has an area of 10-25 sq. ft. on the roof, which can generate between 50-150W under ideal conditions. This is hardly enough power to light a small bulb! Also, moderate sunny temperature needs to be ideal, as extremely high temperatures can reduce the efficiency of the solar panels. Cars must work in all weather conditions, so if a solar panel limits the car’s functionality, it becomes practically useless. More importantly, the cost of the panels and development required to power the electronics using the sun’s energy outweighs the benefits that solar panels provide. Most cars today that have solar roofs, use the solar energy to power only a few basic functions of the car. While there is still time before we will be able to drive cars fully powered by solar energy, there are some alternatives, such as solar power stations, which are being designed to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels for electricity. Solar-powered vehicles are surely the future, but not the near future. As the cost of solar panels continues to fall and their efficiency increases, things will begin to look much “brighter” for this alternative and sustainable option! 46．Why aren’t electric cars environmentally friendly? A．They won’t work as well as the common cars. B．They are not powered by solar energy. C．They cause more pollution to the world. D．They run on electricity produced by burning fuels. 47．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．Temperatures have little effect on solar panels. B．Powering the electronics costs little. C．A car’s roof generates enough power to light a bulb. D．The performance of current solar panels depends on various factors. 48．What can we infer about solar energy in the car industry? A．Most cars have solar roofs. B．Cars can be currently powered from solar power stations. C．Cars partly powered by solar energy are on the road. D．Solar cars will soon be available. 49．What is the passage mainly about? A．The advancements in solar power technology for cars. B．Understanding the concept of ‘green’ energy in cars. C．The challenges and prospects of solar-powered cars. D．The role of solar power stations in automobile industry. 50．What is the author’s attitude towards solar-powered vehicles? A．The author is cautious but optimistic about solar-powered vehicles. B．The author is extremely enthusiastic about solar-powered vehicles. C．The author is negative and thinks solar-powered vehicles are impractical. D．The author is indifferent to the idea of solar-powered vehicles. Passage 6 （2024-2025 学年高三上・河东区・期末） Over the past decade, the 45-or 60-minute workout has become a standard for fitness lovers. However, new research suggests that instead of it, we can adjust our weekly exercise time to 150 minutes of moderate activity, 75 minutes of vigorous activity, or a combination of the two. How is it possible that exercising for a section of the time can deliver the same results as a longer workout? Martin Freud at McMaster University may have the answer. “Exercise activates certain metabolic (新陈代谢的) pathways — think of them as the fuel gauges (油量表) on your car,” explains Freud. “When you exercise, your energy reserves start to decline, which is like the fuel gauges going down toward ‘empty’. That triggers the lights on the dashboard to come on, which translates to the activation of your body responses: New blood vessels are formed, the heart becomes a stronger pump, and the muscle gets better at using oxygen to produce energy.” “Continuous and moderate exercise has fuel gauges going down slowly,” says Freud. “But you can also turn on those metabolic pathways with short, hard bursts of exercise that cause a sudden drop of fuel.” In the research, two groups started workouts with a two-minute warm-up and finished with a three-minute cooldown. In between, Group 1 rode a bike continuously for 45 minutes at a moderate intensity, while Group 2 did three rounds that each involved a 20-second all-out ride followed by two minutes of slow recovery pedaling. After 12 weeks of doing these workouts three times a week, the scientists found the same physiological improvements, including improved oxygen uptake efficiency and cardio-respiratory function (心肺功能), in both groups — even though one had 27 total hours of riding and the other had a mere six. Besides, a short workout doesn’t have to be structured. People can perform exercise “snacks” like vigorously climbing 60 steps of stairs three times a day, leaving one to four hours between climbs for recovery, which significantly improves their health conditions. Joe Holder, a fitness specialist, has championed the idea of exercise snacking. “Exercise snacking is more about lifting your base level of health and keeping up with general movements. You can actually get much stronger, faster or fitter with these daily workouts,” he said. 46．What is the focus of the new research? A．The variety of exercise. B．The duration of exercise. C．The function of exercise. D．The benefit of exercise. 47．What is the function of Paragraph 3? A．Analyzing the function of metabolic pathways. B．Illustrating the advantages exercise brings to us. C．Showing the similarity between human bodies and cars. D．Explaining the changes of bodies when people exercise. 48．What can we learn about the study? A．Group 1 can snack while doing exercise. B．Group 2 can skip warm-up and cooldown. C．Group 1 has double exercise time compared to Group 2. D．Both groups have improved their health conditions. 49．What does underlined word “championed” in the last paragraph mean? A．Supported. B．Confirmed. C．Opposed. D．Neglected. 50．Which of the following statements about exercise is right according to the passage? A．Long workouts are no longer necessary for achieving fitness goals. B．Moderate exercise for 45-60 minutes remains the optimal choice for fitness. C．The intensity of exercise is more important than its duration for improving health. D．Structured workouts are essential for significant improvements in health. Passage 7 （2024-2025 学年高三上・五区县・期末） Is It Worth Buying Organic Food? Organic food, grown without artificial chemicals, is increasingly popular nowadays. Consumers have been willing to pay up to twice as much for goods with organic labels. However, if you think paying a little more for organic food gets you a more nutritious and safer product, you might want to save your money. A study led by researchers at Stanford University says that organic products aren’t necessarily more nutritious, and they’re no less likely to suffer from disease-causing bacteria, either. The latest results, published in the Annuals of Internal Medicine, suggest that buyers may be wasting their money. “We did not find strong evidence that organic food is more nutritious or healthier,” says Dr. Crystal Smith-Spangler from Stanford. “So consumers shouldn’t assume that one type of food has a lower risk or is safer.” For their new study, Smith-Spangler and her colleagues conducted a review of two categories of research, including 17 studies that compared health outcomes between consumers of organic against traditional food products, and 223 studies that analyzed the nutritional content of the foods, including key vitamins, minerals and fats. While the researchers found little difference in nutritional content, they did find that organic fruit and vegetables were 20% less likely to have chemicals remaining on the surfaces. Neither organic nor traditional foods showed levels of chemicals high enough to go beyond food safety standards. And both organic and traditional meats, such as chicken and pork, were equally likely to be harmed by bacteria at very low rates. The researchers did find that organic milk and chicken contained higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids, a healthy fat also found in fish that can reduce the risk of heart disease. However, these nutritional differences were too small, and the researchers were unwilling to make much of them until further studies confirm the trends. Organic food is produced with fewer chemicals and more natural-growing practices, but that doesn’t always translate into a more nutritious or healthier product. