UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修2同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语课件以“科学与科学家”为主题，围绕约翰·斯诺战胜霍乱的语篇展开，课堂导入通过基础词汇（如honored, support）和拓展词汇（如be proud of, learn from）积累，结合科学家案例引入，搭建从词汇积累到语篇分析的学习支架，帮助学生逐步理解科学探究过程。 其亮点在于融合语篇精读与科学思维培养，通过速读匹配段落主旨、精读分析细节（如约翰·斯诺地图标记法），提升学生逻辑推理和批判性思维（思维品质），词汇语法结合教材原句（如“suspect...to be...”）解析，强化语言运用能力（语言能力），引入施一公归国贡献等案例增强家国情怀（文化意识）。学生能系统掌握知识，教师可借助结构化内容提高教学效率。

To raise new questions , new possibilities , to regard old problems from a new angle requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science. —Albert Einstein & Leopold Infeld 提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已经存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。 ——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 &利奥波德 · 英费尔德 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 主题语境：人与社会——科学与科学家 UNIT 1 更多模板请关注：https://haosc.taobao.com 1 B E C D A T F F 课后分层练 1 Hello, I'm Xiaohe.Today, I am going to introduce how the scientists fought against bird flu.Since the severe bird flu broke out, many people all over the world have been infected.Outstanding, gifted and patriotic Chinese specialists in epidemiology and their assistants are responsible for tracing the source of the virus in order to protect more people from being killed.They desired to produce vaccine to handle the deadly disease once and for all.Initially，with concrete proof collected，they suspected that wild bats were to blame.But by observing the virus with microscopes, they gathered solid and multiple statistics and mastered the framework of the virus，which gradually transformed their initial contradictory thinking.All the findings made them subscribe to the idea that the virus was not directly linked to the bats，which made the brilliant experts frustrated.This also cast a shadow on the experts，so they had to shift towards how to prevent the virus from spreading among people.Above all，the less we go out，the less likely we will come down with the deadly disease.Furthermore，consuming more protein and eating more vegetables are good choices as well.Last but not least, we must wear masks outdoors. Reading and Thinking Section Ⅰ Step One　Lead­in There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world.Name a famous scientist you know and tell something about him/her. Sir Isaac Newton is often considered one of the greatest scientists of all time.He formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which laid the foundation for classical mechanics. Step Two　Read for the main idea 1．Read the whole passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　　　　 A．Snow began his study by marking on a map. Para.2　 B．John Snow decided to prove the second theory. Para.3　 C．Snow's contributions. Para.4　 D．John Snow desired to defeat cholera. Para.5 E．The truth of the cholera infection. 答案：Paras.1～5　DBAEC 2．What's the main idea of the passage? A．How John Snow found the cause of cholera and defeated it. B．The cause of cholera was polluted water. C．The source of all drinking water should be examined. D．John Snow was a well­known doctor in London. √ 答案：A Step Three　Read for details Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What happened when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century? 2．Why did John Snow become frustrated as a young doctor? Millions of people died from the disease. He became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera at that time. The cholera outbreak was very severe. Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in? A．Bad air caused the disease. B．People ingested cholera into their bodies with their meals. C．People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger. D．People suffered from cholera because they were not clean. 答案：B √ 2．What does the figure “more than 500” indicate? Ⅲ.Read Paras.3－4 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Put the following sentences in the correct order. A．Cholera stopped spreading. B．John Snow marked the places of death on a map. C．He suspected that the water pump was to blame. D．He had the handle removed from the water pump. E．He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump. ( )→( )→( )→( )→( ) 2．Why did Snow have the handle removed from the pump? A．To look for the evidence. B．To tell people the water was to blame. C．To encourage people to drink pure water. D．To prevent the polluted water from spreading germs. 答案：D √ Ⅳ.Read Para.5 carefully and decide if the following statements are True or False. 1．John Snow's work led to the complete uprooting of cholera worldwide.( ) 2．John Snow's use of maps and statistics changed the way scientists study diseases.( ) 3．John Snow is credited with discovering the cure for cholera.( ) Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the questions with your partners and present your answers to the class. 