Unit 5 A delicate world-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修2同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版）

During my recent trip to Shennongjia, I witnessed how human activities dramatically altered this heritage site．Once­thriving forests now struggle as invasive species multiply, destroying natural habitats and caused chaos, pushing native birds to the edge of extinction．Their departure left ecosystems collapsing．In comparison, the local villagers' harmony with nature inspired me．Let's learn from their example．On behalf of our fragile planet, I urge everyone to act：reduce waste, respect habitats, and support conservation．Remember, every small effort prevents another incident of loss．Together, we can restore balance before more species die out． Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas Step One　Lead­in In what ways can humans affect ecosystems？Give some examples． Humans can affect ecosystems in positive and negative ways．For example, to have a positive influence on ecosystems, people can plant trees, protect animals and recycle things, etc．However, deforestation, air and water pollution and excessive waste affect ecosystems in a negative way． Step Two　Read for the main idea Ⅰ．What does the text mainly tell us? A．The history of Macquarie Island． B．The chaos of Macquarie Island． C．How to protect Macquarie Island． D．How Macquarie Island was saved from destruction． 答案：D Ⅱ．Read the passage and choose the main idea of each part． Part 1 (Para．1) A．Measures to deal with the problem． Part 2 (Paras．2－5) B．The brief introduction of Macquarie Island． Part 3 (Para．6) C．The tragic story of the island． 答案：Part 1—B　Part 2—C　Part 3—A Ⅲ．Where is the text probably from? A．A medical research paper． B．A scientific journal． C．A health magazine． D．A company profile brochure． 答案：B Step Three　Read for details Ⅰ．Read Part 1 carefully and do the following exercises． 1．Complete the table． The brief introduction of Macquarie Island (1)Location In the South­west Pacific Ocean, halfway between Australia and Antarctica (2)Shape Long and thin, caused by strong winds and stormy seas (3)Landscape green grass and bare rock contrast dramatically Title (头衔) A UNESCO World Heritage Site (4)Inhabitants Penguins, elephant seals existed in harmony with their natural habitat 2．Why was Macquarie Island designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site? A．Due to its modern infrastructure and tourist facilities． B．Because of its historical buildings and human settlements． C．For its wild natural beauty, unique geology, and thriving native wildlife． D．As a result of its proximity to Australia and Antarctica． 答案：C Ⅱ．Read Part 2 carefully and do the following exercises． 1．Complete the table． Time Event In 1810 Humans arrived on Macquarie Island with (1)rats and mice． In 1891 (2)Parakeets died out because of cats' hunting． In the 1970s Macquarie Island became an official (3)nature reserve． (4)In the 1980s Traps and dogs were used to catch the cats． (5)In 2000 The last Macquarie Island cat was caught． In 2006 The rabbits' (6)digging made some land collapse and masses of penguins were killed． 2．Why were the dogs introduced to the island? A．To decrease the number of cats． B．To kill the mice． C．To catch the rabbits． D．To diversify the species． 答案：A 3．Which of the following is not Macquarie Island's problem? A．Mice． B．Rabbits． C．Rats． D．Birds． 答案：D Ⅲ．Read Part 3 carefully and do the following exercise． What does the author come to the island for? A．Removing invading species． B．Dropping poison from helicopters． C．Making the island an official nature reserve． D．Training more dogs to find invading species． 答案：A Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the following question with your partners and present your answer to the class． How do you think we can avoid similar ecological disasters in the future? Your presentation： To avoid future problems, we need stricter regulations, better planning, and more sustainable practices．We should learn from past mistakes and respect nature． ◎ MACQUARIE ISLAND：from Chaos① to Conservation② I am standing on Macquarie Island, in the South­west Pacific Ocean, halfway③ between Australia and Antarctica．Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt④ its long, thin shape．The green grass and bare⑤ rock of its landscape contrast⑥ dramatically⑦， [1]giving it a wild and natural beauty．[2]No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage⑧ Site．[3]Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants⑨， including royal penguins⑩， king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with⑪ their natural habitat⑫ for thousands of years． [1]动词­ing短语作结果状语。 [2]句中it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句作真正的宾语。 [3]本句为nor置于句首引起的部分倒装句，其中how引导宾语从句。 But the island's more recent history tells a different story．[4]It's a tragic⑬ story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island． In their ships they unknowingly⑭ brought rats⑮ and mice．These small animals quickly took over⑯ the island, [5]eating the birds' eggs and attacking baby birds．Cats were brought to the island [6]to control the rats and mice．Unfortunately, the cats subsequently⑰ developed an appetite⑱ for the birds, too． [4]句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词story；when引导定语从句，修饰1810。 [5]动词­ing短语作状语。 [6]动词不定式短语作目的状语。 Meanwhile, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans．Loose⑲ on the island, they did [7]what rabbits do best—they multiplied⑳ rapidly and began eating the native vegetation㉑ and digging holes, which caused soil erosion㉒．The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful㉓ food for the cats, meaning that the number of㉔ cats also increased．This in turn㉕ led to㉖ [8]more cats hunting the birds．The end result was that parakeets㉗, once large in number and native to the island, died out㉘ in 1891． [7]what引导宾语从句；破折号后面的内容是对what rabbits do best的解释说明。 [8] more cats hunting the birds为动名词的复合结构。 Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve㉙ in the 1970s, the rabbits remained out of control㉚．[9]Experts felt it necessary to come up with㉛ a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island． With this goal in mind, a virus㉜ was released㉝ onto the island．But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease㉞ from 130，000 to around 10，000, it also meant less food for the cats．The cats in consequence㉟ turned their attention—and their stomachs—back to the native birds, [10]killing up to 60，000 each year．In the 1980s, traps㊱ and dogs were used to catch the cats．The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000． [9]句中it作形式宾语，动词不定式短语to come up with a plan作真正的宾语；动词不定式短语to remove all the rabbits from the island作目的状语。 [10]动词­ing短语作结果状语。 But as the saying goes，“While the cat's away, the mice will play．”With the departure㊲ of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started to increase．And remember those 10，000 or so rabbits? [11]It turned out㊳ that they developed an immunity㊴ to the virus, and their numbers exploded㊵ once again． Then, in 2006, the rabbits' digging caused some land to collapse㊶, and killed a substantial㊷ number of penguins．[12]This incident㊸ made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all㊹． [11]句中It作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。 [12]句中it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句作真正的宾语。 So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem．The first step involved poison being dropped from helicopters．[13]The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species, and that's where I come in—with my dogs． They have been trained to find every last one, without harming the native animals．This intervention㊺ is a long, much­delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe㊻ it to the island to give it a happy ending． [13]句中动词不定式短语to remove．．．作表语；where引导表语从句。 Postscript㊼：In 2014, Macquarie Island was declared pest㊽­free and the island's ecology㊾ is finally on the road to recovery． ◎ ①chaos n．大混乱；紊乱 ②conservation n．保护 ③halfway adj．中间的，半途的 ④sculpt v．雕刻，雕塑 ⑤bare adj．光秃秃的；荒芜的 ⑥contrast v．对比，对照 ⑦dramatically adv．显著地 ⑧heritage n．遗产；传统 World Heritage Site世界遗产地 ⑨inhabitant n．栖居的动物 ⑩penguin n．企鹅 ⑪in harmony with与……和谐相处，与……协调一致 ⑫habitat n．栖息地 ⑬tragic adj．悲惨的；不幸的 ⑭unknowingly adv．不知不觉地，不经意中 ⑮rat n．大老鼠 ⑯take over 占领；接管；接任 ⑰subsequently adv．后来，随后 ⑱appetite n．胃口，食欲 ⑲loose adj．不受约束的；无束缚的 ⑳multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增 ㉑vegetation n．植物，草木(总称) ㉒erosion n．侵蚀 soil erosion土壤侵蚀，水土流失 ㉓plentiful adj．大量的；充足的；丰富的 ㉔the number of ……的数量 ㉕in turn 反过来；结果；轮流；依次 ㉖lead to 导致，造成(后果) ㉗parakeet n．长尾(小)鹦鹉 ㉘die out 灭绝，逐渐消失 ㉙nature reserve自然保护区 ㉚out of control 不受控制；失去控制 ㉛come up with 想出，提出(计划、想法等) ㉜virus n．病毒 ㉝release v．释放；排放 ㉞decrease v．(使)变小，(使)减少 ㉟in consequence 结果，因此 ㊱trap n．夹子，陷阱 ㊲departure n．离开 ㊳turn out原来是；结果是 ㊴immunity n．免疫力 ㊵explode v．突然增加 ㊶collapse v．倒坍；塌下 ㊷substantial adj．大量的，多的 ㊸incident n．事件 ㊹once and for all 彻底地；一劳永逸地 ㊺intervention n．干预，介入 ㊻owe v．应该做；对……负有……的义务 ㊼postscript n．附言 ㊽pest n．有害小动物；害虫 ㊾ecology n．生态 ◎ 麦夸里岛：从混乱不堪到精心保护 我正站在麦夸里岛上，这里位于太平洋的西南部，澳大利亚和南极洲的中间。强风和惊涛骇浪将海岛塑成现在狭长的形状。绿草和光秃的岩石形成的景观反差巨大，使海岛呈现出一种狂野和天然的美。这座岛是联合国教科文组织确立的世界遗产，游客们都认为其名副其实。他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。 但是，这座岛近些年的遭遇则是截然不同的故事。悲剧从人类1810年来到这座岛屿开始。他们不经意间随船带来了大鼠和小鼠。这些小动物很快就占领了岛屿，它们吃鸟蛋并攻击幼鸟。为控制鼠患，人们带来了猫，但不幸的是，猫随后也开始以鸟为食。 与此同时，人们把兔子引进岛上作为食物。由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事——飞快地繁殖，它们开始吃当地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蚀。爆炸式增长的兔子数量给猫提供了充足的食物，这意味着猫的数量也增加了，相应地就有更多猫捕食鸟类。最终结果是，曾经数量众多的当地物种长尾小鹦鹉在1891年灭绝。 即使在20世纪70年代麦夸里岛成为官方自然保护区后，兔子仍然不受控制。专家认为，必须想办法清除岛上所有的兔子。怀着这个目标，人们投放了一种病毒到岛上。然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从130 000降到约10 000只，但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。因此，猫把注意力和胃口重新转向了当地鸟类，每年捕食多达60 000只。20世纪80年代，人们利用捕猎夹和狗来抓猫。2000年，麦夸里岛上的最后一只猫被捕获。 但正如俗语所说：“山中无老虎，猴子称大王。”猫从岛上消失了，小鼠和大鼠的数量便开始增加。还记得那10，000只左右的兔子吗？它们结果对病毒产生了免疫，数量又一次激增。随后，在2006年，兔子挖的洞造成一些土地坍塌，导致大量企鹅死亡。这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛滥的问题需要一次彻底地解决。 所以，正是为了解决这个问题，我来到麦夸里岛上参与一项行动。行动的第一步是用直升机向岛上投放毒药。下一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，这就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。这些狗受训去寻找剩下的每一只老鼠和兔子，同时又不伤害当地动物。这次干预行动是这场悲剧漫长而屡被贻误的大结局，但这是我们人类应该做的，我们亏欠这座岛屿一个美好的结局。 附言：2014年，麦夸里岛正式宣布已无有害生物，岛上的生态环境终于走上了恢复之路。 appetite n．胃口，食欲；欲望 【教材原句】　Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds, too． 但不幸的是，猫随后也开始以鸟为食。 【要点归纳】 have an appetite for．．． 喜欢…… develop an appetite for 对……产生食欲；培养对……的爱好 have a good/poor/no appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/没有胃口 【佳句必背】　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my appetite quite like Italy．作为一个美食家，通往我内心的路是通过我的胃，没有什么地方能像意大利那样激发我的食欲。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Learning that you have an appetite for Chinese history, I want to share the books with you． ②He had a good appetite and ate up a huge amount of food in a short time． ③The specialist has an appetite for traveling (travel) in his spare time to relieve heavy pressure． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(应用文之建议信)我认为你应该培养对中国文化的兴趣，这会对你的中文学习有帮助。 I think you should develop an appetite for Chinese culture, which will be helpful to your Chinese study． multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增；乘；(使)繁殖(联想：multiple adj．多种多样的) 【教材原句】　Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best—they multiplied rapidly．．．由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事——飞快地繁殖…… 【要点归纳】 multiply A and B (together) A和B相乘 ．．．multiplied by．．．is．．． ……乘以……等于…… 【佳句必背】　The amount of information available has multiplied with the development of modern technology．(应用文之观点态度) 随着现代科技的发展可获得的信息量大大增加了。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Our school offers multiple (multiply) courses, such as art, music and science, catering to students' diverse interests． ②5 multiplied (multiply) by 6 is 30． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③吸烟会增加心脏病发作和产生其他健康问题的风险。 Smoking multiplies the risk of heart attacks and other health problems． decrease v．(使)变小，(使)减少 n．减少；减少量 【教材原句】　But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to around 10, 000, it also meant less food for the cats． 然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从130 000降到约10 000只，但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。 【要点归纳】 (1)decrease from．．．to．．． 从……减少到…… decrease to．．． 减少到…… decrease by．．． 减少了…… (2)on the decrease 在减少中 on the increase 在增加中 【佳句必背】　It's a pity that global warming has caused a decrease of wildlife in recent years．(应用文之倡议书)令人遗憾的是，近年来，全球变暖导致了野生动物数量的减少。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The number of people owning private cars is on the increase in China．By the end of last year, the number had increased to 80 million, while the number of people buying Japanese cars had decreased by 20%． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ②近两年新生人数由2 000减少到1 600人。 