unit 4 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修1同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语课件以“人与社会——跨文化沟通”为主题，聚焦肢体语言，通过罗兰·巴特名言导入，结合中新教学语言特点、文化思维差异比较等内容，搭建从语言知识到跨文化交际能力的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合文化意识与语言能力培养，通过对比中西学生思维表达方式、解析强调句型等核心语法及比较级等经典句型，提升学生跨文化交际得体性与思维品质。配套语篇精读、疑难点拨及分层限时练习，学生能夯实语言应用能力并培养自主学习习惯，教师可借助系统化资源优化教学效果。

What I hide by my language, my body utters. —Roland Barthes 我用语言隐藏的东西，都是我的身体说出来的。 ——罗兰·巴特 BODY LANGUAGE 主题语境：人与社会——跨文化沟通 UNIT 4 更多模板请关注：https://haosc.taobao.com 1 课后分层练 10 Xiaohe knew that appropriate body language could bridge gaps in communication.One day, she witnessed an incident where a misunderstanding led to a conflict between two friends.To help, Xiaohe used gentle gestures, like a slight bow and a lowered head, to show respect and calm the situation.She avoided staring, as it might create a barrier, and instead maintained a soft tone to clarify the issue.When one friend began to weep, Xiaohe bent forward slightly, offering comfort without bothering them.Her thoughtful actions seemed to favour a peaceful resolution, as both friends gradually softened.Ultimately, Xiaohe's use of body language not only resolved the conflict but also deepened their bond.She realized how powerful non­verbal cues could be in fostering understanding and harmony. Reading and Thinking Section Ⅰ Step One　Lead­in When and how do you use body language to convey meanings? In daily talks, speeches, business meetings, etc.，we can use eye contact, expressions, and postures to convey meanings. Step Two　Read for the main idea 1．Match the main idea with each part. Part 1 (Para.1) A.The same gesture may have different meanings in different countries. Part 2 (Para.2) B.Smiling has many different uses. Part 3 (Paras.3－4) C.Body language varies from culture to culture. Part 4 (Para.5) D.Both words and body language are of importance in interactions with others. Part 5 (Para.6) E.Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. 答案：Parts 1～5　DCAEB 2．What does the passage mainly tell us? The passage mainly tells us about the of body language in different cultures and the uses of some body language. Step Three　Read for details Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and answer the following question． What's the function of Paragraph 1 in this text? differences and similarities To introduce the topic of the text. Ⅱ.Read Paras.2－4 carefully and do the following exercises． 1．Why is it important to use body language appropriately according to the passage? 2．What might people in France think the “OK” gesture means? Because body language varies from culture to culture, and appropriate use helps avoid misunderstandings. They might think it means zero. 3．In which countries do the “yes” and “no” gestures have the opposite meaning? Ⅲ.Read Para.5 carefully and answer the following question． What does the gesture of placing hands together, resting them on the side of the head and closing eyes mean? Ⅳ.Read Para.6 carefully and answer the following question. According to experts, what can smiling at yourself in the mirror do? In Bulgaria and southern Albania. It means “sleep”． It can make yourself feel happier and stronger. Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the following questions with your partners and present your answer to the class. 1．What is body language and why is it important in communication? 2．How can body language vary across different cultures? 3．How can understanding body language improve our relationships with others? Your presentation： Body language refers to non­verbal signals used in communication, such as gestures, facial expressions, and postures.It is crucial because it often conveys emotions and intentions more effectively than words.By understanding body language, we can enhance our interactions, avoid misunderstandings, and build stronger connections with people from diverse backgrounds. LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK We use both words and① body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions② with other people.We can learn a lot about③ what people are thinking by watching their body language.Words are important, but [1]the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings. [1]the way后跟定语从句， 省略了关系词that或in which。 ①both...and...两者都…… ②interaction n．交流； 相互影响 ③learn about 了解； 学到 ④just like 正像，就像 ⑤vary vi.(根据情况)变化； 改变 vary from...to... 