UNIT 5 Revealing nature-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修1同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版）

Hello, I'm Xiaohe.Last weekend, our class answered the call of nature and set out on a remarkable wilderness adventure.We arrived at a forest that was home to diverse wildlife and ancient trees, dating back to centuries ago.As we stepped into the forest, we were greeted by a scene crowded with thick greenery and the sweet melody of birds. As we hiked deeper, we were fascinated by the giant trees, some with trunks several meters in diameter.We collected samples of various plants, trying to link their characteristics to their evolutionary paths.We also detected different species of birds and insects. During the exploration, we encountered some goats that were native to the area.Some of us suspected that these goats might be descendants of wild ancestors.We learned that any decline in certain species could be blamed on human activities. In some ways, this trip made us realize our link to nature and the importance of protecting these precious natural habitats.It was an adventure of a lifetime, one that I will always cherish. Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas Step One　Lead­in If you were given a chance to travel to distant and little­known places, what kind of things would you be most interested in studying? Why do you think studying these things could be significant? I might be interested in studying the unique plants there.Because different plants might have special adaptations to the local environment, and understanding these could help us learn more about how living things interact with their surroundings. Step Two　Read for the main idea Match the main idea with each section. Section 1 (Para.1) A．In Galápagos Islands, Darwin observed finches' beak differences and formed the idea of species evolution. Section 2 (Paras.2－3) B．On the Origin of Species is now seen as a crucial work, forever changing views on life on Earth, all starting from the Beagle journey. Section 3 (Paras.4－5) C．Darwin, not the captain's first choice and facing family criticism, joined the Beagle, starting a life­changing journey. Section 4 (Para.6) D．Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, which caused controversy but later won more acceptance. Section 5 (Para.7) E.Darwin left England on the Beagle, collected samples, and began to question the origin of species. 答案：Section 1—C　Section 2—E　Section 3—A　Section 4—D　Section 5—B Step Three　Read for details Ⅰ.Read Section 1 (Para.1) carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Why was the young man not the captain's first choice? Because he was a young man who dropped out of medical school and his father calling him “a disgrace to himself and all his family” in a letter. 2．What was the significance of the young man's adventures on the ship? His adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time. Ⅱ.Read Section 2 (Paras.2－3) carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What was Darwin's main interest during his journey on the Beagle? A．Studying the history of the ship. B．Exploring the unknown lands. C．Studying living things in their natural environments. D．Communicating with the local people. 2．What inspired Darwin to look for more evidence? A．The belief that all species had changed since they appeared. B．The discovery that some species of animals were very similar to each other. C．The fact that he found no evidence on the islands. D．The prediction of his father about his future. 答案：1.C　2.B Ⅲ.Read Section 3 (Paras.4－5) carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What did Darwin notice about the finches on the Galápagos Islands? A．Their colors were different. B．Their beaks varied according to food. C．Their sizes were the same. D．Their behaviors were unique. 2．What did Darwin suspect about the finches on the Galápagos Islands? A．They had all come to the islands recently. B．They had different ancestors for each island. C．They had no relation to other species on Earth. D．They had evolved from a common ancestor. 答案：1.B　2.D Ⅳ.Read Section 4 (Para.6) carefully and do the following exercises. 1．How was Darwin's theory of evolution regarded when it was first published? A．Rejected by many people. B．Accepted by everyone. C．Ignored completely. D．Praised widely. 2．How did Darwin's theory gain more acceptance? A．By being forced upon people by the government. B．Through the support of religious leaders. C．Because his scientific studies were very convincing. D．Due to the popularity of his writing style. 答案：1.A　2.C Ⅴ.Read Section 5 (Para.7) carefully and do the following exercise. Why is On the Origin of Species regarded as one of the most important works ever written? Because it introduced the theory of evolution, which changed ideas about life on Earth forever. Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the following questions with your partners and present your answers to the class. In what ways has Darwin's theory of evolution influenced our understanding of human nature and society, and what are the potential implications for the future? Your presentation： It influences people by emphasizing the role of adaptation and competition.It suggests that human traits and behaviors have evolved over time as a response to environmental pressures.In terms of society, it has led to a recognition of the importance of social progress and development. ◎ A Journey of Discovery The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone [1]who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant①countries yet little known”．The person [2]who answered the call② was not the captain's first choice③.It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.What's more④， he had recently received a letter from his father [3]predicting⑤ that he would be “a disgrace⑥ to yourself and all your family”．Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time⑦. [1]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词someone。 [2]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词person。 [3]predicting...为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰letter。 The young man in question⑧，Charles Darwin, was a geologist⑨ and naturalist, [4]fascinated by rocks, plants and animals．He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831.The journey gave him the chance [5]to study various living things in their natural environments．After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with⑩ samples⑪of the plants and animals he had collected.[6]As he studied these, he asked himself the question：how did different species come to exist⑫？ At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time⑬， and had not changed since.But Darwin began to think differently.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to⑭each other.Maybe animals evolved⑮ [7]as they adapted to⑯ their changing environments？It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence⑰. [4]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰geologist and naturalist。 [5]动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词chance。 [6][7]句中as均引导时间状语从句，意为“当 ……的时候”。 When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of⑱ new species, but [8]it was the birds that interested him the most．Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches⑲ on each of the islands.It seemed their beaks⑳ had evolved according to [9]what food was available㉑on that particular island. [8]it was...that...为强调句，强调主语the birds。 [9]what引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。 Darwin suspected㉒ that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor㉓，[10]which had arrived on the islands a long time before．Over time㉔, it had slowly evolved into many new species.And that was the answer to [11]how new species of plants and animals came to exist：they evolved from earlier ancestors. [10]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ancestor。 [11]how引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。 It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution㉕.Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species.It was not published㉖ until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.Many people refused to believe that living things, including㉗ humans, had evolved from lower forms of life.They were shocked.But Darwin's scientific studies were [12]so convincing㉘ that more and more people started to believe his theory． [12]so...that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此 ……以至于 ……”。 Today，On the Origin of Species is regarded as㉙ one of the most important works [13]ever written．It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.And it all began with㉚ the journey on the Beagle. [13]动词的过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰名词works。 ◎ ①distant adj.遥远的 ②answer the call响应号召 ③the first choice首选 ④what's more此外，更重要的是 ⑤predict v．预言 ⑥disgrace n．丢脸，耻辱 ⑦of all time有史以来；一直 ⑧in question讨论中的；考虑中的 ⑨geologist n．地质学家 ⑩be crowded with拥塞；挤满；充满 ⑪sample n．样本 ⑫come to exist出现；产生 ⑬at the same time同时 ⑭be similar to与 ……相似 ⑮evolve v．进化 ⑯adapt to适应/适合 …… ⑰evidence n．证据 ⑱a variety of种种；各种各样的 ⑲finch n．雀科鸣禽 ⑳beak n．鸟嘴，喙 ㉑available adj.可利用的；可获得的；可找到的；有空暇的 be available for对于 ……可用的 ㉒suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 ㉓ancestor n．(动物的)原种，祖先 ㉔over time随着时间的推移 ㉕evolution n．进化(论) ㉖publish v．出版；发表 ㉗including prep.包含；包括 ㉘convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的 ㉙be regarded as被认为是 ㉚begin with开始于 …… ◎ 发现之旅 贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员要能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想之选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业，并且在他刚收到的家书中，父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。尽管如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。 我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和自然主义者查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年，他搭乘贝格尔号从英格兰启程。这趟旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的？ 当时，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够鼓舞达尔文去寻求更多证据。 1835年，当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛的时候，达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但是其中最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。 达尔文猜想，这里所有的雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛，随着时间推移，慢慢进化成许多新的物种。于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是由早期的祖先进化而来的。 这是一个全新的观点——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中对此进行了解释。这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起了轰动。很多人拒绝相信包括人在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。然而，达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。 如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它彻底地改变了人类对于地球生命的认识。而这一切都开始于贝格尔号的探索之旅。 distant adj.遥远的，远处的；疏远的；远亲的(联想：distance n．距离，远处) 【教材原句】　The captain of the ship，the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”．贝格尔号的船长想要招募一名船员，这名船员要能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。 【用法归纳】 (1)be distant from 与 ……保持距离 a distant relative 一个远房亲戚 (2)at a distance of 相隔，相距 within walking distance 几步之遥 from a distance 从远处 in the distance 在远处 keep one's distance from sb.＝keep sb.at a distance 与某人保持距离；疏远某人 【佳句必背】　We can see the waterfall in the distance，whose sound can be heard at a distance of 500 metres.It looks quite beautiful from a distance.(读后续写之环境描写)我们可以看见远处的瀑布，它的声音在相隔五百米的地方就能听见，从远处看它特别美。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①You should be distant from those who always bring negative energy to you. ②I noticed that Lily always keeps her classmates at a distance.Maybe she doesn't know how to communicate with others well. ③The two villages are at a distance of about five kilometers from each other with a small river flowing between them. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(应用文之建议信)谨记：与动物保持安全距离，未经许可，禁止试图喂食或触摸它们。 Just remember：keep a safe distance from the animals and never attempt to feed or touch them if not allowed. ⑤站在山顶上，我们能看到远处有一个小村庄，缕缕炊烟从烟囱里升起。 Standing on the hilltop, we could see a small village in the distance，with smoke rising from the chimneys. suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 n．嫌疑犯，可疑分子(联想：suspicion n．怀疑；疑心→suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的) 【教材原句】　Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before.达尔文猜想，这里所有的雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛。 【用法归纳】 (1)suspect sb./sth.to be/as... 怀疑某人/某物是 …… suspect sb.of doing sth. 怀疑某人做某事 suspect that... 认为/怀疑 …… (2)under suspicion 遭受怀疑 (3)be suspicious of/about... 怀疑 …… 【佳句必背】　①I suspect that my friend is hiding something from me because he has been acting strangely lately.(应用文之求助信)我怀疑我的朋友有什么事瞒着我，因为他最近举止怪异。 ②The police have arrested the suspect of the robbery case.They believe he has crucial information that can help solve the crime.