内容正文:
2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练(浙江专用)
专题06 非谓语动词
目录清单
第一部分 中考考题再现回顾题型 锚点方向
第二部分 核心知识清单锁定基础 高效学习
第三部分 核心考点解析考点精析 能力巩固
第四部分 要点强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区
◇Part 01 中考考题再现
1.(2025・浙江)Soon, he decided ______ (take) part in the annual Chinese competition at school.
答案:to take
解析:考查不定式作宾语。“decide to do sth” 为固定搭配,意为 “决定做某事”。
2.(2024・浙江)But the boy didn’t want ______ (play).
答案:to play
解析:考查不定式作宾语。“want to do sth” 为固定搭配,意为 “想要做某事”。
3.(2023・浙江湖州)You can’t miss the chance ______ (enjoy) them.
答案:to enjoy
解析:考查不定式作定语。此处用不定式修饰名词 chance,意为 “享受它们的机会”。
4.(2023・浙江台州)You can volunteer ______ (plant) or clean up the park.
答案:to plant
解析:考查不定式作宾语。“volunteer to do sth” 为固定搭配,意为 “自愿做某事”。
5.(2023・浙江丽水)When the vegetables and fruits are ripe, Kendall Rae sells some of them ______ (make) money.
答案:to make
解析:考查不定式作目的状语。此处表示卖蔬菜水果的目的是赚钱。
6.(2023・浙江绍兴)So she hoped ______ (deal) with the problem.
答案:to deal
解析:考查不定式作宾语。“hope to do sth” 为固定搭配,意为 “希望做某事”。
7.(2023・浙江杭州)Drivers learn the rules of the road and they learn how ______ (be) better drivers.
答案:to be
解析:考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构。“how to be” 在句中作宾语,意为 “如何成为”。
8.(2023・浙江金华)Rian developed a strong interest in it and wanted ______ (try) it on himself.
答案:to try
解析:考查不定式作宾语。“want to do sth” 为固定搭配,意为 “想要做某事”。
9.(2023・浙江)And now, 2,000 years later, people around the world come here ______ (see) how people lived all those years ago.
答案:to see
解析:考查不定式作目的状语。人们来这里的目的是看看多年前人们的生活方式。
◇Part 02 核心知识清单
非谓语动词是不能独立作谓语的动词形式,包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)、分词(现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done) 三类,核心区别在于动作属性、逻辑关系及句法功能。通过理解其在句子中的角色,可以更精准地使用英语表达。
一、不定式(to do)
【基本形式】
to + 动词原形(否定式:not to do),具有名词、形容词、副词特征。在句子中,不定式可以扮演多种角色,就像一位多才多艺的演员。
【主要用法】
作主语:表具体、将来的动作,常用 it 作形式主语
在英语句子中,当主语过长时,为了避免句子结构头重脚轻,我们常常使用 “it” 作为形式主语,而把真正的主语 —— 不定式短语放在句子后面。
例句:It's important to learn English well.(学好英语很重要。)
解析:真正主语是 "to learn English well",用 it 避免句子头重脚轻。类似的句型还有:It's necessary to take exercise every day.(每天锻炼很有必要。)
作宾语:跟在 "想要 / 计划" 类动词后
英语中有许多动词后面需要接不定式作宾语,这些动词通常表达人的意愿、计划、决定等。
常见搭配:want to do(想要做)、hope to do(希望做)、decide to do(决定做)、plan to do(计划做)、fail to do(未能做)
例句:She hopes to visit the Great Wall next summer.(她希望明年夏天去参观长城。)
He planned to travel around the world after retirement.(他计划退休后环游世界。)
作定语:修饰名词,表 “要做的事”(动宾关系)
当不定式作定语时,它与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,即被修饰的名词是不定式动作的对象。
例句:I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做。)
解析:"to do" 修饰 "homework",逻辑上是 "做家庭作业"。比如:We have nothing to worry about.(我们没什么可担心的。)
作状语:最常表目的
不定式作状语时,通常用来表示目的,回答 “为什么做某事” 的问题。为了强调目的,我们可以把不定式短语放在句首,并用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。
例句:To improve his spoken English, he practices every day.(为了提高英语口语,他每天练习。)
He gets up early every morning to catch the first bus.(他每天早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。)
作补语:用于 "宾语 + 补语" 结构
在 “宾语 + 补语” 结构中,不定式可以补充说明宾语的动作或状态,常见于一些使役动词和感官动词之后。
常见搭配:ask sb. to do(要求某人做)、tell sb. to do(告诉某人做)、want sb. to do(想要某人做)、help sb. to do(帮助某人做)(“to” 有时可省略)
例句:The teacher told us not to be late.(老师告诉我们不要迟到。)
My mother helped me (to) clean my room.(妈妈帮我打扫房间。)
二、动名词(doing)
【基本形式】
动词原形 + ing(否定式:not doing),具有名词特征。动名词在句子中主要起名词的作用,可以作主语、宾语、定语等,用来表达抽象的、一般性的行为或概念。
【主要用法】
作主语:表抽象动作,谓语用单数
当动名词作主语时,它所表达的动作通常是抽象的、一般性的行为,而不是具体的某一次动作,此时句子的谓语动词要用单数形式。
例句:Reading is good for your mind.(阅读对思维有好处。)
类似的句子还有:Swimming is her favorite sport.(游泳是她最喜欢的运动。)
作宾语:跟在 "喜欢 / 习惯" 类动词或介词后
英语中有一些动词后面只能接动名词作宾语,还有一些短语中的 to 是介词,后面也需要接动名词。
常见搭配:enjoy doing(喜欢做)、finish doing(完成做)、be used to doing(习惯于做)、look forward to doing(期待做)、give up doing(放弃做)
例句 1:He enjoys playing football with friends.(他喜欢和朋友踢足球。)
例句 2:Thank you for helping me.(感谢你帮助我。)(介词 for 后接动名词)再如:She is looking forward to meeting her old friend.(她期待着见到她的老朋友。)
作定语:表名词的用途或性质
动名词作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面,用来表示该名词的用途或性质,说明被修饰名词的功能是什么。
例句:There is a reading room in our school.(我们学校有一个阅览室。)
解析:"reading" 说明 "room" 的用途是 "阅读的地方"。例如:a swimming pool(游泳池),a sleeping bag(睡袋)。
三、分词
分词分为现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done),它们在句子中可以作定语、状语和补语,主要用来表示主动或被动、进行或完成的关系。
(一)现在分词(doing):表主动、进行