1．How has John Snow's work affected our daily lives? 2．What can we learn from Snow when facing an epidemic? Your presentation： After learning about John Snow's work, we know that we should drink clean water and wash hands after our hands are dirty.It has transformed the way scientists study diseases in their daily work.When facing an epidemic, we should find the cause of it, cut off the transmission route of the virus, develop vaccines and find the cure for it. JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA①” Cholera used to be② one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.This illness causes severe diarrhoea③， dehydration④， and even death.In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit⑤ Europe, millions of people died from the disease.[1]As a young doctor, John Snow became ①cholera n．霍乱 ②used to do/be 过去常常 ③severe adj.极为恶劣的； 十分严重的；严厉的 severe diarrhoea 严重腹泻 ④dehydration n．脱水 ⑤hit(＝strike) v．侵袭，袭击 ⑥frustrated adj.懊恼的； 沮丧的；失意的 frustrated⑥ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to⑦ Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑧. [1]是复合句。句中because引导原因状语从句；how to prevent or treat cholera为“疑问词＋to do”结构作宾语。 ⑦attend to 照料；处理；致力于 ⑧once and for all最终地； 彻底地 ⑨contradictory adj.相互矛盾的； 对立的；不一致的 ⑩infection n．感染；传染 infect v．使感染； 传染 ⑪germ n．微生物； 细菌； 病菌 ⑫subscribe to同意； 赞同 ⑬proof n．证据；证明； 检验 In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory⑨ theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.The other was that cholera was caused by an infection⑩ from germs⑪ in food or water.Snow subscribed to⑫ the second theory.It was correct, but he still needed proof⑬.Consequently⑭， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate.[2]He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to⑮ find out why. [2]是复合句。句中第一个that引导宾语从句；so...that...在句中引导结果状语从句。 ⑭consequently adv.因此；所以 ⑮be determined to do sth 决心做某事 determined adj.坚决的，有决心的 determine vt.决定；确定；下定决心 ⑯multiple adj.数量多的； 多种多样的 ⑰water pump水泵 ⑱household n．一家人；家庭； 同住一所(套)房子的人 ⑲suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有； 不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 ⑳blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪； 指责n.责备；指责 be to blame 应负责任 ㉑handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、 工具等) ㉒intervention n．介入；出面； 干涉 ㉓link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 [3]Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple⑯ deaths near the water pump⑰ in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40).However, some households⑱ (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump.Snow suspected⑲ that the water pump ㉔raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的； 原始的 ㉕be likely to do 很可能 (＝it is likely that...) ㉖pure adj.干净的；纯的； 纯粹的 ㉗substantial decrease 大幅减少 substantial adj.大量的； 价值巨大的；重大的 was to blame⑳.What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.[4]It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly, he had the handle㉑of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention㉒, the disease was stopped in its tracks. decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少； 减小；降低 ㉘thanks to 幸亏； 由于 ㉙statistic n．[pl.­s]统计数字； 统计资料；统计学 [3]是复合句。where和who均在句中引导定语从句。 [4]句中第一个that 引导表语从句；第二个that 引导结果状语从句；had it delivered是“have＋宾语＋过去分词作宾语补足语”结构。 The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link㉓ between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw㉔ waste.[5]The ㉚transform vt.使改观； 使改变形态 vi.改变； 转变 ㉛epidemiology n．流行病学 people who drank this water were much more likely to㉕ get cholera than those who drank pure㉖ or boiled water. [5]是复合句。than引导比较状语； 两个who引导的都是定语从句， 分别修饰The people和those。much是副词，修饰比较级more likely。 Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease㉗.However, cholera is still a problem.Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to㉘ the work of John Snow.Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics㉙, Snow transformed㉚ the way scientists study diseases.For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology㉛. 约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王” 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，霍乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。 关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。 斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。 事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。 frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的(联想：frustrate vt.挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心　frustration n．懊恼；沮丧　frustrating adj.令人沮丧的) 【教材原句】　As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。 【要点归纳】 (1)be frustrated at/with... 对……感到沮丧/懊恼 (2)with frustration 失望 【佳句必背】　Exhausted and frustrated from the long day of searching for a job, she sat down at a small, worn­out table in a café.