从……到……的变化 ⑥crucial adj.关键的，至关重要的 ⑦appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的 ⑧look into someone's eyes 直视某 人的眼睛 ⑨by contrast 相比之下 ⑩approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准； 通过 approve of 赞成； 认可 ⑪socially adv.社会上；交际上 Just like④ spoken language, body language varies from culture to⑤ culture.The crucial⑥ thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate⑦ to the culture you are in.For example, making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes⑧—in some countries is a way to display interest.In other countries, by contrast⑨， eye contact is not always approved of⑩.For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially⑪ permitted to make eye contact.[2]In Japan, it may demonstrate⑫ respect to look down when talking to an older person. ⑫demonstrate vt.表现；表达； 说明；证明 ⑬gesture n．手势;姿势;姿态 ⑭witness vt.当场看到; 目击； 见证 n．目击者; 证人 ⑮employ vt.使用; 应用;雇用 ⑯identical adj.相同的 ⑰interpret vt.把……理解(解 释)为 vi.& vt.口译 ⑱avoid doing 避免做…… [2]句中when talking to an older person为省略句， 其完整形式为when one is talking to an older person。 The gesture⑬ for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan, someone who witnesses⑭ another person employing⑮ the gesture might think it means money.In France, a person encountering an identical⑯ gesture may interpret⑰ it as meaning zero.[3]However, you should avoid making⑱ this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite. [3]句中as为连词， 引导原因状语从句。 ⑲differ vi.相异；不同于 ⑳by comparison (与……) 相比较 ㉑opposite adj.相反的； 相对的 ㉒part vi.离开； 分别 ㉓cheek n．面颊；脸颊 ㉔favour vt.较喜欢；选择； 有利于 n．帮助;恩惠;赞同 Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ⑲ around the world.In many countries, shaking one's head means “no”， and nodding means “yes”．By comparison⑳， in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite㉑ meaning.There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part㉒.In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek㉓ when they meet.Elsewhere, people favour㉔ shaking hands, bowing㉕ from the waist㉖, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. ㉕bow vi.鞠躬；点头vt.低(头) n．弓；蝴蝶结 ㉖waist n．腰；腰部 ㉗seem to 似乎 ㉘rest vt.使……倚靠 ㉙while conj.与……同时； 在……期间 ㉚get through 度过； 克服 ㉛break down 消除；分解； 打破 Some gestures seem to㉗ have the same meaning everywhere.[4]Placing your hands together and resting㉘ them on the side of your head while㉙ closing your eyes means “sleep”. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. [4]此处为两个并列的动名词短语作为一个完整的动作作主语， 因此谓语动词用第三人称单数；其中while引导时间状语从句，在句中为省略形式。 ㉜barrier n．隔阂；障碍 ㉝ask for help 寻求帮助 ㉞suggest doing 建议做…… ㉟smile at 对……微笑 ㊱down adj.情绪低落的； 沮丧的 Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps the best example is smiling.A smile can help us get through㉚ difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can break down㉛ barriers㉜.We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help㉝, or to start a conversation.Experts suggest㉞ smiling at㉟ yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger.And if we are feeling down㊱ or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 听听肢体是怎么说话的 在与他人的交往中，我们用话语和肢体语言来表达自己的思想和观点。通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以洞察他们的想法。话语十分重要，但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的姿势，也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。 不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言，这与口头语言相似。使用肢体语言时，最重要的是要符合你所处的文化。例如，在一些国家，眼神交流(即直视某人的眼睛)是展现兴趣的一种方式。相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。例如，在许多中东国家，社交上不允许男性和女性进行眼神交流。在日本，与年长者交谈时，目光下垂表示敬重。 “OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有着不同的含义。在日本，一个人看到另外一个人使用这一手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。在法国，看到同样手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。然而，在巴西和德国 你应该避免做出这一手势，因为这是一个被视为不礼貌的手势。 即便是用于表示“肯定”和“否定”的肢体语言在世界各地也不尽相同。在许多国家，摇头表示“否定”，点头表示“肯定”。相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部地区，这两个动作的含义截然相反。在身体接触方式、站着交谈时双方的距离、见面和告别的动作方面，也有很多差异。在法国、俄罗斯等国，朋友见面时会相互亲吻脸颊。在其他地区，与别人见面时，人们更喜欢握手、 鞠躬或点头。 有些手势似乎在任何地方含义都相同。双手合十放在头部的一侧，同时闭上你的眼睛，意为“睡觉”。表示“我吃饱了”的一个好方式，就是在饭后用手在肚子上画圈。 某些肢体语言有着许多不同的用处。也许最佳的例子就是微笑了。微笑可以帮助我们摆脱困境，在陌生的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以打破隔阂。我们可以用微笑来道歉、问候他人、寻求帮助或主动攀谈。专家建议，我们应该对着镜子微笑，让自己感到更加快乐、更加强大。当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。 vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变(联想：various adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的 varied adj.各种各样的；多变的 variety n．