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) states that “Whether you buy organic or not, finding the freshest foods available may have the biggest effect on taste.” Fresh food is at least as good as anything marketed as organic. 45．The new research questions whether organic food ________. A．should replace traditional food B．has been overpriced by farmers C．is grown with less harmful chemicals D．is really more nutritious and healthier 46．How did Smith-Spangler and her colleague conduct their new study? A．They conducted experiments to grow organic and traditional foods. B．They conducted experiments to analyze the nutritional content of the foods. C．They reviewed previous studies to examine health outcomes and nutritious content. D．They collected data by surveying consumers of organic and traditional food products. 47．Smith Spangler and her colleagues found that ________. A．organic food could reduce the risk of heart disease B．traditional food was grown with more natural methods C．both organic and traditional food they examined were safe D．there was not a presence of any forms of bacteria in organic food 48．Which of the following is relatively healthier according to the passage? A．Organic chicken and pork. B．Organic milk and chicken. C．Traditional chicken and pork. D．Traditional fruit and vegetables. 49．What is the author’s attitude toward organic food? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unconcerned. D．Approving. 主题02 人与社会——历史社会与文化 （2024-2025 学年高三上・河西区・期末） It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics. In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the decline of class and classless society in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class. But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification. One unchanging aspect of a British person’s class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice. Most people said this accent sounded educated and soft. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional (地区的) city accents. These accents were seen as common and ugly. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice. In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song Common People puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may want to live like common people they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life. 51．A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain _______. A．it is time to end class distinction B．most people belong to middle class C．it is easy to recognize a person’s class D．people regard themselves socially different 52．The underlined word “stratification” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______. A．variety B．class differentiation C．authority D．qualification 53．The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as_______. A．regional B．educated C．prejudiced D．unattractive 54．British attitudes towards accent _______. A．don’t show person’s class position B．are based on regional status C．are shared by the Americans D．have changed in recent years 55．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The middle class is expanding. B．A person’s accent reflects his class. C．Class is a key part of British society. D．Each class has unique characteristics. 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2024-2025 学年高三上・红桥区・期末） Courage is a highly admired virtue. When asked to describe courage, most people conjure up (脑中浮现) the image of an individual running into a burning building, or maybe a hero saving the world. But there's another form of bravery that's much more important because it comes up more often. It's called moral courage. Moral courage is the ability that allows us to face our fears and to conquer our darkest fears. It’s the ability to face the future without knowing what is certain. It’s the ability to stand tall and confront those who oppose us, those who prevent us from realizing who we are and what we are. But most importantly, it’s the ability to stand up for what’s right, even though there are risks that stand in your way. Sara Anderson once said that "It takes great courage to faithfully follow what we know to be true." The potential of showing moral courage has the power of changing the world. It was because of the moral courage that Mahatma Gandhi was able to make India free from British rule. He fought bravely against them without the use of any weapon by presenting great moral courage. In this way, he also became a great example for the people of the whole world. It is not that we remember Gandhi because of his body or beauty. We remember him because of the great ideas and principles of his life. Moral courage is essential not only for a noble life, but a happy one. Without moral courage, we have no control over our lives. Our fears destroy our spirit and make us trapped in depression. Mark Twain said, “Courage is not the absence of fear but the resistance of fear, the mastery of fear.” If our fears cause us to lose confidence in the power of virtue, we will lose something very precious. People with moral courage rarely get medals, but it is the best marker of true character and a virtue others can be proud of. We must try to develop the power of moral courage that will surely help in ending injustice and wrong and grant us a better world. 51．What is the main function of Paragraph 1? A．To make a comparison. B．To propose a definition. C．To introduce the subject. D．To provide the background. 52．In the author’s view, moral courage is not _________. A．the willingness to face and conquer fears B．the capacity to stick to what is right C．the ability to confront opponents D．the desire to control whoever opposes you 53．What does the example of Mahatma Gandhi tell us? A．Moral courage can make a difference to the world. B．Moral courage makes people faithfully follow the truth. C．Moral courage is essential for leading a happy life. D．Moral courage restricts great ideas and principles. 54．What can be inferred from Mark Twain’s words? A．Courage is being brave without any fear. B．Courage is a spirit to overcome the fear. C．Having a fear can limit our future lives. D．Fear can stop us from achieving our goals. 55．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．To end injustice and wrong. B．To pursue excellent virtues. C．To strengthen moral courage. D．To create a better world. Passage 2 （2024-2025 学年高三上・河东区・期末） Who doesn’t love a compliment? Take it from the father of psychology, Sigmund Freud, who concluded that we all possess a certain level of narcissism (自恋) from birth. According to Freud, humans are born with a need for approval and encouragement. It’s no wonder that we all love a good ego boost. In fact, we can even link compliments to our personal identity. According to Mark L. Knapp, an interpersonal communication expert, when someone else compliments us on something we’re good at, we incorporate that into how we see ourselves. Many people even actively seek out compliments to further strengthen that image. Even though compliments can’t pay the bills, they can make you feel like a million bucks. Scientists have found compliments can light up the same part of the brain that gets activated when you receive a monetary reward. This is because both compliments and money fulfill basic human needs. Compliments serve as a social reward that fulfills our emotional need to be recognized and accepted by society. Monetary rewards, on the other hand, are classified as a nonsocial reward that satisfies our desire for security and safety. While the two rewards are fundamentally different, both can motivate us equally. Receiving praise can have a multitude of benefits. A study revealed that receiving compliments can help improve motivation and performance. Some adults were asked to learn and perform specific finger patterns. After they repeated the finger exercises the following day, the group who received direct compliments from an evaluator performed better than the other participants. The researchers concluded that receiving compliments can serve as a social reward while encouraging other participants to perform better. There is one thing to bear in mind when it comes to complimenting others: a compliment is beneficial only when you really mean what you say. Give genuine compliments that recognize positive behavior and support others. As long as you’re being sincere, your compliment might make them feel like they’ve won the lottery. 