现在分词在句子中可以用来描述正在进行的动作,或者与句子主语之间存在主动关系的动作。
【主要用法】
作定语:修饰 "主动做动作的名词"
当现在分词作定语时,它所修饰的名词是分词动作的执行者,即二者之间存在主动关系。现在分词短语作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的名词后面。
例句:The boy running on the playground is my brother.(在操场跑步的男孩是我弟弟。)
The girl singing in the classroom is my sister.(在教室里唱歌的女孩是我妹妹。)
作状语:逻辑主语与句子主语一致(主动关系)
现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致,且表示的动作与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或者是先于谓语动词的动作发生。
例句:Walking in the park, I met an old friend.(在公园散步时,我遇到了一位老朋友。)
Looking out of the window, she saw a beautiful rainbow.(她望向窗外,看到了一道美丽的彩虹。)
作补语:表 "保持某种状态"
在 “宾语 + 补语” 结构中,现在分词作补语可以用来补充说明宾语正在进行的动作或所处的状态。
例句:I saw him playing basketball.(我看见他在打篮球。)
We heard her singing a song in the next room.(我们听见她在隔壁房间唱歌。)
(二)过去分词(done):表被动、完成
过去分词在句子中主要用来表示被动的动作或已经完成的状态,与句子主语或所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系。
【主要用法】
作定语:修饰 "被动承受动作的名词"
过去分词作定语时,它所修饰的名词是分词动作的承受者,即二者之间存在被动关系。单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面;过去分词短语作定语时,则要放在被修饰的名词后面。
例句:The broken cup is mine.(那个破杯子是我的。)(杯子被打破)
The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.(鲁迅写的这本书很受欢迎。)
作状语:逻辑主语是动作的承受者
过去分词作状语时,其逻辑主语是句子的主语,且主语是分词动作的承受者,分词所表示的动作可以发生在谓语动词之前,也可以与谓语动词同时发生。
例句:Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.(从山顶看,这座城市很美。)(城市被看)
Given more time, we could have done it better.(如果给我们更多时间,我们本可以做得更好。)
作补语:表 "被处于某种状态"
在 “宾语 + 补语” 结构中,过去分词作补语可以用来表示宾语的被动状态或已经完成的动作。
例句:Keep the door closed.(让门关着。)
I want my hair cut.(我想理发。)
◇Part 03 核心考点解析
考点 1:不定式作目的状语
【考查要点】
识别 "为了做某事" 的语境,不定式可位于句首(逗号隔开)或句末。该考点常结合语境设置干扰项,需重点关注动作的目的性。
【示例分析】
______ (improve) his grades, he studies late every night.
解析:To improve。句意为 "为了提高成绩,他每晚学到很晚",位于句首的不定式短语明确表达学习的目的性。此处若误填 Improving,会错误表达伴随状态。
考点 2:"it 作形式主语 + 不定式" 结构
【考查要点】
固定句型 "It is + 形容词 + to do sth.",it 仅为语法占位符,真正主语是后置的不定式。该结构常与动名词作主语混淆,需牢记形容词修饰动作时用不定式。
【示例分析】
It's necessary ______ (protect) the environment.(2025 年某校模考题)
解析:to protect。it 替代 "to protect the environment" 作形式主语,保持句子平衡。若写成 protecting 则不符合该句型要求。
考点 3:接动名词作宾语的固定动词
【考查要点】
牢记 "喜欢 / 完成 / 练习 / 介意" 类动词(enjoy, finish, practice, mind 等)后必须接动名词作宾语,不可用不定式。可通过分类记忆法强化:
情感类:enjoy, love, hate
完成类:finish, complete
建议类:suggest, advise
【示例分析】
He finished ______ (do) his homework at 8 p.m.(2025 年某省真题)
解析:doing。finish 后接动名词构成固定搭配,句意为 "他晚上 8 点做完了作业"。考试常设置 to do 作为干扰项。
考点 4:不定式 vs 动名词作宾语的区别(易混动词)
【考查要点】
重点区分 forget/stop/try 等易混动词后接 to do(未做动作)与 doing(已做动作)的语义差异。
动词
to do(未做)
doing(已做)
forget
忘记要做某事
忘记做过某事
remember
记得要做某事
记得做过某事
stop
停下(手头事)去做另一件事
停止正在做的事
【示例分析】
例题 1:Don't forget ______ (turn) off the light.(离开时别忘了关灯)(2025 年真题)
解析:to turn。forget to do 表 "忘记要做的事"(灯未关),符合语境要求。
例题 2:I forgot ______ (meet) him yesterday.(我忘了昨天见过他)(2025 年模拟题)
解析:meeting。forget doing 表 "忘记做过的事"(已见过),体现动作完成性。
考点 5:分词作定语的主动 vs 被动判断
【考查要点】
通过分析名词与动词的逻辑关系确定分词形式:
主动关系(名词是动作执行者)→ 现在分词(doing)
被动关系(名词是动作承受者)→ 过去分词(done)
特殊情况:不及物动词无被动形式,如 the rising sun(不可用 risen)
【示例分析】
例题 1:The girl ______ (dance) in the room is my sister.(2025 年真题改编)
解析:dancing。女孩主动发出跳舞动作,用现在分词作后置定语,相当于定语从句 who is dancing。
例题 2:I like the book ______ (write) by Lu Xun.(2025 年某省真题)
解析:written。书是 "被写" 的对象,用过去分词作后置定语,等同于定语从句 which was written。
考点 6:分词作状语的逻辑主语一致
【考查要点】
分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致:
主动关系 → 现在分词(doing)
被动关系 → 过去分词(done)
常见错误:悬垂分词(逻辑主语不一致),如误写Seen from the hill, we saw a beautiful city.
【示例分析】
______ (walk) along the street, I met an old friend.(2025 年某市真题)
解析:Walking。walk 的逻辑主语是 I(主动关系),现在分词作时间状语,相当于 When I was walking...。若误填 Walked 会造成逻辑主语混乱。
考点 7:介词后接动名词
【考查要点】
in, on, for, from 等介词后必须接动名词作宾语,构成介宾结构。需特别注意 to 作介词的固定短语,如 pay attention to, look forward to。
拓展记忆:含介词的短语搭配:be good at doing/be used to doing/give up doing
【示例分析】
Thank you for ______ (help) me with my English.(2025 年某市真题)
解析:helping。介词 for 后接动名词,构成 Thank sb. for doing sth. 固定句型。
考点 8:分词作表语(ed vs ing)
【考查要点】
区分 - ed 分词(修饰人,表主观感受)与 - ing 分词(修饰物,表客观性质):
常见 - ed 分词:excited, interested, surprised
常见 - ing 分词:exciting, interesting, surprising
特殊用法:部分分词可转化为形容词作定语,如 an exciting story
【示例分析】
The children were ______ (excite) about the trip.(2025 年真题改编)
解析:excited。修饰人 "children",表示 "感到兴奋的";若修饰 trip 则用 exciting(令人兴奋的),体现主客观差异。
◇Part 04 要点强化训练
提|升|练|习
一、单项选择
1.The twin girls always have great fun ________ tennis together.
