unit 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修1同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语课件以“卓有成就的人物”为主题，聚焦屠呦呦发现青蒿素案例，涵盖语篇精读、词汇语法及课后分层练习。课堂导入通过“对抗传染病的中国科学家”提问引发思考，按主旨归纳、细节分析、巩固讨论的步骤搭建学习支架，衔接词汇（如vital、committed）与语法（定语从句、Sb+be+过去分词+to do句型）教学。 其亮点在于融合语言能力、文化意识与思维品质培养，通过语篇问题链（如研究挑战、团队合作）引导学生分析文本，结合高考真题设计词汇语法练习（如committed to doing的单句填空），渗透传统中医药价值与家国情怀。学生能提升综合语言运用与批判性思维，教师可借助系统资源高效实施分层教学。

Try to become not a man of success，but try rather to become a man of value. —Albert Einstein 努力不是为了功成名就，而是为了成为有价值的人。 ——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 主题语境：人与社会——卓有成就的人物 UNIT 1 更多模板请关注：https://haosc.taobao.com 1 课后分层练 1 Xiaohe stood before her classmates, eager to share stories of two genius scientists.She began with Tu Youyou, whose work in physiology saved millions of lives.In the 1970s, Tu aimed to defeat malaria.After encountering ancient texts, she insisted on studying wormwood.Through persistent experiments, she obtained a crucial extract using a low­temperature method to preserve its properties.This substance, later named artemisinin, became a vital treatment.“Her objective was clear，” Xiaohe said, “and she proved traditional medicine's power.”Next, Xiaohe talked about Albert Einstein.Though best known for relativity, Einstein once worked at a patent office, analysing devices.He earned his doctorate in 1905, the same year he drafted revolutionary papers.Xiaohe explained how his theory redefined physics, inferring that energy and mass are linked.Despite difficult circumstances, his passion for science never faded.“He held a patent for a fridge design too！”Xiaohe added, highlighting his versatility.Both scientists, Xiaohe concluded, showed that curiosity and determination could change the world. Reading and Thinking Section Ⅰ Step One　Lead­in Discuss and answer the following questions. Do you know some Chinese scientists who fight against infectious diseases? Who are they? Yes, I know some scientists, who have made great contributions to the fight against some deadly infectious diseases. They are Zhong Nanshan, Chen Wei, and Li Lanjuan. opinion Step Two　Read for the main idea 1．Skim the text and fill in the blanks. discovery introduction process 2．What is the main idea of the text? A．Tu Youyou's discovery of artemisinin and her great contributions to the medical field. B．Tu Youyou's early life. C．How Tu Youyou saved lives in Africa. D．How Tu Youyou became a famous scientist. √ Step Three　Read for details Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions. 1．Why is artemisinin important? 2．How did Tu Youyou's background help her research? It's a new treatment for malaria, saving hundreds of thousands of lives and improving health for millions. It saves 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone. Her education in traditional Chinese medicine and experience at the China Academy prepared her to explore ancient texts and botanical treatments. 3．What challenges did Tu Youyou's team face? 4．How did they ensure artemisinin was safe and effective? What does Tu Youyou think about the discovery of artemisinin? They tried dried wormwood leaves and boiling fresh wormwood, but neither worked. The project got stuck until Tu found a new extraction method. Tu and her team tested it on themselves first, then on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. She believes it was a team effort and highlights the value of traditional Chinese medicine. Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the following questions with your partners and present your answer to the class. 1．Do you want to be a person like Tu Youyou? Why or why not? 2．If yes, what preparations are you going to make? Your presentation： Yes.I do want to be someone like Tu Youyou, because I really admire her for her commitment to her work and contributions to our country.So from now on, I will study even harder to get myself prepared for whatever career I may choose and acquire as much knowledge as possible. TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE 6 October 2015 This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology① or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co­winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin②，a crucial③ new treatment for malaria.Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of④ lives, and has led to⑤ improved health for millions of people.Over 200 million people around the ①physiology n． 