(读后续写之心理描写) 经过漫长的一天求职，她感到疲惫不堪、沮丧至极，坐在一家咖啡馆里的一张破旧小桌旁。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①I was (frustrate) at my poor performance in the contest and tears welled up in my eyes. ②Finding your first job can be both a rewarding and (frustrate) experience. ③Despite his best efforts to explain the concept, the students' lack of understanding only added to his (frustrate) as a teacher. frustrated frustrating frustration 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(读后续写之心理描写)既沮丧又失望，我感觉我仿佛被扔进了一个无尽的黑暗世界中。 ，I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness. Frustrated and disappointed suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 【教材原句】　Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 【要点归纳】 suspect...to be... 怀疑……是…… suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事 suspect that... 怀疑…… 【佳句必背】　She noticed Jose spent a considerable amount of time in his car, suspecting he had fallen on hard times. 她注意到约瑟花了相当多的时间在他的车里，怀疑他陷入了困境。 As soon as the detective saw the suspect, 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①(读后续写之情绪描写)But Jane had nobody to prove her words. (suspect) and feeling sad, Jane burst out crying. ②Two (suspect) in connection with the case are now being questioned. ③The middle­aged man (suspect) to be a murderer because he had a conflict with the victim. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④侦探一看到嫌疑人，就怀疑他没有说实话。 he suspected that the man was not telling the truth. Being suspected suspects was suspected blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 【教材原句】　Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 【要点归纳】 (1)blame sb for (doing) sth 责备某人(做了)某事 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for)应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备 (2)accept/bear/take the blame for sth对某事负责任 put the blame on把责任归咎于…… 【佳句必背】　 When getting along with others, we shouldn't always blame others for mistakes.On the contrary, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place instead of blaming each other.(应用文之建议信)当和他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于他人。相反，我们应该多交流、 换位思考而不是相互责怪。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The teaching assistant was (blame) for the severe mistake. ② (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. ③He spent the whole evening blaming others the failure, instead of reflecting on his own mistakes. to blame Blamed for 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(读后续写之主旨升华)责怪他人很容易，但在紧急情况下找到解决方案才是真正重要的。 but finding solutions is what truly matters in case of emergency. ⑤玻璃碎了，妈妈不知道该责备谁，因为事情发生时她不在家。 Mother didn't know who as it happened while she was out. Blaming others is easy, was to blame for the broken glass link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 【教材原句】　 Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. 此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。 【要点归纳】 (1)link...to/with... 把……与……连接/联系起来 be linked to/with 与……有联系/关系 (2)a link between...and... ……与……之间的关系/联系 【佳句必背】　The study further strengthens the evidence linking smoking with cancer.(应用文之健康话题) 这项研究进一步证实了吸烟与癌症之间的联系。 There is a link between health problems and bad eating habits 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①There is convincing evidence that skin cancer (link) to exposure to the sun. ②The police suspect there may be link between the two murders. ③In my opinion，my progress in English is directly linked reading English newspapers every day. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(应用文之健康饮食)健康问题和不良的饮食习惯之间有一定联系，如果我们能充分利用这一联系，那就太好了。 ，and as a result，it would be a brilliant idea if we could take full advantage of the link. is linked to/with a decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 【教材原句】　Water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。 【要点归纳】 (1)on the decrease 正在减少 on the increase 正在增加 (2)decrease to... 减少到…… decrease by... 减少了…… decrease in... ……在减少 decrease from...to... 从……减少到…… 【佳句必背】　Teenagers' understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and customs is on the decrease/is decreasing，but thanks to various relevant activities，the number of those who appreciate Chinese traditions is on the increase/is increasing.(应用文之传统文化话题) 青少年对中国古代传统和习俗的了解正在减少，但多亏了各种相关活动，欣赏中国传统的人数正在增加。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Not enough sleep will have an impact on our health, leading to a decrease learning efficiency. ②As is shown in the chart, the kinds of wild animals (decrease) sharply in the past three decades. ③The (decrease) popularity of print media has led many newspapers to shift their focus to online platforms. in have decreased decreasing 【写成佳句】　完成句子/一句多译 ④(读后续写之景物描写)随着冬季的深入，气温逐渐下降，使得植物难以存活。 