不同种类；多样化) 【教材原句】　Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. 不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言， 这与口头语言相似。 【用法归纳】 (1)vary from...to... 在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等 vary in sth 在某方面不同 vary with... 随……而变化 (2)a variety of＝varieties of＝various 多种多样的 【佳句必背】　If you travel to Beijing，I will arrange a variety of/varieties of/various activities，which vary from climbing the Great Wall to visiting the Summer Palace.(应用文之建议信) 如果你来北京旅游，我将安排各种各样的活动，从爬长城到参观颐和园不等。 various 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The reasons relate to a (vary) of factors. ②(2024·北京卷)The relative ranking of the virtues may vary a social group's history and environment. ③The students' work varies considerably quality. ④They discussed (vary) matters all over the world. variety with in 【写成佳句】　完成句子/句型转换 ⑤我有许多爱好，从打篮球到弹钢琴不等。 I have a number of hobbies， ． ⑥The shop offered various goods and attracted many visitors. →The shop offered goods and attracted many visitors. which vary from playing basketball to playing the piano a variety of/varieties of approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过(联想：approval n．赞成；同意；批准 approving adj.赞许的；许可的 approvingly adv.赞许地；同意地) 【教材原句】　In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. 相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。 【用法归纳】 (1)approve sth 批准/通过某事 approve of (sb/one's) doing sth 赞同/同意(某人)做某事 (2)give one's approval to... 同意/批准…… 【佳句必背】　①We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal.(应用文之申请信) 如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。 ②I waited and waited but only a few raised hands to show their approval.(读后续写之动作细节描写) 我等了又等，但只有少数人举手表示赞同。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①After a heated discussion，the teacher finally approved us making a video to record our experiences at school. ②After a heated discussion，the teacher finally gave his (approve) to us for making a video to record our experiences at school. ③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Her parents approved of her (earn) money in her spare time, warning her not to neglect her studies. of approval earning 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(读后续写之动作描写)我父亲赞许地点了点头，同意了我再次去农场的决定。 My father and my decision to go to the farm again. nodded approvingly gave his approval to witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n．目击者；证人 【教材原句】　In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. 在日本，一个人看到另外一个人使用这一手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。 【用法归纳】 (1)witness sth/that... 目击…… witness to (doing) sth 证明……是真实的 时间/地点名词＋witness ＋sth 某时/某地见证某事 (2)a witness of/to sth ……的目击者/见证人 【佳句必背】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Last Friday witnessed our going into the park.(应用文之活动介绍) 上周五，我们去了公园。 have witnessed great changes 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①His improved health is a witness the success of the treatment. ②We (witness) the most important change in our lifestyles in the past 10 years. ③The worker witnessed to (see) the accused near the crime scene. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化，这让我非常惊讶。 The past few years in my hometown, which makes me extremely surprised. to have witnessed having seen employ vt.使用；应用；雇用；利用(时间、精力等)(联想：employment n．雇用 employer n．雇用者； 雇主 employee n．雇员； 雇工) 【教材原句】　In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. 在日本， 一个人看到另外一个人使用这一手势， 可能会认为这表示金钱。 【用法归纳】 employ sth to do sth 利用某物做某事 employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事 employ sb as... 雇用某人作为…… be employed in＝employ oneself in 忙于 注意：表示“忙于”短语还有be busy with，be occupied with，be engaged in 等。 【佳句必背】　If I am lucky enough to be employed, I'll spare no effort to repay you for your trust.(应用文之求职信) 如果我有幸被录用， 我将不遗余力地回报您的信任。 Employing myself in online learning every day 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Many people were employed (deal) with the work. ②Many local people are employed guides in the tourism industry. 【写成佳句】　一句多译 ③由于每天忙于在线学习，我不能抽出时间与老师和同学们面对面地交流。 → ，I can't spare some time to interact with my teachers and classmates face to face.(过去分词作状语) → ，I can't spare some time to interact with my teachers and classmates face to face.(现在分词作状语) to deal as Employed in online learning every day differ vi.相异；不同于[联想：different adj.不同的 difference n．不同(之处)] 【教材原句】　Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. 