51．Which of the following may Sigmund Freud disagree with according to Paragraph 1? A．Humans have a need for approval from birth. B．Humans really love compliments. C．Humans are born communication experts. D．Humans like to receive encouragement. 52．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Scientists think good compliments are equal to bills. B．Compliments can satisfy human needs just like money. C．Compliments satisfy our most important emotional need. D．Monetary rewards are considered as a social reward. 53．What does the underlined word “genuine” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Clever. B．Gentle. C．Useful. D．Honest. 54．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Both compliments and money can hardly motivate humans. B．Humans are likely to feel better if they receive criticism. C．Direct compliments have a positive effect on our performance. D．Money rewards can frustrate our desire for security and safety. 55．Which of the following is the best title? A．The power of compliments. B．The meaning of compliments. C．The need for approval and encouragement. D．The benefit of encouragement. Passage 3 （2024-2025 学年高三上・部分区・期末） Your favorite foods might not taste the same in the future, and the climate crisis is behind it. In Spain, the black Iberian pigs, which are very important for making special ham, usually eat acorns (橡子) and surrounding grass under oak trees. However, because of heatwaves and a five-year drought, these natural foods are becoming less. So, the pigs are now fed olives (橄榄), thereby changing the unique flavor of the ham. Drought also affects how fruits taste. For example, watermelons and cantaloupes (香瓜) taste different when there’s a drought. Researchers from a Spanish tech center told a Spanish newspaper that sugars and other compounds build up during droughts, changing the taste of food, sometimes for better, sometimes for worse. Beyond drought, rising temperatures and sea levels also influence food flavors. Typically, warm days and cool nights improve the sugar and acid content in fruits, which are essential for the optimal flavor. However, global warming makes this hard to achieve. For example, Japanese apples are becoming less acidic, softer, and drier due to early blooming and high temperatures during growth. While the food we eat is deeply influenced by the climate crisis, our food choices also cause it. Eating meat and dairy from cows has a big impact on the climate. Raising livestock (牲畜) produces a lot of greenhouse gases. Making animal protein also needs more land, energy and water than making plant-based protein. This may seem like a problem that can’t be solved, but we can break this cycle. The Good Food Institute, a US group, believes people will choose alternative protein if they are as tasty and affordable as meat. Meanwhile, more people have started to take action. According to The New York Times, Will Hlamris, a US farmer, practices regenerative farming, allowing cows to move around freely, using less chemical use and disturbing the soil less, which is more environmentally friendly. 46．What changes the flavor of the ham? A．People’s need to make the flavor special. B．The harvest of acorns and the surrounding grass. C．The unique compounds caused by heatwaves. D．The shortage of food sources and alternative feed. 47．What does the underlined word “optimal” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Best. B．Strange. C．Common. D．Worst. 48．Which are the factors leading to the change of foods’ flavor? A．Heatwaves and hurricanes. B．Rising temperatures and sea levels. C．Human’s study and choices. D．Regenerative farming and researches. 49．According to the Good Food Institute, people will choose alternative protein if ______. A．they are cheaper than meat B．the environment changes C．the greenhouse gases disappear D．they are delicious and cheap enough 50．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Food production affected by climate. B．Benefits of regenerative farming. C．Climate crisis changing food taste. D．Livestock’s role in making protein. Passage 4 （2024-2025 学年高三上・部分区・期末） More and more people are realizing that negative self-talk and negative energy can affect you in many ways and cause you additional stress. Because of this, developing more positive self-talk is an important way to reduce stress in your life. You can help yourself maintain a positive mind, which will help with positive self-talk by surrounding yourself with positive energy in your life. You can get that by adding some elements to your life. Listening to music that not only has a pleasant melody, but an uplifting message, can be great for developing positive self-talk. Have you ever had a song “stuck in your head” for a few hours or days, the lyrics (歌词) repeating themselves in your mind? If those lyrics were positive and inspirational, that would be a good thing. It’s a much better mental soundtrack to have than a running stream of complaints, criticisms of self-limiting thoughts, or even songs that had more depressing or sad lyrics. Books on strength, personal power, or self-help can be good resources to help you change your outlook and the things you say to yourself. Rather than bringing self-defeating thoughts, you can find yourself thinking of new can-do concepts when times get tough. One of the most important ways you can get and keep positive energy in your life is to choose your friend wisely. Do your friends uplift you, or bring you down? Are they critical, or approving? Ideal friendships provide support when you’re down, fun when you’re up, wisdom when you’re lost. Good friends can inspire you to reach greater heights, and see your strengths even when you don’t always. Pay attention to how your friends make you feel, and if they’re less than supportive, start putting your energy and time toward people who are better suited to be your friends. In addition, positive affirmations (肯定) can certainly change your self-talk from negative to positive. Now, why not begin working positive affirmations into your life in some creative ways? 51．What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the first paragraph? A．Positive self-talk. B．Additional stress. C．Positive energy. D．Negative energy. 52．How many ways does the author suggest to get positive energy in our life? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 53．If you have something “stuck in your head”, you’ll probably ______. A．keep thinking of that thing all the time B．regard that thing as the most important C．think about the bad effect of that thing D．try to get that thing out of your mind 54．According to the passage, your best friend should be those who ______. A．uplift you or bring you down B．encourage you to do things better C．provide fun when you’re depressed D．