生理学；生理机能 ②artemisinin n．[药]青蒿素 ③crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 ④hundreds of thousands of 数以万计 ⑤lead to(lead­led­led) 导致；通向(to为介词) world get malaria⑥ each year, and about 600, 000 die from⑦ it.Artemisinin has become a vital⑧ part of the treatment for malaria, and [2]is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone⑨. ⑥malaria n．疟疾 ⑦die from 死于 ⑧vital adj. 必不可少的； 极其重要的；充满生机的 ⑨alone adv. 独自地； 单独地；只，仅仅 [1]此句是一个复合句， whose在句中引导定语从句， 表“所属， 所有”； a crucial new treatment for malaria作artemisinin的同位语。 [2]可以转换成句式：It is thought that artemisinin saves 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone. [3]Tu Youyou, a committed⑩ and patient scientist, was born in⑪ Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from⑫ Peking University Medical School in 1955.After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy⑬ of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with he objective⑭ of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen⑮.In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria ⑩committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的； 坚信的 commit vt.承诺；保证 (某个人、机构等) vi.忠于； 全心全意投入(工作、活动等) commit oneself to do 承诺；保证 (做某事、遵守协议或安排等) ⑪be born in...出生在…… be born with...天生……；与生俱来…… ⑫graduate from 从……毕业 ⑬academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的) 研究院；学会；专科院校 academic adj.学业的；学术的 ⑭objective n．目标；目的 adj.客观的 with the objective of＝with the aim/goal of 怀着……的目标 ⑮choose(chose­chosen) v．选择 choice n．选择 have no choice but to do sth 别无选择只能做某事 ⑯botanical adj.植物学的 ⑰evaluate vt.评价；评估 ⑱property n．性质；特征；财产 ⑲distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 ⑳promise n．许诺；前途；迹象 promising adj.有希望的， 有前途的 patients.In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical⑯ treatments for the disease.Her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts, and evaluated⑰ 280, 000 plants for their medical properties⑱.[4]From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct⑲ ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise⑳ in the fight against malaria. ㉑suggest doing sth 建议做某事 suggest that sb (should) do 建议某人做某事 ㉒extract n．提取物；摘录 vt.提取； 提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出 ㉓a collection of 很多，一批 ㉔wormwood n．蒿；洋艾 ㉕boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点 ㉖liquid n．液体adj.液体的；液态的 ㉗obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得； 赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 [3]此句是一个简单句，a committed and patient scientist在句中作同位语；and连接两个并列谓语。 [4]此句是复合句，句中that引导定语从句，that在从句中作主语。 One medical text from the fourth century suggested㉑ using the extract㉒ from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu's team tested a collection of㉓ dried wormwood㉔ leaves but found no effect.They then tried boiling㉕ fresh wormwood, and using the liquid㉖ obtained㉗ ㉘get stuck 被困住 ㉙acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢 ㉚defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜 ㉛analys(z)e vt.分析 ㉜by chance/accident 碰巧；偶然 ㉝conclude that...(＝make a conclusion that...) 得出结论…… ㉞apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 ㉟substance n．物质；物品；事实根据 from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.Their project got stuck㉘.However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge㉙ defeat㉚.She analysed㉛ the medical texts again, and by chance㉜, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.She concluded that㉝ boiling the sweet wormwood apparently㉞destroyed its medical properties. [5]Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance㉟ that worked.[6]After failing more than 190 times, ㊱insist vi.&vt. 坚持；坚决要求 insist on (doing) 坚决要求(做) ㊲make sure that... 确保，确定 the team finally succeeded in 1971.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted㊱ on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that㊲ it was safe.[7]Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered．This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. [5]句中动词­ing形式(短语)作方式状语；that worked为定语从句修饰先行词substance。 [6]句中介词after＋动词­ing形式(短语), 可转换成连词after引导的时间状语从句： After they failed more than 190 times。 [7]句中most of whom引导定语从句，whom修饰先行词malaria patients, 类似结构还有： some of/none of/many of whom。 ㊳a team effort 团队合作 ㊴prove vt. 证明，证实 ㊵indeed adv. 的确；实在 ㊶scientific adj. 科学(上)的； 关于科学的 According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort㊳.[8]Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said，“The honour is not just mine．