即便是用于表示“肯定”和“否定”的肢体语言在世界各地也不尽相同。 【用法归纳】 (1)differ in 在……方面不同 differ from 与……不同 (2)be different from...(in...) 与……(在……方面)不同 (3)make a difference 有影响；很重要 【佳句必背】　In our daily life，he teaches us how to tell the difference between right and wrong.(读后续写之人物描写) 在日常生活中，他教导我们如何辨别是非。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①He differs his twin brother character. ② (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. from in Different 【写成佳句】　完成句子/同义句转换 ③(读后续写之动作描写)无论何时我都会帮忙清理路边的垃圾，我希望(我的行为)能起到作用。 I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible, ． ④What I will choose differs from what you have suggested. →What I will choose what you have suggested.(different) hoping to make a difference is different from favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同(联想：favourite adj.最喜欢的 n．特别喜爱的人或事物 favourable adj.给人好印象的；赞许的；有利的 favourably adv.赞许地；有利地) 【教材原句】　Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 在其他地区，与别人见面时，人们更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。 【用法归纳】 (1)favour sth/doing sth 较喜欢某物/做某事 (2)do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb 帮某人忙 in favour (of sb/sth) 赞同； 支持 in sb's favour 有利于某人 【佳句必背】　 I'm writing this letter，hoping that you can do me a favour/do a favour for me with my coming interview.With the help of you，the whole situation will be in my favour.(应用文之求助信) 我写这封信是希望您能够在即将到来的面试中帮到我。在您的帮助下，整个形势会对我有利。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my (favour) spot to settle, Italy was the clear winner. ②We would view (favourable) any sensible suggestion for maintaining the business. favourite favourably 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③(读后续写之主旨升华)毫无疑问，成功和机遇往往青睐那些有准备的人。 There is no doubt that success and opportunities tend to ． ④(读后续写之情绪描写)当听到他们大多数人不赞成他的意见时，他勃然大怒。 He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them weren't ． favour those who are ready in favour of his opinion reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的(联想：rely v．信任；信赖；依赖；依靠 reliably adv.可靠地) 【教材原句】　Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone's feelings，their body language or the words they speak? 要了解一个人的情绪，哪一种渠道更可靠，他们的肢体语言还是他们说的话？ 【用法归纳】 rely on/upon 依靠；依赖 rely on sb to do sth 指望某人做某事 rely on it that... 相信/指望…… 【佳句必背】　He is an extremely reliable person, so you can always turn to him for help without hesitation.(读后续写之人物描写) 他是个非常可靠的人，所以你任何时候都能毫不犹豫向他求助。 【练透考点】　 单句语法填空 ①You can rely on him (help) you when you are in trouble. ②You can rely on that the talks between the two countries will not break down. ③We are looking for someone who is (rely) and hard­working. to help it reliable 【写成佳句】　一句多译 ④你可以相信当你有困难时我会帮助你。 →You can when you are in trouble.(rely on sb to do sth) →You can when you are in trouble.(rely on it that...) →You can when you are in trouble.(rely on one's doing) rely on me to help you rely on it that I will help you rely on my helping you break down 消除；分解；打破；(机器、车辆)出故障；垮掉；(计划、会谈)失败；感情失控(痛哭起来) 【教材原句】　A smile can break down barriers. 微笑可以打破隔阂。 【用法归纳】 break up 打碎；拆散；结束；分裂；解散 break in 强行进入；打断 break into 强行闯入；突然开始；顺利进入 break out 突然开始；爆发 break through 取得突破；取得新的重大发现 break away (from sb/sth) 逃脱；脱离；背叛 【佳句必背】　Tears welling up, I could hardly contain myself and broke down.(读后续写之心理描写) 眼泪夺眶而出，我几乎控制不住自己，突然痛哭起来。 【练透考点】　写出句中加黑部分的汉语意思 ①Talks with business leaders broke down last night. ②When we told her the bad news, she broke down and cried. ③It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. (计划、会谈)失败 感情失控(痛哭起来) 分解 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(读后续写之环境描写)在前往偏远村庄的路上，他们的车抛锚了，把他们困在了荒郊野外。 On the way to the isolated village, , leaving them trapped in the middle of nowhere. their car broke down 否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义 【教材原句】　And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。 【用法归纳】 本句中否定词nothing与比较级better连用，表示最高级含义。表示最高级含义的几种特殊结构： (1)“否定词＋比较级”意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no、 not、 never、 nothing、 nobody、 hardly等。 (2)“can/could＋never/not...enough/too...”意为“再……也不过分”。 【佳句必背】　The rice fields around me look like a golden sea.I have never seen more beautiful scenery than it！(读后续写之环境描写) 周围的稻田像一片金色的海洋，我从来没看见过比这更漂亮的景象！ 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①I decided to go with them, mainly because I had nothing (good) to do. ②There is no (great) love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. ③For scientists and dinosaur fans, there has never been a (exciting) time. better greater more exciting 【写成佳句】　完成句子/一句多译 ④(读后续写之心理描写)再也没有比因为别人未能遵守诺言而让你失望更糟的事了。 