The number of newborns has decreased from 2, 000 to 1, 600 over the past two years． ③近年来，由于电子书的普及，传统纸质书的销量似乎在下滑。 In recent years, due to the popularity of e­books, the sales of traditional paper books seem to be on the decrease． trap n．夹子，陷阱 v．(trapped/trapped/trapping)使陷入困境；卡住；使陷入圈套 【教材原句】　In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats．The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000．20世纪80年代，人们利用捕猎夹和狗来抓猫。2000年，麦夸里岛上的最后一只猫被捕获。 【要点归纳】 (1)fall into a trap 落入圈套 set/lay a trap for．．． 为……设圈套/陷阱 (2)trap sb．into (doing) sth． 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套 be/get trapped in．．． 被困在……中 温馨提示：表示“被困于……中”的短语还有：be/get caught in，be/get stuck in，be/get locked in，be/get blocked in等。 【佳句必背】　(2024·浙江1月卷)If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys． 如果我以后再被困在房子外面，很遗憾，我家附近的电话亭将无法帮我联系到我的钥匙了。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The shopkeeper trapped me into buying a lot of products that I don't need． ②If the big rat keeps running forward, it is likely to fall into a trap． 【写成佳句】　一句多译 ③如果被困在电梯里，请立即按紧急按钮。 →If trapped in the elevator, please press the emergency button immediately．(状语从句的省略) →Trapped in the elevator, please press the emergency button immediately．(过去分词短语作状语) ④幸运的是，被困在燃烧着的楼房里的孩子们最后得救了。 →Luckily, the children trapped in the burning building were saved at last．(分词短语作定语) →Fortunately, the children who were trapped in the burning building were saved at last．(定语从句) owe v．应该做；对……负有……的义务；欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于 【教材原句】　．．．but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending．但这是我们人类应该做的，我们亏欠这座岛屿一个美好的结局。 【要点归纳】 (1)owe sb．sth．＝owe sth．to sb． 欠某人某物 owe．．．to．．． 把……归功于…… owe an apology to sb．/owe sb．an apology 应向某人道歉 owe it to sb．that．．． 多亏某人…… (2)owing to 因为；由于 【佳句必背】　I owe you an apology for not going to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon．(应用文之道歉信)周五下午我未能和你一起去书店，我得向你道歉。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed． ②Many endangered wild animals are facing the danger of dying out owing (owe) to human activities． ③I owe my love for literature to the school library．It's filled with wonderful books that opened up new worlds to me． 【写成佳句】　 完成句子 ④多亏了我的英语老师，我克服了对公众演讲的恐惧。 I owe it to my English teacher that I overcame my fear of public speaking． turn out 结果是；证明是；生产；在场；出席；关掉 【教材原句】　It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again．它们结果对病毒产生了免疫，数量又一次激增。 【要点归纳】 turn out sth． 生产/制造某物 turn out for．．． 出席参加…… turn out (＋to be) ＋ adj．/n． 结果/原来…… It turns out that．．． 结果/原来…… 【佳句必背】　Since childhood, I have been learning Chinese calligraphy．Out of interest at first, it turned out to be a rewarding experience．(应用文之倡议书) 从小我就开始学习中国书法。起初只是出于兴趣，没想到后来竟成了一段令人受益匪浅的经历。 【练透考点】　语境辨义 ①Keep in mind that you must turn out the light in your room when you leave．关掉 ②The boss declared that all the staff must turn out for the meeting．出席 ③The factory turned out twice as many TV sets this year as last year．生产 ④I thought the new movie would be boring, but it turned out to be really exciting．证明是；结果是 【写成佳句】　 完成句子 ⑤(读后续写之主旨升华)事实证明，帮助别人实现他们的梦想让我更快乐。 It turns out that helping others realize their dreams gives me more pleasure． 形容词(短语)作状语 【教材原句】　Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best—they multiplied rapidly．．． 由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事——飞快地繁殖…… 【要点归纳】 结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，一般要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开。 位置：通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末。 作用：一般用于说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态，可表示原因、结果、伴随等情况。 【佳句必背】　Curious to know what was inside, he opened the box and found in it his long­desired birthday gift．(读后续写之动作描写)出于好奇想知道里面是什么，他打开了盒子，发现里面正是他一直渴望的生日礼物。,【写成佳句】　完成句子 ①又尴尬又有点生气，我逃回自己的房间，但妈妈阻止了我。 Embarrassed and a little annoyed/angry, I fled to my room, but Mom stopped me． ②汤姆因担心考试结果，无法专注于其他任何事。 Anxious about the exam results, Tom couldn't focus on anything else． ③又累又饿，我想知道我们能不能找到回去的路。 Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back． ④他熬夜努力学习功课，下定决心要赶上同学们。 Determined to catch up with his classmates, he stayed up to work hard at his lessons． 否定词置于句首的部分倒装 【教材原句】　Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants．．．他们也不难想象出它们的自然栖息地是如何…… 【要点归纳】 (1)该句是否定词nor置于句首的部分倒装句：把谓语动词的一部分(助动词、情态动词或be动词)提到主语前。 (2)这样的否定词或短语还有： 全部否定：neither, no, nor, none, never, not, nowhere, neither．．．nor．．．, not．．．at all等 部分否定：seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely等 表达“绝不”意思的短语：by no means, at no time, on no account, under no circumstance, in no way等 【佳句必背】　Not only did the students develop close relationship with others, but they got a chance to do exercise, which could help improve study．(应用文之活动报道)学生们不仅与他人建立了亲密的关系，还获得了锻炼的机会，而这有助于提高他们的学习效果。 【写成佳句】　 完成句子/翻译句子 ①我从未意识到团队合作在取得成功中会发挥着如此关键的作用。 Never have I realized that teamwork plays such a crucial role in achieving success． ②我们很少意识到我们的日常行为对周围环境的影响有多大。 Seldom do we realize how much our daily actions can impact the environment around us． ③她既没有参加会议，也没有打电话解释她的缺席。 Neither did she attend the meeting, nor did she call to explain her absence． ④我们决不能把宝贵的时间浪费在毫无意义的事情上。 By no means can we afford to waste precious time on meaningless things． explode A．v．突然增加　B．v．爆炸，爆破　C．v．突然爆发，迸发(感情)　D．v．突然发出巨响　E．v．猛地溅出 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)．．．to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue． E ②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) French strawberries do not taste like cardboard．Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs． B ③When the new product was launched, sales exploded within a week． A ④The firecrackers exploded with a loud bang, filling the night sky with colorful lights． D ⑤The fans exploded with excitement when their favorite band finally took the stage, screaming and jumping with joy． C [课后分层练13] (时间：45分钟　满分：76分) Ⅰ．单词拼写(每小题1分，共8分) 1．Many species are facing extinction primarily due to the destruction of their natural habitats (栖息地)． 2．The city was in chaos (大混乱) after the storm, with roads blocked and power failure everywhere． 3．I have the capacity to analyse and handle unexpected incidents (事件)with ease, so please take my application into consideration． 4．Due to the heavy snowfall, the departure (离开) of all flights from the airport was delayed by several hours． 5．Fortunately, people in panic managed to escape from the burning building before it collapsed (倒塌)． 6．It's a great pity that the computer virus (病毒) caused significant damage to the company's data． 7．People are gradually realizing the importance of preserving national heritage (遗产)． 8．Pollution has had a disastrous effect on the ecology (生态) of that region． Ⅱ．单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．Participation in sports throughout the region has improved dramatically (dramatic) over the past decade． 2．There was a loud explosion (explode) in the street．Out rushed people from the stores to see what had happened． 3．Early intervention (intervene) is crucial in treating mental health issues, as it can prevent the problems from worsening． 4．Even though he subsequently (subsequent) became a successful businessman, he still lived a simple life． 5．The ecologist warned that what they did may be a threat to global ecology and break the ecological balance．(ecology) 6．With time going by, more and more people find ocean conservation (conserve) beneficial and necessary to human beings． 7．With tears welling up in her eyes, Sarah's mother gave her a tight hug at the airport departure (depart) gate． 8．The community promotes a lifestyle in harmony with nature, encouraging residents to reduce waste and recycle． Ⅲ．完成句子(每小题2．5分，共10分) 1．没有你的慷慨帮助和指导，我绝对不能提高我的英语水平。 By no means can I improve my English without your generous help and guidance．(部分倒装句) 2．徒步旅行者们虽然疲惫，但心满意足，围坐在篝火旁，分享着一整天冒险的经历。 Tired but content/satisfied, the hikers sat by the campfire, sharing stories of their day­long adventure．(形容词作状语) 3．我们的英语老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。 With a book in his/her hand, our English teacher entered the classroom．(with的复合结构) 4．校长明确表示，所有学生在学校时间必须穿着校服。 The headteacher made it clear that all students must wear their uniforms during school hours．(make it ＋adj．＋that．．．) Ⅳ．课文语法填空(每小题1．5分，共15分) Macquarie Island is situated in the South­west Pacific Ocean, halfway between Australia and Antarctica．Its native inhabitants existed 1in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years． However, a tragic story 2happened (happen) when humans arrived on the island in 1810, bringing rats and mice 3which/that threatened the native birds．To control them, cats were brought to the island but they also fed on the birds．To make things worse, rabbits 4were introduced (introduce) as a food source for humans multiplied fast and fell prey to the cats, 5leading (lead) to soil erosion and a larger cat population, which in turn sped up parakeets' 6extinction (extinct)．In the 1980s, traps and dogs 7were used (use) to catch the cats, and the last one was finally removed in 2000．However, this made the populations of rabbits, rats and mice explode again．The rabbits' digging caused some land 8to collapse (collapse), killing a great many penguins．This incident made 9it clear that the rabbits, rats and mice had to be removed once and for all． With helicopters used to drop poison and dogs trained to find every last remaining invading species without harming the native animals, Macquarie Island 10ultimately (ultimate) received a much­delayed happy ending—free from pests and its ecology recovering． Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2．5分，共20分) A (2025·河北承德高二上期末)For many, denim (牛仔布) is a type of cloth; but for London­based artist Ian Berry, it's a creative medium．For the last two decades, Berry has used the navy blue cloth to create various portraits (肖像), and even photorealistic descriptions of California．And his latest creation continues to reveal the unexpected and innovative ways denim can be used．Titled Secret Garden and recently on display at the Garden Museum in London, this work reimagines a peaceful setting with a fish pond, flowers, and plants—all made from recycled denim jeans． The Secret Garden show was first exhibited at the Children's Museum of the Arts in New York in 2017 and has since been displayed in various site­specific locations and galleries worldwide．Originally designing it for a young audience, Berry aimed to inspire children to reflect on our interaction with nature． “The idea came from thinking many kids don't have their own gardens and thinking of community gardens located between buildings and trying to inspire them to seek them out，” Berry says．“It also gave the opportunity to talk about sustainability as well as helping young minds think about where things come from．” The artist even showed the kids a cotton plant to explain where jeans come from．“It was amazing to see so many confused at the idea，” he recalls．“It enabled educators to talk about how in the show plants were turned into pants, then back to plants again．” While the most recent Secret Garden show isn't specifically designed for children, it still arouses a childlike sense of wonder．Visitors can walk through the denim garden path and find plants hanging above them．Various plants and flowers are depicted in shades of indigo (靛蓝色)．There's even a peaceful pond at the heart of the garden, featuring denim koi fish, and a central water feature．Every area of the garden showcases such an impressive level of details that it's easy to forget that the entire show is handmade from denim． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伦敦艺术家Ian Berry使用牛仔布创作的《秘密花园》艺术展览，该展览旨在激发儿童对自然的兴趣并传递可持续发展的理念。 1．What did Ian Berry use denim for? A．A kind of cloth for clothing． B．Covers for various portraits． C．Bags for flowers and plants． D．Materials for his works of art． 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For the last two decades, Berry has used the navy blue cloth to create various portraits (肖像), and even photorealistic descriptions of California．And his latest creation continues to reveal the unexpected and innovative ways denim can be used．”可知，Ian Berry用牛仔布作为他艺术创作的材料。故选D。 2．What's the aim of the Secret Garden show? A．To raise children's awareness of nature． B．To get children in New York interested in art． C．To tell the great use of denim in daily life． D．To explain how to recycle denim jeans． 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Originally designing it for a young audience, Berry aimed to inspire children to reflect on our interaction with nature．”可知，《秘密花园》展览的目的是提高儿童对自然的意识。故选A。 3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Children's lack of nature knowledge． B．People's confusion about Berry's art． C．Motivation of Berry's artistic creation． D．Process of plant of different periods． 解析：选C。