There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.This success proves㊴the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.It is indeed㊵an honour for China's scientific㊶research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.” [8]句中“upon＋动词­ing形式短语”作时间状语，upon/on doing意为“一……就……”。 屠呦呦荣获诺贝尔奖 2015年10月6日 本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦(共同获奖者), 她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以发现。青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命，改善了很多人的健康状况。全世界每年有2亿多人感染疟疾，其中约60万人死于该种疾病。青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。 屠呦呦，这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学部(原北京医学院)。 毕业后，她就职于北京的中国中医研究院。1967年，中国政府成立了一支科学家团队，旨在发现一种新型抗疟疾疗法，屠呦呦入选首批研究人员。起初，屠呦呦奔赴疟疾更为常见的海南研究疟疾患者。1969年，她在北京成了该项目的负责人，并决定从中医药古方中寻找应对疟疾的传统植物疗法。她的团队研读了2 000多篇(个)中医药古籍(古方), 评估了28万种植物的药学属性。通过研究，他们发现并测试了380种不同的有望战胜疟疾的古代中医疗法。 一本四世纪的医学文献建议采用青蒿提取物治疗发烧，屠呦呦的团队测试了一组干青蒿叶，但是发现无效。之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾，但是依旧无效。他们的项目陷入了僵局。然而，屠呦呦并不认输。她再次分析医学文献，碰巧发现其中有一句话建议采用一种不同的方法处理青蒿。她得出结论，认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学属性。通过使用更低的温度萃取提取物后，她发现了一种有效物质。经历了190多次的失败之后，团队终于在1971年获得了成功。屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。随后，该药物试用于疟疾患者，其中大多数人康复了。这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快就成为治疗疟疾的标准疗法。 据屠呦呦所说，青蒿素的发现是团队共同努力的结果。获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。我的身后是一个团队以及全国人民。这项成功印证了传统中医药的巨大价值。中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。” vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 【教材原句】　Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。 be vital for/to... 对……极为重要 It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要 It is vital that...(should) do sth 做某事是十分重要的 be of vital importance/significance 至关重要 【佳句必背】　①It is of vital importance/significance that we (should) learn something from failure.(读后续写之主旨升华) 我们从失败中吸取教训是至关重要的。 ②If we are to make a difference in life, it's vital that we (should) begin with small things.(读后续写之主旨升华) 如果我们想要在生活中发挥作用，重要的是我们应该从小事开始。 importance a vital link It is vital that 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Consideration for other people is vital all of us. ②It's vital that we (carry) out the operation immediately. ③It is vital (protect) wild animals. ④Agriculture is of vital (important) to the nation's economy and the people's livelihood. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑤毫无疑问，社会习俗在现在和过去之间起到了重要的纽带作用。 Undoubtedly, social customs provide between the present and the past. ⑥(2021·全国乙卷)重要的是我们应培养如何正确利用网络学习资源的意识。 we develop an awareness of properly using the online learning resources. for/to (should) carry to protect committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的[联想：commit vt.承诺；保证；犯(错误；罪行等) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) commitment n．承诺；投入；献身；奉献] 【教材原句】　Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. 屠呦呦，这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学部(原北京医学院)。 (1)be committed to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事 (2)commit mistakes/a crime 犯错/犯罪 commit sb/oneself to do sth 承诺做某事 commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事 commit sth to (doing) sth 投入……(做)某事 (3)make a commitment to (doing) sth 保证/承诺(做)某事 【佳句必背】It takes a deep commitment to change and an even deeper commitment to grow.(读后续写之主旨升华) 改变需要很大的付出，成长需要更大的付出。 commit an hour a day to reading were committed to 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The boy (commit) to the care of his aunt yesterday. ②He has committed himself the cause of education. ③He has committed himself (support) them. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(应用文之建议信)我强烈建议你每天花一个小时读英语，这能逐渐提高你的英语口语。 I strongly suggest you English, which can gradually improve your oral English. ⑤(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)在父亲的帮助下，双胞胎致力于做一顿美味的早餐。 With the help of their father, the twins making delicious breakfast. was committed to to support evaluate vt.评估；评价(联想：evaluation n．估计；评价) 【教材原句】　Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280，000 plants for their medical properties. 她的团队研读了2 000多篇(个)中医药古籍(古方), 评估了28万种植物的药学属性。 (1)evaluate sb on/by 根据……评价某人 (2)make an evaluation of 对……进行评估 【佳句必背】　I evaluated the situation and realized the boy was close to the jetty and maybe I could help from there.(读后续写之动作描写)我评估了一下情况，意识到男孩离码头很近，也许我可以在那里帮忙。 