are supportive when you’ re wrong 55．What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph? A．Some great ways of making great friends. B．Some creative ways of practicing affirmation. C．How negative self-talk influences a person. D．How positive self-talk reduces stress in one’s life. 主题04 人与自然——生态自然与环境保护 Passage 5 （2024-2025 学年高三上・河北区・期末） Oysters (牡蛎) are enjoyed as delicious dishes worldwide. More than that, they are also “ecosystem engineers”. Facing a declining local oyster population, a group in New York began its “Billion Oyster Project (BOP)” to restore this natural resource, with this year marking its 10th anniversary, reported the BBC． Oysters help clean the water by removing pollutants like nitrogen (氮), which can cause too much algae (藻类) to grow. “Oysters’ filtration capacity can help the whole ecosystem,” Carrie Roble, an ecologist, told the BBC． As young oysters gather on shells and grow up over generations, they construct reefs that provide habitats for hundreds of species, creating a lively underwater city of marine (海洋的) life. Oyster reefs also protect coastlines by acting as natural storm barriers, lessening the impact of large waves and reducing flooding and erosion. To help restore oyster reefs, the BOP project places oyster babies into rivers in metal cages filled with empty shells and artificial reef balls, using donated shells from restaurants as key materials. These shells offer the necessary hard surface and calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) for young oysters to settle and eventually create an oyster reef. Thanks to these efforts, more than 140 million oysters have been restored over the past 10 years in the New York City Harbor, and 18 active restoration sites and field stations have been built. The waterways surrounding New York are now the cleanest they’ve been in over 100 years, according to BOP. However, when counting oysters, it’s difficult to tell if they are restored or drifted there. Baby oysters float for two weeks before settling on a hard surface, requiring extra lab work to trace their origins. “I am very anxious to find out how many came from the restoration oysters,” Professor Matt Hare from Cornell University, who is involved in the project, told the BBC． What’s more, mud from erosion makes growing oysters more difficult by covering their growth surfaces. The use of nutrient-rich chemicals also leads to algae overgrowth, which reduces oxygen levels. Other than New York, oyster restoration projects in various countries and regions like Bangladesh, Australia and China’s Hong Kong SAR are also underway. Each project has its unique focus including crosion, storms and water quality. As for BOP, the group is on track to meet its 1-billion oyster goal by 2035, reported Science Line. 46．What is the primary goal of the Billion Oyster Project? A．To serve oysters in restaurants. B．To create new species of oysters. C．To reduce nitrogen levels in the water. D．To restore the natural oyster population. 47．Why are oysters considered “ecosystem engineers”? A．They help reduce certain water pollutants. B．They remove microplastics from water. C．They eat harmful chemical substances. D．They stop algae from growing. 48．What can be learned about oyster reefs from Paragraph 3? A．They are formed in a short time. B．They rely heavily on other species. C．They move along with ocean currents. D．They create settlements for other marine life. 49．How does the BOP project help restore oyster reefs? A．By removing pollutants like nitrogen. B．By providing habitats for baby oysters. C．By releasing mature oysters into the sea. D．By adding calcium carbonate to oyster shells. 50．What is a challenge facing the BOP project? A．The lack of labs to do work in. B．The slow growth of baby oysters. C．Counting and identifying oysters. D．Oyster overpopulation due to fertilizer use. Passage 6 （2024-2025 学年高三上・八校联考・期末） It was an arresting image: a Boeing 787 Dreamliner parked on the Antarctic ice, smiling flight attendants in knee-length dresses posing in front of it. Fortunately the flight was delivering personnel and supplies for research rather than tourism - but travel to Earth’s southernmost continent has nonetheless reached a new milestone. The number of visitors will hit 100,000 for the first time this tourist season and has brought a new urgency to the question of how much, if any, tourism should be allowed on the icy continent. “The industry is expanding and there is a big diversification of activities including kayaking, submersibles and helicopters,” said Elizabeth Leanne, professor of Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania. “At some point it’s going to get too big - but we don’t know what that number is.” Many IAATO members say promoting Antarctic conservation is part of their mission, including removing all waste from the continent and adhering to sterilization protocols to avoid inadvertently introducing non-native species. Nonetheless, a number of biosecurity studies found a large number of non-native species present. The sheer distance most visitors travel to reach Antarctica makes carbon emissions a serious problem. Studies have shown that on the Antarctic Peninsula, the snow has a higher concentration of black carbon from ship exhaust, which soaks up more heat and speeds up snow melt. In addition to the issue of carbon emissions and accelerated snowmelt, the increasing number of ships and aircraft transporting visitors has led to a significant rise in noise pollution, which disrupts the acoustic environment that many Antarctic species rely on for communication, mating, and navigation. The growing tourism also means a greater demand for freshwater resources in an area where water availability is already a concern. Moreover, the waste generated by tourists, including plastic, food waste, and sewage, if not properly managed, can contaminate the surrounding land and sea. Researchers recommend that anyone thinking about visiting Antarctica should take a hard look at their motivation and the impacts of their choice. “As a researcher, it’s a moral decision that I make every time I go, whether what I’m doing, is worth the impact,” said Leanne, who says tourists should also weigh up the consequences before they make a trip to the Antarctic. 51．What made the situation in Antarctic tourism more urgent this tourist season? A．The new types of transportation used. B．The arrival of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. C．The first-time-ever 100,000 visitors. D．The diverse activities promoted. 52．What is one of the main missions that many IAATO members claim to have? A．To increase the number of tourists. B．To explore new tourist areas. C．To protect the Antarctic environment. D．To develop local economy. 53．Why is the snow on the Antarctic Peninsula affected by carbon emissions? A．More tourists are doing activities there. B．Ships’ exhaust contains black carbon. C．There are more research facilities there. D．The climate is changing rapidly there. 54．What does Elizabeth Leanne suggest tourists do? A．Stop traveling to Antarctica immediately. B．Ignore the impacts of their travel. C．Carefully consider their travel’s impacts. D．Only travel with professional guides. 55．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．The Booming Antarctic Tourism Industry B．Antarctic tourism: Should we just say no? C．Antarctic Conservation: What should we do? D．