(读后续写之动作描写)警察已经逮捕了抢劫案的嫌疑犯。他们相信他掌握了有助于破案的关键信息。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①I suspected my neighbor of playing loud music late at night, disturbing everyone in the community. ②The driver was under suspicion (suspect) for speeding and running a red light, and he might face severe punishment. ③The local residents are suspicious (suspect) of the new development project, worrying about its potential environmental impact. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④他被怀疑是某诈骗团伙的头目，警方正在监听他的电话。 He was suspected as/to be the leader of a ring of scammers and the police were monitoring his phone call. ⑤昨天，我怀疑自己把钥匙落在办公室了，但后来在大衣口袋里找到了。 Yesterday, I suspected that my keys were left in the office, but I found them in my coat pocket later. convincing adj.令人信服的，有说服力的(联想：convince v．使相信，说服；使确信→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的) 【教材原句】　 But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。 【用法归纳】 (1)be convinced of sth./that... 确信 …… (2)convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb.that... 使某人相信 …… 【佳句必背】　①I'll spare no effort to serve my fellow students.I'm convinced that you'll make a right decision.(应用文之申请信) 我将不遗余力地为同学们服务。我坚信你们会做出正确的决定。 ②It is also important to tell convincing local cultural stories to foreign visitors.(应用文之建议信) 向外国游客讲述令人信服的当地文化故事同样重要。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①(2023·浙江1月卷) “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I'm not convinced (convince) that food is one of them，” she says. ②The head teacher convinced the whole class to participate (participate) in the school's recycling project. ③The teacher gave a convincing (convince) lecture on the importance of time management, sharing practical tips and real­life examples. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④这位经验丰富的老师确信创造一个积极的课堂气氛对学生的学习至关重要。 The experienced teacher is convinced that creating a positive classroom atmosphere is essential for students' learning. blame v．责怪，指责；把 ……归咎于 n．责任；责备；指责 【教材原句】　The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.平塔岛陆龟的灭绝归咎于人类。 【用法归纳】 (1)blame sb.for...因 ……而指责某人；把 ……归咎于某人 blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth.)(对某事)负有责任；应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义) (2)take/bear/accept the blame for...为 ……承担责任 lay/put the blame for sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某物 【佳句必背】　Today, many rare animals face the possibility of extinction and many animals are hunted by people for fur or food, for which human beings are to blame.(应用文之倡议书)如今，许多珍稀动物面临灭绝的可能，而且许多动物被人类猎杀以获取其皮毛或以之为食，人类应对此负责。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Some students always blame their classmates for their bad grades in group work. ②She always blames the mess in the dorm on her roommates, even though she herself often leaves things scattered around. ③When getting along with others, we should not always put the blame for mistakes on others. ④It's my fault, and I accept the blame for not being able to finish the task on time. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑤那个开车时使用智能手机的司机应该为这起事故负责。 The driver who was using his smart phone while driving was to blame for the accident． decline v．减少；衰退；下降； 谢绝；婉拒 n．减少；衰退；衰落 【教材原句】　After goats in particular had been brought to the island，the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.特别是山羊被带到岛上后，平塔岛陆龟的数量就减少了。 【用法归纳】 (1)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事 decline by... 下降/减少了 ……(后常接分数或百分数) decline to... 下降/减少到 ……(后常接具体数字) (2)in decline/on the decline 在下降/减少；逐渐衰落 a sharp decline in... 在 ……方面急剧下降/减少 【佳句必背】　①(2023·全国乙卷) It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining. 最近有报道称，坚持传统饮食的人数正在逐渐减少。 ②There has been a significant decline in the sales of physical books with the rise of e­books and digital reading platforms.(应用文之建议信) 随着电子书和数字阅读平台的兴起，纸质书的销量出现了大幅下降。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①She declined to participate (participate) in the picnic organized by the Student Union, saying she was busy with her composition. ②The population of this small town has declined by nearly 15% over the past decade as young people moved away to seek better job opportunities. ③The number of tourists visiting the ancient town declined to 2，000 last month because of the bad weather. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(应用文之道歉信)由于工作繁忙，我不得不谢绝你的生日聚会邀请，对此我深表歉意。 I sincerely apologize for having to decline the invitation to your birthday party，as I am busy with my work. ⑤近来，学生在学习时间使用电子设备的时间逐渐在减少。 The time students spend on electronic devices during study hours has been on the decline lately. adapt to 适应，适合；改编 【教材原句】　Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments? 也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？ 【用法归纳】 (1)adapt oneself to 使自己适应 adapt to sth./doing sth. 适应某物/做某事 adapt...to do sth. 调整…以做某事 (2)adapt...from 根据 ……改编 be adapted from 由 ……改编而来 (3)adaptation n．适应；改写；改编本 【佳句必背】　①You need to adapt to the new routine of school life, such as getting up early for classes and managing your time for study and rest.(应用文之建议信)你需要适应学校生活的新作息，比如早起上课，合理安排学习和休息时间。 ②The students need to adapt to speaking English in class to improve their language skills.(应用文之建议信)学生们需要适应在课堂上说英语，以提高他们的语言技能。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The old man found it challenging to adapt himself (he) to the fast­paced life in the big city after living in a small town for years. ②In the school library, you need to adapt to reading (read) books quietly and avoid disturbing others. ③The film Life of Pi is a remarkable adaptation (adapt) of the bestselling novel, bringing the vivid and adventurous story to the big screen. ④The movie The Lion King is adapted (adapt) from the classic Disney animated film of the same name. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑤老师对教学材料进行了改编，使其更容易让学生理解并运用以解决复杂的问题。 The teacher adapted the teaching materials to make them easier for the students to understand and use to solve complex problems. so...that...如此 ……以至于 …… 【教材原句】　 But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。 【用法归纳】 ·so...that...句型的常见形式： ·such...that...句型的常见形式： ·当“so＋形容词/副词”及“such...”放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 【佳句必背】　The paintings displayed at this exhibition was so wonderful that you can have a better understanding of traditional Chinese painting.＝This exhibition displays such wonderful paintings that you can have a better understanding of traditional Chinese painting techniques.(应用文之活动报道)这个展览展出了非常精彩的画，能让你更好地了解中国传统绘画技术。 【写成佳句】　完成句子/句型转换 ①(应用文之感谢信)你对我如此友善且帮助很大，我都不知道该如何表达我的感激之情了。 You have been so kind and helpful to me that I don't know how to express my gratitude. ②那天天气非常好，以至于我们决定去公园野餐，在那里我们可以享受清新的空气和宁静的景色。 It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go for a picnic in the park, where we could enjoy the fresh air and the peaceful scenery. ③参加这次志愿活动的学生如此之多，以至于组织者不得不将他们分成几个小组。 There were so many students participating in the volunteer activity that the organizers had to divide them into several groups. ④The rain was so heavy that it was difficult for us to arrive there on time. →So heavy was the rain that it was difficult for us to arrive there on time.(倒装句) 1．distant A．adj.遥远的，远处的　B．adj.远房的 C．adj.冷淡的　D．adj.心不在焉的 ①I called one of my friends and he sounded cold and distant on the phone. C ②It was only after a family conversation that I found out she was actually my distant cousin. B ③During the conversation, he had a distant look in his eyes, as if his mind was on something else entirely. D ④The ship sailed towards the distant horizon, gradually disappearing from our sight as it became a small dot on the vast ocean. A 2．写出句中加黑单词的汉语意思 ①As the top seed in the tennis tournament, he has a strong chance of winning the championship.种子选手 ②The automotive giant has announced plans to invest heavily in electric vehicle technology.大公司 ③The region has a characteristic climate with hot summers and mild winters, making it a popular tourist destination.特有的，独特的 [课后分层练13] (时间：45分钟　满分：76分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共8分) 1．Littering in the school campus is a disgrace (耻辱) to the entire school, and we should all take responsibility to keep it clean. 2．It is said that his ancestor (祖先) was a renowned scholar, making great contributions to the field of literature. 3．A single seed (种子) planted in the fertile soil has the potential to grow into a magnificent tree. 4．The scientist carefully examined the sample (样本) under the microscope to identify its unique characteristics. 5．The heated debate among the students generated (产生) many innovative ideas about how to solve the environmental problems on campus. 6．The recent survey results revealed (揭示) a serious lack of communication between students and teachers. 7．Several small businesses profit (获益) a great deal from making unique handmade crafts that appeal to tourists. 8．Participating in a survival training program in the wild is an adventure (冒险) that tests your physical strength and mental toughness. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．The distant mountain peak, standing at a great distance from us, seemed like a mysterious giant covered in the clouds.(distant) 2．The technology has evolved rapidly in recent decades, and this evolution has transformed every aspect of our daily lives.(evolve) 3．She suspected that her friend was hiding something from her, and her growing suspicion made her feel uneasy about their friendship.(suspect) 4．The teacher predicted that most of the students would perform well in the upcoming exam, and her prediction turned out to be accurate.(predict) 5．Our school regularly organizes scientific (science) research projects for students, providing us with the opportunity to explore the world. 6．Scientists are constantly searching for signs of the existence (exist) of life on other planets through space exploration. 7．At lunchtime, the school cafeteria is crowded with students eager to get their favorite meals. 8．My study habits are similar to those of my elder sister, as we both prefer to review lessons in the evening and take detailed notes. Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．正是这些热情的教师激励并引导着学生，培养他们对学习的热爱。 It is the passionate teachers that inspire and guide the students, cultivating their love for learning. 2．天空变得越来越暗，风也开始刮起来，似乎暴风雨就要来了。 It seemed that a storm was approaching as the sky grew darker and the wind began to blow. 3．我总是想知道其他学生是如何如此出色地平衡学业和课外活动的。 I always wonder how other students manage to balance their studies and extracurricular activities so well. 4．直到我加入了学校的篮球队，我才意识到团队合作有多么重要！ I didn't realize how important teamwork was until I joined the school basketball club. 5．这位老师把那些难懂的概念解释得如此清晰，以至于班上的每个学生都能轻松理解。 The teacher explains the difficult concepts so clearly that every student in the class can understand them easily． Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) The captain of the ship，the Beagle, wanted someone to profit by visiting 1 distant (distance) countries.Luckily, Darwin got the opportunity, 2 although/though/but he was not the captain's first choice.Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, 3 fascinated (fascinate) by rocks, plants and animals.The journey gave him the chance 4 to study (study) various living things in their natural environments.After Darwin 5 had spent (spend) some time in South America, his room was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.He began to consider the question 6 how different species came to exist.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other.Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their 7 changing (change) environments? Darwin decided to find out the truth.In 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds 8 that interested him the most.After much research，he came to the 9 conclusion (conclude) that new species evolved from earlier ancestors.Darwin explained this theory in his book ，On the Origin of Species, which 10 is regarded (regard) as one of the most important works ever written.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever, and it all began with the journey on the Beagle. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·山东泰安高二上期中)Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo is one of the most popular zoos in China, and now due to its daily live streaming programs, the number of its followers has risen significantly. At the same time, more young people are joining the zoo as keepers, said Shen Zhijun, head of the zoo.Of the 140 keepers at the zoo, 40 percent of them were born after 1995, and 20 percent of the keepers were born after 2000. Jia Tianci, 28, takes care of about 20 wolves at the zoo, where he started work in 2020 after graduating from Nanjing Agricultural University with a bachelor' s degree in veterinary (兽医的) medicine.Born and raised in Nanjing, Jia dreamed of becoming a vet.His parents didn't understand his decision to become a keeper until they saw him take care of the wolves. “I feel content when the wolves are mentally and physically healthy.Although they obviously cannot speak like humans, I can tell from changes in their waste, such as its color and smell, whether they are healthy，” Jia said.In addition to acting as a keeper, Jia accompanies and chats with visitors to the zoo.