A.practising to play B.to practise to play C.to practise playing D.practising playing
2.It is said that the latest song by this famous singer is well worth ________.
A.listening B.listening to C.being listened D.being listened to
3.I never doubt ________ the song My Motherland and I is well worth ________.
A.whether; listening B.if; listening to
C.that; listening to D.that; listening
4.He decided to devote his life ________ pollution ________ happily.
A.to prevent; to live B.to prevent; from living
C.to preventing; to live D.to preventing; from living
5.Jack seems ________ these days than you ________ ready for the exam.
A.more busily; to get B.busier; getting C.busier; to get D.more busily; getting
6.________ with an extremely difficult situation where he had to choose between his career and family, Arnold eventually decided to ask his experienced parents for valuable advice.
A.Facing B.Faced C.To face D.Having faced
7.Peter spends lots of time ________ books.
A.to read B.reads C.read D.reading
8.—What else should we pay attention to ________ building the bridge?
—The change of the weather.
A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished
9.________ a better life, the scientist has devoted all his life to ________ pollution.
A.Living; prevent B.Living; preventing
C.To live; prevent D.To live; preventing
10.He devoted all the time he had ________ it possible for his children ________ better education.
A.to making; to receive B.made; to receiving
C.to make; to receive D.made; to receive
11.Last week, we saw a rare bird ________ its nest high up in the old oak tree.
A.to build B.built C.build D.building
12.Great changes ________ in China in the last ten years, ________ it one of the strongest countries.
A.take place; to make B.took place; making C.will take place; to make D.have taken place; making
13.When I am feeling blue, I prefer ________ around the lake ________ myself up.
A.to walk; to cheering B.to walk; to cheer
C.walking; cheering D.walking; to cheer
14.What great difficulty the little boy has ________ the bicycle by himself! I will do what I can ________ him.
A.fixed; help B.fixed; to help C.fixing; to help D.fixing; help
15.Everyone in my family ________ on TV.
A.enjoys watching matches B.enjoys reading matches C.enjoy watching matches D.enjoy see matches
16.He spends as much time as he can ________ English every day.
A.to practise to speak B.practise to speak
C.practising to speak D.practising speaking
17.—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets.
—But the film is really worth ________ twice.
A.managed; to be seen B.to manage; seeing C.managing; being seen D.managing; seeing
18.I decided ________ hard at English, so I kept ________ English books for two hours.
A.to work; reading B.to work; to read
C.to working; to read D.to working; reading
19.—Did you enjoy yourselves at your birthday party?
—Yes. What great fun ________ ourselves to all kinds of delicious foods and drinks.
A.it is helping B.it is to help C.we had to help D.we had helping
20.I plan ________ trees on Tree Planting Day.
A.plant B.plants C.planting D.to plant
21.The suspect admitted ________ the valuable vase after the detective showed him the proof.
A.stole B.to steal C.stealing D.steal
22.We had to ________ our prices because of the ________ costs.
A.raised, risen B.raise, rising C.rise, raising D.rise, risen
23.Habit formation (形成) is________ new methods that people get used to without thinking about them.
A.develop B.to develop C.developed D.to developing
24.It’s time for my brothers and ________ homework.
A.me to do B.me doing C.I to do D.I doing
25.— Ms. Wang, I have difficulty ________ the article.
— Remember ________ it three times at least.
A.to understand; reading B.understanding; reading
C.understanding; to read D.to understand; to read
26.Daniel didn’t know ________ about the 2025 Huai’an Marathon.
A.what to talk to B.what to talk C.who to talk to D.who to talk
27.Do you know ________?
A.how to deal with it B.what to deal with it
C.what to do with D.how to do with
28.The woman made his son _________ finally after she told him some jokes.
A.stop to cry B.to stop crying C.stopped crying D.stop crying
29.This pot of flowers on the balcony requires ________ on hot summer days.
A.to water B.watered C.watering D.be watered
30.The team ________ ten excellent players has a great chance of winning the championship.
A.consists of B.consisted of C.consisting of D.is consisted of
二、短文填空
1
阅读下面短文,根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
The Ugly Duckling is a fairy story. It tells about a little 31 (鸟). He looked very strange and ugly when he was born. He was 32 (不同) from his brothers and sisters because they all looked beautiful.
At the river, the ugly duckling swam well. But the other ducklings still 33 (告诉) him to go away and laughed at him. “Why are their feathers (羽毛) beautiful while 34 (我的) are black and grey?” the duckling said to himself. The 35 (可怜) duckling was very sad, so he wanted to search for a new home.
One day, the duckling met two animals. “May I stay with you?” he asked 36 (有礼貌). His voice sounded a little nervous because he really hoped to stay. But the 37 (猫) and the hen said no. They didn’t like him, either.
Some days later, the ugly duckling came to a lake. There, he saw 38 (六) beautiful swans (天鹅) with long necks and beautiful feathers. “I wish I looked like you!” he cried. “Look in the 39 (水)! My friend, you do look like us!” One of the swans said. The duckling looked down, and to his surprise, he saw that he was a beautiful 40 (白色) swan too!
Everyone has their own time to shine. We should not judge others by their appearances.
2
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Adolescence (青春期) is a difficult time for teenagers. It usually takes place when you are aged at thirteen and nineteen. As your body changes gradually, you also begin to think and feel 41 (different). For example, you used to be happy in the company of your parents. But now you need your own space and privacy (隐私) . In the past, your parents made most 42 (decide) for you, but now you want to decide almost everything for 43 (you) .
All these changes are quite natural. But it is important to make sure that the relationship with your parents may be affected. So what can you do 44 (make) sure that you get on well with your parents?
Firstly, your parents will feel much better if you let them know that you still love and value them. Remember that they have forever lost the little child you once 45 (be). They may not say so, 46 they are probably feeling a sense of loss.
Secondly, try to agree with your family rules. Maybe you shouldn’t 47 (allow) to watch TV for long or wear clothes you like. You feel these are unnecessary, but your 48 (parent) main purpose is just to keep you safe. Once you have agreed with the rules, try to obey them. Maybe you are not willing to let them know where you are, but make the effort anyway.
Finally, it’s all about communication. They have nothing against 49 (have) a rest. Just let them know where you are going, and ask for advice if you need it. The more connected they feel, the more trustful they 50 (become).
(
1
/
2
)学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练(浙江专用)
专题06 非谓语动词
目录清单
第一部分 中考考题再现回顾题型 锚点方向
第二部分 核心知识清单锁定基础 高效学习
第三部分 核心考点解析考点精析 能力巩固
第四部分 要点强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区
◇Part 01 中考考题再现
1.(2025・浙江)Soon, he decided ______ (take) part in the annual Chinese competition at school.