to be let down by others because they have not kept their promises. ⑤地铁是最好的公共交通工具。 →The subway is means of public transportation. →No other means of public transportation is the subway. There is nothing worse than the best better than employ A.v.使用，利用 B. v.雇用 C. v.忙于 ①When did the company start to employ new people？ ②Every day I employ myself in doing homework. ③(全国卷Ⅰ)The likables' plays­well­with­others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump­start interpersonal skills and，when tapped early，are employed ever after in life and work. B C A Ⅰ.单词拼写 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 Ⅲ.完成句子 Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ⅱ.完形填空 favour anger Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共10分) 1．If I hadn't been faced with so many (障碍), I wouldn't be where I am. 2．In the recent years, Chinese people have (见证) the rapid improvement in the new technology. 3．Please remember to offer the (帮助) actively when he or she needs your help. 4．The man was filled with (愤怒) when he found he had been cheated. barriers witnessed differs 5．He (鞠躬) to the nurse and the nurse returns the compliment every time they meet. 6．By (比较) with last year, the price of the house has slightly increased. 7．You can turn to your parents or teachers, who will help you choose the (合适的) strategies to cope with your stress effectively. 8．By contrast，American English (不同于) from British English in many small ways. bows comparison appropriate 9．As the train was pulling out, the boy waved his hands at his parents, with tears rolling down both his (脸颊). 10．John is a (可靠的) employee who always finishes his work on time and with high quality. cheeks reliable Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．(2024·全国甲卷)For instance，almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. 2．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and (vary) of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. 3．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian (approve) section signed. on variety approval witnesses 4．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)BMF (employee) live out sustainability in their everyday lives. 5．Recent cloudy and rainy days helped lower water temperatures (slight). What an interesting novel！I have never read a (moving) story. 7．There are two (witness) who happened to be on the spot when the accident happened. employees slightly more moving 8．Ocean color varies green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. 9．The school bus broke and had to be towed to the nearest garage. 10．Eye­witness accounts of the fighting are (differ) markedly from police reports of what happened. from down different Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．主人有可能不喜欢你在餐桌旁就餐的方式。 The host may not like at the table. 2．认识到你自己的优缺点是自我提高的第一步。 is the first step to improve yourself. 3．我想知道你是否能帮我一个忙，指导我们修改一部短剧。 by guiding us to revise a short play. the way that/in which you have dinner Recognizing your own advantages and disadvantages I was wondering if you could do me a favour 4．我几乎崩溃了，因为我不知道如何适应高中的新环境。 I have almost ，as I don't know in senior high school. 5．我们的英语口语俱乐部经常组织各种各样的有意义的活动，鼓励我们开口讲英语，同时也能获得乐趣。 Our Spoken English Club regularly ，encouraging us to speak English as well as get pleasure. broken down how to adjust to the new surroundings organizes a variety of/varieties of/various meaningful activities The employing making Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) We can learn a lot about 1 people are thinking by watching their body language.Body language varies from culture to culture.The crucial thing is 2 (use) body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.For example，making eye contact is a way 3 (display) interest in some countries while in other countries，eye contact is not always approved of.4 gesture for“OK”has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan，someone who witnesses another person 5 (employ) the gesture might think it means money.However，you should avoid 6 (make) this gesture in Brazil and Germany，as it is not considered polite. what using to display better Even the gestures we use 7 “yes” and “no” differ around the world.In many countries, shaking one's head means “no” and nodding means “yes”．