“I remember my visit to a zoo during my childhood.I loved watching the monkeys and feeding them cookies.However, after becoming a keeper, I realized that this type of behavior was totally wrong，” Jia said.“People love interacting with animals, but the first thing we tell visitors is not to disturb them.Behaviors such as banging (猛敲) things, shouting at the animals and feeding them, are harmful.” In 2013, Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo started to employ young keepers who have master's degrees.Shen said that certain people considered the employment of graduates with such degrees to be a total waste of talent. “Taking care of wildlife, especially endangered species, is a highly demanding job that requires continuous study，” Shen said.“Working at a zoo also calls for a broad knowledge of subjects such as biology, zoology and environmentalism.” [语篇解读]这是一篇新闻报道。本文以南京红山森林公园为例，介绍了越来越多的年轻人加入动物园担任饲养员。 1．What has contributed to the popularity of Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo? A．Many animal lovers. B．Selling goods online. C．Daily live broadcast. D．Animal performances. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段的描述：南京红山森林动物园是中国最受欢迎的动物园之一，现在由于每天都有直播节目，它的粉丝数量大幅增加。可知，南京红山森林动物园因其每日直播节目而受欢迎。故选C。 2．Why did Jia Tianci's parents disagree with his career choice at the beginning? A．They thought the job would be too boring. B．They were unaware of the job's significance. C．They thought their son wouldn't make ends meet. D．They expected their son would work in a cleaner environment. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句话的描述：他的父母一直不理解他成为饲养员的决定，直到他们看到他照顾狼群。 这说明贾天赐的父母最初不理解他成为饲养员的决定，直到看到他照顾狼才改变了看法。这表明他们最初对这份工作的意义并不了解。故选B。 3．What kind of job is an animal keeper in Jia Tianci's opinion? A．It is smelly but highly­paid. B．It is vital and risky. C．It is demanding but fulfilling. D．It is eye­catching and satisfying. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I feel content when the wolves are mentally and physically healthy.”以及“In addition to acting as a keeper, Jia accompanies and chats with visitors to the zoo.”可知，动物看护工作要求保证动物的身心健康，同时还需要陪伴游客聊天，所以要求是高的，但Jia Tianci认为动物看护工作虽然要求高但却很有成就感。故选C。 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Whoever likes animals is fit for the job. B．Taking care of wildlife calls for cooperation. C．Few young people are joining the zoo as keepers. D．Visitors should behave themselves when visiting zoos. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句话的描述：人们喜欢与动物互动，但我们首先要告诉游客的是不要打扰它们。敲打东西、对动物大喊大叫和喂它们等行为都是不好的。可推断出，游客在参观动物园时应该自律，遵守行为规范。故选D。 B Using genes from coffee plants from around the world, researchers built a family tree for the world's most popular kind of coffee.Scientists call it Coffea arabica.Coffee lovers know it simply as “arabica”． The researchers recently published a new study about coffee.They found that the species appeared around 600，000 years ago.The plant was likely the result of natural breeding(繁殖) of two other coffee species and likely developed without the help of humans. Wild coffee plants likely started in Ethiopia.But they are thought to have been first roasted (炒) and brewed in Yemen starting in the 1400s.In the 1600s, Indian monk Baba Budan is said to have taken seven raw coffee beans back to his homeland from Yemen, laying the beginnings for coffee's worldwide takeover. Arabica coffee, loved for its smooth and sweet flavour, now makes up 60 to 70 percent of the global coffee market.The rest of the market is made up of robusta, a stronger and more bitter­tasting coffee made from one of arabica's parents, Coffea canephora. To learn about arabica coffee's past, researchers studied the genetic information and they also studied more than 30 different arabica plants.One of the plants was a sample from the 1700s provided by the Natural History Museum in London.The Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus used that plant to give coffee its scientific name.Researchers from Nestle, a big Swiss food company which owns several coffee brands, helped with the study. The arabica plant's population changed over thousands of years before humans began growing it.The arabica plants did well during warm, wet periods and suffered through dry ones.These difficult times created what scientists call “population bottlenecks”， when only a small number of genetically similar plants survived. Today, these genetic similarities mean arabica coffee plants are more likely to be hurt by diseases like coffee leaf rust (锈病), which causes costly losses every year.The researchers explored the makeup of one arabica variety that is resistant to coffee leaf rust.They are interested in parts of its genetic code that could help protect the plant. Exploring arabica's past and present could help give information about how to keep coffee plants healthy—ensuring morning cups of coffee into the future. [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员利用来自世界各地的咖啡植物的基因，为世界上最受欢迎的一种咖啡建立了家谱。 5．When did people start creating coffee products probably? A．About 6，000，000 ago. B．In the 1400s. C．In the 1600s. D．In the 1700s. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话的描述：但人们认为，从15世纪开始，它们首先在也门被烘烤和酿造。可知，人们大概是在15世纪开始生产咖啡产品的。故选B。 6．What can we learn about Coffea canephora from the text? A．It occupies the vast majority of the market share. B．It is more popular among coffee lovers. C．It has a certain connection with Coffea arabica. D．Scientists use it to give coffee its scientific name. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第四段第二句话的描述：市场的其余部分由罗布斯塔咖啡构成，这是一种味道更浓、更苦的咖啡，由阿拉比卡的上一代之一咖啡(Coffea canephora)制成。可推断出，Coffea canephora与阿拉比卡咖啡有一定的联系。故选C。 7．Why have researchers established a family tree for Coffee arabica? A．To search for common genes. B．To explore the history of the coffee industry. C．To open up new coffee producing areas. D．To improve the disease resistance of coffee. 解析：选D。细节理解题。倒数第二段中的描述：如今，这些基因相似性意味着阿拉比卡咖啡树更容易受到像咖啡叶锈病这样的疾病的伤害，这种疾病每年都会造成巨额损失。以及最后一段：探究阿拉比卡咖啡的过去和现在有助于获取关于如何种植健康咖啡的信息 ……由此推断出研究人员要建立阿拉比卡咖啡的家谱是为了提高咖啡的抗病性，培育出健康的咖啡品种。故选D。 8．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Genetic Changes in Coffee B．Researchers Study Coffee's Past C．Development of Various Types of Coffee D．The Situation Faced by the Coffee Industry 解析：选B。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了研究人员对阿拉比卡咖啡的研究，包括其历史、基因组成以及如何提高其抗病性等方面。其中，探索阿拉比卡咖啡的过去是文章的一个重要内容，因此选项B“研究人员研究咖啡的过去”最适合作为文章标题。其他选项A、C、D都只是涉及文章内容的某个方面，不够全面。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·四川威远中学检测)When it comes to my fathering lessons, few adventures compare to the motorcycle trips I've shared with my daughter, Ewa. Our first 1 ， in August 2017, was a winding (蜿蜒的) ride around the Catskills and Finger Lake districts of New York state.We 2 big highways and spent the week on 3 scenic back roads.At one point, I found myself 4 along a Catskills meadow not far from Woodstock, keeping pace with a deer and shouting, “Go Bambi, go！” On our second day, we 5 in a small town for ice cream.I asked the woman at the picnic table next to us: “What's the 6 of this town？” “Interlaken，” she answered.“Where are you trying to get to？”“We don't know，”I answered. It 7 to me then that I'd always wanted to do this no­schedule kind of trip, when you ride just for riding.Ask any middle­aged 8 ： We've all dreamed about doing the Easy Rider (逍遥骑士) thing, throwing our wristwatches into the ditch and heading toward the horizon without a 9 ．Now, travelling with no plan became a 10 of my rides with Ewa. Since we almost 11 knew where we were going, we were almost never 12 when we arrived, pulling 13 the road at the end of each day with satisfaction.The reason to celebrate? We 14 ！ The truth is that life on a motorbike is one close call (死里逃生) after another.On the way, riders must stay 15 100 percent of the time.A tiny stone can be deadly.I used to be nervous, but Ewa had a different take: “To me, motorcycling is like meditation(冥想).” [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和女儿一起骑摩托车旅行的经历，他们没有具体的计划和目的地，只是随意地骑行，享受旅途中的美景和冒险。 1． A．sail B．flight C．goal D．journey 解析：选D。根据下文 “a winding ride around the Catskills and Finger Lake districts of New York state” 可知，作者和女儿进行的是一次骑行之旅，所以这里指的是他们的第一次 “旅程”(journey)。故选D。 2． A．avoided B．chose C．built D．promoted 解析：选A。根据前文“a winding (蜿蜒的) ride”和后文“spent the week on 3 scenic back roads”可知，作者和女儿避开了(avoid)高速公路，选择在弯曲、风景优美的小路上骑行。故选A。 3． A．straight B．twisty C．main D．broad 解析：选B。前文提到 “a winding ride”，说明旅程路线蜿蜒曲折，所以这里应是在 “蜿蜒的”(twisty)风景优美的乡村小路上骑行。 故选B。 4． A．walking B．running C．riding D．laughing 解析：选C。文章讲述的是摩托车骑行之旅，所以作者是 “骑行”(riding) 在卡茨基尔山的草地上。故选C。 5． A．settled B．stopped C．landed D．moved 解析：选B。根据 “for ice cream” 可知，他们在一个小镇 “停下来”(stopped) 去买冰淇淋。故选B。 6． A．population B．rule C．name D．position 解析：选C。根据回答 “Interlaken” 可知，作者问的是这个小镇的 “名字”(name)。故选C。 7． A．occurred B．happened C．mattered D．referred 解析：选A。“It occurred to sb.that...” 是固定句型，意为 “某人突然想到 ……”，这里表示作者突然想到自己一直想进行这种无计划的旅行。故选A。 8． A．engineer B．bicyclist C．chemist D．motorcyclist 解析：选D。文章讲述的是摩托车骑行，所以这里指的是任何中年 “摩托车骑手”(motorcyclist)。故选D。 9． A．destination B．reaction C．exploration D．explanation 解析：选A。前文提到 “throwing our wristwatches into the ditch and heading toward the horizon without a．..”，结合无计划旅行的语境，这里指的是没有 “目的地”(destination)。故选A。 10．A．course B．benefit C．feature D．present 解析：选C。根据上文可知，无计划旅行成为了作者和 Ewa 骑行的一个 “特点”(feature)。故选C。 11．A．never B．always C．completely D．absolutely 解析：选A。前文提到他们进行无计划的旅行，所以几乎 “从不”(never) 知道要去哪里。故选A。 12．A．satisfied B．disappointed C．surprised D．frightened 解析：选B。因为他们没有计划，不知道要去哪里，所以到达时几乎从不 “失望”(disappointed)。故选B。 13．A．out B．in C．off D．down 解析：选C。“pull off the road” 是固定短语，意为 “靠边停车”，这里指他们每天骑行结束时把车停靠路边，感到很满足。故选C。 14．A．grew B．failed C．waited D．survived 解析：选D。后文提到 “life on a motorbike is one close call after another”，说明摩托车骑行很危险，所以这里庆祝的原因是他们 “活下来了”(survived)。故选D。 15．A．silent B．smooth C．careful D．energetic 解析：选C。根据 “A tiny stone can be deadly.” 可知，骑行时路上一个小石子都可能致命，所以骑手必须时刻保持 “小心”(careful)。故选C。 Section Ⅱ　Using language—Past perfect ①It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. ②What's more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”． ③After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. ④At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time，and had not changed since. ⑤Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before. 【我的感悟】 (1)第①③④⑤句的过去完成时都是从句的谓语动词，动作发生在主句谓语动词(一般过去时)之前。 (2)第②句主句谓语动词就是过去完成时。 结论：过去完成时的动作发生在句子中某个一般过去时的动作之前，属于“过去的过去”。往往能对比两个动作发生的时间先后。 一、过去完成时的定义和构成 (1)过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”；也可表示从过去某一时间开始的动作或状态一直持续到过去的另一时间。 (2)过去完成时由“助动词had＋动词的过去分词”构成。常与by、for、before、since等构成的表示时间的介词短语或由after、before、since、when、by the time等引导的时间状语从句连用。 二、过去完成时的基本用法 1．在包含when、before、after、until等连词的主从复合句中，如果主句谓语和从句谓语表示的过去动作是在不同时间发生的，那么先发生的动作通常需要用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。 After they had completed the decoration of the classroom, it took on a strikingly beautiful and festive appearance. 在他们完成教室的装饰后，教室呈现出了一种极其漂亮且充满节日气氛的外观。 2．在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句或间接引语中，常用过去完成时表示从句中的动作发生在主句中的过去动作之前。 ①Tom told his friend that he had visited the Great Wall twice by the end of last year. 汤姆告诉他的朋友到去年年底他已经去过长城两次了。 ②I heard that my deskmate had won first prize in the English speech contest. 我听说我的同桌在英语演讲竞赛中获得了一等奖。 3．当think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend、wish、expect等动词表示“过去未曾/没有实现的想法/希望/打算/意图等”时，常用过去完成时。 ①They had hoped to reach their home before sunset, but the traffic jam held them up. 他们原本希望在日落前到家，但交通堵塞耽搁了他们。 ②The student council had planned to organize a grand music festival to showcase the diverse talents of the students. 学生会原本计划在校园里组织一场盛大的音乐节，以展示学生们的各种才艺。 4．在条件状语从句中，表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句要用过去完成时。 If they had left earlier, they would have caught the first train. 如果他们当时出发更早一些，他们就能赶上第一班火车了。 5．在表示“一 ……就 ……”的两个句型“scarcely/hardly...when...”和“no sooner...than...”中，scarcely、hardly、no sooner所在主句中的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而when、than引导的从句应用一般过去时。 No sooner had the rain stopped than people came out of their houses to enjoy the fresh air. 雨刚一停，人们就从家里出来享受新鲜空气。 6．在句型“This/It was the first/second/...time＋that从句”或“This was the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋that从句”中，从句常用过去完成时；在“It was＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型中，从句常用过去完成时。 ①This was the first time that she had gone to Beijing alone, which was a new and exciting experience for her. 这是她第一次独自一人去北京，这对她而言是一段新鲜又令人兴奋的经历。 ②It was a decade since he had left his hometown.Whenever he thought about it, a flood of memories would come back. 他离开家乡已经十年了。每当想起这件事，满满的回忆就会涌上心头。 ————即学即练———— 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 ①We heard that the teacher had chosen (choose) a very interesting novel for us to read and discuss in class. ②She had planned (plan) that her family would go on a trip to the seaside during the summer vacation to enjoy the sunshine and beach. ③It was the first time that we had watched (watch) a film as a family. ④This was (be) the most beautiful painting that I had seen, which left a deep impression on me. ⑤If they had taken (take) my advice, they wouldn't have made such a big mistake. ⑥No sooner had the school­ending bell rung than the students rushed (rush) out of the classroom and headed for the dining room to have lunch. ⑦It was several months since they had seen (see) each other last week.They were really looking forward to a new get­together. ⑧After the teacher had explained the difficult grammar point, I finally understood (understand) how to use it in sentences. 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 1．(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped (drop) me off four days before. 2．(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)When I finally finished it ，the thought of winning had given (give) way to the enjoyment of writing. 3．(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)It felt great to know that I had helped (help) bring this family together again. 4．(2023·北京卷) I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest had arrived (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 5．(2023·北京卷) I had put (put) so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career. [课后分层练14] (时间：45分钟　满分：77.5分) Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．He declined to take (take) part in the party last night because he was exhausted after a long­day work. 2．The unique characteristics (characteristic) of this culture are deeply rooted in its long history and traditions. 3．The students were blamed (blame) for cheating in the exam, which seriously violated the school's regulations. 4．Dating back to the 6th century, the art of paper­cutting is native to China. 5．Driving past the small village, we saw goats (goat) eating grass on the hillside. 6．Many species are on the edge of extinction (extinct) due to habitat loss and climate change. 7．The city's cultural diversity (diverse) is one of its greatest attractions.People from different ethnic backgrounds bring in their unique traditions. 8．The annual school sports meeting was declared (declare) open by the principal with an inspiring speech. Ⅱ.链接写作——完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．昨天我见到了我的初中英语老师。我已经三年没见到她了。 I met my junior English teacher yesterday.I had not seen her for three years． 2．我做完作业后，就出去和朋友们踢足球了。 After I had finished my homework, I went out to play football with my friends. 3．当晨钟敲响的时候，学生们早已来到教室，满怀热情地准备上第一节课。 By the time the morning bell rang, students had already arrived at the classroom，preparing for the first class with great enthusiasm. 4．他们一到达山顶，就被那美丽的景色惊呆了。 Hardly had they reached the top of the mountain，when they were amazed by the beautiful view. 5．这是她第一次在公共场合讲话，她非常紧张。 It was the first time that she had spoken in public，and she was very nervous. Ⅲ.链接写作——完成语段(每小题1.5分，共12分) During the May Day holiday, our class 1 organized a meaningful social practice activity (组织了一次有意义的社会实践活动).The aim was to let us understand the value of labor and develop a sense of caring for the elderly. Before we set off, 2 we had made careful plans (我们已经制定了详细的计划).3 When we arrived at the nursing home (当我们到达养老院时), we found that some students 4 had already started cleaning (已经开始打扫) the corridors.Others 5 had swept the rooms (已经清扫了房间) and changed the sheets.By noon, we 6 had prepared a delicious meal (已经准备好了美味的饭菜) for the elderly. The activity was really rewarding.We had realized that the elderly need our attention and love.This experience 7 had also taught us (也已经教会了我们) the importance of respecting and helping others.8 We all agreed that (我们都认为) it was an unforgettable and fulfilling May Day. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·山东临沂高二上期中)BAM­bam­bam­bam­bam­bam­bam­bam.When the sound began a couple of weeks ago, our dog thought we were under attack.He ran between the storm door and the window back and forth, looking for attackers and barking his head off. What he's hearing are acorns (橡子) dropping from the white oak tree.The acorns hit the roof, I race outside, trying to beat the chipmunks (金花鼠).It's unusual for a grown woman to be racing chipmunks for chipmunk food, but I'm collecting acorns for a good reason. As Douglas W．Tallamy explains in his remarkable 2021 book, The Nature of Oaks, oaks are the central life form upon which so many other species in the wild depend.Hundreds of insects feed on oak leaves, and those insects in turn feed birds and even other insects.Oaks are commercially valuable, too, used in making everything from furniture to flooring. We understand the ecological benefits of oak trees.We understand how many commercial industries rely on wood from oaks.But even though we know those things, “Older white oak trees are not being replaced by younger white oak trees at a pace that will support long­term survival，” according to the White Oak Initiative.In my neighborhood, some giant old trees are cut down to make room for ever­bigger houses.Still, others are removed out of nothing more than fashion to “improve” the curb appeal of the house or to be replaced by a less “messy” tree, among other foolish reasons. With all the trees lost in my neighborhood, I have a plan for my acorns.It's possible to buy young trees from a nursery, of course, but oaks do better when planted from acorns, and now is the time to collect them.Last fall I tried to plant some acorns from a friend's chestnut oak, but the squirrels (松鼠) dug them all up and carried them off.This year I'll plant my acorns in flowerpots and protect them with bricks and wire mesh.Come spring, I'll hand the seedlings (幼苗) out like Easter eggs. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作者为保护橡树打算将橡子种在花盆并保护，来年春天分发幼苗。核心是强调橡树的重要性及作者的保护行动。 1．Why does the author race outside? A．To drive the chipmunks away. B．To prove she's a grown woman. C．To find out the reason for the sound. D．To gather acorns ahead of the chipmunks. 解析：选D。 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句： 一个成年女人和金花鼠赛跑抢金花鼠的食物是不寻常的，但我收集橡子是有充分理由的。 可知，作者跑出去是为了赶在金花鼠之前收集橡子。故选 D。 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The value of oaks. B．The spread of oaks. C．The decrease of oaks. D．The symbolism of oaks. 解析：选A。主旨大意题。第三段先是阐述了橡树是许多野生物种赖以生存的核心生命形式，体现了其生态价值，接着又说橡树在商业上也很有价值，用于制作从家具到地板等各种东西，所以整段主要讲的是橡树的价值。故选 A。 3．What does the author think of replacing oak trees with other trees? A．Necessary. B．Creative. C．Fashionable. D．Stupid. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句话：还有一些人仅仅因为时尚就移除了它们，以“改善”房屋的街道吸引力，或者用一棵不那么“杂乱”的树来取代它们，这是其他愚蠢的原因之一。可推断出，作者认为因为这些原因用其他树替换橡树是愚蠢的。故选 D。 4．What will the author do this year? A．Plant acorns in flowerpots. B．Buy oak seedlings from a nursery. C．Give away oak seedlings at Easter. D．Drive the squirrels out of the neighborhood． 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句话 “This year I'll plant my acorns in flowerpots and protect them with bricks and wire mesh.” 可知，作者今年打算把橡子种在花盆里并用砖块和金属网保护起来。故选 A。 B (2025·山西晋城高二上期中)By the time you finish reading this, a species on Earth might disappear forever.Humans need a variety of animals, plants, and microorganisms for healthy living.Studies show that the decline in biodiversity, or the variety of life on Earth, causes a serious threat to our existence.My colleagues and I found that biodiversity is also important for mental health. Contact with nature benefits mental health，particularly for city residents.People living near green spaces have a 71% lower risk of developing depression and anxiety.However, most studies have not looked at how natural diversity influences these benefits.To explore this, we studied whether environments with many natural features, like trees, plants, and wildlife, improve mental health more than those with fewer features.From April 2018 to September 2023, 1，998 people used the Urban Mind app to report their environment and mental health over 41，000 times. We discovered that green spaces with high natural diversity offer more mental health benefits than those with low diversity.Participants reported that nearly a quarter of this positive impact was due to natural diversity, and these benefits could last up to eight hours.Our study suggests that to promote mental health, we should protect biodiversity.This means moving away from decorative gardens and parks with cut grass, which have low biodiversity, toward natural fields and streams that support a variety of plants and animals. Other studies support our findings.A survey of 15，000 families revealed that those living near areas rich in plants and birds had lower rates of mental health issues, even after accounting for social and economic differences.Our study adds that even brief, daily meets with biodiverse nature can improve mental health.Biodiverse nature wakens the senses, improves focus, and reduces mental tiredness.It also encourages outdoor exercise and social interaction, which improve mood.Additionally, diverse environments reduce pollutants and moderate temperatures, protecting against chronic (慢性的) conditions and stress. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，介绍了生物多样性对人类心理健康的重要性。研究发现，生活在自然多样性的环境中能显著降低抑郁和焦虑风险。 5．What does the passage say about the decline in biodiversity? A．It mostly harms animals. B．It is not important to humans. C．It is a serious danger to humans. D．It only happens in the countryside. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话的描述：研究表明，生物多样性或地球上生命种类的减少对我们的生存造成了严重威胁。可知，生物多样性的减少对人类的生存构成严重威胁，故选C。 6．What conclusion does the study draw about green spaces? A．We should plant more trees in urban parks. B．We should reduce the focus on decorative gardens. C．We should limit public access to protect green spaces. D．We should shift from low biodiversity to natural diversity. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话的描述：这意味着要摆脱低生物多样性的装饰花园和公园的修剪草坪，向自然的田野和溪流，支持各种植物和动物的自然生物多样性过渡。可知，为了促进心理健康，要从低生物多样性转向支持多种植物和动物的自然生物多样性过渡。故选D。 7．What does the underlined word “moderate” most likely mean in Paragraph 4? A．Increase. B．Balance. C．Decrease. D．Manage. 解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“Additionally, diverse environments reduce pollutants.”和后文“protecting against chronic (慢性的) conditions and stress”可知，文中强调多样化的环境对健康有益，暗示温度既不能过高也不能过低，而是需要保持适中。moderate表达的是对温度的正面调节。所以balance(平衡)最符合文意，故选B。 8．What would be the best title for this passage? A．The Environmental Impact of Urban Parks B．The Benefits of Physical Activity in Nature C．How Social Interaction Improves Well­being D．How Natural Diversity Influences Mental Health 解析：选D。主旨大意题。文章开篇指出生物多样性对人类生存很重要，接着通过研究表明生物多样性对心理健康也很重要，接触自然特别是生物多样性高的环境能带来更多心理健康益处，最后进一步说明其他研究也支持这一观点。所以文章主要围绕自然多样性如何影响心理健康展开。故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·四川成都高二上检测)Field trips have now become a popular and well­established method of education.A field trip is a journey organized by schools or educational institutions to a place outside of the classroom.1( ) Therefore, the activities during a field trip are often designed to provide them with hands­on experiences. Field trips can be taken to a variety of destinations.The most popular ones include museums, factories, zoos and botanical gardens.Field trips can also involve visits to historical sites and other places of interest.Sometimes even an outing to a park nearby can make a good field trip.2( ) Field trips help improve academic performance.Participants in a field trip are engaged in various activities about a subject matter.3( ) They could also pick up new knowledge through observation and interaction.Studies provide evidence that field trips can increase students' test scores. 4( ) During a field trip, students are exposed to interactive activities and novel experiences that are not often available in a classroom, which awakens their interest and helps them rediscover the joy in study.This may be particularly important for students who are struggling academically. A field trip can be challenging to organize due to factors such as high costs and safety concerns.5( ) Teachers regard this outing as a good way of helping students and developing a good relationship with them.Students, moreover, may remember the experience of the school field trip as a highlight of the school year. A．