The Impact of Tourism on the Antarctic Environment 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2024-2025 学年高三上・五区县・期末） I’ve considered that fire is our first technology. Its profound and trans-formative impact is still powerful. Prometheus (a god of fire in ancient Greek stories) stole fire from the gods to benefit humanity and disrupted (打乱) the original order to challenge authority. Artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a modern Prometheus. AI has, in a sense, “stolen” knowledge or rather, made accessible vast amounts of information and insights previously beyond our reach. This act has paved the way for new human achievements, indicating an era of exceptional cognitive (认知的) expansion and controversy. On the one hand, AI has made knowledge widely accessible, broken down barriers to information access, and fueled innovation in every field. AI’s contribution to human progress is obvious. In the meantime, AI’s “theft” of knowledge comes with its own set of challenges and ethical (道德的) dilemmas. The disruption it brings can be seen in job losses, privacy concerns, and the unsettling changes it brings to societal norms. The very act of AI obtaining and processing vast amounts of data raises questions about security and the ethical use of information. So AI challenges us to rethink our relationship with technology and its role in society. As we cast a light at the crossroads of technology and humanity, it is urgent to balance the flame of AI with a commitment to responsible management. In doing so, we can make the most of the full potential of this Promethean gift, ensuring that it serves as a lighthouse of progress and enlightenment, rather than a source of unchecked disruption for you and me. Despite these challenges, AI’s role in our modern society is eminent. It’s similar to that of a partner in human creativity and problem-solving. It takes on the laborious tasks of data analysis and pattern recognition, freeing human minds so that they can engage in higher-order thinking and creative pursuits. This cooperation between humans and AI is fostering a new age of innovation — a cognitive age — where the boundaries of what can be achieved are constantly being redefined. 50．AI is compared to Prometheus in Paragraph 1 to stress that AI_________. A．helps people to succeed easily B．stands up for ordinary people C．brings forth earthshaking changes D．challenges traditional knowledge 51．What is primarily implied about AI in Paragraph 2? A．It is a double-edged sword. B．It is the driving force behind creativity. C．Its cognitive ability needs improvement. D．Its advantages outweigh the potential drawbacks. 52．What is a must in order to maximize AI’s beneficial impact? A．Adopting an open and tolerant mindset. B．Carrying out effective regulation and management. C．Ensuring cross-cultural cooperation in AI development. D．Prioritizing ethical considerations over technological advances. 53．What does the underlined word “eminent” in the last paragraph mean? A．Significant. B．Traditional. C．Conflicting. D．Complicated. 54．What is the author’s general attitude towards AI’s role in our society? A．Concerned. B．Pessimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Positive. Passage 2 （2024-2025 学年高三上・耀华中学・期末） The satisfying beat of a bass drum sounds every time Gil Weinberg strikes thin air with his iPhone. A pal nearby swings his Nokia smartphone back and forth, adding a rippling bass line. A third phone-waving friend sprinkles piano and guitar phrases on top. Weinberg’s trio (三重唱) are using software that turns ordinary cellphones into musical instruments. “People can play on their own, but we are more excited about them jamming like a band.” says Weinberg, a music technologist at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta. Commuters regularly bombarded (轰击) with tinny recorded music played on other passengers phones might not share his enthusiasm, but air guitarists and would-be drummers will probably be delighted. Weinberg claims his smart gesture-recognition software will democratize music-making as never before. “With the right tools, everyone can be creative and expressive musically — even if they don’t know anything about music theory,” he says. The software, named ZoozBeats and launched this week, monitors a phone’s motion and plays a corresponding sound. For example, you might play a rhythm based on a snare drum by beating the air with the phone as if it’s a drumstick. Or you could strum with it to play a sequence of guitar chords. The software runs on a wide range of phones because it uses many different ways to sense gestures. The obvious way is to use the accelerometers built into small devices like the Apple iPhone and Nokia smartphone. But ZoozBeats can also cause sounds when the view through a phone’s camera lens changes rapidly, or generate a beat or bass line from simple taps on the mobile’s microphone. Of course, people who aren’t well skillful in music-making are more likely to make unpleasant noises than beautiful melodies, so ZoozBeats incorporates a system called Musical Wizard to make sure their musical decisions are harmonious. It won’t do everything, though. The system has been built to ensure that practice still makes perfect: “The big challenge was not to make it sound OK whatever you do,” says Weinberg. “It will fit, but not perfectly, so you can still learn to improve the music yourself.” ZoozBeats comes with instruments for three types of music: rock, techno and hip hop. It also allows users to produce vocal effects by singing into the phone and will be downloadable in two versions. One of these will be for solo use, the other a Bluetooth networkable version that supports jamming by groups of people using the Musical Wizard to keep everybody’s input melodious. 46．Some commuters might not be delighted in others cellphone music in that ______. A．they are not interested in the tinny recorded music B．They couldn’t identify with the music made by the software C．they are fed up with the unwanted music played on the cellphones D．they are more interested in jamming like a band than playing solo 47．By saying the “software will democratize music-making as never before” (Paragraph 2). Weinberg means that ______ A．this software will help more ordinary people to be creative and expressive. B．music-making will be accessible to all the people because of this software. C．music-making will gain popularity among the people due to this software. D．this software can allow everybody to make perfect melody by themselves. 48．According to the 3rd paragraph, the examples cited here show that ______ A．people could use the phone as a drumstick to play a rhythm. B．Our smartphone could be used to play a sequence of guitar chords. C．ZoozBeats could trigger sounds by sensing the change of the view. D．ZoozBeats makes various sounds by monitoring how phone is moved. 49．What can be inferred about Musical Wizard according to Paragraph 4? A．It is used to help people make all the musical decisions perfectly. B．it makes it possible for ordinary people to make harmonious melodies. C．It dismisses the necessity. to practice until you can create perfect music. D．It keeps the music lover from learning to improve the music themselves. 50．An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be ______ A．The Musical Wizard System. B．A New Music-making Instrument. C．Blessed are Music-making Lovers. D．