make an evaluation of 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①We must evaluate her ability her work. ②Some people claim that a group project should (evaluate) in terms of individual students' performance. ③(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Program (evaluation) show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④一些教授被请来评估新教师们设计的教学计划。 Some professors were asked to the teaching plans designed by the new teachers． on/by be evaluated evaluations acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢(联想：acknowledgment/acknowledgement n．承认；感谢) 【教材原句】　However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并不认输。 (1)acknowledge sb/sth to be/as... 承认某人/某物是…… acknowledge (doing/having done) sth 承认(做)某事 acknowledge that... 承认…… It's widely/generally acknowledged that... 大家公认…… (2)in acknowledgement of 为感谢…… 【佳句必背】　It's acknowledged that people can't succeed without a strong will. 大家公认，如果没有坚定的意志，人们就无法成功。 It is widely acknowledged that 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①She is acknowledged (be) one of the best singers in the world. ②With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge (steal) the lady's purse. ③I was sent a free copy in (acknowledge) of my contribution. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④大家公认应该从综合素质来评价学生。 students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality. to be stealing acknowledgement insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 【教材原句】 Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. 屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。 insist on/upon (doing) sth 坚持(做)某事 insist(坚决要求/坚持主张)＋that... 从句用虚拟语气 insist(坚持说/认为)＋that... 从句用陈述语气 【佳句必背】①The Student Union insists that every participant (should) arrive at the hall on time.(应用文之通知) 学生会坚决要求每个参与者按时到达大厅。 ②My mother insisted on posting the video online, so I had to give in to her. 我妈妈坚持要把视频发到网上，所以我只好让步了。 insisted on 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The teacher insisted on all the homework (hand) in on Monday. ②(2023·浙江1月卷)What made me scared to death was that my brother insisted that he (use)a knife to cut the pumpkin open. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③她坚持说她祖母知道一切，坚持说她需要她。 She insisted that her grandmother and that she needed her. ④(读后续写之情感描写)他眼中满是感激的泪水，坚持给我们大笔钱酬谢我们的帮助。 With grateful tears hanging in his eyes, he rewarding us with a lot of money for helping him. being handed (should) use was aware of everything “Sb/Sth＋be＋过去分词＋to do”句型 【教材原句】　Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。 (1)“Sb/Sth＋be＋过去分词＋to do”句型可与“It's＋过去分词＋that...”互换。常用于此句型的动词的过去分词有 said, thought，believed, hoped, reported，announced, known，acknowledged，considered，proved等。 (2)在此句型中不定式有几种不同的形式： ①to do (常表示主动，动作将要发生) ②to be doing (表示主动，动作正在进行) ③to have done (表示主动，动作已完成) 【佳句必背】　In the distance is a tall tree which is said to have a history of over 500 years. 远处有一棵高大的树，据说已经有500多年的历史了。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ① is thought that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination but in the journey itself. ②My family has a vase, which (think) to date back to the Ming Dynasty. 【写成佳句】　完成句子/一句多译 ③The mayor (据报道) visit our school next week. It is thought is reported to are thought to start ④ (普遍认为) a good education is beneficial to young people. ⑤An agreement (被宣布已达成) at the end of the meeting. ⑥人们认为中国人比西方人更早开始使用纸币。 → Chinese people started to use paper money earlier than westerners. →Chinese people to use paper money earlier than westerners. It is generally believed that was announced to have been reached It is thought that upon/on doing...当……时；一……就…… 【教材原句】　Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said，“The honour is not just mine...” 获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……” (1)介词on/upon后面可以跟动名词或名词作宾语构成介宾短语，在句中作状语，意为“在……的时候；当……时；一……就……”，可以转换为 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。 (2)表示“一……就……”的常用词(组)有： as soon as，directly/instantly/immediately，the moment/minute/second/instant，hardly...when...，no sooner...than...等。 (3)当 no sooner...than...中的 no sooner和 hardly...when...的hardly 位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 【佳句必背】　①On arriving in a foreign country, we may feel very excited, and everything appears wonderful.刚到国外的时候，我们可能会感到很兴奋，一切事情看起来都很奇妙。 ②No sooner had she said it than she burst into tears. 她刚说完，泪水便夺眶而出。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①No sooner had the game started it began to rain heavily. ②Hardly had I finished eating he came in. than when The moment I heard 【写成佳句】　一句多译 (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)当听到我在写作比赛中获得第一名的消息时，一种又惊又喜的感觉涌上心头。 ③ the news that I won first prize in the writing contest, a sense of happiness mixed with surprise flooded into my mind.(on/upon doing sth) ④ the news that I won first prize in the writing contest, a sense of happiness mixed with surprise flooded into my mind.(as soon as) ⑤ the news that I won first prize in the writing contest, a sense of happiness mixed with surprise flooded into my mind.(immediately) ⑥ the news that I won first prize in the writing contest, a sense of happiness mixed with surprise flooded into my mind.(the moment) On/Upon hearing As soon as I heard Immediately I heard 1．acknowledge eq \x(A.vt.承认　B．vt.告知收到　C．vt.公开感谢) ①I acknowledge my mother，who always supports me whatever happens. ②Gradually he began to acknowledge his feelings of envy towards his sister. ③All applications will be acknowledged by emails. C A B 2．conclude eq \x(A.vt.推断出；得出结论；使结束　B．vi.结束；终止体验) ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter (清理). ②There are big regional differences, the researchers concluded. B A 3．distinct eq \x(A.adj.不同的　B．adj.明显的) ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. ②(2023·全国乙卷) It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, but somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. A B 4．写出句中加黑单词的词性及汉语意思 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties. ②He has no objective evidence that anything extraordinary was happening. n.性质，特性 adj.客观的 Ⅰ.单词拼写 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 Ⅲ.完成句子 Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ⅱ.完形填空 insisted analyse concluded Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共10分) 1．The success of this experiment is (关键性的) to the project as a whole. 2．These people are short of all understanding of (科学的) principles. 3．At that time, I (坚决要求) that they should wait for our return. 4．The coach tried to (分析) the cause of our defeat. 5．The report (得出结论) that no big changes were necessary. crucial scientific obtaining acknowledged 6．To their sadness, they failed to carry out all their (目标). 7．We'll (主要地) work at home, communicating ideas for work online. 8．It is (清晰的) that smoking is harmful to health. 9．She decided to go on her study after (获得) her first degree. 10．He (承认) that the accident was due to his carelessness. objectives mostly distinct scientific were Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．China is committed to (strengthen) friendship and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. 2．The knowledge and skills the trainees have learned can help them make a clear (distinct) between these two machines. 3．This material is very rare and is also hard (obtain). 4．Although his wife is young，she has made wonderful (science) discoveries. 5．He insisted that I should take back what I said, but I insisted that my words (be) right. strengthening distinction to obtain acknowledgement defeated 6．To prevent some diseases, we'd better drink (boil) water. 7． (commit) to education, he committed every minute to studying and teaching, so his commitment finally paid off. 8． (apparent), the information obtained from the website is not true. 9．To my disappointment, I haven't received any (acknowledge) of or reply to my application. 10．The team will make it to the finals unless (defeat) in the next match. boiled Committed Apparently Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．大家公认海洋在地球上至关重要。 the ocean plays a key role in our planet. 2．我完全认识到保持规律饮食和睡眠的重要性。(crucial) I fully understand a regular eating and sleeping schedule. 3．我们应该知道遭受失败是我们人生旅途中很常见的事情。(defeat n．) We ought to know that is common in our life journey. It is acknowledged that how crucial it is to keep suffering (a) defeat 4．你如果去故宫博物院，你就会发现许多珍宝在那儿展览。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语) If you go to the Palace Museum, you'll there. 5．健康的生活通常被认为与开阔的乡村和土生土长的食物有关。