答案:to take
解析:考查不定式作宾语。“decide to do sth” 为固定搭配,意为 “决定做某事”。
2.(2024・浙江)But the boy didn’t want ______ (play).
答案:to play
解析:考查不定式作宾语。“want to do sth” 为固定搭配,意为 “想要做某事”。
3.(2023・浙江湖州)You can’t miss the chance ______ (enjoy) them.
答案:to enjoy
解析:考查不定式作定语。此处用不定式修饰名词 chance,意为 “享受它们的机会”。
4.(2023・浙江台州)You can volunteer ______ (plant) or clean up the park.
答案:to plant
解析:考查不定式作宾语。“volunteer to do sth” 为固定搭配,意为 “自愿做某事”。
5.(2023・浙江丽水)When the vegetables and fruits are ripe, Kendall Rae sells some of them ______ (make) money.
答案:to make
解析:考查不定式作目的状语。此处表示卖蔬菜水果的目的是赚钱。
6.(2023・浙江绍兴)So she hoped ______ (deal) with the problem.
答案:to deal
解析:考查不定式作宾语。“hope to do sth” 为固定搭配,意为 “希望做某事”。
7.(2023・浙江杭州)Drivers learn the rules of the road and they learn how ______ (be) better drivers.
答案:to be
解析:考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构。“how to be” 在句中作宾语,意为 “如何成为”。
8.(2023・浙江金华)Rian developed a strong interest in it and wanted ______ (try) it on himself.
答案:to try
解析:考查不定式作宾语。“want to do sth” 为固定搭配,意为 “想要做某事”。
9.(2023・浙江)And now, 2,000 years later, people around the world come here ______ (see) how people lived all those years ago.
答案:to see
解析:考查不定式作目的状语。人们来这里的目的是看看多年前人们的生活方式。
◇Part 02 核心知识清单
非谓语动词是不能独立作谓语的动词形式,包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)、分词(现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done) 三类,核心区别在于动作属性、逻辑关系及句法功能。通过理解其在句子中的角色,可以更精准地使用英语表达。
一、不定式(to do)
【基本形式】
to + 动词原形(否定式:not to do),具有名词、形容词、副词特征。在句子中,不定式可以扮演多种角色,就像一位多才多艺的演员。
【主要用法】
作主语:表具体、将来的动作,常用 it 作形式主语
在英语句子中,当主语过长时,为了避免句子结构头重脚轻,我们常常使用 “it” 作为形式主语,而把真正的主语 —— 不定式短语放在句子后面。
例句:It's important to learn English well.(学好英语很重要。)
解析:真正主语是 "to learn English well",用 it 避免句子头重脚轻。类似的句型还有:It's necessary to take exercise every day.(每天锻炼很有必要。)
作宾语:跟在 "想要 / 计划" 类动词后
英语中有许多动词后面需要接不定式作宾语,这些动词通常表达人的意愿、计划、决定等。
常见搭配:want to do(想要做)、hope to do(希望做)、decide to do(决定做)、plan to do(计划做)、fail to do(未能做)
例句:She hopes to visit the Great Wall next summer.(她希望明年夏天去参观长城。)
He planned to travel around the world after retirement.(他计划退休后环游世界。)
作定语:修饰名词,表 “要做的事”(动宾关系)
当不定式作定语时,它与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,即被修饰的名词是不定式动作的对象。
例句:I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做。)
解析:"to do" 修饰 "homework",逻辑上是 "做家庭作业"。比如:We have nothing to worry about.(我们没什么可担心的。)
作状语:最常表目的
不定式作状语时,通常用来表示目的,回答 “为什么做某事” 的问题。为了强调目的,我们可以把不定式短语放在句首,并用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。
例句:To improve his spoken English, he practices every day.(为了提高英语口语,他每天练习。)
He gets up early every morning to catch the first bus.(他每天早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。)
作补语:用于 "宾语 + 补语" 结构
在 “宾语 + 补语” 结构中,不定式可以补充说明宾语的动作或状态,常见于一些使役动词和感官动词之后。
常见搭配:ask sb. to do(要求某人做)、tell sb. to do(告诉某人做)、want sb. to do(想要某人做)、help sb. to do(帮助某人做)(“to” 有时可省略)
例句:The teacher told us not to be late.(老师告诉我们不要迟到。)
My mother helped me (to) clean my room.(妈妈帮我打扫房间。)
二、动名词(doing)
【基本形式】
动词原形 + ing(否定式:not doing),具有名词特征。动名词在句子中主要起名词的作用,可以作主语、宾语、定语等,用来表达抽象的、一般性的行为或概念。
【主要用法】
作主语:表抽象动作,谓语用单数
当动名词作主语时,它所表达的动作通常是抽象的、一般性的行为,而不是具体的某一次动作,此时句子的谓语动词要用单数形式。
例句:Reading is good for your mind.(阅读对思维有好处。)
类似的句子还有:Swimming is her favorite sport.(游泳是她最喜欢的运动。)
作宾语:跟在 "喜欢 / 习惯" 类动词或介词后
英语中有一些动词后面只能接动名词作宾语,还有一些短语中的 to 是介词,后面也需要接动名词。
常见搭配:enjoy doing(喜欢做)、finish doing(完成做)、be used to doing(习惯于做)、look forward to doing(期待做)、give up doing(放弃做)
例句 1:He enjoys playing football with friends.(他喜欢和朋友踢足球。)
例句 2:Thank you for helping me.(感谢你帮助我。)(介词 for 后接动名词)再如:She is looking forward to meeting her old friend.(她期待着见到她的老朋友。)
作定语:表名词的用途或性质
动名词作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面,用来表示该名词的用途或性质,说明被修饰名词的功能是什么。
例句:There is a reading room in our school.(我们学校有一个阅览室。)
解析:"reading" 说明 "room" 的用途是 "阅读的地方"。例如:a swimming pool(游泳池),a sleeping bag(睡袋)。
三、分词
分词分为现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done),它们在句子中可以作定语、状语和补语,主要用来表示主动或被动、进行或完成的关系。
(一)现在分词(doing):表主动、进行
现在分词在句子中可以用来描述正在进行的动作,或者与句子主语之间存在主动关系的动作。
【主要用法】
作定语:修饰 "主动做动作的名词"
当现在分词作定语时,它所修饰的名词是分词动作的执行者,即二者之间存在主动关系。现在分词短语作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的名词后面。
例句:The boy running on the playground is my brother.(在操场跑步的男孩是我弟弟。)
The girl singing in the classroom is my sister.(在教室里唱歌的女孩是我妹妹。)
作状语:逻辑主语与句子主语一致(主动关系)
现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致,且表示的动作与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或者是先于谓语动词的动作发生。
例句:Walking in the park, I met an old friend.(在公园散步时,我遇到了一位老朋友。)
Looking out of the window, she saw a beautiful rainbow.(她望向窗外,看到了一道美丽的彩虹。)
作补语:表 "保持某种状态"
在 “宾语 + 补语” 结构中,现在分词作补语可以用来补充说明宾语正在进行的动作或所处的状态。
例句:I saw him playing basketball.(我看见他在打篮球。)
We heard her singing a song in the next room.(我们听见她在隔壁房间唱歌。)
(二)过去分词(done):表被动、完成
过去分词在句子中主要用来表示被动的动作或已经完成的状态,与句子主语或所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系。
【主要用法】
作定语:修饰 "被动承受动作的名词"
过去分词作定语时,它所修饰的名词是分词动作的承受者,即二者之间存在被动关系。单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面;过去分词短语作定语时,则要放在被修饰的名词后面。
例句:The broken cup is mine.(那个破杯子是我的。)(杯子被打破)
The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.(鲁迅写的这本书很受欢迎。)
作状语:逻辑主语是动作的承受者
过去分词作状语时,其逻辑主语是句子的主语,且主语是分词动作的承受者,分词所表示的动作可以发生在谓语动词之前,也可以与谓语动词同时发生。
例句:Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.(从山顶看,这座城市很美。)(城市被看)
Given more time, we could have done it better.(如果给我们更多时间,我们本可以做得更好。)
作补语:表 "被处于某种状态"
在 “宾语 + 补语” 结构中,过去分词作补语可以用来表示宾语的被动状态或已经完成的动作。
例句:Keep the door closed.(让门关着。)
I want my hair cut.(我想理发。)