Music Played on the Cellphone. Passage 3 （2024-2025 学年高三上・八校联考・期末） Qin Xiaoya, a virtual figure playing a young female role in Qinqiang Opera, has caught people’s attention since it made its debut (首次登台) in an art festival in Xi’ an, capital of Northwest China’s Shaanxi Province. The design team employed 3D modeling to copy the original clothes and accessories (配饰) of the virtual actress. “To make her true to life, we went to great effort to reproduce her gestures and decorations with the real voice of the opera performer,” said Zhang Xi, a team member. Qinqiang Opera, a Chinese folk opera originating in the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC-771BC), continues to thrive in a vast region of Northwest China and was added to the country’s intangible cultural heritage list in 2006. As a newcomer to this ancient art, Qin Xiaoya demonstrates a youthful image. In a music video for the Ninth China Qinqiang Opera Arts Festival held in June, she performed Qinqiang Opera remixed with rock’ n’ roll, fueling the interest of young people. “Though creating such a figure is not easy, we made the expression of this character accurate and vivid, by using high standard technological methods” Zhang said. “We hope to make her a spokesperson for Qinqiang Opera art and make related cartoons, movies and other diversified products in the future,” said Zhang, adding that they are developing more functions for the virtual figure, who is expected to interact with citizens via livestreaming. The technology that is applied into the opera can also be found among cinematic techniques. Tapping her fingers to the rhythm of the music and singing along with actors, Xiao Jie, a 59-year-old opera fan, enjoys a 3D Qinqiang Opera film Three Drops of Blood. Regarded as a masterpiece in Qinqiang Opera, Three Drops of Blood, created in 1918 and deeply critical of pedantic bureaucrats (迂腐的官僚主义) in feudal society, has been often frequented by fans over the past century. “I watched a black-and-white film of the opera when I was young. At this time, watching it in a3D form is truly intriguing. The 3D film make the centuries-old art take on a new look — we can have a closer and clearer look at the performance,” said Xiao. Chinese operas have long historical ties to movies, for example, the first movie in China, The Battle of Dingjunshan, screened in 1905, was adapted from clips from Peking Opera. 46．The author mentions Qin Xiaoya at the beginning of the passage to introduce ______. A．a new real performer of Qinqiang Opera. B．the application of technology in the art of Qinqiang Opera. C．the origin of Qinqiang Opera. D．the relationship between Qinqiang Opera and movies. 47．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Qin Xiaoya is a figure from Western Zhou Dynasty. B．Qinqiang Opera originates in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. C．Qin Xiaoya’s performance in June combined Qin Opera with rock music. D．Qin Xiaoya shows the image of a middle-aged person. 48．What does the underlined word “diversified” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．various B．appealing C．elegant D．tasteless 49．What can be inferred from Xiao Jie? A．He finds the rhythm of the film hard to follow. B．He thinks the theme of the passage should be critical. C．He is totally intrigued by the 3D film. D．He suggests audience to appear in 3D cinema frequently. 50．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Technology elements in Qinqiang opera are welcomed by senior fans. B．Qinqiang opera is adapted from Peking Opera. C．Qinqiang opera is a bond between the old and the young. D．Technology makes Qinqiang opera show a new look. Passage 4 （2024-2025 学年高三上・河西区・期末） Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流). Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way——by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years’ experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes — about 60,000 in total — fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn’t. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents. The Pacific Northwest is one of the world’s best areas for beachcombing (海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1, 600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study. As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves. 46．The underlined phrase “swap meets” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______________. A．fitting rooms B．trading fairs C．business talks D．group meetings 47．Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out _____________. A．what caused the shipping accident B．when and where the shoes went missing C．whether it was all right to use their shoes D．how much they lost in the shipping accident 48．How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption? A．By collecting information from beachcombers. B．By studying the shoes found by beachcomber. C．By searching the web for ocean currents models. D．By researching ocean currents data in the library. 49．Ebbesmeyer is most famous for ________. A．traveling widely the coastal cities of the world B．making records for any lost objects on the sea C．running a global currents research association D．phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea 50．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To call people’s attention to ocean pollution. B．To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean. C．To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents. D．To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach. 主题02 人与社会——历史社会与文化 （2024-2025 学年高三上・和平区・期末） China’s video game industry is making headlines with the upcoming release of Black Myth: Wukong, developed-by Hangzhou-based Game Science. Planned for launch on PlayStation 5 and PC on August 20 (with an Xbox Series version also in development), this action RPG draws inspiration from the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West. Players control a character resembling the Monkey King, Sun Wukong, and experience impressive visuals and combat scenes influenced by Chinese folktales. The game has generated significant excitement, evident from the long queues at Gamescom and even instances of people breaking into Game Science’s offices seeking employment. The significance of Black Myth: Wukong lies in its potential impact on China’s gaming ranking, which traditionally has not been known for producing high-profile single-player console games (单人主机游戏) due to historical console bans lasting until 2015. Instead, Chinese companies have focused on PC and mobile games. The game’s success could signal a shift towards premium (高端的), single-player experiences in China, potentially influencing local players to embrace upfront payment models rather than free-to-play systems with monetization mechanics like gacha (抽卡游戏机制), as seen in games such as Genshin Impact. Despite its potential, the international reputation of Chinese games is mixed. While Genshin Impact achieved global success, it faced criticism for its monetization approach. Black Myth: Wukong is positioned as a traditional premium title with a one-time purchase fee, and it could pave the way for more high-quality single-player games from China. Xuan Li, CEO of Thermite Games, is optimistic about the game’s success opening doors for similar premium games in China Chenyu Cui from Omdia also sees Black Myth: Wukong as a potential growth driver for the PC market in China, crediting this to its high-quality graphics and the international trending. However, the game’s launch has been ruined by controversy. In November 2023, IGN reported alleged sexism (性别歧视指控) at Game Science, citing problematic comments by co-founder Feng Ji and recruitment materials. The report led to significant extensive online discussion, with the writers facing harassment (骚扰), particularly from Chinese users. This intense reaction underscores the nationalistic pride and high expectations surrounding the game. Black Myth: Wukong is set to make a significant impact, reflecting both the ambitions of China’s gaming industry and the challenges it faces. The game’s reception will be a key indicator of how well Chinese developers can transition into the premium console game market and reshape global perceptions of Chinese video games. 51．What do we know about the Chinese gaming market before 2015? A．It was dominated by single-player console games. B．It had a strong focus on PC and mobile games. C．It was primarily driven by high-quality graphics. D．It was known for premium, single-player experiences. 52．