By 8 (compare), in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning.Some gestures seem 9 _______(have) the same meaning everywhere.Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps the best example is smiling.If we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing 10 (good) than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. for comparison to have Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A Believe it or not, you could be creating a bad impression on others, whether at your job or in your personal life, with what you don't say, even if you are saying and doing the right things.That's because many of our reactions to others are based on body language.If your body language is communicating a negative message, that's the message others could be getting, regardless of what actual words come out of your mouth. What are some of the negative messages sent via body language? Things like having your arms folded across the chest can show hostility (敌 意).Lack of eye contact can indicate shiftiness (奸诈).An unsmiling face could communicate a variety of things, like anger, disappointment or sadness, depending upon what other facial expressions are included at the same time.Want to know what body language communicates? An interesting approach is to watch a TV show or a movie with the sound off, and see how much you can figure out of the plot, or at least you can get a sense of what is going on. However, many of the clues that indicate negativity could also be the result of nervousness or other issues.For example, somebody who doesn't make eye contact could simply be nervous.The same is true of a not­so­firm handshake.Someone folding his arms could simply be more comfortable with the arms that way.Someone who doesn't smile could be self­conscious about his teeth.The person who sends off bad body gestures may not even realize that they're doing it. Unfortunately, some people who do recognize what body language communicates are scam (欺诈) artists.They may have the firmest handshake you've ever had, the shiniest smile you've ever seen and make the greatest eye contact so that you find their sincerity so convincing and their schemes so irresistible.They can achieve what they desire because they know how much this nonverbal communication matters in communicating a sense of trustworthiness.People fall for them, because their body language seems so truthful. If you're not sure what your body language is communicating, better ask a trusted friend for help.You can also concentrate on standing up straight and sitting up straight, if posture (姿势) is a problem.What's more, practicing in front of a mirror can also help you get rid of some bad habits.Also, remember to smile and nod if needed.And try to learn how to relax.Pay more attention to these details in your daily communications, and you will send more positive messages with your body language. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了肢体语言在日常交流中的重要性及其影响。 1．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that ． A．a person with great eye contact will be seen a scam artist B．people can make use of body language for wrong purposes C．one should not put trust in a person with a shiny smile D．you will be regarded as a scam artist if you shake hands firmly √ 解析：选B。推理判断题。由文章第四段可推知，人们可能会利用肢体语言来达到不正当的目的。故选B。 2．The underlined phrase “fall for” is closest in meaning to “ ”． A．be taken in B．be given up C．be used to D．be fully dropped 解析：选A。词句猜测题。由画线词组上文“Unfortunately, some people who do recognize what body language communicates are scam (欺诈) artists.”以及下文“because their body language seems so truthful”可知，因为他们的肢体语言看起来很真实，所以人们会上当受骗，由此可知，画线词组fall for意思是“上当受骗”，与选项A“be taken in (受骗，上当受骗)”意思一致。故选A。 √ 3．Which is the best title for this passage? A．The Secret of Body Language B．Body Language and Messages C．Is Body Language Serving You Well? D．What Can Body Language Convey? 解析：选C。标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段可知，本文主要讲的是肢体语言在传达信息方面的重要性，并讨论了如何正确使用肢体语言来传达积极的信息。由此可知，C选项“Is Body Language Serving You Well? (肢体语言对你有好处吗？)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。 √ B You may regard a wave as a common gesture, but what happens when you wave to your European friend across the street and she turns to walk the other way? It isn't because your friend is tired of your company.While most Americans interpret a wave as a friendly greeting or goodbye, the same movement is just as likely to express no in parts of Europe and Latin America.The same dissonance is true of other signals: showing the number two by holding up two fingers with the palm facing inward is inoffensive in most of the world, but it's a rude gesture in the United Kingdom and Australia. The most common understanding of the subject relates body language to spoken language.Gestures with specific meanings, while informally called “body language”， belong to the field of kinesics (人体动作学), an area of study that distinguishes these movements from instinctive actions, such as smiling when happy.Developed by Ray Birdwhistell in the 1950s, kinesics uses the building blocks of linguistics to understand how gestures produce meaning.As the units of sound that form spoken words are called phonemes (音素), the units of movement that form kinesic gestures are called kinemes—and, as the same phoneme can communicate a different meaning across languages, the same kineme can also communicate different meanings in different cultures or contexts.For example, the thumbs­up kineme indicates praise in North America, but it means something extremely rude in Australia. There's one more mess in understanding nonverbal communication, though.Although body language isn't universal, the emotions behind it may be.In a study performed by American researcher Paul Ekman, participants from the West, insular African communities, and New Guinea were shown a collection of more than 10，000 images illustrating different facial expressions.When 90 percent of participants regardless of cultural background, identified the same emotions in the photos, Ekman concluded that there were at least seven universal facial expressions: anger, disgust, fear, surprise, happiness, sadness, and contempt. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述语言不是通用的，但其背后的情感却有互通之处。 4．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Comparison. B．Disharmony. C．Theory. D．Discomfort. 解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词下文“showing the number two by holding up two fingers with the palm facing inward is inoffensive in most of the world, but it's a rude gesture in the United Kingdom and Australia.”可知，下文在解释这一名词，即同一肢体语言，在不同的地方含义不相同，因此推断画线单词含义是“不一致，差异”。故选B。 √ 5．What is the similarity between body and spoken language? A．They can be divided into the field of kinesics together. B．They are based on movements from instinctive actions. C．They convey different meanings with the same element. D．They can unite people in different countries and regions. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，肢体语言与口语的相似之处是，它们用同样的元素传达了不同的含义。故选C。 √ 6．How did Paul Ekman reach his conclusion? A．By interviewing participants from diverse backgrounds. B．By asking participants to show many facial expressions. C．By observing how participants reacted to those images. D．By judging if participants recognized the same emotions. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Paul Ekman通过判断参与者是否能辨别相同的情绪得出结论。故选D。 √ 7．What might be discussed in the following text? A．Other types of facial expressions. B．Applications of facial expressions. C．Drawbacks of Paul Ekman's study. D．Forms of nonverbal communication. √ 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段“When 90 percent of participants regardless of cultural background, identified the same emotions in the photos, Ekman concluded that there were at least seven universal facial expressions: anger, disgust, fear, surprise, happiness, sadness, and contempt.”可知，Paul Ekman发现，在不同的文化背景下，有些面部表情是通用的，因此可以推断接下来文章应该讲述这些通用的面部表情可以有哪些应用。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) At times we all wish that we knew what other people were thinking. 1 ， people's facial expressions, movements and posture (姿势) can communicate a lot about what is going on in their minds.Understanding these messages hidden in people's body language can require a lot of skill, but Joe Navarro's book What EVERY BODY is Saying can help 2 that ability. Small changes in body language can help you recognize if someone is 3 ．