◇Part 03 核心考点解析
考点 1:不定式作目的状语
【考查要点】
识别 "为了做某事" 的语境,不定式可位于句首(逗号隔开)或句末。该考点常结合语境设置干扰项,需重点关注动作的目的性。
【示例分析】
______ (improve) his grades, he studies late every night.
解析:To improve。句意为 "为了提高成绩,他每晚学到很晚",位于句首的不定式短语明确表达学习的目的性。此处若误填 Improving,会错误表达伴随状态。
考点 2:"it 作形式主语 + 不定式" 结构
【考查要点】
固定句型 "It is + 形容词 + to do sth.",it 仅为语法占位符,真正主语是后置的不定式。该结构常与动名词作主语混淆,需牢记形容词修饰动作时用不定式。
【示例分析】
It's necessary ______ (protect) the environment.(2025 年某校模考题)
解析:to protect。it 替代 "to protect the environment" 作形式主语,保持句子平衡。若写成 protecting 则不符合该句型要求。
考点 3:接动名词作宾语的固定动词
【考查要点】
牢记 "喜欢 / 完成 / 练习 / 介意" 类动词(enjoy, finish, practice, mind 等)后必须接动名词作宾语,不可用不定式。可通过分类记忆法强化:
情感类:enjoy, love, hate
完成类:finish, complete
建议类:suggest, advise
【示例分析】
He finished ______ (do) his homework at 8 p.m.(2025 年某省真题)
解析:doing。finish 后接动名词构成固定搭配,句意为 "他晚上 8 点做完了作业"。考试常设置 to do 作为干扰项。
考点 4:不定式 vs 动名词作宾语的区别(易混动词)
【考查要点】
重点区分 forget/stop/try 等易混动词后接 to do(未做动作)与 doing(已做动作)的语义差异。
动词
to do(未做)
doing(已做)
forget
忘记要做某事
忘记做过某事
remember
记得要做某事
记得做过某事
stop
停下(手头事)去做另一件事
停止正在做的事
【示例分析】
例题 1:Don't forget ______ (turn) off the light.(离开时别忘了关灯)(2025 年真题)
解析:to turn。forget to do 表 "忘记要做的事"(灯未关),符合语境要求。
例题 2:I forgot ______ (meet) him yesterday.(我忘了昨天见过他)(2025 年模拟题)
解析:meeting。forget doing 表 "忘记做过的事"(已见过),体现动作完成性。
考点 5:分词作定语的主动 vs 被动判断
【考查要点】
通过分析名词与动词的逻辑关系确定分词形式:
主动关系(名词是动作执行者)→ 现在分词(doing)
被动关系(名词是动作承受者)→ 过去分词(done)
特殊情况:不及物动词无被动形式,如 the rising sun(不可用 risen)
【示例分析】
例题 1:The girl ______ (dance) in the room is my sister.(2025 年真题改编)
解析:dancing。女孩主动发出跳舞动作,用现在分词作后置定语,相当于定语从句 who is dancing。
例题 2:I like the book ______ (write) by Lu Xun.(2025 年某省真题)
解析:written。书是 "被写" 的对象,用过去分词作后置定语,等同于定语从句 which was written。
考点 6:分词作状语的逻辑主语一致
【考查要点】
分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致:
主动关系 → 现在分词(doing)
被动关系 → 过去分词(done)
常见错误:悬垂分词(逻辑主语不一致),如误写Seen from the hill, we saw a beautiful city.
【示例分析】
______ (walk) along the street, I met an old friend.(2025 年某市真题)
解析:Walking。walk 的逻辑主语是 I(主动关系),现在分词作时间状语,相当于 When I was walking...。若误填 Walked 会造成逻辑主语混乱。
考点 7:介词后接动名词
【考查要点】
in, on, for, from 等介词后必须接动名词作宾语,构成介宾结构。需特别注意 to 作介词的固定短语,如 pay attention to, look forward to。
拓展记忆:含介词的短语搭配:be good at doing/be used to doing/give up doing
【示例分析】
Thank you for ______ (help) me with my English.(2025 年某市真题)
解析:helping。介词 for 后接动名词,构成 Thank sb. for doing sth. 固定句型。
考点 8:分词作表语(ed vs ing)
【考查要点】
区分 - ed 分词(修饰人,表主观感受)与 - ing 分词(修饰物,表客观性质):
常见 - ed 分词:excited, interested, surprised
常见 - ing 分词:exciting, interesting, surprising
特殊用法:部分分词可转化为形容词作定语,如 an exciting story
【示例分析】
The children were ______ (excite) about the trip.(2025 年真题改编)
解析:excited。修饰人 "children",表示 "感到兴奋的";若修饰 trip 则用 exciting(令人兴奋的),体现主客观差异。
◇Part 04 要点强化训练
提|升|练|习
一、单项选择
1.The twin girls always have great fun ________ tennis together.
A.practising to play B.to practise to play C.to practise playing D.practising playing
2.It is said that the latest song by this famous singer is well worth ________.
A.listening B.listening to C.being listened D.being listened to
3.I never doubt ________ the song My Motherland and I is well worth ________.
A.whether; listening B.if; listening to
C.that; listening to D.that; listening
4.He decided to devote his life ________ pollution ________ happily.