主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“‘The idea came from thinking many kids don't have their own gardens and thinking of community gardens located between buildings and trying to inspire them to seek them out，’ Berry says．‘It also gave the opportunity to talk about sustainability as well as helping young minds think about where things come from．’ ”可知，第三段主要讲了Berry艺术创作的动机。故选C。 4．What is the characteristic of the show described in the last paragraph? A．Costly． B．Complicated． C．Abstract． D．Lifelike． 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Every area of the garden showcases such an impressive level of details that it's easy to forget that the entire show is handmade from denim．”可推断出展览的特点是生动逼真。故选D。 B (2025·浙江杭州高二上期末)When photojournalist Jasper Doest arrived in the Transylvanian Alps to document the coexistence of humans and wildlife, he found a story on the side of the road—a group of bears begging for food．This close encounter led to incredible photographs．But it also emphasises the hurdles that conservationists (自然环境保护主义者) in Romania and elsewhere face in their efforts to restore and protect wild places． Tourists attracted by the region's brown bears often give in to the temptation to feed them．This can have disastrous effects．Usually shy around people, it takes just a few meals to get bears hooked on human food—and, after that, they don't stay wild long．Instead, they can become dependent on humans for food, fueling more bear­human run­ins and putting bears in danger when they get too close．This region has seen a rise in bear­human conflicts． In 2023, there were 95 bear incidents, and a hiker was fatally mauled．This prompted officials to raise the annual bear kill quota．Doest also documented an attacked mother bear whose leg had been lost, forced to beg for food along the road．Bears fed by humans become “problem bears”， fueling local opposition to rewilding (再野生化) projects, as more forests mean more bears． While driving on a mountain pass, Doest and his assistant realized the bears were waiting for human handouts．They had completely changed their behavior．Doest saw other examples of how tourists' handouts had changed the ecosystem．As he watched people feeding bears snacks like doughnuts, he realized the story of conversation in the region was as much about people as wildlife． “It isn't just about rewilding—it's about the opportunities and struggles rewilding brings us，” he says．“It's about how to accept nature in our lives, and how we could benefit if we do it the right way．” So don't feed the bears．You could save an animal's life, and a community's commitment to wildlife conservation． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了摄影记者Jasper Doest在罗马尼亚特兰西瓦尼亚阿尔卑斯山的所见所闻，强调了人类活动对野生动物的影响以及保护野生环境的挑战。 5．What does the underlined word “hurdles” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Challenges． B．Responsibilities． C．Measures． D．Dangers． 解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“But it also emphasises the hurdles that conservationists (自然环境保护主义者) in Romania and elsewhere face in their efforts to restore and protect wild places．”可知，hurdles 是自然环境保护主义者在恢复和保护野生环境过程中需要面对的东西。结合后文提到游客给熊喂食带来的一系列问题，如熊依赖人类食物、熊与人冲突增加等，可以推断出 hurdles 在这里是 “挑战、困难” 的意思，与 Challenges 意思相近。故选A。 6．What is the main reason for the increase in bear­human conflicts in the region? A．The growing number of tourists． B．The expansion of human settlements． C．The bears' dependence on human food． D．The decrease in natural food sources for bears． 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，游客给熊喂食导致熊依赖人类食物，原本怕人的熊在吃了几次人类食物后就会依赖上，不再保持野性，进而导致更多熊与人的冲突。由此可知，主要原因是熊对人类食物的依赖。故选 C。 7．Why do some locals oppose rewilding projects? A．They believe that rewilding will attract more tourists． B．They fear that rewilding will harm the local economy． C．They think that rewilding is not effective in protecting wildlife． D．They worry that rewilding will cause more bear­human conflicts． 解析：选D。 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，被人类喂食的熊变成 “问题熊”，更多森林意味着更多熊，当地人担心这会导致更多熊与人的冲突，所以反对再野生化项目。故选D。 8．What is the author's attitude towards feeding bears? A．Positive． B．Negative． C．Neutral． D．Indifferent． 解析：选B。推理判断题。文章最后作者明确说 “不要给熊喂食”，并且提到这样做可以拯救动物生命和有助于社区的野生动物保护，这表明作者对给熊喂食的行为是不赞同的，持否定态度。故选B。 Ⅱ．完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·河北衡水高二上期末)This year, hundreds of people around the world are applying for a desired job to run Port Lockroy, the world's most remote post office．The 1 is in Antarctica, and one of the key 2 is the ability to count penguins． Each year, the UK Antarctic Trust 3 four postmen to live on the island from November to March．Apart from being a nearly 80­year­old British­owned post office, it 4 as a museum．Although employees each have unique 5 ， they are cooperatively responsible for preserving the 6 place and caring for the thousands of tourists．The staff is also 7 environmental data collection and wildlife monitoring． Applicants are warned there's not much time for relaxation and rest．Still, the job is highly 8 ．The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds of applications 9 for the position．They are mainly 10 to Port Lockroy, both for its history and its scientific significance．Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying for the 2019－2020 season．It was a real 11 for her．“Even though the job can be hard at times, there's a real sense of community．You've got to 12 ， because you can't get away from each other very easily．I really love that sort of 13 ” she said．“And what you can achieve here is 14 ．The total experience offers both a different 15 towards the world and a new viewpoint on your function on the planet．” [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了位于南极洲的洛克雷港邮局的招聘吸引了很多人，在那里员工不仅要收集环境数据和监测野生动物，还要负责数企鹅。 1． A．centre B．position C．aim D．unit 解析：选B。根据上文，今年世界各地有数百人正在申请一份理想的工作，该职位在南极洲。故选B。 2． A．requirements B．characteristics C．virtues D．activities 解析：选A。该职位在南极洲，其中一个关键要求(requirements)是能够数企鹅。故选A。 3． A．persuades B．instructs C．encourages D．hires 解析：选D。每年，英国南极遗产信托基金都会雇用(hires)四名邮递员从11月到3月住在岛上。故选D。 4． A．exists B．transforms C．doubles D．develops 解析：选C。除了是一家拥有近80年历史的英国邮局外，它还兼作博物馆。double as表示“兼作”。故选C。 5． A．tastes B．talents C．roles D．backgrounds 解析：选C。每个员工都有独特的角色(roles)，各司其职。故选C。 6． A．temporary B．historic C．grand D．magical 解析：选B。他们合作负责保护历史(historic)名胜和照顾成千上万的游客。故选B。 7． A．in favor of B．in need of C．in possession of D．in charge of 解析：选D。工作人员还负责(in charge of)环境数据收集和野生动物监测。in favor of赞成；in need of需要；in possession of拥有。故选D。 8． A．paid B．sought­after C．hard­won D．respectable 解析：选B。尽管如此，它仍然还是很抢手。sought­after表示“抢手的”。故选B。 9． A．annually B．weekly C．monthly D．daily 解析：选A。根据下文中的“the 2019－2020 season”可知，英国南极遗产信托基金每年(annually)都会收到大量申请该职位的信。故选A。 10．A．invited B．devoted C．related D．drawn 解析：选D。他们主要被洛克罗伊港的历史和科学意义所吸引(drawn)。故选D。 11．A．joy B．lesson C．effort D．shock 解析：选A。对她来说获得这个职位是一种真正的快乐(joy)。故选A。 12．A．get along B．show off C．break through D．give in 解析：选A。你得与人和睦相处(get along)，因为你们不能轻易地离开对方。故选A。 13．A．loneliness B．eagerness C．looseness D．togetherness 解析：选D。此处表示Lucy Dorman喜欢那种和睦相处(togetherness)的氛围。故选D。 14．A．consistent B．rewarding C．potential D．pure 解析：选B。你在这里能取得的成就是有益的(rewarding)。故选B。 15．A．entrance B．answer C．attitude D．introduction 解析：选C。整体体验既提供了对世界的不同看法(attitude)，也提供了对你在地球上的功能的新观点。故选C。 Section Ⅱ　Using language—It as an empty object 观察下列教材原句，注意黑体部分的用法 ①No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site． ②This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all． ③Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island． ④This intervention is a long, much­delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending． 【我的感悟】 (1)第①②两句中it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。 (2)第③④句中it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。 一、概念 当动词不定式、动词­ing形式或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为了保持句子的结构平衡，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到句末。 二、用法 1．it作形式宾语代替动词不定式 常用动词不定式作真正宾语的句型：动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋(for sb．) to do sth． ①I find it important for students to develop good study habits at an early age． 我发现学生在早期养成良好的学习习惯很重要。 ②I think it necessary to address the problem immediately． 我认为有必要立即解决这个问题。 ③She found it a challenge for herself to balance work and family life． 她发现平衡工作和家庭生活对她来说是一项挑战。 ————即学即练1———— 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I find it necessary to take (take) measures to protect the environment． ②To keep the students energetic, the school has made it a rule to organize (organize) various sports events regularly． ③为了提高你的写作水平，你最好养成每天写日记的习惯。 To improve your writing, you'd better make it a rule to keep a diary every day． ④我发现适应新的学校生活很难，因此我真诚地寻求您慷慨的帮助。 I find it difficult to adapt to the new school life, so I sincerely ask for your generous assistance． 2．it作形式宾语代替动词­ing形式 常用动词­ing形式作真正宾语的句型：动词＋it＋no good/no use/no value/worthwhile＋doing sth． ①He realized it was no good arguing with his boss about the decision． 他意识到和老板争论这个决定是没有用的。 ②She thinks it no use worrying too much about the exam results． 她认为过于担心考试结果是没有用的。 ③They consider it worthwhile spending more time on this project． 他们认为花更多时间在这个项目上是值得的。 ————即学即练2———— 单句语法填空 ①He believes it no value persuading (persuade) someone who is not willing to listen． ②They think it no value arguing (argue) about the details without understanding the bigger picture． 3．it作形式宾语代替从句 (1)it代替that引导的宾语从句时，后面需要有名词或形容词作宾语补足语。 ①I find it a great honor that I am invited to speak at the conference． 我觉得被邀请在会议上发言是一种极大的荣幸。 ②We made it a rule that we should review our lessons every evening． 我们定下规矩，每天晚上都要复习功课。 (2)it用在hate, like, dislike, can't bear, can't stand, appreciate等之后，代替when/if引导的宾语从句。 ①I really can't stand it when students talk back to teachers in class, as it shows a lack of respect． 我真的受不了学生在课堂上顶撞老师，因为这显示出缺乏尊重。 ②I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration． 如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 ③I hate it when people talk loudly in the library． 我讨厌有人在图书馆大声说话。 (3)在一些“动词＋介词”构成的短语，如depend on，rely on，see to，stick to，take．．．for granted，owe．．．to sb．等常先接it，再接that 引导的从句。 ①We depend on it that the new teaching methods will improve students' performance． 我们寄希望于新的教学方法能够改善学生们的表现。 ②He relies on it that his friends will support him in the upcoming competition． 他相信他的朋友们会在即将到来的比赛中支持他。 ③They owe it to their teachers that they have achieved such great success in their studies． 他们把在学业上取得如此巨大的成功归功于他们的老师。 ————即学即练3———— 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I like it when the weather is sunny and warm, especially after a long, cold winter． ②我把在英语学习方面取得的巨大进步归功于您。 I owe it to you that I have made great progress in English learning． ③如果您能抽出宝贵的时间考虑我的请求，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could spare your precious time to consider my request． ④你可以放心，当你遇到困难时，他会来帮助你的。 You can rely on it that he will come to help you when you are in trouble． 根据汉语提示完成语段 Last month, our school held an environmental protection campaign．We all considered it a great honor 1．to participate in such a significant event (参加这么有意义的活动)．Everyone 2．found it quite rewarding (发现这很有意义) to pick up the litter on campus and it essential 3．to raise environmental awareness (提高环保意识)． 4．It is obvious that (很明显) a clean environment is beneficial to our health．We 5．made it certain that (确定) we would spread the idea of environmental protection widely．Moreover, we thought it meaningful 6．to plant more trees (种植更多的树) and it necessary 7．to save water (节水)． In this campaign, it is evident that 8．every small effort counts (每一个小的努力也至关重要) towards building a greener world． 单句语法填空 1．(2024·浙江1月卷)Second, this exercise can improve your focus and concentration, making it easier to stay (stay) engaged in class． 2．(2022·全国甲卷)Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils． 3．(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)Most students find it easier to have (have) access to a combination of audio and visual materials． 4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard to produce (produce) labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth． 5．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross­country team． [课后分层练14] (时间：45分钟　满分：74．5分) Ⅰ．单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．I hate it when someone comes in without knocking at the door． 2．He felt it his mission to fight (fight) for human rights and progress． 3．She made it her duty to look (look) after all the other people's affairs in that town． 4．We owe it to you that we all passed the exam successfully． 5．He thinks it important for us to try to do some housework after school． 6．You may rely on it that he'll come to meet you． 7．We think it no use complaining (complain) about the failure of our experiment． 8．The school makes it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins． Ⅱ．链接写作——完成句子(每题2分，共10分) 1．随着世界变成了地球村，我觉得学好英语很有必要。 With the world becoming a global village, I find it necessary to have a good command of English． 2．我们发现积极参与小组讨论是至关重要的，这可以增强我们的自信心。 