What can be inferred about the impact of Black Myth: Wukong on China’s gaming industry? A．It may lead to more focus on mobile gaming. B．It is likely to decrease interest in PC gaming. C．It may gradually change players’ consumption habits. D．It will have no significant effect on local gaming habits. 53．In the context of the passage, what does the underlined word “mixed” most likely mean? A．Uncertain and unclear B．Both positive and negative C．Diverse and varied D．Constant and stable 54．According to the 4th paragraph, what criticism did Game Science face in November 2023? A．Delays in the release schedule. B．Unfair recruitment practices within the company. C．Improper remarks on sexism made by Feng Ji. D．Negative feedback regarding the game’s graphics. 55．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Classic Chinese novel Meets Modern Gaming B．Black Myth: Wukong and the Future of Chinese Gaming C．The Controversy Behind Black Myth: Wukong’s Launch D．Game Science’s Breakthrough with Black Myth: Wukong 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2024-2025 学年高三上・河北区・期末） William Wordsworth’s metaphor, “Your mind is the garden, your thoughts are the seeds. The harvest can either be flowers or weeds,” resonates with the idea that our mental landscape is similar to a garden, where the seeds of our thoughts determine the nature of our lives. This concept suggests that the way we nurture our thoughts can significantly impact our personal development and success. Our thoughts are the seeds that, when nurtured with care, can blossom into the flowers of success and happiness. Conversely, neglecting the cultivation of our thoughts can lead to a life overgrown with the weeds of failure and despair. To ensure our minds bear the fruits of our desires, it’s crucial to prepare the soil of our minds with the nutrients of education, health, and effective time management. These elements enrich our mental landscape, providing the ideal environment for our ambitions to take root and flourish. The principle of sowing and reaping (收获) is as true for our lives as it is for a garden. Just as a gardener who plants tomatoes expects tomatoes, we should anticipate that the intentional cultivation of our thoughts will yield a corresponding harvest in life. Each of us holds the power to choose which seeds to plant, and thus, the responsibility for the outcomes we reap. Moreover, the impact of our thoughts extends beyond personal success; they also influence our relationships and societal contributions. Kind thoughts and actions can foster harmony and cooperation, while negative thoughts can lead to conflict and isolation. The choice to plant seeds of empathy and understanding can result in a life enriched by strong social bonds and a sense of community. Additionally, our thoughts can shape our resilience in the face of adversity, as optimistic thinking can guide us through challenges, whereas pessimism may hinder our ability to overcome obstacles. Drawing everything together, the garden of our mind requires deliberate tending. By selecting and nurturing positive thoughts, and by preparing the conditions for their growth, we can harvest a life rich with the fulfillment of our goals and dreams. The choice is ours: to plant the seeds of potential or to let the garden lie fallow (休耕). It is through this conscious cultivation that we can transform our minds from a plot overgrown with weeds into a garden blooming with the flowers of success and the fruits of meaningful contributions to society. The power to shape our destiny lies within us, and it begins with the thoughts we choose to plant today. 51．How does the author illustrate the concept of mental preparation? A．By explaining it as the cultivation of plants. B．By relating it to the achievement of personal goals. C．By associating it with the management of natural conditions. D．By comparing it to the process of gardening and seed nurturing. 52．What can be inferred about our thoughts from Paragraph 2? A．They can be cultivated to yield positive results. B．They can develop our effective time management. C．They are directly responsible for all our successes. D．They are unable to change a life filled with despair. 53．What does it suggest about thoughts and life outcomes according to Paragraph 3? A．Life outcomes are decided in advance. B．Life outcomes are the fruits of our desires. C．Cultivating thoughts shapes life outcomes. D．Cultivating thoughts depends on life outcomes. 54．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The power of thoughts in shaping our lives and relationships. B．The effect of optimism on overcoming life’s challenges. C．The role of empathy in building a strong community. D．The importance of personal success in society. 55．What conclusion can we draw from the passage? A．We cannot change our destiny. B．Cultivating positive thoughts matters. C．Personal goals depend on social impact. D．Our thoughts can directly lead to success. Passage 2 （2024-2025 学年高三上・耀华中学・期末） Believe it or not, you could be creating a bad impression on others, whether at your job or in your personal life, with what you don’t say, even if you are saying and doing the right things. That’s because many of our reactions to others are based on body language. If your body language is communicating a negative message, that’s the message others could be getting, regardless of what actual words come out of your mouth. What are some of the negative messages sent via body language? Things like having your arms folded across the chest can show hostility (敌意). Lack of eye contact can indicate shiftiness (奸诈). An unsmiling face could communicate a variety of things, like anger, disappointment or sadness, depending upon what other facial expressions are included at the same time. Want to know what body language communicates? An interesting approach is to watch a TV show or a movie with the sound off, and see how much you can figure out of the plot, or at least you can get a sense of what is going on. However, many of the clues that indicate negativity could also be the result of nervousness or other issues. For example, somebody who doesn’t make eye contact could simply be nervous. The same is true of a not-so-firm hand-shake. Someone folding his arms could simply be more comfortable with the arms that way. Someone who doesn’t smile could be self-conscious about her teeth. The person who sends off bad body gestures may not even realize that they’re doing it. Unfortunately, some people who do recognize what body language communicates are scam (欺诈) artists. They may have the firmest handshake you’ve ever had, the shiniest smile you’ve ever seen and make the greatest eye contact so that you find their sincerity so convincing and their schemes so irresistible. They can achieve what they desire because they know how much this nonverbal communication matters in communicating a sense of trustworthiness. People fall for them, because their body language seems so truthful. If you’re not sure what your body language is communicating, better ask a trusted friend for help. You can also concentrate on standing up straight and sitting up straight, if posture (姿势) is a problem. What’s more, practicing in front of a mirror can also help you get rid of some bad habits. Also, remember to smile and nod if needed. And try to learn how to relax. Pay more attention to these details in your daily communications, and you will send more positive messages with your body language. 41．Watching a TV show with the sound turned off, we can ______. A．have a chance to experience how much body language counts B．practice how to read other’s body language correctly C．have a lot of fun guessing what the characters are saying D．learn to tell the messages such as hostility or shiftiness 42．