(sb/sth be thought to) A healthy life is usually the open countryside and home­grown food. find many treasures exhibited thought to be related to to find Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) In 2015, Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine because she discovered artemisinin, which is a vital 1 (treat) for malaria. Tu Youyou was born in Ningbo, China in 1930 and 2 (graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955.In 1967, she, together with a team of 3 (scientist), began to discover a new treatment for malaria.In 1969, as the head of the project, she decided 4 (find) traditional botanical treatments for the disease from ancient Chinese medical texts.She got an inspiration from one medical text of the treatment graduated scientists at Luckily which fourth century, which suggested 5 (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.At first her team tested a collection of 6 (dry) wormwood leaves but it didn't work.Then they tried boiling fresh wormwood, 7 this had no effect, either.However, she didn't acknowledge the defeat and finally found a different way to treat the wormwood.She drew out the extract from the wormwood 8 a lower temperature and found a substance that worked.9 (lucky), her team finally succeeded in 1971 and the medicine，10 was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. using dried but Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A (2025·吉林长春高二上期中) Innovative Inventions of the Year Self­Cleaning Water Bottle Often, we worry about the cleanliness of our water bottles, especially when using them on the go.The Self­Cleaning Water Bottle is a remarkable invention.It uses UV light technology to kill bacteria and keep the water inside pure and safe.You simply press a button, and within minutes, the bottle is sanitized. Portable Projector For those who love to watch movies or give presentations anywhere, the Portable Projector is a game­changer.It's small and lightweight, making it easy to carry around.You can connect it to your phone or laptop and project a large screen image on any surface. Foldable Bicycle The Foldable Bicycle is perfect for urban commuters.It can be folded up quickly and easily, allowing you to store it in a small space, like under your desk or in a closet.It's also lightweight, making it effortless to carry when needed. Smart Garden If you have a passion for gardening but lack space or time, the Smart Garden is for you.It automatically waters your plants and provides the right amount of light.You can control it through a mobile app, even when you're not at home. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四项年度创新发明。 1．What is special about the Self­Cleaning Water Bottle? A．It can clean itself with UV light. B．It's made of special materials. C．It has a beautiful design. D．It's very easy to carry. √ 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据Self­Cleaning Water Bottle中“It uses UV light technology to kill bacteria and keep the water inside pure and safe.You simply press a button, and within minutes, the bottle is sanitized.”可知，自动清洁水瓶的特别之处是它可以用紫外线自行清洗。故选A项。 2．What is the Foldable Bicycle suitable for according to the passage? A．Long­distance travel. B．Mountain climbing. C．Urban commuting. D．Professional races. √ 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Foldable Bicycle中“The Foldable Bicycle is perfect for urban commuters.”可知，可折叠自行车适合城市通勤。故选C项。 3．What can you do with the Smart Garden when you're not at home? A．Connect it to other gardens. B．Control it through a mobile app. C．Water the plants by yourself. D．Take it with you. √ 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据Smart Garden中“You can control it through a mobile app, even when you're not at home.”可知，当你不在家的时候，你可以通过手机应用程序控制Smart Garden。故选B项。 B (2025·浙江省研究联盟高二上期中)Spanish scientist Pilar Bosch has found a way to use bacteria (细菌) to repair 18th­century paintings. Bosch, a microbiologist, tells Reuters she got the idea for the method while considering possibilities for a paper toward her doctoral degree.During this process, she discovered someone else's paper that suggested bacteria can be used to restore artworks. At around the same time, Bosch learned that her mother was struggling to find a good method for restoring 18th­century paintings.The paintings, by Spanish artist Antonio Palomino, sat in Santos Juanes—one of the oldest churches in the city of Valencia. Bosch said her mother, Pilar Roig, noted how difficult the restoration process at the church was.One reason was the glue used to remove the paintings from the walls in the 1960s.The substance was nearly impossible to remove completely. “My mother had a very difficult problem to solve and I found a paper about bacteria used to clean frescoes in Italy，” Bosch said.A fresco is a kind of painting that often appears across a large wall. Bosch added she decided to write her doctoral paper on the same subject.That was more than ten years ago.Today, she gets to work with her mother on the church restoration (修复).They are using the bacteria method to remove glue from artworks.The $4.46 million project is being financed by local organizations. The process involves feeding small amounts of the glue—made from animal collagen (胶原)—to the bacteria.After a time, the bacteria begin to naturally produce enzymes to break down the glue. The mother­daughter team then mixes the bacteria with a natural algae (藻类)­based substance, called a gel, and places it onto the paintings.They say that after about three hours, the gel mixture is removed, leaving the paintings glue­free. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西班牙科学家Pilar Bosch如何通过细菌来修复18世纪画作，并介绍这种方法相比传统手段的优势及其应用情况。 4．How did Bosch come up with the idea? A．From a news report. B．From a doctor's interview. C．From someone else's paper. D．From an art project poster. √ 解析：选C 。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Bosch, a microbiologist, tells Reuters she got the idea for the method while considering possibilities for a paper toward her doctoral degree.During this process, she discovered someone else's paper that suggested bacteria can be used to restore artworks.(博斯是一名微生物学家，她告诉路透社，她在考虑写一篇博士论文的可能性时产生了这种方法的想法。在这个过程中，她发现了别人的论文，该论文认为细菌可以用来修复艺术品。)”可知，Bosch是从她读到的一篇研究论文中得到了基于细菌的修复方法的想法。故选C项。 5．What does “The substance” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．A glue. B．A wall. C．A painting. D．A bacterium. √ 解析：选A。 词义猜测题。根据画线短语前的“One reason was the glue used to remove the paintings from the walls in the 1960s.(其中一个原因是20世纪60年代用来从墙上移除画作的胶水。)”可知，在画线单词前的句子中提到了20世纪60年代用来从墙上移除画作的胶水，结合下文的“The substance was nearly impossible to remove completely.(这种物质几乎不可能完全去除。)”可知，该物质应指的是“胶水”。故选A项。 6．Who is providing funds for the church restoration project? A．The Spanish government. B．The local organizations. C．The mother­daughter team. D．The global artist community. √ 解析：选B。 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“The $4.46 million project is being financed by local organizations.(这个价值446万美元的项目由当地组织提供资金。)”可知，这个项目是由当地组织出资。故选B项。 7．Which is the best title for the passage? A．18th­century Artworks Discovered on Church Walls. B．Bacteria Show Amazing Promise in Artwork Creation. C．Churches Appeal for More Support in Art Restoration. D．Scientist Uses Bacteria to Repair 18th­century Artworks. √ 解析：选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段“Spanish scientist Pilar Bosch has found a way to use bacteria to repair 18th­century paintings.(西班牙科学家Pilar Bosch发现了一种利用细菌修复18世纪画作的方法)”以及下文中介绍的该修复方法是如何发现的可知，文章主要说明了Bosch发现并使用细菌修复18世纪画作的方法，所以标题“科学家用细菌修复18世纪的艺术品”与本文讲述的内容吻合，且概括了本文的主题。故选D项。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·湖南省长沙市高二上月考)At just 14 years old, Heman Bekele from Virginia stood out as the winner of the 2023 Young Scientist Challenge.Among the ten finalists he 1 the title of “America's Top Young Scientist” with his 2 creation known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap(SCTS), a bar of soap created for the very first time at a low cost to treat melanoma, the most common kind of skin cancer. Rather than a cure, Bekele's brilliant idea 3 the development of a soap that aims to help the patient's cells stay active while fighting melanoma.He always has endless passion for biology and technology, and the Young Scientist Challenge just 4 him with the perfect platform to display his ideas.Reflecting on his 5 ，Bekele shared that his childhood experience had played a crucial role in 6 his innovative thinking.“Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun, I wanted to raise people's awareness of 7 related to constant sun exposure.” “I wanted to make my idea accessible to a broad audience，” Bekele remarked during an interview with the media.Bekele also passionately expressed his 8 of turning the soap into a world where skin cancer treatment is within 9 for all.He was grateful that he had received invaluable 10 from a product engineering specialist, who connected him with other scientists to 11 him to reach his ambitious plans. While similar methods are available for skin cancer treatments, his solution is a more 12 option.In the future, Bekele longs to 13 his invention by trial and error and establish a nonprofit organization 14 to providing fair skin cancer treatment to as many people as possible, bringing 15 in the battle against skin cancer. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Heman Bekele在2023年年轻科学家挑战赛中凭借他的创新发明——一种用于治疗黑色素瘤(最常见的皮肤癌)的低成本肥皂而获得冠军的故事。Bekele希望通过这一发明提高人们对长时间暴露于阳光下的风险的认识，并使得皮肤癌治疗更加普及。 A．kept B．desired C．defended D．secured √ 解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：在十位决赛选手中，他凭借其创新发明锁定了“美国顶尖年轻科学家”的称号。A.kept保持；B.desired渴望；C.defended防守；D.secured争取到。根据文中句子“stood out as the winner of the 2023 Young Scientist Challenge”，可知下文说的是“美国顶尖年轻科学家”的称号，可推理出Bekele获得了该称号，故选D项。 A．innovative B．instant C．rigid D．common √ 解析：选A 。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在十位决赛选手中，他凭借其创新发明锁定了“美国顶尖年轻科学家”的称号。A.innovative创新的；B.instant立即的；C.rigid顽固的；D.common常见的。根据文中句子“a bar of soap created for the very first time at a low cost to treat melanoma”可知，这是一块以低成本首次创造出来用于治疗黑色素瘤的肥皂，可推理出此处表示的是这种肥皂是具有开创性的，故选A项。 3． A．focuses on B．relies on C．puts on D．agrees on √ 解析：选 A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：与其说是治愈方法，Bekele的绝妙想法集中在开发一种旨在帮助患者细胞在对抗黑色素瘤时保持活跃的肥皂。A.focuses on集中在；B.relies on依赖；C.puts on穿上；D.agrees on达成一致。根据“aims to help the patient's cells stay active while fighting melanoma”可知他的目标是如何帮助病人的细胞保持活性，可推理出此处说的他的想法集中于帮助病人的细胞保持活性，故选A项。 4． A．armed B．satisfied C．provided D．assisted √ 解析：选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对生物学和技术有着无尽的热情，而年轻科学家挑战赛则为他提供了展示想法的完美平台。A.armed武装；B.satisfied满意；C.provided提供；D.assisted协助。根据下文“the perfect platform to display his ideas”可知下文说的是展示想法的完美平台，可推理出此处说的是为他提供了展示想法的完美平台，这里需要一个表示“提供”的动词，故选C项。 A．Profession B．inspiration C．determination D．imagination √ 解析：选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：回顾他的灵感来源时，Bekele分享说他的童年经历在他的创新思维塑造过程中发挥了关键作用。A.profession职业；B.inspiration灵感；C.determination决心；D.imagination想象。根据上文“the development of a soap that aims to help the patient's cells stay active while fighting melanoma”，可知此处说的是一种旨在帮助患者细胞在对抗黑色素瘤时保持活跃的肥皂的研发，可推理出这里指的是他的灵感来源，故选B项。 A．Shaping B．showing C．quitting D．obeying √ 解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：回顾他的灵感来源时，Bekele分享说他的童年经历在他的创新思维塑造过程中发挥了关键作用。A.shaping塑造；B.showing展示；C.quitting停止；D.obeying服从。根据下文“his innovative thinking”，可知下文说的是他的创新思维，可推理出空白处应填表示“塑造”含义的表达，故选A项。 A．risks B．crises C．challenges D．advantages √ 解析：选 A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：目睹人们在烈日下辛勤工作后，他想要提高人们对与持续日晒相关的风险的认识。A.risks风险；B.crises危机；C.challenges挑战；D.advantages优势。根据文中句子“related to constant sun exposure”可知，下文说的是长期的日晒，可推理出此处应是指由于长时间暴露在太阳下所带来的风险，故选A项。 A．fear B．doubt C．dream D．surprise √ 解析：选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接受媒体采访时，贝克莱还充满激情地表达了他的梦想，希望将这款肥皂推广到全世界，让所有人都能负担得起皮肤癌的治疗。A.fear恐惧；B.doubt怀疑；C.dream梦想；D.surprise惊讶。根据下文“turning the soap into a world where skin cancer treatment is within”，可知下文说的是让皮肤癌患者都能用上肥皂，可推理出此处应是指他的梦想，故选C项。 A．distance B．reach C．limit D．space √ 解析：选 B。考查名词词义辨析。句意同第8题。A.distance距离；B.reach范围；C.limit限制；D.space空间。根据“for all”可知此处说的是让皮肤癌患者都能用上肥皂，也就是得了皮肤癌的人对这种医疗手段人人都能触手可及，within reach“触手可及”。故选B项。 10．A．guidance B．welcome C．praise D．invitation √ 解析：选A。 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他非常感激从产品工程专家那里得到了宝贵的指导。A.guidance指导；B.welcome欢迎；C.praise赞扬；D.invitation邀请。根据下文“from a product engineering specialist”可知，下文说的是工程专家，可推理出此处说的是指专家提供的“指导”，故选A项。 11．A．require B．remind C．press D．aid √ 解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位专家把他与其他科学家联系起来，帮助他实现雄心勃勃的计划。A.require要求；B.remind提醒；C.press按压；D.aid帮助。根据下文“him to reach his ambitious plans”可知，下文说的是实现雄心勃勃的计划，可推理出此处应是指帮助他实现雄心勃勃的计划，故选D项。 12．A．fashionable B．affordable C．adaptable D．capable √ 解析：选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然类似的治疗方法可用于皮肤癌治疗，但他的解决方案是一种更负担得起的选择。A.fashionable时尚的；B.affordable负担得起的；C.adaptable适应性强的；D.capable有能力的。根据下文“to providing fair skin cancer treatment to as many people as possible”可知下文说的是给尽可能多的人提供皮肤病治疗，可推理出此处说的是他的解决方案是一种更负担得起的选择，故选B项。 13．A．picture B．clear C．control D．perfect √ 解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：在未来，Bekele希望通过试错来完善他的发明，并建立一个致力于向尽可能多的人提供公平皮肤癌治疗的非营利组织，这将在对抗皮肤癌的战斗中带来希望。A.picture描绘；B.clear澄清；C.control控制；D.perfect完善。根据下文“by trial and error”可知下文提到了试错的方法，可推理出此处应是指完善他的发明，故选D项。 14．A．used B．addicted C．devoted D．opposed √ 解析：选 C。考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.used使用；B.addicted上瘾；C.devoted致力于；D.opposed反对；根据下文“to providing fair skin cancer treatment to as many people as possible”可推理出此处应是指致力于向尽可能多的人提供公平的皮肤癌治疗，故选C项。 15．A．recognition B．hope C．comfort D．impact √ 解析：选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.recognition认可；B.hope希望；C.comfort安慰；D.impact影响。根据下文“in the battle against skin cancer”可知下文说的是对抗皮肤癌的战斗，可推理出此处应是指在对抗皮肤癌的战斗中带来希望，故选B项。 $