Field trips also promote a love of learning. B．That is why field trips are in decline in recent years. C．In this way, they could gain a better understanding of it. D．It is intended to help students learn in a real­world context. E．The quality of a field trip always depends on its destination. F．Still, it is believed that a well­chosen field trip is worth the difficulties. G．Whatever the destination is, the key is to make sure the trip is practical. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了实地考察，包括其具体内容、优点以及存在的缺陷。 1．解析：选D。设空处引起下文。根据下句：因此，实地考察中的活动通常旨在为他们提供实践经验。可知，实地考察是为他们提供实践经验。选项D“它旨在帮助学生在现实环境中学习。”与下文内容一致，指的都是实地考察的目的。其中“students”和下文的“them”一致。故选D。 2．解析：选G。设空处总结本段。该段介绍了实地考察可以去各种各样的目的地，如博物馆、工厂、动物园、植物园、历史遗迹等，甚至附近的公园也可以成为实地考察的好地方。G项“无论目的地是哪里，关键是要确保这次旅行具有实用性。”总结了前面关于目的地多样性的内容，强调了实地考察的关键要点，符合语境。故选G。 3．解析：选C。设空处承上启下。前文提到：实地考察的参与者会参与关于某个主题的各种活动。C项“通过这种方式，他们可以更好地理解这个主题。”“这种方式” 指代前面参与活动，说明了参与活动能带来更好理解主题的效果，与上下文衔接紧密。故选C。 4．解析：选A。设空处是段首句。此段后文提到：在实地考察期间，学生接触到课堂上不常见的互动活动和新奇体验，这激发了他们的兴趣，帮助他们重新发现学习的乐趣。A项“实地考察还能激发对学习的热爱。”起到了总领全段的作用，引出了后文关于激发学习兴趣和乐趣的内容。故选A。 5．解析：选F。设空处承上启下。前文指出：由于成本高和安全问题等因素，实地考察可能很难组织。后文提到：老师们认为这次外出是帮助学生和与他们建立良好关系的好方法。此外，学生们可能会将学校实地考察的经历铭记为一学年的亮点。F项“不过，人们认为精心选择的实地考察值得克服这些困难。”起到了转折作用，既承认了组织实地考察有困难，又强调了其价值，与前后文逻辑相符。故选F。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·安徽合肥高二上期中)Around 10，000 years ago, as people in present­day West Asia began to domesticate (培育) wheat and barley, a similar development took place in China, 1 people began to cultivate rice.This marked the emergence of rice agriculture, which 2 (have) a profound influence on people's lives in various parts of the world ever since. For years, Shangshan Culture, 3 Neolithic culture from 11，000 to 8，500 years ago in the Jinqu Basin in the middle and western part of East China's Zhejiang Province, has been widely recognized as a source of rice agriculture 4 many related relics found in its sites.A new discovery may add insights into the Shangshan people's rice domestication, 5 (announce) by the National Cultural Heritage Administration in Beijing on Sept.13. The Huangchaodun Site, 6 (date) back 9，300 to 8，000 years in Quzhou, Zhejiang, unveiled remnants(残迹) of settlements surrounded by a moat (护城河).More importantly, an area to the east of the settlements, covering 15，000 square meters, is 7 (possible) the earliest rice field ever discovered with a dense distribution of rice phytoliths (植物岩), or 8 (remain) of rice. Zhou Dongya, a member of the archaeological team, told Zhejiang Daily, “We generally believe 9 is hard for a rice field to be preserved for several thousand years.Only under very special conditions, could the field have continued to be utilized by people of later generations.We still need further studies 10 (confirm) if it was really a rice field.” [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲在金衢盆地关于上山人培育水稻的新发现。 1．解析：where。考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词China。先行词在从句中充当地点状语，要用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2．解析：has had。考查动词时态和主谓一致。设空处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据从句中的时间状语ever since可知，要用现在完成时；先行词是主句所描述的事情，谓语动词要用单数形式。故填has had。 3．解析：a。考查冠词。设空处是同位语，解释前面的名词，泛指一种新石器文化，Neolithic发音是以辅音音素开头。故填a。 4．解析：with。考查介词。此处考查“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，with的宾语是many related relics；宾补是found。故填with。 5．解析：announced。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词是may add；设空处是非谓语动词作定语，与其所修饰的名词a new discovery之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填announced。 6．解析：dating。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词是unveiled；设空处是非谓语动词作定语，与其所修饰的名词Site之间是主动关系，且date back to不能用于被动语态中。故填dating。 7．解析：possibly。考查副词。此处表达：可能是迄今为止发现的最早的稻田。设空处单词修饰句子的谓语动词is；所以要用其副词形式作状语。故填possibly。 8．解析：remains。考查名词的数。连词or连接两个名词。设空处表达：水稻的残留物。要用复数形式。故填remains。 9．解析：it。这里考查it is＋adj.＋to do句型，表示“做某事是 ……的”，为固定句型，其中it在这里作形式主语。故填it。 10．解析：to confirm。考查非谓语动词。此处表达：我们还需要进一步的研究来确认它是否真的是一片稻田。此空应填不定式作目的状语。故填to confirm。 Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Step One　Lead­in If we could understand plant communication in the future, how do you think it would change our relationship with nature? Probably we could grow crops more effectively, reducing pesticide use.Also it would raise public awareness of plant life, leading to better ecological protection and harmonious relationship between human and nature. Step Two　Read for the main idea Match the main idea with each section. Section 1 (Paras.1－2) A．Plants communicate with each other by releasing chemicals as a warning. Section 2 (Para.3) B．Scientists are learning more about plant communication.Maybe one day humans can “talk” with plants. Section 3 (Paras.4－5) C．New research shows plants can actually communicate，which was once a myth. Section 4 (Para.6) D．Not only can plants communicate by sound, but they can also communicate using wood wide web. 答案：Section 1—C　Section 2—A　Section 3—D　Section 4—B Step Three　Read for details Ⅰ.Read Section 1 (Paras.1－2) carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Who were said to have visited a talking tree in India, and what modern story also features communicating plants? Alexander the Great and Marco Polo.A modern example is the film Avatar, where trees can communicate with animals and people. 2．What does the new research reveal according to Paragraph 2? The new research reveals that plants can communicate, though people long believed talking plants were just fantasy. Ⅱ.Read Section 2 (Para.3) carefully and do the following exercises. 1．When a bean plant is attacked by insects, what will it do? A．Release chemicals to attract more insects. B．Release chemicals as a warning signal. C．Release chemicals to kill the insects directly. D．Release chemicals to make itself grow faster. 2．What's the purpose of scientists studying the plant warning system? A．To make plants grow taller and stronger. B．To help plants communicate better. C．To grow crops without pesticides. D．To protect plants from all diseases. 答案：1.B　2.C Ⅲ.Read Section 3 (Paras.4－5) carefully and do the following exercises. 1．How do some plants use sound to communicate according to Paragraph 4? A．Make noises with their roots and listen to others. B．Make noises with their leaves and feel others. C．Make noises with their stems and hear others. D．Make noises with their flowers and watch others. 2．What is true about the “wood wide web” in Paragraph 5? A．It is linked by cables above the ground. B．It helps plants steal food only. C．It is a system similar to the Internet. D．It can stop plants attacking each other. 答案：1.A　2.C Ⅳ.Read Section 4 (Para.6) carefully and do the following exercise. What does the author think might happen in the future? The author thinks that maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the following question with your partners and present your answer to the class. If we can fully understand plant communication, how might it change our approach to environmental conservation? Your presentation： Positively, we could better protect ecosystems by accurately meeting plants' needs, like watering them at the right time.However, there could be over­interference, disrupting natural plant communication and ecological balance. ◎ The Secret Language of Plants Talking plants have long been a thing of myths①and legends②.Many cultures have stories of talking trees [1]that give advice as well as③ warnings to people．Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with④ animals and people. [1]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词talking trees。 [2]With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy⑤， new research has revealed something amazing：[3]it appears that plants can communicate after all⑥. [2]with复合结构“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”作状语。 [3]it appears that...意为“似乎 ……”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的宾语从句。 [4]It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects.The plant releases tiny amounts of⑦ chemicals from the leaves [5]that are being eaten．This is like a warning, or a call for help：“I'm being attacked！” When another bean plant detects⑧ the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects away⑨.Others attract insects—the wasps⑩！ The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants.Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, [6]so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides⑪. [4]It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 [5]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词leaves。 [6]so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”。 More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate.People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them.Some plants make noises with their roots⑫.Corn and chilli⑬ plants do this.They also “listen” to the noises from other plants.A chilli plant can tell [7]if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly．Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，[8]indicating⑭ drought is arriving. [7]if引导宾语从句，作tell的宾语。 [8]indicating...为动词­ing形式作伴随状语。 Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication [9]that can link⑮ nearly every plant in a forest．Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”．It is in some ways similar to⑯ the Internet we use.[10]While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers [11]linked by cables⑰ and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi⑱.This fungal⑲ network links the roots of different plants to each other.[12]Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other.For example, some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow.But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own version⑳ of “cybercrime㉑”．Plants can steal food from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants.Perhaps one day scientists will learn [13]how to create a “firewall㉒” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web. [9]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词system。 [10]While在此是并列连词，表示对比。 [11]linked by...为动词­ed形式作后置定语，修饰名词computers。 [12]Using the wood...为动词­ing形式作伴随状语。 [13]“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作learn的宾语。 Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways [14]in which plants talk to each other．Who knows? Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. [14]in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词ways。 ①myth n．(古代的)神话 ②legend n．传说，传奇(故事) ③as well as 也；又(连接并列结构) ④communicate with sb.与某人交流 ⑤fantasy n．幻想 ⑥after all 毕竟；终究 ⑦tiny amounts of 微量的 ⑧detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物) ⑨drive...away 把 ……赶走 ⑩wasp n．黄蜂 ⑪pesticide n．杀虫剂，农药 ⑫root n．根 ⑬chilli n．辣椒 ⑭indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示 ⑮link v．把 ……联系起来；连接 ⑯be similar to 与 ……相似 ⑰cable n．电缆 ⑱fungus n．真菌(复数fungi) ⑲fungal adj.真菌的 ⑳version n．说法，描述；版本 ㉑cybercrime n．网络犯罪 ㉒firewall n．防火墙 ◎ 植物密语 会说话的植物一直是神话传说中的一大元素。在许多种文化中流传下来的故事里，会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵会说话的树。在一些现代故事——例如电影《阿凡达》中，树可以与人类和动物沟通交流。 我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。 人们早就知道植物之间可以利用化学物质进行交流。当一株植物——比如豆科植物——被昆虫袭击时，就会发生这种情况。正遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的化学物质，这像是警示，抑或是求救：“我被攻击了！”当另一株豆类植物察觉到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质，其中一些能驱赶昆虫，而另一些则会吸引另一种昆虫——黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死那些啃食豆类植物的昆虫。科学家们希望能进一步了解这种植物警报系统，从而将其应用于不用使用农药的农作物的种植。 更不可思议的是，植物也能用声音交流。虽然人类听不到，但植物确实会制造出声音。有些植物通过根部发出声响，比如玉米和辣椒。它们还能“听见”其他植物发出的声响。由此，辣椒可以判断自己附近的植物是敌是友。还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。 最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起森林中所有的植物。科学家们称之为“植物万维网”。在某种程度上，它很像人类使用的互联网。互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。这个真菌网络将不同植物的根彼此连接，通过它，植物可以互相分享信息甚至是食物。比如，某些松树会通过真菌网络向松树幼苗输送养料，帮助它们生长。但是，像互联网一样，植物万维网也会发生“网络犯罪”。植物会偷取同伴的养料，或散播有毒物质攻击其他植物。也许未来某一天，科学家会研究出建造“防火墙”的方法来阻止植物万维网中的这些攻击。 科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。谁知道呢？说不定哪一天，我们就能足够了解植物沟通的知识，从而亲自和植物“聊天”了。 link v．把 ……联系起来；连接 n．联系；连接；关系；纽带 【教材原句】　Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. 最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起森林中所有的植物。 【用法归纳】 (1)link...to/with... 把 ……和 ……连接/联系起来 be linked to/with 与 ……有关；与 ……有联系 (2)a/the link between...and... ……和 ……之间的联系 a/the website link 网络链接 【佳句必背】　①(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.人们常常将自己对所读内容的记忆，与它在书页上的位置，或是在书中读到该内容的具体位置联系起来。 ②To join the after­school club activities, students just need to click a website link provided in the school notice.(应用文之通知)要参加课外社团活动，学生只需点击学校通知里提供的网站链接。 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ①(应用文之邀请信)那些教室都配备了现代化的电子设备，所有设备均已联网。 