As the winter progressed, making it difficult for the plants to survive． ⑤由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。 →Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals ．(decrease v．) →Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals ．(decrease n．) the temperature gradually decreased, is decreasing is on the decrease transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变(联想：transformation n．变化，转变；改观) 【教材原句】　Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 【要点归纳】 transform...into... 使……转变成…… transform sb/sth from... into...把某人/某物从……转变成…… 【佳句必背】　The new AI technology has the potential to transform the way we live and work.这项人工智能新技术有潜力彻底改变我们的生活和工作方式。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①At present, the remarkable development of digital economy (transform) our modern way of life. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ②(应用文之感谢信)你的慷慨帮助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成为一个难忘的回忆。 Your generous help and kindness an unforgettable memory. is transforming transformed my first trip to Canada into thanks to 幸亏；由于 【教材原句】　Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。 【要点归纳】 (1)thanks to＝due to＝because of＝as a result of 因为，由于 (2)thankful adj.感激；欣慰 be thankful to do sth 因做某事而心存感激 【佳句必背】　“Thanks to your encouragement and assistance, I could take part in the cross­country run，” David said，with tears of gratitude shining in his eyes.(读后续写之语言描写) 大卫说：“多亏了你的鼓励和帮助，我才能参加越野长跑。”感激的泪水在他的眼里闪烁。 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ①(应用文之感谢信)我们学校的经费部分来自捐款。感谢那些为我们捐过款的人。 Finance for our school partly comes from donation. who donated money to us. Thanks to the people ②(2023·浙江1月卷)由于北京作为中国首都的悠久历史，几乎每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。 almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events. Thanks to Beijing's long history as the capital of China, until引导的时间状语从句 【教材原句】　Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 【要点归纳】 (1)not...until...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句。 (2)倒装结构：“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋助动词＋主语＋谓语动词＋其他成分”。 (3)强调句结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋其他成分。 【佳句必背】　I left the Research Center with confidence，promising that I would keep trying until I finished the project wonderfully.(读后续写之动作描写)我满怀信心地离开了研究中心，并承诺我会继续努力，直到完美地完成这个项目。 【写成佳句】　完成句子/一句多译 ①(读后续写之动作描写)他继续在森林中穿行，直到来到那座古老的废弃房屋。 He kept walking through the forest ． ②(读后续写之动作描写)他们熬夜聊天、有说有笑，直到第一缕曙光出现。 They stayed up late, talking and laughing ． until he reached the old, abandoned house until the first light of dawn appeared ③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)直到我听到消息，我才意识到自己赢得了比赛。 → I had won the contest.(倒装句) → I had won the contest.(强调句) Not until I heard the news did I realize that It was not until I heard the news that I realized that so...that...如此……以至于…… 【教材原句】　 He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。 【要点归纳】 (1)引导结果状语从句的句型： ①so＋adj./adv.＋that... so＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋that... so＋many/much/few/little (少)＋n.＋that... ②such＋adj.＋名词复数或不可数名词＋that... such＋a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that... (2)当so或such位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装语序。 【佳句必背】　The Spoken English Club holds so many activities regularly that it appeals to more and more students.英语口语俱乐部会定期举办很多活动，吸引了越来越多的学生。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) Some students get interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. ②We were in an anxious rush when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. so such 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。 It is a second time. ④他英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听得懂。 that he can always make himself understood.(倒装句) so good a film/such a good film that I'd like to see it So clearly does he speak English 1．subscribe to eq \x(A.订阅　B．赞成；同意　C．捐助) ①He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all. ②This is the school the outstanding and patriotic scientist subscribed to generously in the past. ③Using the money I earned in the holiday，I have subscribed to multiple magazines recently. C A B D 2．handle A．vt.处理　B．v.操纵　C．n.把手　D．vt.(用手)触、碰、拿 ①Don't handle the vase as if it were made of steel. ②Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance. ③Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles. ④We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely. B A C Ⅰ.单词拼写 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 Ⅲ.完成句子 Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ⅱ.完形填空 suspected severe transform Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共10分) 1． (大量的) measures should be taken, such as restricting the number of visitors. 2．We import (未处理的) materials and energy and export mainly industrial products. 3．