We find it essential to actively participate in group discussions, which can boost our confidence． 3．如果周末的天气温和且晴朗我会喜欢，这样我就可以去公园散步，呼吸新鲜空气了。 I like it if the weather is mild and sunny during the weekend, so I can go for a walk in the park and enjoy the fresh air． 4．我认为采取行动阻止濒危动物的灭绝是我们的职责。 I consider it our responsibility to take action to prevent the extinction of endangered animals． 5．我们觉得奇怪的是，他更喜欢整天待在室内，即使在这样一个阳光明媚的日子里。 We find it very strange that he prefers to stay indoors all day, even on such a beautiful sunny day． Ⅲ．链接写作——完成语段(每题1．5分，共9分) I think it important 1to protect the environment (保护环境)．But some people 2take it for granted that (想当然地认为) the resources are endless, which has caused great harm to nature．3I find it alarming that (我发现这令人担忧) many people still fail to recognize the urgency of the situation．4It is also crucial (也是至关重要的) to educate the public about the importance of sustainability．Other people 5feel it urgent (感觉这是紧迫的) to protect the environment and save resources．Therefore, we should see to it that effective measures should be taken to prevent pollution．At last, I think 6it our duty to protect the earth (保护地球是我们的责任)． Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2．5分，共20分) A (2025·河北石家庄高二上期末)Patagonia is a part of South America, flat and treeless．Its climate is cold and dry．There are more sheep than people across the land．But some exciting finds have made Patagonia a hot and well­known place．The bones of the largest dinosaurs and a huge nest of dinosaur eggs were found there． Patagonia was not always such an empty and boring place．Around 90 million years ago, it was warm．It got plenty of rain．This climate was perfect for many kinds of plants and animals．There were forests of tall trees．It was a great place for plant­eating dinosaurs．Even the hugest plant eaters could find plenty to eat． The three largest dinosaur skeletons in the world are plant eaters from Patagonia．None of the skeletons is complete．But scientists have enough bones from these big animals to picture what they looked like．All of them had long necks and tails, Their size was truly amazing, from 105 to 131 feet long．They all walked on four feet． Patagonia is also the place where the skeleton of the largest meat­eating dinosaur was discovered．This meat eater was about half as long as the biggest plant eaters．However, its big and sharp teeth made it a powerful killer． So far, Patagonia's coolest discovery isn't skeletons but a huge dinosaur hatching (孵化) ground．There were thousands of dinosaur eggs in the ground! Scientists have learned a lot from studying these eggs．They were laid about 80 million years ago．If they had hatched, the dinosaur babies would have been about 1．25 feet long．When full­grown, they would have been 45 feet long． These exciting dinosaur finds inspire people's interest in Patagonia．Now dinosaur scientists from around the world are hard at work there．Each one hopes to make a great find．Another amazing dinosaur discovery may be just around the corner． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Patagonia地区从一个寒冷干燥的地方变成因恐龙化石发现而闻名的热点地区的过程。 1．What made Patagonia a famous place? A．The finds． B．The history． C．The climate． D．The forests． 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But some exciting finds have made Patagonia a hot and well­known place．The bones of the largest dinosaurs and a huge nest of dinosaur eggs were found there．”可知，是这些恐龙化石的发现使Patagonia变得有名。故选A。 2．What was Patagonia like 90 million years ago? A．It seldom rained there． B．It was very cold there． C．Few animals lived there． D．Tall trees grew there． 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Around 90 million years ago, it was warm．It got plenty of rain．This climate was perfect for many kinds of plants and animals．There were forests of tall trees．”可知，9000万年前的Patagonia气候温暖多雨，有很多高大的树木。故选D。 3．What is the coolest discovery in Patagonia? A．Dinosaur babies． B．The hatching ground． C．Dinosaur skeletons． D．The deadly meat eaters． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第五段中的“So far, Patagonia's coolest discovery isn't skeletons but a huge dinosaur hatching (孵化) ground．”可知，最酷的发现是恐龙孵化地。故选B。 4．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Where Dinosaurs Laid Eggs B．How Dinosaurs Were Found C．Where Dinosaurs Once Lived D．How Dinosaurs Disappeared 解析：选C。标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了 Patagonia 地区的恐龙化石发现，以及这些发现如何揭示了恐龙曾经的生活环境和习性。文章提到的恐龙骨骼、孵化场等发现都表明 Patagonia 是恐龙曾经生活过的地方。因此，C项“恐龙曾经生活过的地方”是最合适的标题。故选C。 B (2025·江苏南通、如皋高二上期末)No part of the planet is free of plastic waste, and coral reefs are no exception．A study published in Nature found that not only is every coral reef filled with plastic, but almost three quarters of the larger items are from “ghost gear”—fishing facilities such as ropes, lines and nets．Food wrappers and plastic bottles are also common．The plastic poses an “emerging threat” to reefs, the researchers said． The study, “Plastic Pollution on the World's Coral Reefs”， examined 85 reefs at more than two­dozen locations across the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic．The scientists used special diving equipment to survey in “mesophotic (海洋中较深区域)”， or twilight, zones at 30—150 meters beneath the surface, and discovered the deeper sites had more plastic than shallower ones． There was more plastic pollution in reefs nearer to densely populated (人口稠密的) cities and markets, as well as marine protected areas, whose borders are heavily frequented by fishers． The researchers noted that plastic can spread coral disease, and that fishing lines and nets can damage the structure of reefs and thus harm fish diversity． “Our findings reveal some of the complex collective challenges we face when dealing with plastic pollution，” said Hudson Pinheiro, the study's lead author, from the University of Sao Paulo and a research fellow at the academy．As marine resources around the world dwindle, humans that rely on those resources are turning to deeper habitats and those closer to marine protected areas where fish remain abundant． One potential reason for finding more plastic at greater depths could be increased wave action and turbulence (湍流) at the surface, which could drag rubbish deeper．Other possibilities include recreational divers removing trash from shallower reefs． The researcher stressed that their findings highlight the need to expand the depth of marine protected areas, update international agreements on tackling plastic pollution, and develop low­cost, biodegradable alternatives to current fishing equipment． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了珊瑚礁当前受到塑料污染的现状、塑料污染物的来源、对环境的威胁、污染分布情况，并提出了解决该问题的建议。 5．What is the main source of the larger plastic items found in coral reefs? A．Tourist waste． B．Diving sports． C．Fishing equipment． D．Industrial pollution． 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A study published in Nature found that not only is every coral reef filled with plastic, but almost three quarters of the larger items are from ‘ghost gear’—fishing facilities such as ropes, lines and nets．”可知，在珊瑚礁中发现的较大塑料物品的主要来源是捕鱼设备。故选C。 6．What is the main focus of the study? A．The extent of plastic pollution in coral reefs． B．The impact of plastic pollution on marine life． C．The distribution of plastic waste in different oceans． D．The relationship between plastic pollution and fish diversity． 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“．．．the deeper sites had more plastic than shallower ones”及第三段“There was more plastic pollution in reefs nearer to densely populated (人口稠密的) cities and markets, as well as marine protected areas．．．”可知，该研究的主要关注点是珊瑚礁中塑料污染的程度。故选A。 7．What does the underlined word “dwindle” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Grow rapidly． B．Reach their peak． C．Benefit everyone． D．Decrease gradually． 解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“humans that rely on those resources are turning to deeper habitats and those closer to marine protected areas where fish remain abundant”可知，人类转向其他地方获取资源，由此可以猜测，这是因为原本的海洋资源在减少，所以dwindle意为“逐渐减少”。故选D。 8．What is the best title for the passage? A．A New Type of Ocean Pollution B．Plastic Pollution in Coral Reefs C．Underwater Trash: A Global Crisis D．Marine Life Protection: A Common Practice 解析：选B。标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“No part of the planet is free of plastic waste, and coral reefs are no exception．”以及全文围绕珊瑚礁中的塑料污染展开可知，本文主要讲的是珊瑚礁中的塑料污染。所以B项“珊瑚礁的塑料污染”为最佳标题。故选B。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2．5分，共12．5分) (2025·江西上进联盟高二上期末)It's now been 10 years since I sold everything and left the United States to travel the world．Here are some of my best travel planning tips to help you have a great trip． 1( ) I don't know how to answer when readers ask how many days they should spend traveling in a particular country or city．The truth is that I have no idea what you'll enjoy or who you'll meet．My advice is to pick a starting point, 1 or 2 must­do activities, and an ending point(or not)．2( ) Be open to changing your plans if you learn about something along the way! Learn a few foreign words．There's no need to be fluent in order to visit a foreign country．However, mastering a few phrases in the local language can improve your travel experience．3( ) But remember that this is your problem, not theirs．Raising your voice doesn't magically help Mexicans understand English．Try hand signals, images on your phone, or Google Translate! Write down the address of your hotel．Sometimes, after a long flight playing games on your smartphone, your battery could end up dead．And if you didn't write down where you're staying, how will you tell the taxi driver? 4( ) Read a book about the country． Before you travel to a new country, I recommend reading a good book about it to learn more about its history and culture before you arrive．5( ) Your travel experience will be different if you already know about your destination． A．Pick a starting point． B．Be flexible and don't over plan． C．Then just let the universe determine the rest． D．You are sure to benefit from these simple images． E．This could be as simple as a popular novel by a local author． F．Not being able to communicate while traveling can be frustrating． G．I also recommend noting down your room number after you check in． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者提供给读者的一些最佳旅行计划建议，帮助读者有一次愉快的旅行。 1．解析：选B。根据下文“I don't know how to answer when readers ask how many days they should spend traveling in a particular country or city．”可知，作者在此部分给出的旅行计划建议是不要过度计划在某地待多少天，旅行计划要灵活一些。选项B“要灵活，不要过度计划”符合语境。故选B。 2．解析：选C。根据上文“My advice is to pick a starting point, 1 or 2 must­do activities, and an ending point (or not)．”和下文“Be open to changing your plans if you learn about something along the way！”可知，作者建议旅行者选定起点和终点以及一些必须做的活动后，剩下的就顺其自然，如果在路上了解到一些新情况，要乐于改变计划。选项C“然后让一切顺其自然”符合语境。故选C。 3．解析：选F。根据上文“Learn a few foreign words．”和下文“But remember that this is your problem, not theirs．Raising your voice doesn't magically help Mexicans understand English．”可知，此空应是说在旅行时不能交流会让人感到沮丧，所以作者才建议掌握一些当地语言的短语，以便能更好地和当地人交流。提高嗓门也不能帮助交流，因为这是旅行者自己的问题，当地人没有义务去理解旅行者。选项F“旅行时不能交流会让人感到沮丧”符合语境。故选F。 4．解析：选G。根据上文“Sometimes, after a long flight playing games on your smartphone, your battery could end up dead．And if you didn't write down where you're staying, how will you tell the taxi driver？”可知，作者在此部分应是建议旅行者记下自己住的地方，以防手机没电时无法告诉出租车司机自己要去哪里。选项G“我还建议在入住后记下你的房间号”符合语境。故选G。 5．解析：选E。根据上文“Before you travel to a new country, I recommend reading a good book about it to learn more about its history and culture before you arrive．”和下文“Your travel experience will be different if you already know about your destination．”可知，此空应是举例说明可以读一本关于目的地的书，选项E“这可以简单到当地作家的一本流行小说”符合语境。故选E。 Ⅲ．语法填空(每小题1．5分，共15分) (2025·浙江六校联盟高二上期中)Situated at the western part of Hangzhou, just under 5km away from the West Lake, Xixi National Wetland Park distinguishes itself as 1 exceptional urban place．2 (combine) agriculture with culture is a unique feature of the park, making it an appealing destination for tourists all over the country．Along with Xihu and Xiling famous, respectively, 3 their natural scenery and cultural heritage, Xixi National Wetland Park is one of the celebrated “Three Xi's of Hangzhou”． Covering a vast area of 11．5 sq．km．, the park consists of three causeways (堤道) 4 features ten famous sights．Nearly 70% of the park is occupied by river ports, ponds and small lakes, 5 explains a wetland environment．These waterways cross the park, dividing it into 6 (differ) parts: the east, the west, and the central part． Recently the government 7 (establish) ecological protection zones as well as an sightseeing zone．Additionally, visitors can explore the Wetland Science Exhibition Hall 8 (locate) at the park's main entrance． There is no right way 9 (see) the Xixi wetlands．It is an area of unmatched peace and quiet—filled with history and natural beauty．The only true thing that can be said of the Xixi wetlands is that if you haven't seen them, you haven't 10 (real) seen Hangzhou． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西溪国家湿地公园。 1．解析：an。考查冠词。西溪国家湿地公园位于杭州西部，距离西湖不到5公里，是一个独特的城区场所。place为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，空后形容词exceptional的发音为元音音素开头，用an。故填an。 2．解析：Combining。考查非谓语动词。农业与文化的结合是该公园的一大特色，使其成为全国各地游客的热门目的地。设空处是句子的主语，要用动词­ing形式。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Combining。 3．解析：for。考查固定搭配。西溪国家湿地公园是著名的“杭州三大西”之一，与以自然风光和文化遗产著称的西湖和西泠齐名。be famous for为固定短语，意为“因……而著名”。故填for。 4．解析：and。考查连词。公园占地11．5平方公里，由三条堤道组成，以十大著名景点为特色。动词consists和features为并列的谓语，需用连词and连接。故填and。 5．解析：which。考查定语从句。公园近70%的面积被河流、池塘和小湖泊占据，构成了湿地环境。此处为非限制性定语从句的引导词，引导词在从句中作主语，指整个主句，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 6．解析：different。考查形容词。这些水道穿过公园，将其分为不同的部分：东部、西部和中部。此处修饰名词parts，需用形容词different作定语。故填different。 7．解析：has established。考查动词时态。最近，政府建立了生态保护区和观光区。分析句子结构可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语Recently可知，此处描述过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响，需用现在完成时，主语为the government，助动词需用has。故填has established。 8．解析：located。考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语动词是can explore，设空处是非谓语动词作定语，修饰前面的名词，根据be located at可知，此处要用过去分词形式。故填located。 9．解析：to see。考查非谓语动词。西溪湿地没有正确的观赏方式。考查动词不定式作名词way的后置定语，the way to do意为“做某事的方式/方法”。故填to see。 10．解析：really。考查副词。关于西溪湿地我们能说的唯一真实的事就是，如果你还没有见过它们，你就没有真正见过杭州。此处修饰动词seen，需用副词really作状语。故填really。 Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas Step One　Lead­in Why did Shennongjia make it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List despite so many other important places not being on the list? Because it has a naturally­balanced environment with rich biodiversity and allows scientists to observe ecological and biological processes． Step Two　Read for the main idea Match the main idea with each part． Part 1 (Paras．1－2) A．The summary of the speech． Part 2 (Paras．3－5) B．Introduction to the topic of the speech． Part 3 (Paras．6－7) C．The reason why Shennongjia was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site． Part 4 (Paras．8－9) D．Efforts of scientists and local people's protectionto Shennongjia． 答案：Part 1—B　Part 2—C　Part 3—D　Part 4—A Step Three　Read for details Read the sentences from the passage and decide if they serve to give data (D)，examples (E) or make comparisons (C)． 1．The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3，000 metres above sea level，．．．(D) 2．．．．over 3，000 plant species have been recorded there．This represents more than ten per cent of China's total floral richness．(D) 3．Shennongjia supports more than 600 vertebrate species, including the Golden Snub­nosed Monkey and the clouded Leopard．(D&E) 4．In winter, scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub­nosed Monkey．(E) 5．Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries．(C) Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the following questions with your partners and present your answers to the class． 1．How do the local people of Shennongjia show their respect for nature? 2．What can we learn from Shennongjia about protecting the natural world? Your presentation： 1．The local people of Shennongjia live in harmony with nature by providing bees with secure homes and collecting honey in return． 2．This shows us that understanding and cooperation are key to protecting our natural world． ◎ WHY SHENNONGJIA? Good morning, everyone．[1]It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of① the Be at One with Nature Association． [1]It作形式主语，动词不定式短语to give．．．作真正的主语。 As we know, in 2016, Shennongjia made it② onto the UNESCO World Heritage List．But there are so many important places not yet on this list．So you might ask：why Shennongjia? [2]Is it its forests that stretch③ on and on like great green seas? Is it the legendary④ father of Chinese herbal⑤ medicine, Shennong, [3]after whom the park is named⑥？ [4]Or is it the mysterious⑦ creature called“Yeren”(wild man) that has captured⑧ the imagination of the world? [2]本句为强调句的一般疑问句，强调its forests。 [3]after whom引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Shennong。 [4]本句为强调句，强调the mysterious creature called“Yeren”(wild man)；过去分词短语called“Yeren”(wild man) 作后置定语，修饰名词creature。 UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status⑨ [5]because it meets two criteria⑩ required by the list．It contains a naturally­balanced environment [6]that allows the many and various species to live and prosper⑪．It is also one of the rare⑫ locations in the world [7]where scientists can observe in real time the ecological⑬ and biological⑭ processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve⑮． [5]because引导原因状语从句；过去分词短语required by the list作后置定语，修饰two criteria。 [6]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词environment。 [7]where引导定语从句，修饰先行词locations；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词processes；as引导时间状语从句。 For the first criterion, Shennongjia is apparently⑯ one of the most“complete”natural areas in the world．The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3，000 metres above sea level, [8]giving it the name the“Roof of Central China”．The vast⑰ range⑱ in altitude⑲ results in⑳ a great variation㉑ in climatic conditions．This allows a wide variety of㉒ species to thrive㉓．Some of the plants and animals have survived millions of years, and are regarded as㉔ living fossils㉕． [8]动词-ing短语作结果状语 For the second criterion, we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity．Look at this slide㉖．According to official statistics, over 3，000 plant species have been recorded there．This represents more than ten per cent of China's total floral㉗ richness．Shennongjia supports more than 600 vertebrate㉘ species, including the Golden Snub­nosed Monkey and the Clouded Leopard．Additionally㉙, around 4，300 insect species have been recorded． [9]It is a challenge to look after so many species． In winter, scientists brave㉚ heavy snow and freezing㉛ temperatures [10]to supply food to the Golden Snub­nosed Monkey．Thanks to their efforts, the monkey's population has doubled since the 1980s．Their number reached over 1，300 in 2015 and continues to grow． [9]It作形式主语，动词不定式短语to look after so many species作真正的主语。 [10]动词不定式短语作目的状语。 　But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people, [11]who take things from nature without causing damage．I visited a local village [12]which is known for its home­made honey．[13]What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee．Every spring, the villagers place㉜ beehives㉝ around their houses [14]to attract these wild bees from the forest．Although endangered㉞ elsewhere㉟ in China due to㊱ the invasion㊲ of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted㊳ with the local people for centuries．By providing the bees with a secure㊴ home, the villagers collect their honey in return㊵．This is just one of the ways [15]in which people of Shennongjia live and work in harmony with nature． [11]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the local people。 [12]which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a local village。 [13]What引导主语从句；that引导表语从句。 [14]动词不定式短语作目的状语。 [15]in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词ways。 All of this explains [16]why Shennongjia earned—and deserves—its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as highlighting㊶ how understanding, awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world． [16]why引导宾语从句 Thank you for listening．Now, does anyone have any questions？ ◎ ①on behalf of代表 ②make it 获得成功；准时到达 ③stretch v．绵延；延伸 ④legendary adj．大名鼎鼎的；传奇式的 ⑤herbal adj．用香(药)草制成的 ⑥be named after 以……命名 ⑦mysterious adj．神秘的 ⑧capture v．引起(注意、想象、兴趣) ⑨status n．地位；身份 ⑩criterion n．(criteria pl．)标准，准则 ⑪prosper v．兴旺，发达 ⑫rare adj．稀有的，罕见的 ⑬ecological adj．生态(学)的 ⑭biological adj．生物的，与生物有关的 ⑮evolve v．逐渐演变；进化 ⑯apparently adv．据说；看来，似乎 ⑰vast adj．巨大的；广大的 ⑱range n．(变动或浮动的)范围 ⑲altitude n．海拔(高度) ⑳result in导致，引起 ㉑variation n．差异；变化 ㉒a variety of各种各样的，种类繁多的 ㉓thrive v．茁壮成长 ㉔be regarded as被视作；被认为 ㉕fossil n．化石 ㉖slide n．幻灯片 ㉗floral adj．花的 ㉘vertebrate n．脊椎动物 ㉙additionally adv．此外；另外 ㉚brave v．勇于置身(恶劣或危险的环境) ㉛freezing adj．极冷的；冰冻的；冰点以下的 ㉜place v．放置，安放 ㉝beehive n．蜂房，蜂箱 ㉞endangered adj．濒临灭绝的 ㉟elsewhere adv．在别处 ㊱due to由于，因为 ㊲invasion n．涌入 ㊳coexist v．共存，共处 ㊴secure adj．稳固的；安全的 ㊵in return反过来；作为报答 ㊶highlight v．强调；突出 ◎ 为什么是神农架？ 大家早上好。我很开心能代表人与自然和谐相处协会在这里发表演讲。 众所周知，神农架在2016年正式入选联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》。世界上重要的地方那么多，但许多还没有被列入该名单。所以你可能会问：为什么是神农架？是因为它拥有像绿色海洋般广袤的森林吗？还是因为它是以中国草药之父神农命名？抑或是叫作“野人”的神秘生物吸引了全世界的目光？ 联合国教科文组织让神农架入选是因为它符合入选名录的两项标准：它拥有一个自然平衡的环境，使许多不同的物种得以生存和繁衍。它也是世界上的人迹罕至之地，科学家们可以实时观察到植物和动物发展和进化过程中的生态学和生物学过程。 就第一项标准而言，我们可以自豪地说神农架是世界上最“完整”的自然区域之一。该地区的海拔从大约400米上升到3 000多米，被称为“华中屋脊”。海拔的巨大差异导致了迥然不同的气候环境，使得大量不同的物种得以繁衍生息。一些动植物生存了数百万年，被视为活化石。 对于第二个标准，我们可以看到神农架生物多样性极为丰富。请看这张幻灯片。根据官方统计，在神农架内有记录的植物物种超过3 000种，占到了中国全部开花植物的10%以上。神农架还有600多种脊椎动物，包括川金丝猴和云豹。此外，有记录的昆虫物种也达到了4 300种左右。 照顾如此多的物种是一项挑战。冬季，科学家们不畏暴雪和严寒为川金丝猴提供食物。也正是因为他们的付出，川金丝猴的数量相比于20世纪80年代增加了一倍，到2015年达到1 300多只，而且其数量还在持续增长。 不过神农架给人印象最深的地方还在于当地人的生活方式，他们从大自然中索取，但不会破坏生态平衡。我去了一个以自制蜂蜜而闻名的当地村庄参观。这种蜂蜜的独特之处在于它是由最古老的一种中华蜜蜂产的。每年春天，村民们就会在自家周围放置一些蜂箱，吸引森林中的野生蜜蜂。虽然在中国的其他地区，由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂濒临灭绝，但是神农架的人们和这种蜜蜂已经共存了几个世纪，村民为它们提供安全住所，蜜蜂为人们提供蜂蜜。这只是神农架的村民与自然和谐相处的方式之一。 以上这些解释了为什么神农架能够并理应入选联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》，同时也强调了人们的理解、认识和付出是如何促进对这一自然界独特且美好区域的保护的。 感谢大家的聆听。现在大家有什么问题吗？ comparison n．比较(联想：compare v．比较；比喻 n．比较) 【教材原句】　Data, examples and comparisons are then used to support the main ideas． 随后，通过数据、实例和对比来支撑这一主要观点。 【要点归纳】 (1)by comparison 相比之下，相比较而言 in/by comparison with 与……相比较 (2)compare．．．with/to．．． 与……比较 compare．．．to．．． 把……比作…… compared to/with．． 和……相比(通常作状语) (3)beyond/without compare 无与伦比；举世无双 【佳句必背】　By comparison, there are nearly 12% , who are fond of talking to friends and 5% choose other activities to help relieve stress．(应用文之调查报告)相比之下，有近 12% 的人喜欢与朋友聊天，还有 5% 的人选择其他活动来帮助缓解压力。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Chinese people like to compare young people to flowers, as they are full of energy． ②In comparison with desktop computers, laptops are highly portable, enabling users to work or entertain themselves anytime, anywhere． ③Her kindness and generosity are beyond/without compare, making her a role model for everyone around her． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④与喧闹的城市街道相比，宁静的乡村给人的感觉就像置身于另一个世界。 Compared to/with the noisy city streets, the quietness of the rural village feels like a different world． apparently adv．据说；看来，似乎；显然(联想：apparent adj． 显而易见的，显然的) 【教材原句】　For the first criterion, Shennongjia is apparently one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world．就第一项标准而言，我们可以自豪地说神农架是世界上最“完整”的自然区域之一。 【要点归纳】 become apparent 显而易见 for no apparent reason 不知什么原因 It is apparent (to sb．) that．．． (对某人来说)……是很显然的 【佳句必背】　Apparently, respect for the elders is the foundation of the Chinese moral system．(应用文之介绍信)显然，尊敬长辈是中国道德体系的根基所在。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Apparently (apparent), we should spend some time considering which learning method suits us most． ②It is apparent to the teachers that the students need more guidance in their research projects． 【写成佳句】　一句多译 ③显然，定期的体育活动能够促进学生的身心健康。 →Apparently, regular sports activities boost students' physical and mental health． →It is apparent that regular sports activities boost students' physical and mental health． variation n．差异；变化(联想：vary vi． 变化　various adj．不同的，各种各样的　variety n．品种；种类；变化) 【教材原句】　The vast range in altitude results in a great variation in climatic conditions． 海拔的巨大差异导致了迥然不同的气候环境。 【要点归纳】 (1)vary from．．．to．．． 在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等 vary with．．． 随……而变化 (2)a variety of＝varieties of＝various 多种多样的 【佳句必背】　Outside class, there are various student clubs and organizations, covering academic, hobbies and so on．(应用文之介绍信)课外活动方面，学校设有各类学生社团和组织，涵盖学术、兴趣爱好等诸多方面。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①There's a remarkable variation (vary) in the ways people celebrate festivals across regions． ②When we discuss something about class activities, opinions often vary from person to person． ③The effectiveness of the medicine varies with the individual's health condition． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④北京有各种各样的旅游景点和历史古迹。 There are a variety of/varieties of/various tourist attractions and historic sites in Beijing． endangered adj．濒临灭绝的(联想：danger n．危险；威胁　endanger v．危及；使遭遇危险　dangerous adj．有危险的) 【教材原句】　Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries．虽然在中国的其他地区，由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂濒临灭绝，但是神农架的人们和这种蜜蜂已经共存了几个世纪。 【要点归纳】 (1)endanger one's health 　　 有害健康 (2)in danger 处于危险之中 in danger of 有……的危险 out of danger 脱离危险 【佳句必背】　Our government should take effective measures to protect wild and endangered animals．(应用文之倡议书)我们的政府应该采取有效措施来保护野生和濒危动物。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①She was scared of diving into the deep water because there were many dangerous (danger) creatures． ②The rare species was once in danger of extinction, but now it is out of danger due to the conservation measures． ③Working long hours without proper rest may endanger (danger) one's health and lead to serious medical problems． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④许多濒危野生动物正因人类活动而面临灭绝。 Many endangered wild animals are facing the danger of dying out owing to human activities． be native to (动植物)是……地方特有的；原产于；出生于(to是介词) 【教材原句】　The red­eared slider, a species of freshwater turtle, is native to the Southern United States and Northern Mexico．红耳滑龟，一种淡水鱼，原产于美国南部和墨西哥北部。 【要点归纳】 one's native country/language 某人的祖国/母语 a native of．．． 本地人；产于……的动物/植物 be home to 是……的所在地/出产地 【佳句必背】　To improve your Chinese, I recommend you to use an app which enables you to communicate with native Chinese teachers．(应用文之建议信) 为了提高你的中文水平，我推荐你使用一个可以让你与母语为中文的老师进行交流的应用程序。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①This kind of plant is native to America and was introduced into China in the Ming Dynasty． ②As a native of the coastal town, he has a deep understanding of marine life and local fishing traditions． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③他英语说得如此流利，就好像他是英语母语者一样，所以你可以接受他作为志愿者。 He speaks English so fluently, as if he were a native English speaker, so you can accept him as a volunteer． break down (使)分解；(机器或车辆)出故障；(身体)垮掉 【教材原句】　Decomposers break down dead animal and vegetable matter into nutrients． 分解者把死去的动植物分解成营养物质。 【要点归纳】 break away (from) 　 挣脱(束缚)；脱离；摆脱 break into 闯入 break in (非法)闯入(建筑物、车辆等)；打断，插嘴 break out 爆发；发生 break up 驱散；拆开；分手；结束 break through 取得突破 【佳句必背】　Plastic bags break down into particles that pollute our soil and water．(应用文之环境保护) 塑料袋分解成颗粒，污染我们的土壤和水。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①A fire broke out in the building last night, and the firefighters quickly arrived to put it out． ②Shocked and concerned, I learnt that they broke up, wondering whether they could become friends again． ③Thieves broke into the jewelry store last night, and the police suspect they broke in through an unlocked back window． ④My car broke down and I was stuck on the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help． on behalf of/on one's behalf 代表 【教材原句】　It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association．我很开心能代表人与自然和谐相处协会在这里发表演讲。 【要点归纳】 (1)in behalf of sb．＝in sb．'s behalf 为了帮助某人 (2)represent v．代表；象征；描绘 stand for 代表；象征 in the name of 代表；以……的名义 【佳句必背】　On behalf of the Students' Union, I'm writing to invite you to give us a lecture from 3：00 p．m．to 5：00 p．m．next Wednesday．(应用文之邀请信) 我代表学生会写信邀请您在下周三下午3点到5点给我们作讲座。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①I would like to thank you on my colleagues' behalf for your generous support． ②The student council launched a campaign in behalf of the bullied students, calling for an end to campus violence． ③In our school, the student council stands for the interests of all students and represents their voices． 【写成佳句】　 完成句子 ④我谨代表全班同学向您表达我们衷心的感谢，感谢您对我们英语学习的帮助。 I want to express our sincere gratitude for your kind help with our English learning on behalf of the whole class． 过去分词(短语)作后置定语 【教材原句】　UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list．联合国教科文组织让神农架入选是因为它符合入选名录的两项标准。 【要点归纳】 (1)过去分词作定语时，与所修饰的名词、代词构成被动关系。 (2)单个的过去分词作定语时，常置于所修饰的名词之前，有些单个的过去分词习惯上放在所修饰的名词之后；而过去分词短语作定语时，常置于所修饰的名词之后。 (3)过去分词短语作后置定语时，相当于一个定语从句，也可用逗号与被修饰词隔开。 【佳句必背】　I am writing to ask for more information about the summer camp advertised on the website．(应用文之求助信)我写信是想了解更多关于网站上广告的夏令营的信息。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The project，designed (design) to help the students in need，didn't work out as planned． ②After completing the report on the endangered species, please put it in the provided (provide) envelope． 【写成佳句】　句型转换 ③The group study room, which is located on the second floor, is available for all of the students in our school． →The group study room，located on the second floor, is available for all of the students in our school． ④It was an incredible ceremony filled with a passion for exploring the unknown． →It was an incredible ceremony which was filled with a passion for exploring the unknown． secure A．adj．安心的；有把握的　B．adj．稳固的；安全的 C．adj．牢固的；坚固的　D．vt．保护；使安全 ①At last they were able to feel secure about the future． A ②Check that all windows and doors have been made as secure as possible． C ③Our neighborhood has advanced security systems, providing residents with a secure environment． B ④The hiker used ropes and safety gear to secure himself while climbing the steep cliff． D [课后分层练15] (时间：45分钟　满分：78．5分) Ⅰ．单词拼写(每小题1分，共8分) 1．On arriving at a farm, she noticed the vast (巨大的) land of wheat spreading over the horizon． 2．Teachers often use visual (视觉的) aids to make the lessons more interesting and easier to understand． 3．The criterion (标准) for selecting the best candidate was based on their years of experience． 4．Greetings (问候) are an essential part of any social interaction, showing respect and goodwill． 5．She decided to look for a job elsewhere (别处) after not finding suitable opportunities in her hometown． 6．The small village is located at a high altitude (海拔) in the Andes, making it a popular destination for adventurers． 7．She has achieved a high social status (地位) through years of hard work and dedication． 8．With hard work and determination, this small business has managed to prosper (兴旺) and expand its operations globally． Ⅱ．单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．Opportunities rarely (rare) ever come knocking on the door of someone who's not seeking them． 2．She has a mysterious (mystery) smile on her face, which makes people want to know what she is thinking． 3．To guarantee security (secure), children must be accompanied by their parents to enter the stadium． 4．Apparently (apparent), the upcoming sports day has generated a lot of excitement among the students． 5．The teacher asked the students to make a comparison (compare) between the two novels in terms of writing style． 6．The destruction of forests has a significant negative impact on biological (biology) diversity, leading to the loss of many species． 7．The sudden invasion (invade) of tourists during the holiday season made the small town extremely crowded． 8．In the natural world, coexistence (coexist) of various species is often seen as a delicate balance that maintains the health of ecosystems． Ⅲ．完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．我很荣幸能获得这个奖项，并向您表示衷心的感谢。 It is my great honour to receive this award, and I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to you．(It充当形式主语) 2．是在夏季的几个月里，我们看到参观我们城市的游客人数最多吗？ Is it during the summer months that we see the highest number of tourists visiting our city？(强调句式的一般疑问句) 3．当我们接近群山环绕的营地时，我们几乎无法抑制自己的兴奋。 As we approached the campsite surrounded by mountains, we could hardly contain our excitement．(过去分词作后置定语) 4．此外，我曾经作为一名志愿者接待过外国人，这使我更有竞争力、更有资格胜任这个职位。 In addition, I have ever served as a volunteer to receive foreigners, making me more competitive and qualified for this position．(现在分词作结果状语) 5．尽管长途旅行后很累，她还是设法在睡觉前完成了工作。 Although tired after the long journey, she managed to finish her work before bedtime．(状语从句的省略) Ⅳ．课文语法填空(每空1．5分，共15分) Good morning, everyone．It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here 1on behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association． In 2016, Shennongjia 2made (make) it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List．But there are so many important places not yet on this list．So people might ask: why Shennongjia? UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria 3required (require) by the list．For the first criterion, Shennongjia is 4apparently (apparent) one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world．For 5the second criterion, we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity, but it is a challenge 6to look (look) after so many species．The most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people, 7who take things from nature without 8causing (cause) damage．They manage to live and work in harmony with nature．All of this explains why Shennongjia earned—and deserves—its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as highlighting how understanding, 9awareness (aware) and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our 10natural (nature) world． That's all．Thank you for listening．Now, does anyone have any questions? Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2．5分，共10分) (2025·安徽蚌埠高二上期末)The Elephant Project is a purpose­driven company which tries to protect and recover the world's elephant population． This all­female organization began when founder Kristian McKean saw the inhumane (不人道的) treatment of elephants in Thailand, and again back in the United States with circus animals．Determined to find a way to support elephant causes, Kristina used her product development background to design adorable, huggable elephant dolls she named Kiki and Tembo． Children and many adults are drawn to the stuffed animals．These elephants come with fun educational materials to spread the word about the dangerous world elephants live in． Meanwhile, the company's mission is clear and supported by its donations to organizations that care for elephants in need．In fact, 100% of the profit from each sail of Kiki and Tembo goes to supplies and aid for abused and injured elephants through The Sheldrick Wildlife Trust in Kenya and The Elephant Nature Park in Thailand．The Elephant Project also contributes to efforts to end illegal elephant hunting． Of course, even without the notable mission of the company, these little dolls are giftable to children．Kiki, whose name means “new life”， wears a little pink outfit(套装)．Meanwhile, Tembo, meaning “elephant” in Swahili, wears a green outfit． A new release features Baby Chaba, a baby elephant named after a real baby who was rescued alongside her mother by Lek Chailert, the founder of the The Elephant Nature Park, in August 2021．The purchase comes with Baby Chaba and a book that explains her story． The Elephant Project website shows a list of elephants that have already benefited from the company, with a bit of history about each elephant's situation and progress．The mission has now also spread to support the rescue and rehabilitation (修复) of big cats who like elephants and other wildlife, suffer from inhumane treatment, competition for resources and loss of habitat． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Kristian McKean创立的名为“The Elephant Project”的公司，旨在保护和恢复世界象种群。 1．What drove Kristian to found The Elephant Project? A．Her deep love and empathy for the abused animals． B．Her witness to the abused elephants in Thailand and America． C．Her intention to protect and recover the world's wild animals． D．Her company's making profit from the sail of Kiki and Tembo． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This all­female organization began when founder Kristian McKean saw the inhumane(不人道的) treatment of elephants in Thailand, and again back in the United States with circus animals．”可知，Kristian McKean在泰国以及回国后在美国的所见所闻使她创立了“The Elephant Project”。故选B。 2．What do you know about Kiki and Tembo? A．Only children show some adoration on Kiki and Tembo． B．Kiki and Tembo was not easy to hug in when being designed． C．Kiki and Tembo are designed only to make some money． D．Many adults also show some interest in Kiki and Tembo． 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Children and many adults are drawn to the stuffed animals．”可知，很多成年人对Kiki和Tembo也感兴趣。故选D。 3．Where does the profit from the sail of Kiki and Tembo go? A．To protect the environment in the developing countries． B．To supply and aid abused elephants in Kenya and Thailand． C．To protect wild animals from being illegally hunted in Kenya． D．Mainly to support the operation of The Elephant Project． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In fact, 100% of the profit from each sail of Kiki and Tembo goes to supplies and aid for abused and injured elephants through The Sheldrick Wildlife Trust in Kenya and The Elephant Nature Park in Thailand．”可知，销售收益被用于救助被虐待的大象。故选B。 4．What might be the best title of the article? A．An Abused Elephant Was Rescued by a Company B．Everyone Should Try to Protect the Abused Elephant C．A Company Sets out to Save Abused Elephants D．Kiki and Tembo Have Found a Way into the Market． 解析：选C。标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了Kristian McKean创立的名为“The Elephant Project”的旨在保护和恢复世界象种群的公司。故选C。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2．5分，共12．5分) Laughter is a universal language for humans to connect with each other and form social bonds．Even as babies, we giggle (咯咯笑) when our parents pull funny faces, and then gradually learn to make others laugh as we grow up．But, is it a uniquely human experience? 1( ) Have you ever seen dogs let people come close to their toy, and then playfully run away with it? Biologist Charles Darwin saw this as the dog's version of a practical joke．Marc Bekoff, biology professor at the University of Colorado, also observed dogs playfully teasing (捉弄) each other by approaching slowly and then quickly running away．2( ) And he's also said that animals may spend time doing silly things as a way to cope with stress． In a 2024 study, Isabelle Laumer and colleagues watched four ape (猿类) species interact with each other．3( ) They saw young apes approach quietly behind an adult, push them to surprise them and then wait and watch the response, behaviour similar to that shown by human children．So, a sense of humour may have appeared early in our evolutionary timeline． 4( ) While playing, dogs sometimes produce a breathy snort (喷鼻息) that could sound like laughter．Dolphins let out sounds of joy when playfighting．Rats make a joyful squeak similar to a giggle when they are tickled (逗乐), says Jeffrey Burgdorf, professor at Northwestern University． But, is a rat's giggle really a sign of a sense of humour? Are the apes in Laumer's study really joking around or just attention­seeking? What would be the evolutionary purpose of animals teasing and pranking? “In humans, humour can serve as an ice­breaker, removing social barriers and strengthening relationships，” says Laumer．“5( )” A．What about laughing? B．The sound of their laughter died away． C．Dogs can hear much better than humans． D．His work concluded that dogs just want to have fun． E．Meanwhile, they observed 18 distinct teasing behaviours． F．We don't know if it's the same in apes or other animals, but it's possible． G．Scientists have observed behaviours in animals that suggest your pets might be secret jokesters． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有大量证据表明动物们像人类一样喜欢互相逗乐，而且它们这样做完全是出于好玩。 1．解析：选G。根据上文“But, is it a uniquely human experience？”可知，本句回答上文提出的问题，G项中pets与第二段中的 dogs相呼应，符合语境。故选G。 2．解析：选D。根据上文“Have you ever seen dogs let people come close to their toy, and then playfully run away with it？”和“．．．observed dogs playfully teasing (捉弄) each other by approaching slowly and then quickly running away．”可知，上文讲述了狗的行为，D项承接上文，说明对这些狗的行为的研究发现，符合语境。故选D。 3．解析：选E。前面讲述了2024年Isabelle及其同事观察四种猿类相互互动的情况。E具体说明了他们观察到的猿类行为，与下文提到的猿类类似人类孩子的行为相呼应。故选E。 4．解析：选A。下文列举了狗在玩耍时会发出类似笑声的呼吸声、海豚在嬉戏打斗时会发出快乐的声音、老鼠被逗乐时会发出类似咯咯笑的欢快叫声等内容，都是关于动物“笑”的表现。A项起到了引出下文动物笑声相关内容的作用。故选A。 5．解析：选F。上文提到人类的幽默可以作为打破僵局的手段，消除社交障碍并加强人际关系。F项承接上文关于人类幽默作用的讨论，对动物幽默是否有类似作用进行了合理推测，符合语境。故选F。 Ⅲ．完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·辽宁辽阳高二上期末)We have had a tough stretch of weather this summer here in the mountains of my home．Record heat and very little rain have left us with drought like 1 across the entire state．The 2 is drying up and going brown and even the trees are 3 their leaves early this year．It has been especially hard on the forest— 4 ， not only in finding water but also enough to 5 ．That is why my daughter with her sweet soul has 6 putting out a lot of 7 cat food for her outdoor cats each day． Each morning she 8 the plates and her two “formerly” homeless cats 9 to eat．After they have filled their bodies and gone off to get a morning sleep under the 10 of a tree, I see that the leftover isn't going to 11 ．This morning I 12 3 fair­sized crows (乌鸦) down at the plate eating the leftover cat food．Then after they 13 off to do whatever crows do, a small bird that had 14 a nest in the tree next to my daughter's home flew down to eat up what was left．As I sat and watched all of this from my kitchen window, I couldn't help but laugh 15 ．I delighted in seeing my girl taking her place in the great circle of love． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的女儿在干旱时期为户外猫咪放置额外食物，吸引了其他小动物前来分享的故事，展现了人与自然的和谐共处，让作者深感欣慰。 1． A．responsibilities B．requirements C．dangers D．conditions 解析：选D。创纪录的高温和极少的降雨使整个州都处于干旱的情况(conditions)。故选D。 2． A．grass B．road C．source D．market 解析：选A。根据生活常识可知，干旱导致草地(grass)正在干枯变黄。故选A。 3． A．gathering B．parting C．losing D．hiding 解析：选C。甚至树木也在今年早早失去(losing)了叶子。故选C。 4． A．animals B．plants C．hunters D．guards 解析：选A。森林里的动物们(animals)不仅很难找到水，而且也很难找到足够的食物来吃。故选A。 5． A．wait B．eat C．rest D．sit 解析：选B。而且也很难找到足够的食物来吃(eat)。草地干枯，树木落叶，所以动物们很难找到足够的食物来吃。故选B。 6． A．disliked B．imagined C．started D．risked 解析：选C。作者的女儿开始(started)每天为她的户外猫咪放置很多额外的猫食。故选C。 7． A．colorful B．extra C．fresh D．expensive 解析：选B。根据下文“I see that the leftover isn't going to 11 ．”可知，此处指吃剩下的额外的(extra)猫食。故选B。 8． A．puts on B．gives up C．holds on D．fills up 解析：选D。每天早上，她都会把盘子装满(fills up)。故选D。 9． A．push B．approach C．refuse D．pretend 解析：选B。然后她的两只“以前”无家可归的猫就会过来(approach)吃。故选B。 10．A．branch B．signal C．shade D．sign 解析：选C。它们吃饱了，去树荫(shade)下睡早觉。故选C。 11． A．waste B．beg C．buy D．prepare 解析：选A。根据语境，乌鸦在吃剩下的猫食，所以食物不会浪费(waste)。故选A。 12．A．ignored B．observed C．forced D．trained 解析：选B。今天早上，我观察到(observed)三只相当大的乌鸦在盘子里吃剩下的猫食。故选B。 13．A．took B．gave C．passed D．flew 解析：选D。然后，乌鸦吃饱了就飞走(flew)去做该做的事了。故选D。 14．A．built B．deserted C．decorated D．broke 解析：选A。然后，一只小鸟飞下来吃掉了剩下的食物，它在我女儿家旁边的树上筑了(built)一个巢。故选A。 15．A．awkwardly B．suddenly C．sadly D．joyfully 解析：选D。作者看到女儿在爱的伟大循环中的位置感到高兴，所以忍不住开心地(joyfully)笑了起来。故选D。 Section Ⅳ　Writing—Drafting a lecture 本单元的写作任务是写一篇发言稿，介绍一处世界自然遗产。发言稿一般包含开场问候、开篇点题、内容阐述、结尾总结等。其中，“内容阐述”为写作的重点。时态以一般现在时为主；人称以第一、第三人称为主。 Ⅰ．谨记写作范式 Ⅱ．积累话题素材 [常用词汇] ①places of interest 名胜古迹 ②at home and abroad 国内外 ③be famous/well­known for 因……而闻名 ④admire the architecture/scenery 欣赏建筑/风景 ⑤leave a deep impression on sb． 给某人留下深刻印象 ⑥enjoy a great reputation 享有盛誉 ⑦expand one's horizons 开拓视野 ⑧play an important part in．．． 在……方面起重要作用 ⑨in conclusion 总之 ⑩account for the reason 解释原因 ⑪cover an area of ．．．square metres 占地……平方米 ⑫be open to the public 对公众开放 ⑬be located in 坐落于 ⑭with a height of．．． 高度…… ⑮be crazy about adventure 热衷于冒险 [出彩佳句] 1．第一部分：引入主题(一处世界自然遗产) ①It's my great pleasure to introduce to you a magnificent natural heritage in Jinan． 我很高兴向大家介绍济南一处壮丽的自然遗产。 ②Mount Tai, China's most sacred mountain, was inscribed on the World Heritage List for its cultural and natural status． 泰山作为中国最神圣的山岳，因其文化与自然双重价值被列入《世界遗产名录》。 2．第二部分：具体介绍该世界自然遗产 ③Located in the southeast of China as one of the best­known nature reserves, Mount Wuyi is a fascinating natural wonder that boasts breathtaking scenery． 武夷山位于中国东南部，是中国最著名的自然保护区之一，是一个迷人的自然奇观，拥有令人叹为观止的景色。 ④With both natural and cultural values, it has been a popular tourist attraction for ages and listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1999． 它兼具自然和文化价值，多年来一直是一个受欢迎的旅游景点，自1999年以来被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。 3．第三部分：总结升华 ⑤As a student from Yunnan, I feel proud of this natural heritage and consider it my responsibility to promote it worldwide． 作为一名来自云南的学生，我为这一自然遗产感到骄傲，并把在世界范围内推广这一自然遗产当作我的责任。 ⑥I regard it as a significant act to preserve this great wonder for the well­being of future generations． 为了我们子孙后代的福祉，我把保护这一伟大奇迹看作是一项重大行动。 假定你是星光中学的李华，将参加主题为“Why was the Great Wall selected for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List？”的英语演讲比赛。请你撰写一份发言稿向大家介绍长城，内容包括： 1．长城在1987年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产； 2．长城位于中国北部，全长两万多公里； 3．长城最初修建于秦朝，目的是抵御外来敌人进攻； 4．长城是古代劳动人民创造的奇迹，是人类历史上最伟大的工程之一。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Good morning，everyone！I am Li Hua from Xingguang High School．The topic of my speech is“Why was the Great Wall selected for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List？” 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Thank you for listening． Step 1　审题谋篇·定框架 定人称 以第三人称为主 定时态 以一般现在时和一般过去时为主 定框架 第二段：长城被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产及长城的具体信息； 第三段：总结发言；表达感谢。 Step 2　要点翻译·用佳句 1．长城在1987年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。 The Great Wall was listed as a World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987． 2．长城位于中国北部，全长两万多公里。 The Great Wall is located in the northern part of China, and is over 20 thousand kilometers long． [升级]用“名词＋of which”引导的非限制性定语从句改写句2 The Great Wall is located in the northern part of China，the length of which is over 20 thousand kilometers． 3．长城最初修建于秦朝，目的是抵御外来敌人的进攻。 The Great Wall was originally built in the Qin Dynasty to defend against the attack of the enemies． 4．长城是中国古代劳动人民创造的奇迹。 The Great Wall is a wonder created by the ancient Chinese working people． 5．它是人类历史上最伟大的工程之一。 It is one of the greatest projects in the history of human beings． [升级]把句4和句5合并成一个并列句 The Great Wall is a wonder created by the ancient Chinese working people and it is one of the greatest projects in the history of human beings． 6．总之，所有这些都解释了为什么长城理应获得联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录的位置。 In a word，all of these explain why the Great Wall deserves its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List． Step 3　连句成篇·达美文 Good morning，everyone！I am Li Hua from Xingguang High School．The topic of my speech is“Why was the Great Wall selected for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List？” The Great Wall was listed as a World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987．The Great Wall is located in the northern part of China, the length of which is over 20 thousand kilometers．The Great Wall was originally built in the Qin Dynasty to defend against the attack of the enemies．The Great Wall is a wonder created by the ancient Chinese working people and it is one of the greatest projects in the history of human beings． In a word, all of this explain why the Great Wall deserves its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List． Thank you for listening． 主题：参观野生动植物保护区 动作 描写 ①owe 　　　　 v．应该做；对……负有……的义务 ②trap n．夹子，陷阱 v．使陷入困境；卡住 ③depart v．离开 ④multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增 ⑤decrease v．(使)变小；(使)减少 ⑥explode 　　 　　 v．突然增加 ⑦collapse v．倒坍；塌下 ⑧coexist v．共存，共处 ⑨thrive v．茁壮成长 ⑩come up with 提出 ⑪take over 接管，掌管 场景 描写 ①substantial 　　　 adj．大量的，多的 ②chaos n．大混乱；紊乱 ③elsewhere adv．在别处 ④secure adj．稳固的；安全的 ⑤vast adj．巨大的；广大的 ⑥habitat 　　　　 n．栖息地 ⑦mysterious adj．神秘的 ⑧apparently adv． 据说，看来，似乎 ⑨rare adj． 稀有的，罕见的 [语段情景用]　上周末我们学校组织了一次参观野生动植物保护区的活动…… Last weekend, our school organized a visit to a wildlife reserve, where I realized 1．how much we owe to nature (我们有多亏欠大自然)for our survival．Human activities, if not regulated, can trap species in chaos, 2．causing their habitats to collapse (导致它们的栖息地倒塌)．Fortunately, efforts to protect ecosystems have led to 3．a substantial increase in rare species (稀有物种的大量增长)．By 4．promoting coexistence and taking over management (推广共存和接管了管理任务), we've seen populations multiply, 5．rather than decrease or explode (而不是减少和突然增加)．This vast, mysterious world needs our care to 6．remain secure and apparently thriving (保持安全和明显的繁荣)．Elsewhere, such success stories are rare, reminding us of our ongoing responsibility． 单元过关检测卷(五) [Unit 5] (满分：120分　时间：100分钟) 第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2．5分，满分37．5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2025·浙江台州高二上期末)Aysen, the third­largest region in Chile, is a nature lover's dream．Glaciers, mountains, rivers, and lakes dot the landscape, with lots of fantastic national parks and astounding nature reserves for you to check out． Laguna San Rafael National Park Located on southern Chile's Pacific coastline, Laguna San Rafael National Park is one of the most beautiful parts of the country．The park includes the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, which includes both the San Rafael and San Quintin glaciers．You'll also find Monte Sa Valentin, the highest peak in the southern Andes． Queulat National Park Thanks to its remote location, Queulat National Park is home to a remarkable range of untouched and unspoiled landscape．Its hanging glacier is undoubtedly the park's most impressive part, as two twinkling waterfalls made of melted ice plunge to the ground from a rocky cliff face． Cerro Castille National Reserve Named after the rocky peak that lies at its heart, Cerro Castille National Reserve is a wonderfully wild part of Chile to explore．The reserve protects and preserves the natural habitats of many different animals and plants．Visitors can sometimes spot South Andean deer, guanacos, and Andean condors off in the distance． Tamango National Park Reserve Located near the southernmost town along Chile's famous Carretera Austral, Tamango National Park Reserve boasts marvelous scenery and features water sports．You can always go kayaking, swimming, or fishing in nearby Lago Cochrane．A boat trip along the Lago Cochrane is a fabulous way to see more incredible scenery． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智利一些自然公园和保护区，为自然爱好者提供旅游相关的信息。 1．What do Laguna San Rafael National Park and Queulat National Park have in common? A．They are located by the sea． B．They offer views of glaciers． C．They are named after mountains． D．They provide boating and fishing． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据Laguna San Rafael National Park部分中的“The park includes the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, which includes both the San Rafael and San Quintin glaciers．”和Queulat National Park中的“Its hanging glacier is undoubtedly the park's most impressive part．．．”可知，两个公园的共同之处是都能看到冰川。故选B。 2．Which is the best place to see wild animals? A．Laguna San Rafael National Park． B．Queulat National Park． C．Cerro Castille National Reserve． D．Tamango National Park Reserve． 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Cerro Castille National Reserve 部分的“Visitors can sometimes spot South Andean deer, guanacos, and Andean condors off in the distance．”可知，在这个保护区游客有时能看到野生动物，而其他地方未提及是否能看到野生动物。故选C。 3．Where is the text probably from? A．A geography book． B．A science journal． C．An adventure guide． D．A travel magazine． 解析：选D。推理判断题。文章主要介绍了智利的几个自然公园和保护区，包括它们的位置、特色景观等，是关于旅游景点的介绍，所以最有可能来自旅游杂志。故选D。 B (2025·吉林G8教务联盟高二上期末)How did the ant steal the lion's dinner? This isn't the beginning of one of Aesop's Fables．It's the finding of a new study about ants and lions． The whistling­thorn tree is a common sight on the plains of the east African grassland．Each tree is home to native acacia ants, which shelter inside the spines and drink juice from the tree．In return, when an elephant tries to eat the tree, ants climb up inside its nose and bite from the inside out．This has allowed the trees and the ants to grow well． The big­headed ants arrived in this area between 2002 and 2005．They kill local acacia ants wherever they find them, robbing local whistling­thorn trees of their brave defenders against hungry elephants．Without ants to bite them, the elephants tear up the thorn trees, opening up the grassland, which makes it harder for lions to catch their preferred zebra meals． In the new study, wildlife ecologist Jake Goheen and his colleagues could have used drones or satellite images to study tree cover, but they don't have that kind of money．Instead, the researchers tracked their collared lions, and then got down on hands and knees near the lions' recent kills, using a range finder to measure the openness of the area．Areas with big­headed ants, the team showed, had 2．67 times higher visibility than areas without—meaning that lions could see farther, but so could their prey． Over the three years of the study, zebra dinners had decreased from 67 percent to 42 percent of lion kills．But the lions didn't go hungry．Instead, they went for beef．Buffalo kills had increased from zero to 42 percent of kills over the study period．“It's a risky diet，” Goheen says．“Buffalo are big and feisty, and lions hunting buffalo are more likely to be injured．” “The study shows that the disruption (干扰) can have serious effects on other species in the community，” says Goheen．“Those effects can be unexpected and indirect．Changes could also have an impact on food webs in other ecosystems．” [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项关于蚂蚁和狮子之间关系的新研究发现，即外来大头蚁的入侵对当地生态造成了影响，最后使得狮子改变了捕猎对象。 4．What is the relationship between acacia ants and whistling­thorn trees like? A．Independent． B．Inharmonious． C．Competitive． D．Win­win． 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Each tree is home to native acacia ants, which shelter inside the spines and drink juice from the tree．In return, when an elephant tries to eat the tree, ants climb up inside its nose and bite from the inside out．This has allowed the trees and the ants to grow well．”可知，这种关系是典型的互利共生关系，即双方都能从中受益，因此答案是“Win­win(双赢的)”。故选D。 5．What do we know about the study in Paragraph 4? A．It is worthy but indirect． B．It is specific but unreliable． C．It is demanding but economical． D．It is expensive but effective． 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“．．．could have used drones or satellite images to study tree cover, but they don't have that kind of money．Instead, the researchers tracked their collared lions, and then got down on hands and knees near the lions' recent kills, using a range finder to measure the openness of the area．”可知，研究方法虽然辛苦(demanding)，但比较经济实惠(economical)。故选C。 6．What does the underlined word “feisty” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Stable． B．Wild． C．Exceptional． D．Inactive． 解析：选B。词义猜测题。文章中提到，水牛(buffalo)体型大且“feisty”，猎捕水牛的狮子更容易受伤。根据上下文语境，这里“feisty”表示水牛具有攻击性、难以驯服。故选B。 7．What phenomenon does Goheen describe in the last paragraph? A．The butterfly effect． B．The greenhouse effect． C．The bystander effect． D．The observer effect． 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The study shows that the disruption (干扰) can have serious effects on other species in the community”和“ Changes could also have an impact on food webs in other ecosystems．”可知，这种现象类似于“蝴蝶效应”，即一个微小的变化可能会引发一系列不可预测的连锁反应。故选A。 C (2025·湖南长沙长郡中学高二上期末)In a dark room, it may seem there will be little to detect in the darkness．However, a bird in the room will be able to pick up on the magnetic field (磁场) of the earth and will know which direction to fly if it is time to migrate．A snake will detect the presence of humans in the room by sensing their radiation．Each of these creatures could all be sharing exactly the same physical space and have a totally different experience of that space． Each animal has access to its own sensory environment—called an “umwelt”．“Umwelt” was popularized by a German biologist named Jakob von Uexküll．The word comes from the German for “environment”， but Jakob von Uexküll wasn't using it to mean the physical environment．He meant the sensory environment, the unique set of smells, sights, sounds and textures that each animal has access to． Humans can't sense the faint electric fields that sharks and ducks can, or the magnetic fields that robins and sea turtles detect．Our ears can't hear the call of rodents and hummingbirds, and our eyes can't see the light that birds and bees can sense．Our noses can't detect various odors (气味) that dogs would be able to smell． So imagining the world as animals perceive it opens up a new appreciation for the everyday wonders of nature．If we think of nature as something remote and distant, accessible only to someone who can go to a national park, we lose the motivation to save and protect it． Instead, we can go on an adventure just by thinking about the sensory world of the bird that sits on the house opposite us．Then nature would feel like something close．In that case, people will be more motivated to try and protect it．Protecting nature isn't just about saving whales or pandas, but about protecting things that are close to us． [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者号召我们应想象动物所感知的世界，从而有助于我们去保护它们。 8．What does the author intend to show by using the example of a dark room? A．Automatic adjustments to the darkness． B．Important functions of sense organs． C．Natural strengths of animals and humans． D．Diverse perceptions of the same environment． 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Each of these creatures could all be sharing exactly the same physical space and have a totally different experience of that space．”可知，文章通过举例想说明动物对同一环境的不同感知。故选D。 9．What does the underlined word “umwelt” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．The natural world． B．The biological science． C．The surroundings that animals detect． D．The environment that animals live in． 解析：选C。词义猜测题。由文章第二段中的“Each animal has access to its own sensory environment ”以及“The word comes from the German for ‘environment’， but Jakob von Uexküll wasn't using it to mean the physical environment．He meant the sensory environment, the unique set of smells, sights, sounds and textures that each animal has access to．”可知，umwelt应指“动物探测到的周围环境”。故选C。 10．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Limitations of human senses． B．Wonders of living creatures． C．The lack of animal knowledge． D．The comparison of organs． 解析：选A。主旨大意题。第三段列举了人类无法感知的许多事物，比如鲨鱼和鸭子能感知的微弱电场、知更鸟和海龟能感知的磁场、啮齿动物和蜂鸟的叫声、鸟类和蜜蜂能感知的光线，以及狗能闻到的各种气味等。这些内容都在说明人类感官的局限性。故选A。 11．What does the author suggest doing? A．Presenting the national parks． B．Caring about the creatures around us． C．Rescuing endangered species． D．Appreciating what we possess． 解析：选B。推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“Instead, we can go on an adventure just by thinking about the sensory world of the bird that sits on the house opposite us．Then nature would feel like something close．”可知，作者建议人们关注身边的生物。故选B。 D (2025·江苏海门中学高二上期中)A new study has revealed that a prehistoric sea cow was the target of two different predators (捕食动物)—an ancient crocodile and a tiger shark, providing rare insights into the complex food chains from millions of years ago．The research, conducted by an international team of scientists and published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, uncovers one of the few known instances where a single prey (猎物) was attacked by many predators． The sea cow, belonging to the extinct group Culebratherium, was first attacked by a crocodile．Evidence then shows that after the initial attack, the sea cow's remains were searched by a tiger shark, a tooth of which was found near the unlucky animal's neck． “Have you seen the Batman movie? There is a scene where the Batman and Alfred are shooting bullets to try and figure out which specific type of bullet they are trying to find，” said Aldo Benites­Palomino, lead author of the research．“Our research was conducted in exactly the same way．We have these experiments in the wild where predators are attacking their prey, and then afterwards we try to compare which is the best scene for what we're finding there．” The find is particularly significant as it adds to the limited fossil record of multiple predators interacting with a single prey．Such interactions are common in today's ecosystems, but are rarely documented in the fossil record, making this discovery an important piece of the puzzle in understanding ancient food webs． “We have been unsure as to which animals would have served this purpose as a food source for multiple predators．Our previous research has identified sperm whales searched by several shark species, and this new research highlights the importance of sea cows within the food chain，” Aldo Benites­Palomino said in a statement． The digging, directed by Marcelo Sanchez­Villagra, head of the Palaeontological Institute and Museum in Zurich, Switzerland, was both challenging and rewarding．The site was initially discovered by a local farmer who spotted unusual rocks, inspiring the team to investigate further and eventually unearth the sea cow fossils． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了一项关于史前海牛的研究，这种海牛被两种不同的捕食者捕食，此研究提供了对数百万年前复杂食物链的罕见见解。 12．What do we know about the prehistoric sea cow? A．It reached the top of food chains． B．It is thought to have complex teeth． C．It belongs to an endangered species． D．It was attacked by two different animals． 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study has revealed that a prehistoric sea cow was the target of two different predators (捕食动物)—an ancient crocodile and a tiger shark, providing rare insights into the complex food chains from millions of years ago．”可知，史前海牛被两种不同的动物捕食。故选D。 13．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The scene of animal fights． B．The method of the research． C．The introduction of a movie． D．The danger of the experiments． 解析：选B。主旨大意题。第三段通过类比《蝙蝠侠》电影中的场景，说明研究人员是如何通过分析捕食者攻击猎物的痕迹来确定具体攻击者和攻击场景的。这实际上是在介绍研究方法。故选B。 14．What does the importance of the study lie in? A．Challenging the current ecosystems． B．Offering insights into ancient food webs． C．Clarifying the misunderstanding of sea cows． D．Figuring out the link between man and nature． 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“．．．making this discovery an important piece of the puzzle in understanding ancient food webs．”可知，这项研究的重要性在于为史前食物链提供见解。故选 B。 15．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Batman Movie Inspired a Research B．A Puzzle in Complex Ancient Food Chains C．Shark and Crocodile Ate Unlucky Sea Cow D．An Important Biological Discovery of a Farmer 解析：选C。标题归纳题。结合第一段以及下文内容可知，本文主要讨论了一项关于史前海牛的研究，这种海牛被两种不同的捕食者捕食，此研究提供了对数百万年前复杂食物链的罕见见解。故C项“鲨鱼和鳄鱼吃了倒霉的海牛”为最佳标题。故选C。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2．5分，满分12．5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2025·黑龙江哈九中高二上期末)The storms in our lives often leave behind gifts if we open our eyes to see them．As the skies clear and you start to emerge from the loss, look for the silver linings．16( ) Going through difficulties requires courage and determination．You have to dig deep and find the strength you didn't know you possessed to overcome the challenges．17( ) That self­knowledge and confidence in your abilities will serve you well going forward． Coming out the other side of trouble sometimes gives you a fresh outlook．Priorities shift．18( ) You have a deeper appreciation for life's simple moments and clarity about what matters．Use that insight to guide your choices and cherish each day．19( ) The old way of doing things no longer works, so you must rebuild and reimagine your life．Though change is hard, it opens up possibilities for new growth and exciting adventures．Look at this as a chance for a fresh st$