Those classrooms are equipped with modern electronic facilities, all of which are linked to the Internet． ②老师试图把新词汇和现实生活情境联系起来，这让学生更容易理解和记忆。 The teacher tried to link the new words to/with real­life situations, which made it easier for students to understand and remember. ③(应用文之建议信)在我看来，学生的成绩与其学习习惯密切相关。 As far as I'm concerned, students' grades are closely linked with their study habits． ④定期锻炼和身体健康之间有明显的联系。 There is a clear link between regular exercise and good health． as well as 和，也，还有，以及 【教材原句】　 Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people.在许多种文化中流传下来的故事里，会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。 【用法归纳】 (1)as well as被看作复合介词，后接名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)等；当后接动词时，多用动词­ing形式。当表示“除 ……之外(还)”时，相当于besides和in addition to。 (2)as well as连接两个并列结构作主语时，谓语动词须和as well as前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 (3)as well表示“也；又；而且”，相当于too和also，通常用于肯定句句末。 (4)may/might as well do sth.相当于had better do sth.，表示“最好做某事；不妨做某事”。 【佳句必背】　I propose starting a Spoken English Club to improve students' language skills as well as to encourage social interaction.(应用文之建议信) 我提议成立一个英语口语俱乐部，以提高学生的语言技能，并促进社交互动。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Usually our monitor as well as other group leaders is (be) in charge of organizing the after­class activities for the whole class. ②The study group is discussing an important topic.You might/may as well join them and exchange ideas to broaden your thinking. ③The teacher is responsible for teaching knowledge as well as inspiring (inspire) students' creativity. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④上周日，我们这些志愿者来到了幸福养老院，带去了一些鲜花、新鲜水果，还有我们最美好的祝愿。 Last Sunday, we volunteers arrived at the Happiness Nursing Home, bringing some flowers and fresh fruit as well as our best wishes． ⑤(应用文之建议信) 你应该广泛阅读以扩充知识面。你也可以考虑加入一个读书俱乐部。 You should read widely to expand your knowledge.You might consider joining a book club as well． It has been known that...众所周知/据悉 ……(it充当形式主语) 【教材原句】　It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. 人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。 【用法归纳】 (1)It is/was＋adj.＋that从句 It is/was important (impossible, strange) that (2)It is/was＋过去分词＋that从句 It is/was said (reported, believed, thought) that (3)It is/was＋名词(短语)＋that从句 It is/was a pity/an honour that (4)It＋不及物动词(seem, appear, occur)＋that从句 【佳句必背】　①It has been known that reducing waste generation is crucial for environmental protection.(应用文之倡议书) 众所周知，减少垃圾产生对于环境保护至关重要。 ②It is said that drinking a glass of warm milk before going to bed can help you fall asleep faster.(应用文之建议信) 据说睡前喝一杯温牛奶有助于更快入睡。 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ①与朋友坦诚交流很重要，这能增进你们之间的关系。 It is important that you communicate openly with your friends, which can strengthen your relationships. ②我们认为在春节期间与家人团聚一起分享美味的饭菜是一件必须做的事情。 It is believed that it's a must for family members to get together and share delicious meals during the Spring Festival. ③建议你每天晚上有足够的睡眠，这能确保你第二天有精力学习、听课。 It is suggested that you get enough sleep every night, which can ensure that you have the energy to study and listen to classes the next day． ④我突然想到我很久没给花浇水了，它们可能快旱死了。 It occurs to me that I haven't watered the flowers for a long time.They might be dying of thirst. 写出句中加黑单词的汉语意思 ①The idea that you can get rich quickly without any effort is just a myth.荒诞的说法 ②Scientists are trying to find the root of the mysterious disease to develop a cure.根源 ③Before you start reading the map, make sure you understand the legend, which explains the symbols and colors used.(地图或书中图表的)图例 [课后分层练15] (时间：45分钟　满分：80.5分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共10分) 1．The myth (神话) about the goddess of the moon has been passed down from generation to generation. 2．He carefully cut a piece of paper into a square with each side measuring 10 centimeters (厘米) for his art project. 3．The old man told the children a local legend (传说) about a hidden treasure in the mountains, filling their eyes with wonder and excitement. 4．We must get to the root (根源) of the problem in order to find a lasting solution and prevent it from recurring. 5．The teacher tried to link (联系) the historical events to the present­day situation to make the lesson more relevant for the students. 6．Before spraying the pesticide (杀虫剂), the gardener carefully read the instructions to ensure its safe and effective application on the plants. 7．Education is a powerful weapon against cybercrime (网络犯罪)—by teaching people about safe online practices. 8．The school's security guards were trained to detect (察觉) any unusual behavior in the campus. 9．The results of the final exams revealed (揭示) the students' true understanding of the knowledge they had learned throughout the semester. 10．The flowers release (释放出) a sweet fragrance in the morning, attracting bees and butterflies to fly to them. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．The ancient hero is the subject of many legendary (legend) tales, whose deeds of courage and kindness passed down through generations. 2．The detective (detect) searched the suspect's house thoroughly and questioned the neighbors for any unusual activities. 3．The school's after­class activities are carefully designed to link students' interests to/with skills development. 4．Scholars study these myths (myth) in order to understand the beliefs and values of past societies. 5．Some legends (legend) have evolved over time, taking on new meanings as they are passed down from one generation to another. 6．Firstly, it is necessary to improve your Chinese language skills, especially in daily communication (communicate). 7．More surprisingly (surprise), she won the first prize in the public speaking competition, astonishing everyone with her confidence. 8．The traditional festival of this region is rooted in the ancient agricultural civilization. Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．看来他在适应新学校的生活方面遇到了困难。 It appears/seems that he is having difficulty adapting to the life in his new school. 2．最重要的是，在您的帮助下，我对英语有了信心，取得了很大的进步。 Most importantly，I have gained confidence in English with your help and made great progress. 3．知道你渴望学习做一道中国菜，我写信给你推荐一道。 Knowing that you're eager to learn to cook a Chinese dish, I'm writing to recommend one to you. 4．我写信是想和大家分享一下，作为一名全面发展的高中生，如何平衡我们的学习和课余生活。 I'm writing to share with you how to balance our study with after­school life as a well­rounded high school student. 5．我们学校艺术节的策划方式展示了学生的创造力和才华。 The way in which the art festivals are designed in our school showcases the students' creativity and talent． Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每空1.5分，共15分) Modern research is showing that plants can communicate with each other. 1 It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.The plant releases chemicals from the leaves that 2 are being eaten (eat).This is like a warning, or a call for help：“I'm being attacked！” When another plant detects the chemicals, it starts to release its own different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects 3 away． More 4 surprisingly (surprising)，plants also use sound to communicate.Some plants make noises with their roots.A chilli plant can tell 5 if/whether a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, 6 indicating (indicate)drought is arriving.Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of 7 communication (communicate) that can link nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”．This fungal network 8 links (link) the roots of different plants to each other.9 Using (use) the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other.Plants can steal food 10 from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants. Maybe one day we will be able to “talk” with plants ourselves. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·福建厦门高二上检测)Tomatoes are common in daily life.Cathie Martin, a British scientist, has been working on developing purple tomatoes for years.Though the color is unusual, now this special kind of tomatoes, which has gained approval from the US government, has very high levels of antioxidants(抗氧化剂). Antioxidants, also known as AOS, are found naturally in plants like blueberries and red cabbage.Scientists believe AOS may help prevent heart disease and help fight against diseases like diabetes.But tomatoes naturally only have a small amount of AOS in them.Martin wanted to see if she could create tomatoes with lots of AOS by changing the DNA of a tomato plant. A plant developed from specially created DNA is known as a GMO.After adding two genes from a plant called snapdragon, Martin soon found her plants were producing small purple tomatoes with lots of AOS.Martin and other scientists further tested the tomatoes on mice that were likely to get cancer.The mice that were fed the purple tomatoes lived about 30% longer than those fed normal tomatoes.Though that's good news, experiments on mice don't always predict what effects on humans will be like.We need to see more experiments about it. GMOs were first allowed in America in the late 1990s.But GMO products weren't popular with customers.Many people were scared by the idea that the foods weren't natural or safe.There're still questions about the effects of GMO crops on the environment.However, scientists deny these claims. Even so, many people still have concerns about them.Because of these concerns, most GMO products created over the last 20 years have focused on helping farmers rather than attracting customers. Anyway, on September 7, 2022, the US approved the purple tomatoes, which is the first time it has approved a GMO plant designed to target human health. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。一种新的紫色番茄在美国获得批准种植和销售。科学家通过改变这种番茄的DNA，使这种番茄可以保存更久，并有助于人们的健康。 1．What makes purple tomatoes really special? A．Their medical value. B．Their delicious flavor. C．Their proper size. D．Their pleasant color. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话可知，这种紫色番茄富含抗氧化剂。再结合第二段第二句话可知，抗氧化剂有助于预防心脏病，并有助于对抗糖尿病等疾病。由此推断出紫色番茄的特殊之处在于它的医用价值。故选A。 2．What's the author's attitude to the test on the mice? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Concerned. D．Opposed. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句话可知，虽然这是个好消息，但在老鼠身上进行的实验并不总是能预测其对人类的影响是一样的。我们需要看到更多关于它的实验。由此推断出作者对此实验目前心存怀疑。故选B。 3．What does the underlined word “so” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．The environment affects GMO foods. B．The customers do not like GMO foods. C．GMO products are used to help farmers. D．Scientists think GMO products are safe. 解析：选D。推理判断题。第四段提到许多人被这些食物不天然或不安全的想法吓到了。转基因作物对环境的影响也仍然受到质疑。然而，科学家们否认了这些说法。很多人还是很担心这个问题。可推知这里指的是：科学家认为转基因产品是安全的。故选D。 4．What's mainly talked about in the text? A．Different DNA can benefit plant growth. B．Tomatoes with changed DNA are approved. C．Scientists are changing DNA of crops. D．Human health depends on changed DNA． 解析：选B。主旨大意题。文章主要围绕英国科学家 Cathie Martin 研发紫色转基因番茄展开，介绍了其研发过程、特点及价值，最后强调 2022 年 9 月 7 日美国批准了紫色番茄，这是首次批准旨在针对人类健康的转基因植物，所以主要讨论的是改变 DNA 的西红柿被批准。故选 B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·重庆高二上期末) Trees Provide Many Additional Benefits 1( ) Planting trees near your home can reduce the need to run your air conditioner by 30% and lower your heating bill by 20% to 50%, says the U．S.Forest Service.Shade from trees keeps your house cooler, so you don't have to run your air conditioner as much on hot summer days.Trees can also block winter winds that creep into your home through windows and doors. Trees can improve your mental health. A study from The Nature Conservancy found that time in nature around trees correlated with a drop in anxiety and depression.2( ) The solution for the city blues? Nature, specifically trees.Just looking at trees lowers blood pressure and muscle tension within five minutes, according to a Texas A & M study. Trees increase health. Neighborhoods with a high tree density (密度) rate report 25% lower childhood asthma (哮喘) rates, Lambe says.“Trees filter air pollution particles (颗粒) out of the air we breathe, so they give us cleaner air.” 3( ) Trees make city areas cooler and safer. “Trees provide shade, and they cool cities as much as 10°F，” Lambe says.“4( )” And get this: a Baltimore study found that crime decreased in neighborhoods where there were more trees.One might conclude that people obeyed the law better because wealthier neighborhoods tend to have more trees.The study controlled for that consideration and adjusted their models for a range of socioeconomic factors.5( ) A．Trees make your house greener. B．Trees can lower your power bill. C．That can prevent heat­related deaths. D．Every tree helps, and the benefits add up. E．Trees still came out as being crime fighters. F．Studies find people living in the city have higher levels of stress. G．One study found trees prevented 850 deaths from asthma in a single year. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了树木多带来的一些好处。 1．解析：选B。设空处是本段的标题。根据后面的几处黑体字标题可以推断出，本段也是说明“树能起什么作用”的。结合本段描述：第一段主要讲夏天因为树荫室内凉爽可少开空调，冬天因为树可挡风，室内少风也可少开空调，所以就节约钱。故B选项“树木可以降低你的电费”符合语境，故选B。 2．解析：选F。设空处承上启下。前文描述：在有树木的自然环境中度过的时间与焦虑和抑郁程度的降低有关。后文描述：城市忧郁症的解决办法是什么？大自然，尤其是树木。所以此处应是指出城市里的人有较高的压力水平。F项“研究发现生活在城市里的人压力水平更高。”符合语境，故选 F。 3．解析：选G。设空处总结本段。根据前文描述：树木密度高的社区儿童哮喘发病率降低了25%。树木可以过滤我们呼吸的空气中的污染颗粒，所以它们为我们提供了更清洁的空气。可知，此处是在说明树木对预防哮喘有积极作用。G 项“一项研究发现，树木在一年内预防了 850 例哮喘死亡病例。”进一步举例说明了树木在预防哮喘方面的好处，符合语境，故选 G。 4．解析：选C。设空处承接上文。上文描述：树木能提供树荫，能使城市降温多达 10 华氏度。可知，树木能让城市降温，而降温带来的好处之一就是可以预防与高温相关的死亡。C项“这可以预防与高温有关的死亡。”符合语境，故选 C。 5．解析：选E。设空处总结本段。前文描述：树木较多的社区犯罪率下降，人们更遵守法律是因为较富裕的社区往往树木更多。可知，在排除了社会经济因素的影响后，依然能证明树木对降低犯罪率有作用。E项“树木仍然被证明是打击犯罪的因素。”符合语境，故选 E。 Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·湖北鄂东南高二上期中)“Have we really arrived in Xinjiang？” This was my first question upon reaching Urumqi, astonished by the city's 1 ．Its bustling atmosphere equals that of some major Chinese cities.I realized that Xinjiang is not just an autonomous region in China but also a modernized area 2 the world. Upon 3 in Urumqi, we visited the Xinjiang Autonomous Region Museum and other cultural 4 such as the Xinjiang Silk Road Museum and the Ancient Ecological Park.The artifacts told stories of ancient Silk Road trade and local 5 cultures.I was particularly 6 by exhibitions showcasing ethnic musical instruments and Kazakh and Uyghur clothing. I learned that “Xinjiang” means “new 7 ，” indicating its 8 role in Chinese history and culture.This unique region is a melting pot of various cultures, religions, and commercial activities, making it 9 for study. In the lively atmosphere of the International Bazaar (集市), I experienced Xinjiang's 10 market culture.Engaging with locals, especially young people 11 share their culture and history, made me feel warmly welcomed.I was even invited to join a group of young people in dancing traditional Xinjiang dances, 12 being a new hand. 13 local people deepened my understanding of cultural differences and commonalities. This study trip to Xinjiang offered unique perspectives and profound insights.Such 14 exchanges enrich our worldviews.Through this cultural journey, I 15 the power of cultural exchange, hoping to continue promoting dialogue and cooperation wherever I go. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在新疆的文化交流经历和感悟。 1． A．transportation B．modernization C．education D．population 解析：选B。根据下句的：它热闹的氛围堪比中国的一些大城市。以及第二个空前的 a modernized area可知，此处表达的是乌鲁木齐的现代化(modernization)，让作者感到惊讶。故选B。 2． A．connected to B．separated from C．unfamiliar with D．related to 解析：选A。根据后文的“Xinjiang Silk Road Museum”可推知，此处是指新疆不仅是中国的一个自治区，还是一个与世界相连的(connected)现代化地区。 3． A．jumping B．landing C．traveling D．crossing 解析：选B。到达乌鲁木齐后，我们参观了新疆维吾尔自治区博物馆和其他文化机构。land在此指飞机着陆。故选B。 4． A．events B．instruments C．institutions D．inventions 解析：选C。根据 “the Xinjiang Silk Road Museum and the Ancient Ecological Park” 可知，这些都是文化机构(institutions)。 5． A．traditional B．ethnic C．historical D．geographical 解析：选B。结合后文第6空后的 “ethnic musical instruments and Kazakh and Uyghur clothing” 可知，这里说的是当地的民族(ethnic)文化。故选B。 6． A．bored B．distracted C．fascinated D．tired 解析：选C。根据前文对作者感受的描述，可知作者被展览深深吸引。be fascinated by对 ……着迷的；故选C。 7． A．place B．edge C．frontier D．cycle 解析：选C。我了解到“新疆”意为“新的边疆(frontier)”，表明其在中国历史和文化中的重要地位。 8． A．minor B．irrelevant C．visible D．crucial 解析：选D。根据下句中的This unique region，可知此处表达 “新疆在中国历史和文化中有着至关重要的(crucial)作用。”故选D。 9． A．invaluable B．common C．available D．rare 解析：选A。这个独特的地区是各种文化、宗教和商业活动的大熔炉，对研究来说是极有价值的(invaluable)。故选A。 10．A．objective B．similar C．distinctive D．repetitive 解析：选C。在国际集市热闹的氛围中，我体验到了新疆独特的(distinctive)市场文化。 11．A．hesitant to B．resistant to C．eager to D．indifferent to 解析：选C。与当地人交流，尤其是年轻人渴望(eager to)分享他们的文化和历史，这让作者感到受到热烈欢迎。故选C。 12．A．because B．despite C．thanks to D．due to 解析：选B。尽管(despite)作者是新手，但还是被邀请和一群年轻人一起跳新疆传统舞蹈。故选B。 13．A．Arguing with B．Competing with C．Living with D．Interacting with 解析：选D。与当地人互动(interact with)加深了作者对文化差异和共性的理解。故选D。 14．A．cross­border B．cross­sectional C．cross­national D．cross­cultural 解析：选D。这次新疆学习之旅是一次跨文化(cross­cultural)交流。故选D。 15．A．approved B．witnessed C．displayed D．revealed 解析：选B。在这次文化旅程中，我见证(witnessed)了文化交流的力量。 Section Ⅳ　Writing—Writing an observational journal 本单元写作任务是写一篇观察日志，即把生活中看到的事物记录下来。写作时注意所观察的具体事物的外貌、大小、形状或颜色等，同时，可以将自己的情感融入事物，在真实记录的基础上，表达个人的所见所闻，所思所感及所想。 Ⅰ.谨记写作范式 Ⅱ.积累话题素材 1．观察日志首段常用表达 ①...has/have been planted in soil (a pot/flowerpot/flowerbed/...). ②...need(s) watering regularly. ③I water it every three days. ④It is necessary to keep the soil damp/put them in the shade/put them in a cool place/... ⑤The seed sprouts two days after... 2．观察日志中段常用表达 ①I'll cover it when the weather is cold. ②New leaves sprout from the stem. ③A flower bud is growing at the top of the stem. ④...come(s) out. ⑤A bud gradually becomes a flower. ⑥The roots grow deeper into the soil. 3．观察日志尾段常用表达 ①...grow(s) into... ②Each stem produces a single flower. ③As time goes by，it goes/runs to seed. ④...grow(s) taller and stronger... ⑤...flower(s) the following day. ⑥The white flowers have fallen from the stem. 请根据下面的提示，用英语写一篇观察日志，记录甜椒(bell pepper)的生长过程。要点包括： 1．播种及发芽阶段(8月初播种，发芽期10天～15天)； 2．生长及发育阶段(幼苗期30天～50天)； 3．成熟及结果阶段(开花和结果期60天～100天)。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 参考词语：seed(种子)、stem(茎)、blossom(开花)。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Step 1　审题谋篇·定框架 审人称 以第一人称为主 审时态 以一般过去时为主 定框架 第一段：播种发芽阶段； 第二段：生长发育阶段； 第三段：成熟及结果阶段。 Step 2　要点翻译·用佳句 1．甜椒一般在8月初种植。 Bell peppers are usually planted in early August. 2．首先，我们切开甜椒，取出种子，然后将种子并排播种在土壤中。 First，we cut open the bell peppers to get the seeds.Then the seeds are sowed into the soil side by side． 3．定期给种子浇水。10天到15天后，种子就能发芽。 The seeds are watered regularly．After ten to fifteen days, the seeds can sprout． [升级]　用if引导省略的状语从句改写 After ten to fifteen days, if watered regularly, the seeds can sprout. 4．两片绿叶从幼苗上长出来。它们又细又长。 Two green leaves grow from the green seedling.They are narrow and long． [升级]　改为含有定语从句的复合句 Two green leaves grow from the green seedling，which are narrow and long. 5．随着时间的推移，茎上长出更多的绿叶。 As time goes by, more green leaves grow out of the stem． 6．在接下来的30天到50天里，茎长得更长更壮。 During the next thirty to fifty days, the stem grows longer and stronger． 7．有着充足的水分和光照，甜椒继续生长。 With enough water and sunlight，the bell peppers keep growing． 8．很快就长出了白色花苞。 Soon white buds come out． 9．甜椒在阳光下开花。 The bell peppers blossom in sunlight． 10．花朵闻起来有一股清甜的气味。这预示着它们将结出丰硕的果实。 The flowers smell sweet and fresh．It indicates they will bear plentiful fruits. [升级]　改为现在分词作状语的句子 The flowers smell sweet and fresh，indicating they will bear plentiful fruits. 11．接下来的60天到100天里，甜椒最终结出果实。 In the next sixty to one hundred days，the bell peppers finally produce fruits． Step 3　连句成篇·达美文 Bell peppers are usually planted in early August.First，we cut open the bell peppers to get the seeds.Then the seeds are sowed into the soil side by side.After ten to fifteen days，if watered regularly, the seeds can sprout.Two green leaves grow from the green seedling，which are narrow and long.As time goes by，more green leaves grow out of the stem. During the next thirty to fifty days，the stem grows longer and stronger.With enough water and sunlight，the bell peppers keep growing.Soon white buds come out.The bell peppers blossom in sunlight.The flowers smell sweet and fresh，indicating they will bear plentiful fruits. In the next sixty to one hundred days，the bell peppers finally produce fruits. 主题：梦想 情感 描写 disgrace 　　n．丢脸，耻辱 动作 描写 ①answer the call 响应号召 ②generate v．产生，创造 ③decline v．减少 ④suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 ⑤blame 　 v.责怪，指责；把 ……归咎于 ⑥detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物) ⑦link v．把 ……联系起来；连接 人物 描写 ①characteristic n.特征，特性 ②distant adj.遥远的；冷淡的；不友好的 ③geologist n.地质学家 ④legend n．传说，传奇(故事)；传奇人物 [语段情景用]　人需要梦想，因为有了梦想，人生才有动力，才有希望。“袁隆平”这句名言深深烙在我叔叔的心中，他立志要在农业领域有所作为 …… When my uncle was young，he 1.answered the call (响应号召) and volunteered to work on that faraway (用本单元词汇替换黑体词汇：2.distant) island.My uncle worked hard day by day.In his free time，he went on studying the qualities (用本单元词汇替换黑体词汇：3.characteristics) of those plants.Although his study brought (用本单元词汇替换黑体词汇：4.generated) no income，he was crazy about it.He often used some methods to carry out his experiments，5.detecting (detect) how the seeds grew into some tall plants.There was a time when the number of those plants was 6.on the decline (在下降).He managed to find out the reason and came up with a new way to solve the problem.Later，he achieved a lot in this field.Many people 7.had suspected his talent (怀疑他的才能)，but he succeeded！His wish was to become a very famous person (用本单元词汇替换黑体词汇：8.legend) like Yuan Longping! 单元过关检测卷(五) [Unit 5] (满分：120分　时间：100分钟) 第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2025·山东百师联考高二上期中) Best Volunteer Programs for 2025 Zimbabwe—Volunteer at the African Wildlife Reserve Are you looking for a meaningful way to spend your vacation? Our African Wildlife Reserve in Zimbabwe could use your help! Countless documentaries have featured this program.Volunteers work closely with a wide range of animals, specializing in the release of tortoises, vervet monkeys, leopards, and so many more.Not only will you care for the brilliant wildlife, but you will also learn how to collect data and conduct research. Sri Lanka—Women's English Literacy and Empowerment Program Make the most of your travels by helping middle­ to lower­income women improve their English skills.You are helping these women create more job opportunities and career choices.This program is on the southwest coast of Sri Lanka, within the beautiful city of Galle.The volunteers have access to wonderful beaches and get to explore the charming city. Belize—Private Island Marine Experience For the ultimate marine (海洋的) protection vacation, look no further! Protect and explore the Belize Barrier Reef from the home­base of a private island.Volunteer tasks include removing invasive (侵入的) species and contributing to a whale shark database.This volunteer program is the leader of invasive species (lionfish) removal in all Belize! Indonesia—Education Enrichment in Bali Become a volunteer in one of Indonesia's most famous and picturesque islands, Bali.Help us provide free educational enrichment to children from local communities.After public school finishes, volunteers help the students complete their homework or work on improving their English, math, and reading skills. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2025年最佳的四个志愿者项目。 1．Who most probably prefer to attend African Wildlife Reserve program? A．Vacation campers. B．Adventure explorers. C．Wildlife lovers. D．Documentary producers. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据Zimbabwe—Volunteer at the African Wildlife Reserve部分中第四句话：志愿者们与各种各样的动物密切合作，专门负责放生乌龟、长尾猴、豹子等。可知，该项目的志愿者主要是与各种动物打交道。由此推断出，野生动物爱好者更喜欢参加该志愿者项目。故选C。 2．What is the aim of the Private Island Marine Experience program? A．To protect the sea life. B．To develop new wildlife parks. C．To discover marine resources. D．To conduct biological research. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据Belize—Private Island Marine Experience部分中的前两句话：为了度过极致的海洋保护假期。志愿者任务包括清除入侵物种以及为鲸鲨数据库提供数据。由此推断出，该项目旨在保护海洋生物。故选A。 3．What do the volunteers in Sri Lanka and Indonesia have in common? A．They are keen to explore. B．They are helpful in English. C．They are from local communities. D．They are better at career choices. 解析：选B。细节理解题。在斯里兰卡的项目中，志愿者帮助中低收入女性提高英语技能；在印度尼西亚巴厘岛的项目中，志愿者帮助学生提高英语等技能，所以两个项目的志愿者共同之处在于在英语方面提供帮助。故选B。 B (2025·浙江强基联盟高二上检测)It's often said that people who are born blind or lose their sight, especially when young, can touch, taste, smell, and hear better than those who can see.Donna Posont, who is blind, helps others use their enhanced hearing to detect thousands of bird songs. Posont is a graduate of the University of Michigan­Dearborn.She leads a monthly program she founded at the college.It's called Birding by Ear and Beyond.It's held on Saturday each month.During the program, Posont leads visually­impaired people through 120 acres of campus forest.They listen for the sounds of many birds.These include crows, geese, chickadees, woodpeckers, robins, and red­winged blackbirds. Participants learn to tell the sometimes subtle differences between bird species.They also learn how each bird fits into their habitat.“The world is designed for sighted people, but nature is a special place where it's okay to be blind，” Posont told The Washington Post.“You can use your other senses to learn why birds and nature are important and how it all works (as one).To me, that's the beauty of it.” Posont is 67 years old.She has been blind since second grade.She was born with retinitis pigmentosa.It's a worsening condition that affects the back wall of the eye.She graduated in environmental studies from the college.She's also a certified interpretive guide and part­time naturalist at Michigan­Dearborn. Jerusalem Crawley first met Posont at a summer camp for the visually impaired.He's been attending her classes for 15 years.As a child, Crawley said he had no idea there were thousands of bird species.