“It was perfectly all right，” he said, because the police had not (怀疑) him of anything. 4．Furthermore，on account of the (极为恶劣的) weather conditions，we'd better put off the games. 5．What was it that made her (改变) from an ordinary woman into a successful lady? Substantial raw pure decrease 6．I didn't know how to (处理) the situation, but an idea suddenly struck me that I could turn to my best friend for help. 7．Do you have any (证据) that this man stole your bag? 8．It is a pity that he lost all the (统计数字) because of the sudden breakdown of his computer. 9．The mountain air was so (纯净的) that it felt like breathing in fresh energy. 10．The population of endangered species continues to (减少)at an alarming rate. handle proof statistics proof To decrease Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．He hoped to find a good way to have his written English (improve) in a short period. 2．As far as I am concerned，you are (blame) for the severe mistake. 3．Chinese herbs come from materials that are (pure) natural, which have small side effects. 4．This is one (prove) that environmental factors have a much higher effect than we thought. 5． (decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are calling on people to recycle materials. improved to blame purely to into 6．I was overcome with sadness because I (suspect) of stealing his money. 7．It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing I had a chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall. 8．The past 30 years (see) the great changes that have taken place in my hometown. 9．My computer has been linked the Internet in our office. 10．The magician transformed a bunch of flowers a rabbit in an instant. was suspected that have seen Ⅲ.完成句子/句式转换/一句多译(每小题2分，共10分) 1．多亏了这个英语俱乐部，我认识了很多与我有共同兴趣的朋友。 I have known many friends who share the same interest with me. 2．日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界的方式。 Something that happens in your daily life will change ． 3．尚没有证据证明这种生活方式会使人罹患癌症。 this kind of lifestyle causes cancer in humans. Thanks to the English club, the way you look at the world There is no proof that So nervous was he that 4．Jane didn't let out a cry of regret until she got lost in the forest. → Jane let out a cry of regret.(倒装句) → Jane let out a cry of regret.(强调句) 5．(读后续写之紧张心理描写)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。 ①He was he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. ② he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. (倒装句) Not until she got lost in the forest did so nervous that It was not until she got lost in the forest that so to find that removed Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) In the early 19th century，an outbreak of cholera hit Europe，1 (cause) millions of deaths.Seeing this，John Snow became 2 (frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.At that time，doctors 3 (have) two theories to explain how cholera spread.When an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, John Snow discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was 4 severe that over 500 people died in ten days.He was determined 5 (find) out why.Through his serious investigation，he found it was the pump water in Broad Street containing germs 6 resulted in the outbreak of cholera.Therefore，he had the handle of the pump 7 (remove) so that it could not be used.Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. causing frustrated had It turned out that the water from the Broad Street pump 8 (infect) by waste.Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link 9 other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Through Snow's tireless efforts, the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.10 (fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow. had been infected between Fortunately Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A “I want to work full­time in China, honey.” An overseas call awakened the wife from sound sleep.“Why？” asked the wife in surprise, in a drowsy (昏昏欲睡的) voice, from the other side of the ocean. In the United States, he had a great future ahead.At the age of 36, he became the youngest professor in the history of the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University, for his academic achievements.At 40, he became a tenured (终身的) chair professor at Princeton. When everything seemed perfect and admirable to others, he firmly decided to say goodbye to Princeton University, to an affluent life in the United States, and return to China. The news spread explosively.Many expressed confusion, many persuaded him, many made fun of him, and still many waited to have a good laugh at him. He said patriotism is the plainest feeling of a person.Who doesn't love his motherland, after all? In his heart, the American dream is already something past; the Chinese dream is rising. After returning to China, he devoted all his energy, worked like crazy, and determined to do something big．