A.to prevent; to live B.to prevent; from living
C.to preventing; to live D.to preventing; from living
5.Jack seems ________ these days than you ________ ready for the exam.
A.more busily; to get B.busier; getting C.busier; to get D.more busily; getting
6.________ with an extremely difficult situation where he had to choose between his career and family, Arnold eventually decided to ask his experienced parents for valuable advice.
A.Facing B.Faced C.To face D.Having faced
7.Peter spends lots of time ________ books.
A.to read B.reads C.read D.reading
8.—What else should we pay attention to ________ building the bridge?
—The change of the weather.
A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished
9.________ a better life, the scientist has devoted all his life to ________ pollution.
A.Living; prevent B.Living; preventing
C.To live; prevent D.To live; preventing
10.He devoted all the time he had ________ it possible for his children ________ better education.
A.to making; to receive B.made; to receiving
C.to make; to receive D.made; to receive
11.Last week, we saw a rare bird ________ its nest high up in the old oak tree.
A.to build B.built C.build D.building
12.Great changes ________ in China in the last ten years, ________ it one of the strongest countries.
A.take place; to make B.took place; making C.will take place; to make D.have taken place; making
13.When I am feeling blue, I prefer ________ around the lake ________ myself up.
A.to walk; to cheering B.to walk; to cheer
C.walking; cheering D.walking; to cheer
14.What great difficulty the little boy has ________ the bicycle by himself! I will do what I can ________ him.
A.fixed; help B.fixed; to help C.fixing; to help D.fixing; help
15.Everyone in my family ________ on TV.
A.enjoys watching matches B.enjoys reading matches C.enjoy watching matches D.enjoy see matches
16.He spends as much time as he can ________ English every day.
A.to practise to speak B.practise to speak
C.practising to speak D.practising speaking
17.—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets.
—But the film is really worth ________ twice.
A.managed; to be seen B.to manage; seeing C.managing; being seen D.managing; seeing
18.I decided ________ hard at English, so I kept ________ English books for two hours.
A.to work; reading B.to work; to read
C.to working; to read D.to working; reading
19.—Did you enjoy yourselves at your birthday party?
—Yes. What great fun ________ ourselves to all kinds of delicious foods and drinks.
A.it is helping B.it is to help C.we had to help D.we had helping
20.I plan ________ trees on Tree Planting Day.
A.plant B.plants C.planting D.to plant
21.The suspect admitted ________ the valuable vase after the detective showed him the proof.
A.stole B.to steal C.stealing D.steal
22.We had to ________ our prices because of the ________ costs.
A.raised, risen B.raise, rising C.rise, raising D.rise, risen
23.Habit formation (形成) is________ new methods that people get used to without thinking about them.
A.develop B.to develop C.developed D.to developing
24.It’s time for my brothers and ________ homework.
A.me to do B.me doing C.I to do D.I doing
25.— Ms. Wang, I have difficulty ________ the article.
— Remember ________ it three times at least.
A.to understand; reading B.understanding; reading
C.understanding; to read D.to understand; to read
26.Daniel didn’t know ________ about the 2025 Huai’an Marathon.
A.what to talk to B.what to talk C.who to talk to D.who to talk
27.Do you know ________?
A.how to deal with it B.what to deal with it
C.what to do with D.how to do with
28.The woman made his son _________ finally after she told him some jokes.
A.stop to cry B.to stop crying C.stopped crying D.stop crying
29.This pot of flowers on the balcony requires ________ on hot summer days.
A.to water B.watered C.watering D.be watered
30.The team ________ ten excellent players has a great chance of winning the championship.
A.consists of B.consisted of C.consisting of D.is consisted of
二、短文填空
1
阅读下面短文,根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
The Ugly Duckling is a fairy story. It tells about a little 31 (鸟). He looked very strange and ugly when he was born. He was 32 (不同) from his brothers and sisters because they all looked beautiful.
At the river, the ugly duckling swam well. But the other ducklings still 33 (告诉) him to go away and laughed at him. “Why are their feathers (羽毛) beautiful while 34 (我的) are black and grey?” the duckling said to himself. The 35 (可怜) duckling was very sad, so he wanted to search for a new home.
One day, the duckling met two animals. “May I stay with you?” he asked 36 (有礼貌). His voice sounded a little nervous because he really hoped to stay. But the 37 (猫) and the hen said no. They didn’t like him, either.
Some days later, the ugly duckling came to a lake. There, he saw 38 (六) beautiful swans (天鹅) with long necks and beautiful feathers. “I wish I looked like you!” he cried. “Look in the 39 (水)! My friend, you do look like us!” One of the swans said. The duckling looked down, and to his surprise, he saw that he was a beautiful 40 (白色) swan too!
Everyone has their own time to shine. We should not judge others by their appearances.
2
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Adolescence (青春期) is a difficult time for teenagers. It usually takes place when you are aged at thirteen and nineteen. As your body changes gradually, you also begin to think and feel 41 (different). For example, you used to be happy in the company of your parents. But now you need your own space and privacy (隐私) . In the past, your parents made most 42 (decide) for you, but now you want to decide almost everything for 43 (you) .
All these changes are quite natural. But it is important to make sure that the relationship with your parents may be affected. So what can you do 44 (make) sure that you get on well with your parents?
Firstly, your parents will feel much better if you let them know that you still love and value them. Remember that they have forever lost the little child you once 45 (be). They may not say so, 46 they are probably feeling a sense of loss.
Secondly, try to agree with your family rules. Maybe you shouldn’t 47 (allow) to watch TV for long or wear clothes you like. You feel these are unnecessary, but your 48 (parent) main purpose is just to keep you safe. Once you have agreed with the rules, try to obey them. Maybe you are not willing to let them know where you are, but make the effort anyway.
Finally, it’s all about communication. They have nothing against 49 (have) a rest. Just let them know where you are going, and ask for advice if you need it. The more connected they feel, the more trustful they 50 (become).