“I used to think all birds were alike，” Crawley told Audubon Magazine.“This opened my eyes，” he said. Through her program, Posont not only helps visually impaired individuals connect with nature but also inspires them to challenge their perceptions and embrace the world through a different lens.The ability to identify birds by ear becomes a gateway to understanding the relationships within ecosystems and the value of nature. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了盲人女性 Donna Posont 如何利用声音辨别鸟类，并以此为基础创办了Birding by Ear and Beyond项目，帮助其他视障人士通过听觉体验自然世界。 4．What does Posont's program focus on? A．Training blind people to be nature guides. B．Providing blind people a safe outdoor space. C．Helping blind people identify birds by sound. D．Leading blind people to protect campus forest. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后三句的描述：在这个项目中，Posont带领视障人士穿过120英亩的校园森林。他们倾听许多鸟的叫声。这些鸟类包括乌鸦、鹅、山雀、啄木鸟、知更鸟和红翼黑鸟。可知，Posont 的项目旨在帮助视障人士通过声音辨别鸟类。故选C。 5．Why does Posont think nature is a special place for blind people? A．Nature helps people learn about birds' habitat. B．Nature benefits blind people's physical health. C．Blind people can study the behavior of wildlife. D．Blind people can experience nature with other senses. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段Posont说的话：大自然是一个特殊的地方，在那里盲人也没关系。你可以用你的其他感官来了解为什么鸟类和自然是重要的，以及它们是如何融为一体的。即：盲人可以利用其他感官体验大自然。故选D。 6．What can you infer from the last paragraph? A．The process of Posont's program. B．The challenge of Posont's program. C．The development of Posont's program. D．The significance of Posont's program. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述可知，该段总结了 Posont 的项目的意义，说明它不仅帮助视障人士与自然建立联系，更重要的是鼓励他们挑战感知，从不同的角度拥抱世界。通过辨别鸟类声音，他们能够理解生态系统中的关系和自然价值，从而实现自我成长。故选D。 7．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Birding by Ear: A Program for the Blind B．Beauty of Nature: A Journey of Discovery C．Natural Sound: A Journey to the Unknown D．Donna Posont: A Volunteer for Bird Protection 解析：选A。主旨大意题。文章主要围绕 Posont 创立的 “Birding by Ear and Beyond” 项目展开，讲述了该项目帮助盲人通过听声音识别鸟类，A项“以耳听鸟：为盲人设立的项目。”准确概括了文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选A。 C (2025·山西太原高二上期中)Like many things in life, the best results are achieved by working together.This is especially true with plants! The latest research on “companion planting” stresses the importance of viewing our gardens as ecosystems where plants interact with each other to create a healthy, bio­diverse place.Plants actively affect each other through various ways like fungal connections, chemical messaging and resource sharing, which helps attract helpful insects, improve nutrient availability and absorption. When we plant one type of plant in an area, like tomatoes, we create a“monoculture”， which often leads to more pesticides and chemical fertilizers (肥料).However, when we put different plants to grow together, we create a“polyculture，” which leads to biodiversity.It means a more stable environment for vegetables and other plants to grow well by augmenting nutrient cycling, water conservation, pest control and carbon storage. What is modern research­based companion planting? Scientists like to call it inter­planting to make a polyculture for garden benefits.Using science helps us know why and how certain plant combinations work well. Jessica Walliser, author of Plant Partners: Science­Based Companion Planting Strategies for the Vegetable Garden, provides plant pairs that reduce pests, prevent diseases and enrich soil quality. Using science as your guide and gardening with companion plants will help you learn about your own unique corner of the world.Have fun as you try out plant combinations and create a diverse living space outside your door.You'll look at your garden in a whole new way as you observe the changes in color and texture while enjoying the overall well­being of your garden. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了基于研究的“伴生种植”的相关内容，强调了伴生种植对打造健康多样花园的重要性。 8．What does “companion planting” refer to according to the latest research? A．Creating colorful gardens. B．Growing more local plants. C．Mixing various interactive plants. D．Using chemicals to aid plant growth. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话的描述：关于“伴生种植”的最新研究强调，应将我们的花园视为一个生态系统，在这个系统中，植物之间相互作用，从而营造出一个健康、生物多样的环境。指的是将不同相互作用的植物混合种植在一起。故选C。 9．What negative effect can monoculture have on gardens? A．Reduced living space. B．Polluted water quality. C．Increased pests and diseases. D．Enhanced reliance on sunlight. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第三段第一句话的描述：当我们在一个区域只种植一种植物，比如西红柿时，就形成了“单一种植”，这往往会导致更多地使用杀虫剂和化肥。可推断出，这意味着病虫害可能会增多，因此需要更多化学药剂来防治。故选C。 10．What does the underlined word “augmenting” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Promoting. B．Declining. C．Examining. D．Overcoming. 解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据画线单词前后句子的描述可知，此处是说混栽通过促进养分循环、节水、控制害虫和碳储存等方式，为植物生长创造更好的环境，“augmenting” 意思是 “促进，增加(promoting)”。故选A。 11．What does Jessica Walliser's book focus on? A．Tips for soil improvement. B．Ways to plant pairing types. C．Methods for garden designs. D．Approaches to using pesticides. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的描述：Jessica Walliser是这本书的作者，她提供了一些植物配对组合，这些组合可以减少害虫、预防疾病并提高土壤质量。可知，Jessica Walliser的书主要提供了一些植物配对的方式。故选B。 D (2025·四川宜宾高二上检测)Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten.Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack.New research now shows some flora can feel a plant­eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive (先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species. When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin­Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice.They increased their levels of an enzyme (酶), which is known to prevent plant­eating animals.“None of the plants were ever actually attacked，” Orrock says.“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.” Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat.The investigators found that hungry caterpillars (毛虫), which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance.This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia. The finding that a snail's approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study.“It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far­ranging effects，” Karban says.The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them. “That's the million­dollar question，” Orrock says.He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。研究发现：一些植物可以在食草动物发动攻击前很好地感觉到它们，这让植物准备了先发制人的防御，甚至可以对抗其他有害物种。 12．Why did John Orrock spray a liquid onto soil near tomato plants? A．Because it gives them a warning. B．Because it makes them grow better. C．Because it keeps plant­eating animals away. D．Because it informs plant­eating animals of danger. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句话的描述：我们只是给它们一些暗示攻击即将来临的线索，这就足以使它们的化学反应发生巨大变化。可推断出，John Orrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产生自我保护性反应。故选 A。 13．Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To introduce another animal. B．To confirm the result of the study. C．To appeal to people to protect animals. D．To analyze different resistance chemicals. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第三段第一句的描述：最初，Orrock发现这种防御方法对蜗牛有效；在最新的研究中，他的团队测量了这种黏糊糊的警告对另一个潜在威胁的影响。可推断出，文中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证这一点，即确认研究的结果。故选B。 14．What does Richard Karban really want to know? A．What the finding of the research is. B．What the chemicals in the snail slime are. C．Whether the research is of practical value. D．How tomato plants become aware of danger. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话：但他想知道西红柿植物是如何感受到蜗牛黏液中的化学物质的，而这些化学物质实际上从未接触过它们。可知，Richard Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的。故选D。 15．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Watchful Plants B．Greedy Animals C．A Snail's Approach D．A Defense Attack 解析：选A。主旨大意题。据第一段第三句话：现在新的研究表明，一些植物可以在食草动物发动攻击前很好地感觉到它们，这让植物准备了先发制人的防御，甚至可以对抗其他有害物种。由此可知，A项：警觉的植物。适合作标题。故选A。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Everglades National Park is the largest subtropical (亚热带的) wilderness in the USA．16( ) It is also the third largest national park in the lower forty­eight states, after Death Valley and Yellowstone.Each year, more than one million people visit the Everglades. 17( ) The expansive wetlands stretch across more than six hundred thousand hectares.It is a place where plants and animals from the Caribbean Sea share an ecosystem with native North American species. Unlike most other national parks, Everglades National Park was created to protect an ecosystem from damage.The Everglades is home to about fifteen species that federal officials say are threatened or endangered.18( ) In addition, more than three hundred and fifty bird species and three hundred species of freshwater and saltwater fish live within the park.The Everglades is also home to forty species of mammals and fifty reptile species. 19( ) They include what is said to be the largest growth of mangrove trees in the Western world.Gumbo­limbo trees, known for their peeling red skin, strangler figs and royal palms, are also among the area's plant life.The country's largest living mahogany tree also lives in the Everglades. In recent years, environmental experts have learned about the damage to the Everglades.They say the balance of nature there has been destroyed.20( ) However, efforts to protect the area are continuing so people from all over the world may continue visiting this biological treasure. A．The future of the Everglades is not clear. B．Visitors to the Everglades will see many exotic plants. C．The park is home to several rare and endangered species. D．Experts believe that the Everglades has a very bright future. E．The park is very beautiful and attracts millions of tourists every year. F．The Everglades is considered one of the great biological wonders of the world. G.They include the Florida panther, the American crocodile and the West Indian manatee. [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了美国大沼泽地国家公园的现状。专家认为公园生态平衡遭到破坏，但保护措施也正持续实施。 16．解析：选C。根据上文“Everglades National Park is the largest subtropical (亚热带的) wilderness in the USA．”和下文“It is also the third largest national park in the lower forty­eight states, after Death Valley and Yellowstone.”可知，第一段整段介绍了“大沼泽地国家公园”的特点。只有C选项符合此意，即“公园是一些稀有和濒危物种的家园”。也与下文“It is also...”的句意相吻合。故选C。 17．解析：选F。空处为段落主题句。根据下文“The expansive wetlands stretch across more than six hundred thousand hectares.It is a place where plants and animals from the Caribbean Sea share an ecosystem with native North American species.”可知，本段主要讲述了大沼泽地是世界上最伟大的生物奇迹之一。F项符合语境。故选F。 18．解析：选G。根据上文“The Everglades is home to about fifteen species that federal officials say are threatened or endangered.”可知，G项符合语境，承接上文，是对上文濒危物种的举例。故选G。 19．解析：选B。空处为段落主题句。根据本段中“the largest growth of mangrove trees”“Gumbo­limbo trees”“strangler figs and royal palms”等内容可知，本段介绍沼泽地的奇异植物。B项符合语境。故选B。 20．解析：选A。根据上文“They say the balance of nature there has been destroyed.”以及下文“However, efforts to protect the area are continuing so people from all over the world may continue visiting this biological treasure.”可知，A项符合语境，承接上文对大沼泽地国家公园现状的介绍，说明其未来的未知性，且与下文构成转折关系，说明其虽然遭到破坏，但人们正在采取保护措施。故选A。 第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2025·山东威海高二上期末)Recently, I had the chance of attending a bird release event at the Carpenter Nature Center.This event not only reconfirmed my 21 in the resilience (韧性) of nature but also provided a lot of inspiration for my art. Several 22 birds, nurtured and cared for by the devoted staff at the Raptor Center, were about to set out on their journey back to 23 ． I couldn't help but reflect on my own 24 with the Raptor Center years ago, when I had the honor of releasing a great owl into the wild.The memory kept 25 me of the profound connection that we share with the natural world. During the recent event, alongside the bird release, there were also ambassador (大使) birds present.These birds, 26 to return to the wild due to their injuries, 27 educational ambassadors, enlightening the 28 about the wonders of these grand creatures.It was during my interaction with one of these ambassadors that the seed of 29 for my newest hawk painting was planted.The complicated details of its feathers, the piercing gaze, and the untamed (未被驯服的) spirit 30 my imagination, lighting a creative fire within me. These experiences and the continuous study of wildlife lay the groundwork for my future 31 ．Each encounter $