He formed a life science research team.Every day, he works 12 to 16 hours at his laboratory. He is Shi Yigong, nicknamed “Da Niu” (someone with extraordinary achievements) by Tsinghua students.His given name, Yigong, comes from an idiom that means “devoted to public interest whole­heartedly”．“So far as I'm concerned, awards are of no special meaning，” Shi says calmly. In his 18 years of study in the United States, he never forgot his Chinese dream.In the next 18 years, the Chinese dream will be more beautiful and greater by the efforts of Shi Yigong and the likes of him. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了在美国前途无量的施一公，因为无法割舍的爱国之情，毅然告别美国，回到中国，为祖国服务，实现自己的中国梦。 1．Why was Shi determined to return to China? A．To reunite with his wife. B．To serve his motherland. C．To live a quieter life. D．To prove his own value. √ 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“回到中国后，他投入了全部的精力，疯狂地工作，决心做一番大事业。他组建了一个生命科学研究小组。他每天在实验室工作12到16个小时”可知，施一公回到祖国之后，努力做科学研究，目的是为自己的祖国做贡献。故选B。 2．What does the underlined word “affluent” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Normal. B．Miserable. C．Wealthy. D．Lonely. √ 解析：选C。词义猜测题。根据上文可知，施一公在美国有着非凡的学术成就，成为普林斯顿大学的终身教授，有着完美的令人羡慕的生活，可推断他告别的是美国“富足的”生活；wealthy意为“富裕的”，与affluent意思接近。故选C。 3．What can we know about Shi Yigong? A．His decision was well­received. B．He doesn't care much about fame. C．He is the youngest professor in history. D．His Chinese dream will be realized in 18 years. √ 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘So far as I'm concerned, awards are of no special meaning，’ Shi says calmly.”可知，施一公并不在乎自己获得的奖项，也就是不在乎奖项所代表的名声。故选B。 4．Why is Shi Yigong called “Da Niu” by Tsinghua students? A．To support his life science research. B．To praise his devotion to the public. C．To show their admiration for his unusual achievements. D．To introduce his endless energy in work. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“He is Shi Yigong, nicknamed ‘Da Niu’ (someone with extraordinary achievements) by Tsinghua students.”可知，学生给他取名“大牛”是为了显示学生们对施一公取得非凡成就的佩服。故选C。 √ eq \a\vs4\al() B (2025·重庆检测)In a world where environmental concerns are at the forefront, a young and innovative student has made a significant mark. Madison Checketts, during her leisurely walks along her favourite beach in California, US, was met with a frustrating sight.The once­beautiful shoreline was then packed with wasted plastic water bottles, a cruel reminder of the global plastic pollution crisis.For Madison, who held this beach dear to her heart, seeing it ruined by these non­biodegradable items was deeply upset. The astonishing statistic that Americans cast away 60 million plastic bottles daily, with many of them ultimately ending up in landfills or the vast ocean, was a call to action she couldn't ignore. Driven by a strong sense of responsibility, Madison headed home and immediately set to work on seeking an eco­friendly solution.She named her creative water bottle the Eco­Hero.The magic behind this unique water bottle lies in its material calcium lactate (乳酸钙), a chemical compound.When processed, it undergoes a fascinating transformation from a soft material into a solid, edible shell.This not only makes the Eco­Hero an environmentally friendly option, as it is biodegradable and can break down naturally over time, but also offers a novel and enjoyable experience.The bottle has a delicate sweet flavour, which even gives the water inside a subtle sweet taste. Madison's remarkable invention has rightfully earned her a spot in the final of a renowned US science competition for young people.Beyond the prizes, she has a far­reaching aspiration.She hopes that her Eco­Hero will serve as a motivation, inspiring countless other young students to take steps, no matter how small, towards making the world a more sustainable and beautiful place. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Madison Checketts发明环保水瓶Eco­Hero的过程及意义。 5．What made Madison Checketts decide to create the Eco­Hero? A．The drive to protect her favourite beach. B．The high prize of the science competition. C．The dream of becoming a famous inventor． D．The cruel statistics of the global plastic pollution. √ 解析：选A。推理判断题。由文章第二段、第三段以及第四段的“Driven by a strong sense of responsibility, Madison headed home and immediately set to work on seeking an eco­friendly solution.”可知，麦迪逊非常珍视她最喜欢的这片海滩，看到海滩被不可降解的塑料瓶破坏让她很沮丧，所以保护这片她喜爱的海滩的动力促使她决定创造“Eco­Hero”水瓶。故选A。 6．What can we infer from the passage about the Eco­Hero? A．It will replace traditional plastic bottles soon. B．It is good for the environment and interesting. C．It is more expensive than ordinary plastic bottles. D．It has a strong sweet flavour that people may dislike. √ 解析：选B。