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．A person who is not smiling must be communicating hostility. B．Verbal expressions matter more in making an impression on others. C．A not-so-firm handshake may indicate that one is self-conscious. D．We can judge a person’s attitude correctly according to his expression. 43．We can learn from the 4th paragraph that ______. A．a person with great eye contact will be seen a scam artist B．people can make use of body language for wrong purposes C．one should not put trust in a person with a shiniest smile D．you will be regarded as a scam artist if you shake hands firmly 44．The underlined phrase “fall for” is closest in meaning to ______. A．be taken in B．be given up C．be used to D．be fully dropped 45．Which is the best title for this passage? A．The Secret of Body Language. B．Body Language and Messages. C．Is Body Language Serving You Well? D．What Can Body Language Convey? Passage 3 （2024-2025 学年高三上・耀华中学・期末） When we’re little, our mother is the center of our attention, and we are the center of hers. So our mother’s characteristics leave an indelible (持久的)impression, and we are forever after attracted to people with her facial features, body type, personality, even sense of humor. If our mother is warm and giving, as adults we tend to be attracted to people who are warm and giving. If our mother is strong and even-tempered, we are going to be attracted to a fair-minded strength in our mates. The mother has an additional influence on her sons: she not only gives them clues to what they will find attractive in a mate, but also affects how they feel about women in general. So if she is warm and nice, her sons are going to think that’s the way women are. They will probably grow up to be warm and responsive lovers and also be cooperative around the house. On the contrary, a mother who has a depressive personality, and is sometimes friendly but then suddenly turns cold and rejecting, may raise a man who becomes a “dance-away lover”. Because he’s been so scared about love from his mother, he’s afraid of commitment and may pull away from a girlfriend for this reason. While the mother determines in large part what qualities attract us in a mate, it’s the father —the first male in our lives — who influences how we relate to the opposite sex. Fathers have an enormous effect on their children’s personalities and chances of marital (婚姻的) happiness. Just as mothers influence their sons’ general feelings toward women, fathers influence their daughters’ general feelings about men. If a father lavishes praise on his daughter and demonstrates that she is a worthwhile person, she’ll feel very good about herself in relation to men. But if the father is cold, critical or absent, the daughter will tend to feel she’s not very lovable or attractive. In addition, most of us grow up with people of similar social circumstances. We hang around with people in the same town; our friends have about the same educational backgrounds and career goals. We tend to be most comfortable with these people, and therefore we tend to link up with others whose families are often much like our own. 51．Why do our mother’s characteristics leave us an indelible impression? A．Because we are likely to be attached to people with her characteristics. B．Because our earliest memories center on our relationship with her. C．Because our mother takes better care of us than our father does. D．Because our mother is a woman who’s kind, warm and caring to us. 52．What can we know from Paragraphs 2 and 3? A．The mother’s influences on their sons are different from those on their daughters. B．A man afraid of commitment may well have a mother with a depressive personality. C．A husband who shares household chores must have been influenced by his mother. D．If our mother is warm and generous, we tend to favor a mate with the same traits. 53．What does the underlined word “lavishes” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．uses much. B．uses little. C．never uses. D．seldom uses. 54．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Whether one can properly sympathize with the opposite sex relies on the mother. B．A girl may be insecure about herself if she grows up with an absent father. C．A son’s general feelings about women are dramatically affected by his mother. D．A daughter’s general feelings about men are strongly influenced by her father. 55．It can be implied from the last paragraph that ______. A．Things like social circumstances hardly matter in the face of true friendship. B．We are often inclined to hang out with people who lives next door to us. C．Someone who has the same career goals as we do will become our best friend. D．People from different social backgrounds are less likely to become true friends. 主题04 人与自然——生态自然与环境保护 （2024-2025 学年高三上・和平区・期末） Rhinoceros horns (犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat certain diseases, even though they have no actual therapeutic (治疗的) properties beyond comfort. And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus command as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous appeal for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several critically, this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to flood the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and consequently the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fakes to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger (伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake strikingly similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their differing appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs bound (捆绑) tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer absent in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide (溴化锂溶液). They bundled (捆绑) the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a mixture of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a material that, with some polishing, looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch indistinguishable fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. 46．What is the main reason for the illegal trade of rhinoceros horns according to the passage? A．They are essential for traditional medicines. B．They are used as a symbol of status and wealth. C．They have obvious financial appeal. D．They have strong medical value. 47．What suggestion do some conservationists propose to reduce the poaching? A．To ban the use of real horns in traditional Chinese medicine. B．To improve the living environment for rhinos and avoid hunting. C．Using the fake rhino horns to lower the value of real ones. D．Increasing public awareness about rhino conservation 48．What is the component of the horns of rhinoceros, as described in the passage? A．A special type of horn tissue unique to rhinoceros. B．Hairs bound together by a mixture of dead cells. C．Dead cells mixed with bone material. D．Bundled horse hairs in a special glue. 49．According to the passage, which of the following statements accurately describes the process of manufacturing fake horns? A．Fake horns are made from actual rhinoceros hair and bone. B．Fake horns are created by placing bundled horse hairs in an oven to dry. C．Horse tails are directly bundled without any treatment before use. D．Horse tails are treated specially to remove a specific layer before use. 50．According to the passage, what is the author’s attitude towards launching fakes in the rhinoceros-horn market? A．The author sees it as a potentially beneficial, though untested, strategy. B．The author is skeptical about the effectiveness of this approach. C．The author believes it is a guaranteed solution to save rhinos. D．The author thinks it would harm the conservation efforts for rhinos. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $