unit 4 Section II Using language-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修2同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版）

We must tear down the walls that divide us ,and build bridges of understanding. —anonymous 我们必须拆除将我们分隔开的高墙，架起理解的桥梁。 ——匿名 Breaking boundaries 主题语境：人与社会——打破边界 Unit 4 更多模板请关注：https://haosc.taobao.com 1 课后分层练 11 Section II Using language—It as an empty subject 观察下列教材原句，注意黑体部分的用法 ①But it is vital not to take any chances． ② It is important to remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries． ③It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy and Alfonso, not to mention all the others I have worked with． ④In a world still facing so many problems, it is absolutely essential for us all to collaborate to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity． 【我的感悟】 以上各句中，it充当的是 ，而不定式短语在句中充当 。 形式主语 真正主语 一、概念 当主语部分相对于谓语部分而言太长时，常把主语部分移到句尾，在主语的位置放上it。it没有具体的意义，仅用于平衡句子，以避免头重脚轻。it作形式主语时常代替三种语法结构：动词不定式(短语)、动词­ing(短语)和从句。 二、用法 1．it代替动词不定式(短语)作形式主语 常见句型如下： (1)It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb．) to do sth． (2)It＋be＋名词＋to do sth． (3)It＋be＋介词短语＋to do sth． (4)It takes sb．some time to do sth． (5)It's up to sb．to do sth． ①It is essential for us to take effective measures to protect the environment． 采取有效措施来保护环境对我们来说是至关重要的。 ②It is a wise choice to develop a reading habit, as reading broadens our horizons． 养成阅读习惯是一个明智的选择，因为阅读拓宽我们的视野。 ③It is beyond our expectations to see such rapid progress in the project． 看到项目取得如此快速的进展，这超出了我们的预期。 ④It took the scientists years of hard work to make the breakthrough in this field． 科学家们花费了数年的时间才在这个领域取得突破。 ⑤When faced with setbacks, it's up to us to decide whether to give up or rise to the challenge． 面对挫折时，是选择放弃还是迎接挑战取决于我们自己。 【点拨】　 (1)在It is＋形容词＋for sb．to do sth．句式中作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点。常见的形容词有easy, important, difficult, possible, necessary等。 (2)在It is＋形容词＋of sb．to do sth．句式中，形容词用于说明不定式的逻辑主语的品行、性格、性质等。常见的形容词有kind, nice, good, considerate, stupid, silly, careful, careless等。 ①It is important for students to develop good time­management skills． 对于学生来说，培养良好的时间管理能力是很重要的。 ②It is considerate of the community volunteers to visit the elderly in nursing homes frequently． 社区志愿者们经常去养老院看望老人，真是非常体贴。 to teach to bathe ————即学即练1———— 单句语法填空 ①It took us three hours (climb) to the top of the mountain． ②It is beneficial individuals to engage in regular physical exercise． ③It is kind him to offer help to those in need without hesitation． ④It's up to parents (teach) good values to their children from an early age，which is of great importance for their growth． ⑤It is a good idea (bathe) in the sun for half an hour every day． to climb for of 2．it 代替动词­ing(短语)作形式主语 用it代替动词­ing(短语)作形式主语的常见句型如下： It＋be＋no good/no use/useless/a waste of time/．．．＋动词­ing(短语)．．． ①It is no good just complaining about the problem without taking any action． 光是抱怨问题而不采取任何行动是没有用的。 ②It is a waste of time trying to persuade such a person to join us． 试图说服这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。 ————即学即练2———— 单句语法填空 ①It is no use (try) to persuade him to give up that wrong idea, because he won't listen． ②It is no good (eat) junk food if you want to stay healthy． 3．it代替从句作形式主语 用it作形式主语的主语从句常见句型如下： (1)It＋be＋形容词(clear, certain, obvious, important, likely, necessary ．．．)＋that 从句 (2)It＋be＋名词词组(a fact，a pity, a shame，common knowledge，good news, no wonder, no surprise, an honor．．．)＋that 从句 (3)It＋动词(短语)(seem, happen, occur, turn out等)＋that从句 (4)It be＋过去分词(said, reported, believed, thought, known, arranged ．．．)＋that 从句 trying eating ①It is obvious that the development of technology has brought great convenience to our daily lives． 显而易见，科技的发展给我们的日常生活带来了极大的便利。 ②It is no surprise that students who are well­prepared for exams tend to achieve better results． 那些为考试做好充分准备的学生往往能取得更好的成绩，这不足为奇。 ③It seems that social media has become an essential part of daily life, connecting people worldwide． 社交媒体似乎已成为日常生活的重要部分，将全球的人们联系起来。 ④It is reported that electric vehicle sales have seen a sharp rise this year． 据报道，今年电动汽车销量急剧上升。 【点拨】　(1)在It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed/．．．that．．．的主语从句中用“(should＋)动词原形”表示虚拟语气。 It is requested that he (should)give a performance at the party． 有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目。 (2)it作形式主语时，真正的主语从句可以由that，whether(或口语中的if)连接代词(如what，who)或连接副词(如how, when)引导。 It is unclear whether/if she will come． 她是否会来尚未可知。 It is likely that ————即学即练3———— 完成句子 ①地球绕太阳转是常识。 the earth revolves around the sun． ②建议患者饭后服用此药。 It is suggested that ． ③结果证明，这次实验比我们预期的还要成功。 the experiment was more successful than we had expected． ④人工智能的快速发展很可能会在不久的将来改变许多传统行业。 the rapid development of artificial intelligence will transform many traditional industries in the near future． It's common knowledge that patients take this medicine after meals It turns out that It is widely acknowledged that It seems clear that It has been proved that 根据汉语提示完成语段 In our daily lives, 1． (是至关重要的) to stay positive．2． (不言而喻) that a positive attitude helps us overcome difficulties．When facing challenges, 3． (是不容易的) to keep calm, yet it is necessary．4． (人们普遍认为) positive people are more likely to succeed．5． (似乎很明显) they view problems as opportunities．6． (已经证明) staying positive benefits both our mental and physical health．Therefore, let's always remember it matters to stay positive！ it's very crucial It goes without saying it's not easy to feel It 单句语法填空 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)With the rise of technology, it is easy for people (make) observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application． 2．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)If you want to be published, it's vital (submit) a perfect，professionally presented manuscript (原稿)． 3．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)With so many online posts featuring the same places, it's easy (feel) like you're missing out． 4．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed． to make to submit Ⅰ.单词语法填空 Ⅱ．链接写作——完成句子 III.语法填空 Ⅲ．链接写作——完成语段 _1234567890.doc Ⅱ．链接写作——完成句子 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 harmonious realistic Ⅰ．单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．In our school, only a (minor) of students choose to participate in the science club． 2．Volunteering at the local community center turned out to be a highly (reward) experience． 3．Creating a (harmony) classroom environment is essential for effective learning and personal growth． 4．Setting (real) goals is crucial for achieving long­term success and maintaining motivation． minority rewarding connected 5．In an (include) society, people with disabilities have equal access to public facilities． 6．The success of the volunteering activity was a result of the (join) effort between teachers, students, and parents． 7． (culture) exchange between China and foreign countries promotes mutual understanding． 8．The new community center has helped local residents become (connect) through various activities． inclusive joint Cultural Ⅱ．链接写作——完成句子(每题2分，共12分) 1．理解科技是如何改变我们的日常生活对我来说是很容易的。 how technology has transformed our daily lives． 2．令人鼓舞的是，看到这么多年轻人积极参与环保项目。 It is really encouraging environmental protection projects． 3．在如此快节奏的现代社会中，平衡工作和家庭生活对我们来说真的很有挑战性。 It's really challenging in such a fast­paced modern society． It's easy for me to understand to see so many young people actively participating in for us to balance our work and family life 4．显然，线上学习既有优点也有缺点。 online learning has its advantages and disadvantages． 5．这周日我不能按约定和你一起外出真是遗憾。 I will fail to go out with you this Sunday as appointed． 6．我很荣幸有机会在这一重要会议上发言。 It's my honour ． It is clear/obvious that It is a pity that to have the opportunity to speak at this important conference it is also very difficult for me to learn grammar It will be very kind of you to it is hoped that Ⅲ．链接写作——完成语段(每题1．5分，共9分) My name is Li Hua．I'm writing a letter to you to ask for some help because 1 (我发现对我来说学英语很难)． Firstly, our texts are full of many new words that 2 (对我来说很难记住)．I have tried every means, but 3 (反复背诵它们没有用)． What's more, 4 (对我来说学语法也很难)．Faced with so many difficulties, I have to turn to you for some help．5 (你是非常善良的) introduce to me some good ways to learn new words．In the meanwhile, 6 (希望) you will introduce some rules and good ways to learn grammar． I'm sure that I can make great progress in my English study with your help． I find it is very difficult for me to learn English it's difficult for me to remember it is no use reciting them over and over again Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2．5分，共20分) A (2025·山东师大附中高二上期中)Age is just a number when it comes to pursuing one's passions．Older individuals often bring a wealth of experience, skills, and fresh ideas to the table, challenging the prejudice that success must come at a certain age．This is illustrated by James Thompson, a 98­year­old artist, who has been running art workshops at a local community center for the past five years． James, residing in Harmony Hills Retirement Community, started his workshops to share his lifelong love for painting and drawing．Despite his age, he inspires participants of diverse ages and backgrounds．“Art is about expressing yourself, no matter your age，” James smiles, encouraging his students to explore their creativity． Some participants come with little to no experience, while others find using their hands challenging due to health conditions．James advises them to focus more on the joy of creating rather than the outcome．“One of my students couldn't hold a brush steadily, and I told him it's not about perfection but about expression，” says James． The workshops began in 2019, providing a creative relief during a time of isolation．James motivated residents to pick up a brush and explore their imaginations, encouraging a supportive environment．Besides teaching artistic skills, the workshops have also become a place to form meaningful connections．Mary Collins, 84, a regular attendee, speaks fondly of the friendship and encouragement she finds in James's classes． According to Lucy Harper, the community center coordinator, “James is truly beloved here．He's not only an exceptional artist but also a mentor (导师) whose passion for life is contagious．We're lucky to have someone like him who makes everyone feel warm．” [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了98岁的艺术家James Thompson在过去五年里一直在当地社区中心举办艺术工坊，分享他对绘画的热爱。 1．Why did James start his art workshops? A．To pursue his love for arts． B．To prove art calls for gifts． C．To support local artists． D．To sell his paintings． √ 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“James, residing in Harmony Hills Retirement Community, started his workshops to share his lifelong love for painting and drawing．”可知，James开办艺术工作坊是因为他对艺术的热爱。故选A。 2．How does James encourage his students? A．By focusing on perfecting techniques． B．By encouraging personal expression． C．By limiting their use of materials． D．By setting a strict schedule． √ 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“James motivated residents to pick up a brush and explore their imaginations, encouraging a supportive environment．”可知，James通过鼓励个人表达来鼓励学生。故选B。 3．What kind of person is James? A．Determined and generous． B．Inspiring and welcoming． C．Strict and demanding． D．Sweet and talented． √ 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Art is about expressing yourself, no matter your age”以及第四段中的“Besides teaching artistic skills, the workshops have also become a place to form meaningful connections．”可知，James是鼓舞人心的，并且他的工坊是欢迎人们加入的。故选B。 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Life is what you make it． B．The early bird catches the worm． C．You can't teach an old dog new tricks． D．Don't teach your grandmother to suck eggs． √ 解析：选A。推理判断题。文章主要讲述了98岁的 James Thompson 虽然年事已高，但依然通过举办艺术工坊表达自己对艺术的热爱，并且激励和温暖了很多人，他没有因为年龄而放弃自己喜欢的事情，体现了生活是由自己创造的。故选A。 B It was a beautiful spring day．The Earth was finally awakening from her winter sleep．New life was everywhere．The sky was clear and blue．The air smelled sweet．The sun was kissing the world with its warmth． I was driving to pick my son up from the sheltered workshop．On my drive I saw the flowers opening in people's yards．The fields were full of yellow dandelions (蒲公英) with some already turning into little white balls of seeds．The trees were starting to awaken too．The flowers on them were white, purple, and pink．The songs of the birds were in the air as well．I was feeling the love from the creation all around me．I longed to be a part of it and share my love as well． I pulled into the driveway of the sheltered workshop and parked my car．As I got out, I saw a lost little caterpillar (毛毛虫) crawling the wrong way towards the sidewalk．He was just about to go under my tire when I reached down and picked him up．I held him gently in my hand and walked over to the grassy hillside on the other side of the parking lot．I sat him down and said, “You will never become a butterfly if you get run over, my friend．Please stay in the grass．” Then I walked off with a smile on my face and a happiness filling my heart． A friend once wrote me and asked what he could do to make a difference in this world．I wrote him back and said, “Everything！” Everything we do makes a difference in this world．Everything we do can help all the creation in the world．Every act of kindness, every shared smile, every moment of love makes a difference．Even saving a single butterfly is priceless． 5．What can we infer about the author? A．He preferred winter to spring． B．He saw people planting flowers in the yards． C．He went to the workshop together with his son． D．He appreciated new life and desired to share his love． √ 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第二段中作者对周围美景的描述及“ I was feeling the love from the creation all around me．I longed to be a part of it and share my love as well．”可推断，作者欣赏新生命并渴望分享他的爱。故选D。 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者在春日里的一次经历，展现了作者对自然、生命以及个人行为影响力的深刻感悟。 6．What happened to the caterpillar? A．It went the wrong way and was nearly injured by a car． B．It was discovered by the author in the grass． C．It was taken away by the author to his car． D．It would soon become a butterfly． √ 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As I got out, I saw a lost little caterpillar (毛毛虫) crawling the wrong way towards the sidewalk．He was just about to go under my tire when I reached down and picked him up．”可知，毛毛虫走错了路，并且差点被车撞到。故选A。 7．Which word can best describe the author? A．Caring． B．Calm． C．Confident． D．Indifferent． √ 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者看到差点被车撞到的毛毛虫，将它轻轻拿起，带到长满草的山坡上并对它说的话，以及最后一段作者认为每一个善举、每一个分享的微笑、每一个爱的时刻都有意义，可看出作者是关心他人和其他生物的，是有爱心的(Caring)。故选A。 8．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．Explain his views on nature． B．Give some advice to his friend． C．Show his opinion on making a difference． D．Stress the importance of saving a caterpillar． √ 解析：选C。推理判断题。作者的朋友问他能做些什么来改变世界，作者回复说“我们所做的一切都能改变世界，每一个善举、每一个微笑、每一个爱的时刻都有意义”，所以作者在最后一段是在表明他对于 “做出改变” 的看法。故选C。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2．5分，共12．5分) (2025·山东烟台高二上期中) The Powerful Techniques to Develop Self­Trust We've all heard of self­confidence and self­esteem (自尊), but just what exactly is self­trust? Actually, self­trust is similar to self­reliance and will eventually come down to liking yourself．1( ) Test yourself．The best way to recover your self­trust is to put yourself to the test and give yourself the chance to prove yourself．You might as well spend some more time alone．2( ) This is one of the reasons that many people will go on trips to “find themselves”． Build your confidence．If you lack confidence, then a good way to fight against that is to add to your set of skills．3( ) As you do, you'll give yourself something new to feel good about and you'll be broadening your capabilities． 4( ) To trust yourself, you should try to know precisely what it is that you want to complete．And you can't thereby ignore all the things that don't matter to you．When you learn to do that, you can in turn make sure that you're concentrating on the right things and making progress． Spend time with friends and family who believe in you．Surrounding yourself with other more positive people benefits you a lot．5( ) Thus you will build the confidence you have in yourself． A．Make full preparations． B．Define what you want to achieve． C．Do you believe you can take care of things around? D．They will trust you unconditionally and give you warmth． E．But if you've lost faith, how can you get back to that point? F．Find a hobby you feel gifted at and spend time developing that． G．You'll be surprised at how well you can manage as a fish out of water． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是培养自信的有力技巧。 1．解析：选E。上文介绍了自我信任的概念，下文开始讲述恢复自我信任的方法。E 项起到承上启下的作用，其中 “lost faith” 与上文形成对比，引出下文恢复自我信任的内容。故选E。 2．解析：选G。前一句提到 “You might as well spend some more time alone．”，G 项进一步说明独处时自己也能很好地应对，对上文进行补充说明，且 “as a fish out of water” 形象地表达了独处这种有点陌生的状态。故选G。 3．解析：选F。上文提到“Build your confidence．If you lack confidence, then a good way to fight against that is to add to your set of skills．”F 项是对“add to your set of skills”的具体举例，符合语境，说明了通过培养爱好来增加技能，从而建立信心。故选F。 4．解析：选B。本空是段落的主题句。根据下文“To trust yourself, you should try to know precisely what it is that you want to complete．”可知，本段内容与明确目标有关。 B 项能够很好地概括本段内容，其中 “Define what you want to achieve” 与下文 “know precisely what it is that you want to complete” 意思相近。故选B。 5．解析：选D。根据上文“Surrounding yourself with other more positive people benefits you a lot．”可知，空处应该继续介绍这样做的好处。D项具体说明了和积极的人在一起的好处，“They” 指代上文的 “friends and family who believe in you”，符合逻辑。故选D。 Ⅲ．语法填空(每小题1．5分，共15分) (2025·浙江温州高二上期中)A statue of Petofi stands in the square in front of Lu Xun Museum in Shanghai, 1 (welcome) millions of visitors for the traditional friendship between China and Hungary．2 time went by, there was an increasing interest in learning the Chinese language in Hungary． A 19­year­old Hungary girl, Varge Bonita, 3 Chinese name is Hu Lingyue, traveled thousands of miles to the East and settled down in Beijing for her university life in the hope of knowing more about China．She 4 (fall) in love with Chinese, a language with “5 special tone and beautiful handwriting” when she began to first hear Chinese at the age of seven．For her, learning Chinese is not just about mastering a language, but providing access 6 Chinese history of 5，000 years with so many interesting aspects．With the 7 (popular) of Chinese in Hungary, signs in Chinese have been more and more 8 (common) spotted in streets and Chinese characters are most likely to 9 (see) on bus tickets selling machines． Cultural exchanges and mutual learning between China and Hungary have brought people closer and closer．The horizon is vast．There are 10 (end) possibilities which have not been explored． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一名匈牙利女孩学习汉语的经历，同时在匈牙利，人们学习汉语的兴趣也越来越大。 1．解析：welcoming。考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语动词是stands，设空处是非谓语动词作状语，welcome与其逻辑主语a statue之间是主动关系，要用动词­ing形式。故填welcoming。 2．解析：As。考查状语从句。as time went by意为“随着时间的推移”，as引导的是时间状语从句，因此空格处是as，位于句首，首字母大写。故填As。 3．解析：whose。考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Varge Bonita。设空处引导词作定语，修饰后面的名词Chinese name。故填whose。 4．解析：fell。考查动词时态。由at the age of seven可知，句子时态用一般过去时。故填fell。 5．解析：a。考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表达“一种声调特别的语言”，表示泛指，应该用不定冠词修饰，special是以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 6．解析：to。考查介词。access to是固定搭配，意为“接触，进入”。故填to。 7．解析：popularity。考查名词。根据语境和设空前的定冠词the可知，设空处要用其名词形式。故填popularity。 8．解析：commonly。考查副词。设空处单词修饰动词have been spotted，要用其副词形式。故填commonly。 9．解析：be seen。考查被动语态。sb．be likely to do是固定短语，意为“某人可能做某事”，因此要用不定式的被动语态。故填be seen。 10．解析：endless。考查形容词。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词possibilities，空格处意为“无限的”。故填endless。 $