参考答案
一、
1.D
【解析】句意:双胞胎女孩总是一起练习打网球时玩得很开心。
考查动词非谓语用法。have fun doing sth.做某事很开心,因此动词需用动词-ing形式;practise doing sth.练习做某事,因此动词也需用动词-ing形式。故选D。
2.B
【解析】句意:据说这位著名歌手的最新歌曲很值得听。
考查“be worth”的用法。“be worth doing”表示“值得做”,主动形式表被动意义;“listen”是不及物动词,接宾语时需加介词“to”,即“listen to”。因此应用“listening to”,故选B。
3.C
【解析】句意:我从不怀疑歌曲《我和我的祖国》非常值得听。
考查宾语从句引导词和worth的用法。根据“I never doubt...the song My Motherland and I is well worth...”可知,第一空,在否定句“never doubt”中,宾语从句引导词应用that;第二空,be worth doing是固定搭配,意为“值得做”;但listen是不及物动词,接宾语“the song”时需加介词to,即“listen to the song”,此处需用listening to。故选C。
4.C
【解析】句意:他决定一生致力于防止污染,以便能幸福地生活。
考查动词短语和非谓语动词。“devote...to...”是固定搭配,意为“致力于……”,其中“to”是介词,后面接动词的-ing 形式,所以第一个空应填“to preventing”;“to live happily”是动词不定式短语,在这里作目的状语,表示“为了幸福地生活”;“prevent...from doing sth.”意思是“阻止……做某事”,不符合语境。故选C。
5.B
【解析】句意:这些天杰克似乎比你更忙,在为考试做准备。
考查形容词比较级和固定搭配。第一空,根据“than”可知,此处用比较级,seem是系动词,其后跟形容词作表语,所以第一空用形容词的比较级busier,排除A和D;第二空,be busy doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“忙于做某事”,所以第二空用getting。故选B。
6.B
【解析】句意:面对一个极其困难的局面,他必须在事业和家庭之间做出选择,阿诺德最终决定向他有经验的父母寻求宝贵的建议。
考查非谓语动词。Facing意为“面对”,表示主动;Faced“面对”,是过去分词;To face意为“去面对”,表示目的或将来;Having faced意为“已经面对”,表示完成且主动,均不符合被动语境。此处表达“Arnold被面对困境”的意思,此处作状语,用过去分词faced。故选B。
7.D
【解析】句意:彼得花很多时间看书。
考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”,固定用法,此处用动名词reading。故选D。
8.B
【解析】句意:——为了完成这座桥的建造,我们还应该注意其他什么?——天气的变化。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中“pay attention to”的宾语是“What else”,而“… building the bridge”是目的状语,即“为了完成建桥”。不定式“to do”可表目的,因此这里应用“to finish”。故选B。
9.D
【解析】句意:为了过上更好的生活,这位科学家一生致力于防止污染。
考查非谓语动词用法。分析句子结构可知,第一空表目的,需动词不定式作目的状语,故排除选项A和B,devote...to doing sth.“致力于做某事”,故第二空需动名词。故选D。
10.A
【解析】句意:他把自己所有的时间都用来让孩子们能接受更好的教育。
考查动词短语及非谓语动词的用法。devote...to doing sth.把……投入到做某事中,其中to是介词,后接动名词形式,所以第一空应填to making;make it possible for sb. to do sth.使某人做某事成为可能,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语,因此第二空应填to receive。故选A。
11.C
【解析】句意:上周,我们看到一只稀有的鸟在老橡树高处筑巢。
考查非谓语动词。see sb./sth. do sth.看到某人/某物做了某事;see sb./sth. doing sth.看到某人/某物正在做某事。根据“Last week, we saw a rare bird ... its nest high up in the old oak tree.”可知,动作发生在过去,是看到筑巢的全过程,用build。故选C。
12.D
【解析】句意:在过去的十年里,中国发生了巨大的变化,使其成为最强大的国家之一。
考查动词时态和非谓语动词用法。in the last ten years提示动作发生在过去并持续到现在,应使用现在完成时(have taken place);后半部分用现在分词(making)作伴随状语,表示变化带来的结果。故选D。
13.B
【解析】句意:当我感到心情低落时,我更喜欢绕着湖散步来让自己振作起来。
考查非谓语动词。prefer to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“更喜欢做某事”,所以第一个空应该用to walk;第二个空为动词不定式作目的状语,表示“绕着湖散步”的目的是“让自己振作起来”,所以应该用to cheer。故选B。
14.C
【解析】句意:这个小男孩自己修自行车有多困难啊!我会尽我所能帮助他。
考查非谓语动词。have difficulty doing sth.“做某事有困难”,固定词组,第一空应用动名词fixing;分析“I will do what I can...him.”可知,“what I can”是宾语从句,此处应表示“我”竭尽所能是为了帮助他,应用动词不定式作目的状语,第二空应填to help。故选C。
15.A
【解析】句意:我家的每个人都喜欢在电视上看比赛。
考查主谓一致、非谓语动词及词义辨析。根据句意可知,本句描述一般状况,故时态应用一般现在时;根据句子主语“Everyone”是不定代词可知,其作主语时谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,即应用enjoys;enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”;watch观看(电视节目、比赛等),强调观看的过程;read阅读(书籍、报纸等);see看见,强调看的结果。“喜欢在电视上看比赛”enjoy watching matches。故选A。
16.D
【解析】句意:他每天尽可能多地花时间练习说英语。
考查非谓语动词。根据“spends”可知,spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”,此空用动词-ing 形式;practise doing sth.“练习做某事”,practise后跟动名词。故选D。
17.D
【解析】句意:——你不知道我费了多大的劲才弄到两张票。——但这电影真的值得看两遍。
考查非谓语动词。have difficulty (in) doing sth“做某事有困难”,be worth doing sth“值得去做某事”,固定短语,两个空都用动名词作宾语。第二空用主动形式 seeing来表示被动意义,即这部电影值得被看。故选D。
18.A
【解析】句意:我决定努力学习英语,所以我持续看了两个小时的英语书。
考查非谓语动词。根据短语decide to do sth.“决定做某事”可知,第一空应填动词不定式to work;根据短语keep doing sth.“持续做某事”可知,第二空应选动名词reading。故选A。
19.D
【解析】句意:——你们在生日派对上玩得开心吗?——是的。我们可以随便吃各种美味的食物,喝各种饮料多开心啊。
考查动词短语和非谓语动词。have great fun“玩得很开心”,此处是感叹句,因此把名词“great fun”放在了“What”后,排除选项A和B;have great fun doing sth.“做某事很开心”,后面应用动名词“helping”作宾语。故选D。
20.D
【解析】句意:我计划在植树节种树。
考查非谓语动词。根据短语plan to do sth.“计划做某事”可知,空处应选动词不定式to plant。故选D。
21.C
【解析】句意:在侦探出示证据后,嫌疑人承认偷了那个贵重的花瓶。
考查非谓语动词。根据“The suspect admitted...the valuable vase”及选项可知,本句表示“嫌疑人承认偷了贵重的花瓶”,admit doing sth.表示“承认做了某事”。故选C。
22.B
【解析】句意:由于成本上涨,我们不得不提高价格。
考查动词辨析和非谓语动词。raised提高,raise的过去式和过去分词;risen上升了的,是“rise”的过去分词;raise提高,是及物动词;rising正在上升的,rise的现在分词;rise上升,是不及物动词;raising是“raise”的现在分词/动名词。第一空,“had to”后接动词原形,“raise”是及物动词,意为“提高”,符合“提高价格”的语境;第二空,“rising”是现在分词,作定语修饰“costs”,表示“正在上涨的”。故选B。
23.B
【解析】句意:习惯的形成是指去开发人们无需思考就能适应的一些新方法。
考查非谓语动词。develop动词原形;to develop动词不定式,表主动语意;developed动词过去分词,表被动语意; to developing是错误的形式;根据“is”是主句谓语动词可知,空处需填非谓语动词,作表语。句意表主动。故选B。
24.A
【解析】句意:是我和我的兄弟们做家庭作业的时候了。
考查代词辨析和动词不定式的用法。me我,宾格;I我,主格;to do动词不定式;doing现在分词。for是介词,后接人称代词宾格,排除C项和D项;It’s time to do sth.“到了该做某事的时候了”,是固定用法,排除B项。故选A。
25.C
【解析】句意:——王老师,我理解这篇文章有困难。——记住至少要读三遍。
考查非谓语动词。have difficulty (in) doing sth是固定搭配,表示“做某事有困难”,所以第一空用 understanding,故排除A和D;remember to do sth表示“记得要做某事(未做)”;remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事(已做)”。根据“Remember to read it three times at least”可推知此处强调“记得要去读(尚未读)”所以第二空用to read。故选C。
26.C
【解析】句意:丹尼尔不知道该跟谁谈论2025年淮安马拉松赛。
考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构和动词短语。根据题干和选项可知,此处应用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作宾语,表示“不知道该和谁谈论2025年淮安马拉松赛”,talk to sb. about sth.表示“和某人谈论某事”,talk to后接人,所以此处应用疑问词who指人。故选C。
27.A
【解析】句意:你知道如何处理它吗?
考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式。how to deal with it如何处理它,how”表示方式, deal with意为“处理”,后接宾语“it”构成完整表达;what to deal with it语法错误,deal with后直接接宾语,无需使用疑问词“what”;what to do with不完整,what to do with意为“如何处理……”,with后应接宾语;how to do with表述错误,do with通常与what搭配使用,且此处缺少宾语。故选A。
28.D
【解析】句意:这位女士给儿子讲了一些笑话后,终于让他停止哭泣了。
考查非谓语动词。stop to cry停下来去哭;to stop crying停止哭泣,不定式结构;stopped crying停止哭泣,过去式结构;stop crying停止哭泣,动词原形结构。根据“made his son…”可知,这里是make sb do sth表示“让某人做某事”,后接动词原形,排除B、C;stop doing sth表示“停止做某事”,stop to do sth表示“停下来去做另一件事”,此处指“停止哭泣”,应用stop crying。故选D。
29.C
【解析】句意:阳台上的这盆花在炎热的夏天需要浇水。
考查非谓语动词。根据“This pot of flowers on the balcony requires …on hot summer days.”可知,此处是指花需要被浇水,require后接动名词形式可表被动含义。故选C。
30.C
【解析】句意:由十名优秀球员组成的球队很有可能赢得冠军。
考查非谓语动词。The team与consist of是逻辑上的主动关系,此处应用现在分词作后置定语,consist of无被动形式。故选C。
二、
1
31.bird 32.different 33.told 34.mine 35.poor 36.politely 37.cat 38.six 39.water 40.white
【解析】本文讲述了《丑小鸭》的童话故事。一只外表丑陋的小鸟因与众不同而受到嘲笑,但在经历种种挫折后,最终发现自己其实是一只美丽的天鹅。故事告诉我们不应以貌取人,每个人都有自己闪光的时刻。
31.句意:它讲述了一只小鸟的故事。bird“鸟”,名词,a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填bird。
32.句意:他不同于他的兄弟姐妹,因为他们看起来都很漂亮。different“不同的”,形容词,短语be different from意为“与……不同”,此处表示他与他的兄弟姐妹不同。故填different。
33.句意:但是其他的小鸭子仍然叫他走开并且嘲笑他。tell“告诉”,动词,空格处与过去式“laughed”并列,所以空格处应填tell的过去式told。故填told。
34.句意:为什么他们的羽毛很漂亮,而我的却是黑灰色的?空格后没有名词,结合汉语提示可知,空格处应填名词性物主代词mine。故填mine。
35.句意:这只可怜的小鸭子很伤心,所以他想寻找一个新家。poor“可怜的”,形容词,作定语修饰名词“duckling”。故填poor。
36.句意:他礼貌地问道。politely“有礼貌地”,副词,用于修饰动词“asked”。故填politely。
37.句意:但猫和母鸡拒绝了。cat“猫”,名词。根据前文“two animals”可知,丑小鸭遇见了两只动物——一只猫和一只母鸡,所以空格处应填cat的单数形式。故填cat。
38.句意:在那里,他看到六只美丽的天鹅,长着长长的脖子和美丽的羽毛。six“六”,基数词。故填six。
39.句意:看看水里!water“水”,不可数名词。故填water。
40.句意:丑小鸭低头一看,惊讶地发现自己也是一只美丽的白天鹅!white“白色的”,形容词,作定语修饰名词“swan”。故填white。
2
41.differently 42.decisions 43.yourself 44.to make 45.were 46.but 47.be allowed 48.parents’ 49.having 50.will become
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了青少年在青春期的身心变化,以及如何通过表达关爱、遵守家庭规则、加强沟通来与父母保持良好关系。
41.句意:随着你的身体逐渐变化,你也开始以不同的方式思考和感受。设空处修饰动词think and feel,需用副词形式,different的副词是differently。故填differently。
42.句意:过去,你的父母为你做大多数决定,但现在你几乎想自己决定所有事情。most后接可数名词复数,decide的名词形式是decision,复数为decisions。故填decisions。
43.句意:过去,你的父母为你做大多数决定,但现在你几乎想自己决定所有事情。主语是you,此处表示“为你自己”,需用反身代词yourself。故填yourself。
44.句意:那么你能做些什么来确保和父母相处融洽呢?设空处表目的,需用动词不定式to make作目的状语。故填to make。
45.句意:记住,他们永远失去了你曾经的那个小孩。once提示此处用一般过去时,主语you对应的be动词过去式是were。故填were。
46.句意:他们可能不会这么说,但他们可能会有一种失落感。前后句是转折关系,需用连词but连接。故填but。
47.句意:也许你不被允许长时间看电视或穿你喜欢的衣服。you和allow是被动关系,shouldn’t后接“be + 过去分词”,allow的过去分词是allowed。故填be allowed。
48.句意:你觉得这些没必要,但你父母的主要目的只是保证你的安全。设空处修饰main purpose,需用名词所有格形式,parents的所有格是parents’。故填parents’。
49.句意:他们不反对休息。have nothing against后接动名词,have的动名词是having。故填having。
50.句意:他们感觉越有联结感,就会越信任你。“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”结构中,后半句表将来的结果,需用一般将来时will become。故填will become。
(
1
/
2
)学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$