Even when people don't lie directly, they sometimes try to hide their feelings.Whether you are 4 with people in business or in your personal life, recognizing these feelings can help you look out for their interests and your own. According to Navarro, establishing a baseline for how a person behaves is important to avoid 5 their body language.Most facial expressions and gestures can mean several different things, so 6 when people use certain expressions.Recognizing this baseline can help you understand whether expressions and gestures indicate a(n) 7 to something you said or not.For example, rubbing one's eyes may be a sign of 8 with a topic.But if the person has been rubbing their eyes 9 ， they might just be tired. When people think of body language, facial expressions tend to come to mind, and these can tell you a lot.For example, if someone keeps looking away from you, they might be distracted or uncomfortable, and pressing one's lips together often indicates 10 ．And if someone keeps looking away or covering their mouth, it might mean they are 11 something. Some people have become good at controlling their facial expressions to conceal their 12 ．When dealing with someone like them, look at the rest of their body, especially their feet and legs.Many people bounce their feet when they are happy or excited. 13 ， if someone feels uncomfortable, they may point their feet away from the person they are speaking to. Proximity (接近，亲近) to other people is also part of body language.People stand closer to people they like or feel comfortable with than to strangers or people they don't like.And posture also 14 ．Sitting or standing up straight can show that someone feels confident, while sitting with crossed arms indicates that they feel 15 or uncomfortable. Body language can communicate a lot about people's thoughts and feelings, and thus, help you relate to them. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言在人际交往中的重要性，以及如何通过观察和理解他人的肢体语言来更好地与周围人相处。 1．A．Frequently B．Generally C．Fortunately D．Frankly 解析：选C。根据前文“At times we all wish that we knew what other people were thinking.”以及后文“people's facial expressions, movements and posture (姿势) can communicate a lot about what is going on in their minds.”可知，人们希望知道他人在想什么，而人们的面部表情、动作和姿势可以很好地传达他们的想法，所以是幸运的。故选C。 √ 2．A．provide B．develop C．discover D．arouse 解析：选B。根据前文“Joe Navarro's book What EVERY BODY is Saying”可知，书籍应是帮助培养这种能力。故选B。 √ 3．A．lying B．thinking C．changing D．wishing 解析：选A。根据后文“Even when people don't lie directly, they sometimes try to hide their feelings.”可知，细微的变化可以帮助你识别某人是否在撒谎。故选A。 √ 4．A．cooperating B．negotiating C．investigating D．interacting 解析：选D。根据后文“recognizing these feelings can help you look out for their interests and your own”可知，识别这些感觉，也就是撒谎，而撒谎需要先互动，所以是在工作中还是在个人生活中与人互动。故选D。 √ 5．A．misguiding B．misinterpreting C．mistrusting D．mismanaging 解析：选B。根据后文“Recognizing this baseline can help you understand whether expressions and gestures indicate a(n) 7 to something you said or not.”可知，认识到这个基线可以帮助理解他人，也就是避免误解。故选B。 √ 6．A．look out B．give out C．figure out D．put out 解析：选C。根据前文“According to Navarro, establishing a baseline for how a person behaves is important to avoid 5 their body language.”可知，为一个人的行为建立一个底线，需要先弄清楚(figure out)人们什么时候会使用特定的表情。look out “当心，小心”；give out“释放；用完；耗尽”；put out“扑灭”。故选C。 √ 7．A．reaction B．result C．instinct D．insight 解析：选A。根据前文“According to Navarro, establishing a baseline for how a person behaves is important to avoid 5 their body language.”可知，为一个人的行为建立一个基线对于避免误解他们的肢体语言很重要，因为这可以帮助你理解表情和手势是否是对你所说的事情的反应。故选A。 √ 8．A．satisfaction B．anxiety C．appreciation D．discomfort 解析：选D。根据前文“rubbing one's eyes”结合选项可知，揉眼睛表示不专注，也就是对话题不感兴趣，对某个话题感到不舒服。故选D。 √ 9．A．occasionally B．constantly C．suddenly D．gradually 解析：选B。根据后文“they might just be tired.”根据常识，一个人累了，可能会一直揉眼睛。故选B。 √ 10．A．agreement B．excitement C．depression D．displeasure 解析：选D。根据前文“and pressing one's lips together”根据常识可知，噘起嘴唇通常表示不高兴。故选D。 √ 11．A．hiding B．criticizing C．transferring D．explaining 解析：选A。根据前文“if someone keeps looking away or covering their mouth”可知，有人一直看别处或捂住嘴，是心虚的表现，所以是意味着他们在隐瞒什么。故选A。 √ 12．A．habits B．expressions C．emotions D．advantages 解析：选C。根据前文“When people think of body language, facial expressions tend to come to mind, and these can tell you a lot.”以及第四段内容可知，面部表情会泄露本身情绪，所以此处是控制他们的面部表情来隐藏他们的情绪。故选C。 √ 13．A．In principle B．In contrast C．In all D．In reality 解析：选B。根据前文“Many people bounce their feet when they are happy or excited.”以及后文“if someone feels uncomfortable, they may point their feet away from the person they are speaking to.”可知，前后文是相反的例子。故选B。 √ 14．A．adjusts B．follows C．moves D．matters 解析：选D。根据后文“Sitting or standing up straight can show that someone feels confident”可知，可以从姿势判断人的情绪，所以姿势也很重要。故选D。 √ 15．A．defensive B．ambitious C．dependent D．aggressive 解析：选A。根据后文“or uncomfortable”可知，空处和uncomfortable并列，意思相近，所以应是“defensive防御性的”符合语境。故选A。 √ $