推理判断题。由文章第四段中“This not only makes the Eco­Hero an environmentally friendly option, as it is biodegradable and can break down naturally over time, but also offers a novel and enjoyable experience.The bottle has a delicate sweet flavour, which even gives the water inside a subtle sweet taste.”可知，Eco­Hero对环境有益且有趣。故选B。 7．What can we know about Madison's participation in the science competition? A．She'll profit a lot from the competition. B．Her school strongly supported her invention. C．All finalists focus on plastic­related solutions． D．The competition values environmental inventions. √ 解析：选D。推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Madison's remarkable invention has rightfully earned her a spot in the final of a renowned US science competition for young people.”以及前文Madison Checketts发明环保水瓶Eco­Hero的过程，可知这个竞赛重视环保发明。故选D。 8．Which of the following could best describe Madison Checketts? A．Adaptable and cautious. B．Ambitious and competitive. C．Imaginative and responsible. D．Detail­oriented and persistent. √ 解析：选C。推理判断题。由文章第四段以及最后一段中“She hopes that her Eco­Hero will serve as a motivation, inspiring countless other young students to take steps, no matter how small, towards making the world a more sustainable and beautiful place.”可知，Madison富有责任感和想象力。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·四川德阳期末)Heman Bekele, a 15­year­old talent, has been honored as TIME’s Kid of the Year for 2024.This Ethiopian­born American teenager has 1 a groundbreaking idea—a soap that could 2 treat skin cancer.He is currently 3 with scientists, including Vito Rebecca from Johns Hopkins University, to test his concept. Heman's journey began in Ethiopia, where his family moved to the United States when he was just four.He 4 people working outdoors in the sun without protection, which led him to learn about the dangers of cancer and the importance of skin protection from his parents.Skin cancer, while 5 ， often requires expensive treatment, motivating Heman to find a more accessible 6 ． As a curious child, Heman loved mixing different liquids.When he was seven, he discovered a(n) 7 called “imiquimod” from a magazine that can help fight skin cancer.He thought of the idea of mixing this medicine into a 8 bar, 9 tiny particles to deliver the treatment to the skin. Last year, Heman created a video 10 his idea to the 3M Young Scientist Challenge.His creative 11 impressed the judges, and he won the contest, receiving a ＄25，000 12 and the opportunity to cooperate with mentor scientists.Heman and Dr.Rebecca are now conducting tests to determine the soap's 13 in treating skin cancer in mice. As a 14 teenager, Heman knows that developing his soap will take time and effort, but he remains committed to his 15 ．He encourages other young people to contribute to making the world a better place. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Heman Bekele的15岁少年，他因发明了一种可能治疗皮肤癌的肥皂而被《时代》杂志评为“2024年度儿童”。 A．taken over B．caught up with C．run over D．come up with √ 解析：选D。根据下文a soap that could 2 treat skin cancer可知，Heman想出了一个好的主意。故选D。 A．finally B．completely C．possibly D．fortunately √ 解析：选C。根据下文中的“test his concept”可知，这个想法还有待验证，由此可知，这种肥皂有可能治疗皮肤癌。故选C。 A．working B．dealing C．discussing D．struggling √ 解析：选A。根据下文中的“cooperate with”可推测，他正在和科学家们合作。故选A。 A．heard B．imagined C．observed D．felt √ 解析：选C。根据空后“people working outdoors in the sun without protection，”可知，空后是Heman所观察到的现象。故选C。 A．desirable B．treatable C．available D．reasonable √ 解析：选B。根据空后“often requires expensive treatment”以及空前的“while”可推测，空处指的是皮肤癌虽然可以治疗，但是治疗费用昂贵。故选B。 A．solution B．function C．description D．attraction √ 解析：选A。根据上文可知，Heman知道皮肤癌虽然可以治疗但是需要昂贵的治疗费用，由此可知，他希望能够找到一种更易接受的解决方案。故选A。 A．medicine B．trick C．advertisement D．surgery √ 解析：选A。根据空后“called ‘imiquimod’ from a magazine that can help fight skin cancer.”可知，这是一种药物。故选A。 A．chocolate B．metal C．soap D．candy √ 解析：选C。根据下文可知，他产生了将药物融入肥皂的想法。故选C。 9．A．stopping B．employing C．ordering D．curing √ 解析：选B。根据空后的“tiny particles to deliver the treatment to the skin.”以及上文所提及的想要治疗皮肤癌可知，这种想法是利用微小颗粒将治疗成分输送到皮肤上。故选B。 10． A．selling B．admitting C．explaining D．sending √ 解析：选C。根据上文“Heman created a video”以及空后“his idea to the 3M Young Scientist Challenge”可知，Heman制作视频是为了将自己的想法解释给3M青年科学家挑战赛。故选C。 A．production B．trend C．approach D．donation √ 解析：选C。根据上文可知，空处指的是他这种富有创意的治疗皮肤癌的方法。故选C。 A．salary B．profit C．earning D．prize √ 解析：选D。根据上文“a ＄25，000”以及空后的“the opportunity to cooperate with mentor scientists”可知，赢得比赛可获得2.5万美元奖金。故选D。 A．effectiveness B．interaction C．accuracy D．permission √ 解析：选A。根据上文可知，他们进行测试是为了检验自己的想法，也就是这种肥皂对治疗老鼠皮肤癌的有效性。故选A。 A．determined B．weak C．shy D．talkative √ 解析：选A。根据下文以及全文内容可知，他是个意志坚定的少年。故选A。 A．mood B．goal C．profession D．employer √ 解析：选B。根据上文“Heman knows that developing his soap will take time and effort”以及空前的“but”可知，尽管Heman明白开发这种肥皂需要投入时间和精力，但他始终坚守自己的目标。故选B。 $