考前押题06 概要写作题（期末复习专项训练）高一英语上学期沪外版

考前押题06 概要写作题(期末专项训练) 话题1 社会与自我 话题4 研究与发现 话题2 生活与健康 话题5 生态与自然 话题3 科技与生活 话题6 社会与服务 话题1 社会与自我 Passage 1 How to Develop Healthy Digital Habits In today’s digital world, teenagers spend increasing amounts of time on screens, which can negatively impact their physical and mental health. Developing healthy digital habits is essential for maintaining balance in life. The first step is to set clear boundaries for screen time. Experts recommend taking regular breaks using the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Turning off notifications during study time helps maintain concentration. Establishing “screen-free” zones, especially in bedrooms, can significantly improve sleep quality. Another important aspect is being mindful of online content. Following educational or inspirational accounts rather than those promoting unrealistic standards can boost mental well-being. Students should also schedule offline activities like sports, reading, or face-to-face socializing to maintain a healthy balance between virtual and real-world interactions. Parents and schools play a crucial role in modeling and teaching digital wellness. Open discussions about responsible technology use, cyberbullying prevention, and critical thinking about online information should be encouraged. Teachers can incorporate digital literacy into their curriculum to help students navigate the online world safely. By carrying out these strategies, teenagers can enjoy technology’s benefits while avoiding its risks. Healthy digital habits formed during school years will serve students well throughout their lives in our increasingly connected world. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 What Is Emotional Eating? Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of to satisfy hunger. We’ve all been there, finishing a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downing cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test. But when done a lot — especially without realizing it — emotional eating can affect weight, health, and overall well-being. Not many of us make the connection between eating and our feelings. But understanding what drives emotional eating can help people take steps to change it. One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it’s caused by negative feelings. Yes, people often turn to food when they’re stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious, or bored. But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine’s Day or the celebration of a holiday feast. Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events, like a death or a divorce. More often, though, it’s the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort or distraction in food. Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done. A kid who is given cookies as a way to stop crying may learn to link cookies with comfort. It’s not easy to “unlearn” patterns of emotional eating. But it is possible. And it starts with an awareness of what’s going on. We’re all emotional eaters to some extent (who hasn’t suddenly found room for dessert after a filling dinner?). But for some people, emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain. The trouble with emotional eating (aside from the health issues) is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it remain. And you often may feel worse about eating the amount or type of food you did. That’s why it helps to know the differences between physical hunger and emotional hunger. Next time you reach for a snack, check in and see which type of hunger is driving it. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 话题2 生活与健康 Passage 1 Combating Cyberbullying: A Guide for Adults to Protect and Support Children If you notice warning signs that a child may be involved in cyberbullying, take steps to investigate that child’s digital behavior. Adults should take action to handle cyberbullying: support the bullied child, address the bullying behavior of a participant, and show children that cyberbullying is taken seriously. Since cyberbullying happens online, responding to it requires different approaches. If you think that a child is involved in cyberbullying, there are several things you can do. The first thing parents can do is to recognize if there have been dramatic changes in mood or behavior. Try primarily to determine if these changes happen around a child’s use of digital devices. For example, if a child who was previously enthusiastic about using social media or playing online games suddenly becomes withdrawn or reluctant to engage with these activities, it could be a sign that they are experiencing cyberbullying. If you’ve confirmed that your child has been bullied, I advise you to ask questions to learn what is happening, how it started, and who is involved. Remember to keep a record of what your kid says, and take screenshots of harmful posts or content if possible. Most laws and policies note that bullying is a repeated behavior, so records help to document it. Most social media platforms and schools have clear policies and reporting processes. If a classmate is cyberbullying, report it to the school. You can also use social media platforms to report offensive content and have it removed. If a child has received physical threats, or if a potential crime or illegal behavior is occurring, report it to the police. Instant report can be crucial in preventing further harm and ensuring that the situation is addressed promptly and effectively. By acting quickly, you can help protect the victim from additional distress and potentially stop the bullying from escalating. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 Why can’t adults talk normally to babies? In scientific literature, baby talk is called “parentese”, and is a unique way of communicating with babies. It often involves using repetitive and exaggerated sounds, such as “cooing” and “goo-goo,” along with using diminutive words like “baby,” “binky,” or “blankie.” Adults also tend to speak more slowly and emphasize key words or phrases when engaging in baby talk. What’s the point of using such a ridiculous style of talking with babies? Why not just talk to a baby with normal speech, like we’d talk to another adult, or even a 5-year-old child? Primarily, we use baby talk to capture the baby’s attention. The dramatic vocalizations and facial expressions serve to engage the child’s focus by being distinct from all the other noise and visual stimuli around the baby. Remember, the brain of a newborn baby is still developing and needs different cues to engage and learn something. Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby. The gentle tone conveys affection, love, and care. As a result, in a way, it reassures the child by giving him a sense of security. Interestingly, there was a study where researchers tested 2,329 babies from 16 countries on their preference for this lively vocalization. Babies clearly prefer it when we “ooh” and “coo”. The study also revealed that babies from almost all cultures have an inborn love for baby talk. Baby talk tells the infants, “Hey! This speech is only for you, since you’re special,” and who doesn’t love that? It melts their sweet little hearts and warms ours. To support your baby’s development, try using baby talk regularly. Use a playful tone, make eye contact, and emphasize key words. These simple actions strengthen bonds and work a lot for their development. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 话题3 科技与生活 Passage 1 The Junkification of Our Culture The music historian Ted Gioia wrote an essay that for the past many years commercial pressures have been pushing many creative people to create entertainment. But now, Gioia observed, entertainment (super movies) is being swallowed up by distraction (TikTok, Instagram). Gioia wrote: “The tech platforms don’t want to find the next Michelangelo or Mozart. They want to create a world of junkies — because they will be dealers.” Each object of distraction lasts only a few seconds and doesn’t require any cognitive work; the audience just keeps scrolling, reaching for immediate gratification, but it fails to satisfy. It just puts you on a hamster wheel of looking for the next mild stimulus and pretty soon you’ re in the land of addiction. Big profit-driven companies don’t care. They have become sensational at arousing and manipulating our desires. By offering constant temptation, they threaten to reduce our capacity for self-control. The great volume of advice falls into two buckets. First, there is the self-binding bucket. Create rules so you don’t have easy access to the things that tempt you: No phones in school. No alcohol in the house. The carefully crafted rules are a barrier between yourself and the things that could derail your progress and harm your wellbeing. The second bucket is the higher desires bucket. That’s based on the premise that you usually can’t control a desire through sheer willpower. But you can replace a low desire with a higher desire. For example, pregnant women give up alcohol because the appeal of a drink is dwarfed by their love for their coming child. I imagine the cultural decline can be turned around if people can experience, at school or somewhere else, the emotional impact of a great film or a great novel. Once you’ve tasted the fine wine, it’s harder to settle for Kool-Aid. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 Mental work Many people believe that physical work is more exhausting than mental work. However, recent research in psychology has shown that mental work can be just as tiring as physical work. Mental work can be emotionally, cognitively (认知地) , and physically exhausting, leading to feelings of tiredness, burnout, and even physical discomfort. Mental work requires a lot of focus and attention, which consumes a significant amount of mental energy and willpower, especially when we engage in tasks requiring long periods of concentration. Complex thinking and cognitively demanding tasks can actually burn calories. According to some research, the average person burns about 320 calories on a typical day just from thinking. A lot of mental work can be emotionally wearing. People working in professions can experience emotional exhaustion due to the constant emotional demands of their jobs. Psychologists refer to this as emotional labor. It especially applies to jobs where we deal with many different people and personalities throughout the day, such as responding to customer complaints. These workers are asked to smile and be happy all day, even when they are overloaded, stressed, or depressed. To prevent mental exhaustion, it is important to recognize the signs of mental exhaustion and take proactive steps to prevent burnout. One of the most effective ways is to take regular breaks throughout the day, which can help us recharge our mental batteries, reduce stress, and increase our overall productivity. Furthermore, the key to a healthy work-life balance lies in setting boundaries between work and personal life, managing our workload, and prioritizing self-care activities like exercise. By taking care of our mental energy levels, we can improve our overall well-being and lead a more fulfilling life. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 话题4 研究与发现 Passage 1 How Generative AI Is Changing Creative Work Large language and image AI models, sometimes called generative AI or foundation models, have created a new set of opportunities for businesses and professionals that perform content creation. Experts have maintained that AI has the potential to revolutionize creative work. To begin with, it has realized automated content generation. Generative AI uses complex machine learning models to interpret and manipulate pre-existing data, thus generating content, such as articles, blog posts, or social media posts automatically. This can be a valuable time-saving tool for businesses and professional who create content on a regular basis. AI-generated content is also very likely to be of higher quality than content created by humans due to the fact that AI models are able to learn from a large amount of data and identify patterns that humans may not be able to see. For instance, through automated fact-checking, namely, automatically comparing the information to trusted sources and databases, generative AI can help ensure that information presented in articles or social media posts is accurate and truthful. AI models can generate a variety of content types, including text, images, and video, which helps businesses and professionals to create more diverse and interesting content that appeals to a wider range of people. Generative AI can help them personalize the content and boost customer engagement, too. One application could be in creating personalized email marketing campaigns. Businesses can employ AI powered software to achieve subject line and email body personalization and address recipients by their name or organization, which helps businesses’ widely-distributed general email feel more personal. Overall, while there are still challenges to be addressed in the development and implementation of these technologies, the potential benefits of AI in improving creative work are numerous and far-reaching. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 e-learning: Hazy past—better future? How much of an effect does technology have on students’ learning? A significant one, it seems, according to experts. Currently available technologies, the most important of which are computers and the Internet, apparently provide a learning environment in which problem-solving and intellectual enquiry can flourish. The process of learning in the classroom may become significantly more effective as students can deal with information on the computer. Or so the theory goes. My own viewpoint is rather different, I’m afraid. Computers have been around for two decades as part of school equipment. There are, of course, obstacles like costs to overcome, but it’s just a matter of time and effort. This is because schools have done what every organisation does when it sees an innovation—it applies the innovation to its existing model, which adds cost but doesn’t transform the standard classroom. We have, during that period, spent over $60 billion on them, but in my view they seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools. Content is king and the mode of delivery is irrelevant. If a teacher makes the subject matter interesting, it does not matter what, if any, equipment is used. However, change is on the horizon. I think student-centred learning will become the norm and transform education. Computers will pave the way for far more independent learning. Students who currently don’t have access to schools or teachers are now able to get online. They can study from home thanks to the fact that more learning programmes are being written for learners who are forced by their circumstances to be self-sufficient. This would prove especially beneficial in those areas of the world where quality education is limited or extremely expensive. Therefore, in a few years’ time we could have a completely different conversation about technology and its impact on learning. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 话题5 生态与自然 Passage 1 Lower Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine Life Oxygen in the oceans is being lost at an alarming rate, with “dead zones” expanding rapidly and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously exhausted, putting sharks, tuna, marlin and other large fish species at particular risk. Dead zones, where oxygen is effectively absent, have quadrupled(翻两番) in extent in the last half-century, and there are also at least 700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels, up from 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s. The reasons behind this environmental collapse are multiple. Among all, pollutants generated by the industrial world have been the most destructive force to cause the unbalance, including a rising tide of plastic waste, as well as other pollutants. Seas are about 26% more acidic than in pre-industrial times because of absorbing the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with damaging impacts on shellfish in particular. Low oxygen levels are also associated with global heating, because the warmer water holds less oxygen and the heating causes stratification(分层), so there is less of the vital mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor layers. Oceans are expected to lose about 3-4% of their oxygen by the end of this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels closest to the surface, where many species are concentrated, and in the mid to high latitudes. Another major cause for lower oxygen is intensive farming. When excess artificial fertilizer from crops, or wastes from the meat industry, runs off the land and into rivers and seas, it feeds algae(藻类) which bloom and then cause oxygen consumption as they die and decay. The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades, but little has been done to tackle it. Now is high time to take actions and help the oceans function better. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings. The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves. Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety-five would have the same effect. Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales. A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales’ ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected (感染). Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research. Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 话题6 社会与服务 Passage 1 If someone you know asks you nosy（爱管闲事的）questions, then you are not obliged to answer if you don’t want to. Here it is more important that you have some polite brush-off（拒绝）, but it is still not rude for you to refuse. If you think they shouldn’t have asked the question like “How much money do you earn?”， then I strongly recommend looking very shocked and saying “I can’t believe you just asked me that!” and either leaving them to get out of it or moving on yourself to another subject. If they try to press you by saying “I was just interested…” Then you can keep the shocked look and say “I’m not telling you that with as much emphasis as you like on the‘you’.” But what if the question isn’t quite so unforgivable? Then you need a more smiling response: “I can’t possibly tell you that” or “I’m not telling anyone that” or “Wouldn’t you like to know?” But you must stand firm, because otherwise they’ll never learn and will keep expecting you to tell them your innermost secrets. There is certainly never any need to tell your secrets just because someone else told theirs. There are questions that seem perfectly reasonable— “Are you planning to move?” , “Are you going to go back to work?” , “Are you going on holiday this year?”—but if answered truthfully might lead to unexpected revelations of something bad. Here you are free to tell white lies and say “We don’t know/haven’t decided yet/haven’t really thought about it”. Looking vague and changing the subject is the key here. If the question was reasonable, then it’s polite to embarrass the asker as little as possible—they were probably only making conversation in the first place. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 Why Gratitude Is Good for You? Gratitude is more than just saying ‘thank you’ to someone who has helped us or given us a gift. Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion. And this positive emotion can be good for our health -- our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. Let’s start by looking at the emotional or mental health benefits of expressing gratitude. There have been many studies, as described in a 2018 paper from the Greater Good Science Center titled ‘The Science of Gratitude’, showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person or writing in a gratitude journal, if done regularly, improves mental health. It is because gratitude stops us from thinking about toxic, negative emotions, and writing a ‘thank you’ letter, for example, shifts our attention so that we focus on positive emotions. But even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, like in a journal, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and more satisfied with life. And this gets better with time. So, the more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel. Gratitude can also make us feel good in our bodies. There are studies linking a gratitude practice to better sleep quality, better eating habits, and reduced inflammation in people who have had heart problems. So gratitude is clearly good for us, but is it also good for the people in our lives? The simple answer is ‘yes’. When shared — spoken or written — gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too. Feeling valued can help build stronger relationships — be it with family, partners, friends or even colleagues. And that’s on top of all the other ways gratitude is clearly good for us. Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前押题06 概要写作题(期末专项训练) 话题1 社会与自我 话题4 研究与发现 话题2 生活与健康 话题5 生态与自然 话题3 科技与生活 话题6 社会与服务 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 社会与自我 Passage 1 How to Develop Healthy Digital Habits In today’s digital world, teenagers spend increasing amounts of time on screens, which can negatively impact their physical and mental health. Developing healthy digital habits is essential for maintaining balance in life. The first step is to set clear boundaries for screen time. Experts recommend taking regular breaks using the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Turning off notifications during study time helps maintain concentration. Establishing “screen-free” zones, especially in bedrooms, can significantly improve sleep quality. Another important aspect is being mindful of online content. Following educational or inspirational accounts rather than those promoting unrealistic standards can boost mental well-being. Students should also schedule offline activities like sports, reading, or face-to-face socializing to maintain a healthy balance between virtual and real-world interactions. Parents and schools play a crucial role in modeling and teaching digital wellness. Open discussions about responsible technology use, cyberbullying prevention, and critical thinking about online information should be encouraged. Teachers can incorporate digital literacy into their curriculum to help students navigate the online world safely. By carrying out these strategies, teenagers can enjoy technology’s benefits while avoiding its risks. Healthy digital habits formed during school years will serve students well throughout their lives in our increasingly connected world. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage discusses the importance of developing healthy digital habits for teenagers. Key strategies include setting screen time limits, creating screen-free zones, choosing positive online content, and balancing online activities with offline ones. Parents and schools should promote digital wellness through education and open discussions. These habits help teens enjoy technology safely while maintaining physical and mental health. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章论述了培养青少年健康数字习惯的重要性。关键策略包括设定屏幕使用时间限制、创建无屏幕区域、选择积极的网络内容以及平衡线上活动与线下活动。家长和学校应当通过教育和开放的交流来促进数字健康。这些习惯有助于青少年安全地使用技术，同时保持身心健康。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Developing healthy digital habits is essential for maintaining balance in life. ②The first step is to set clear boundaries for screen time. Establishing “screen-free” zones, especially in bedrooms, can significantly improve sleep quality. Another important aspect is being mindful of online content. Students should also schedule offline activities like sports, reading, or face-to-face socializing to maintain a healthy balance between virtual and real-world interactions. ③Parents and schools play a crucial role in modeling and teaching digital wellness. ④By carrying out these strategies, teenagers can enjoy technology’s benefits while avoiding its risks. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The passage discusses the importance of developing healthy digital habits for teenagers. Key strategies include setting screen time limits, creating screen-free zones, choosing positive online content, and balancing online activities with offline ones. Parents and schools should promote digital wellness through education and open discussions. These habits help teens enjoy technology safely while maintaining physical and mental health. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The passage discusses the importance of developing healthy digital habits for teenagers.运用动名词作宾语原文第一段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] These habits help teens enjoy technology safely while maintaining physical and mental health.运用了状语从句的省略对最后一段进行了概括。 Passage 2 What Is Emotional Eating? Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of to satisfy hunger. We’ve all been there, finishing a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downing cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test. But when done a lot — especially without realizing it — emotional eating can affect weight, health, and overall well-being. Not many of us make the connection between eating and our feelings. But understanding what drives emotional eating can help people take steps to change it. One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it’s caused by negative feelings. Yes, people often turn to food when they’re stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious, or bored. But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine’s Day or the celebration of a holiday feast. Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events, like a death or a divorce. More often, though, it’s the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort or distraction in food. Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done. A kid who is given cookies as a way to stop crying may learn to link cookies with comfort. It’s not easy to “unlearn” patterns of emotional eating. But it is possible. And it starts with an awareness of what’s going on. We’re all emotional eaters to some extent (who hasn’t suddenly found room for dessert after a filling dinner?). But for some people, emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain. The trouble with emotional eating (aside from the health issues) is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it remain. And you often may feel worse about eating the amount or type of food you did. That’s why it helps to know the differences between physical hunger and emotional hunger. Next time you reach for a snack, check in and see which type of hunger is driving it. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Emotional eating can be harmful to people’s fitness. Generally, it’s produced by both negative and positive emotions, or even devastating blows, which, however, is mainly caused by numerous pressures in everyday life. We easily slide into emotional eating patterns, but we can avoid it if we have an insight into the real cause. To get rid of the troublesome results of emotional eating, we should learn to distinguish physical hunger from emotional hunger. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情绪性进食是人们用食物应对情绪而非满足饥饿的行为，频繁为之会影响健康，还说明了其与正负情绪、日常压力的关联及形成的习得性模式，指出认识这种行为并区分生理与情绪饥饿有助于改变。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Emotional eating, which is using food to deal with feelings instead of hunger, can be harmful to health when done frequently unconsciously. ②It is caused by not only negative feelings but also positive ones, and more often by daily stresses, sometimes major life events. ③Emotional eating patterns are learned and hard to unlearn, but possible with awareness. ④Distinguishing physical hunger from emotional hunger helps address its troublesome results. 2. 缜密构思 将第①点作为总起句，点明情绪性进食的定义及危害；将第②点作为其产生的原因（正负情绪及日常压力等）；将第③、④点整合为改变这种行为的可能性及方法（了解原因、区分两种饥饿）。 3. 遣词造句 Emotional eating can be harmful to people’s fitness. Generally, it’s produced by both negative and positive emotions, or even devastating blows, which, however, is mainly caused by numerous pressures in everyday life. We easily slide into emotional eating patterns, but we can avoid it if we have an insight into the real cause. To get rid of the troublesome results of emotional eating, we should learn to distinguish physical hunger from emotional hunger. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Generally, it’s produced by both negative and positive emotions, or even devastating blows, which, however, is mainly caused by numerous pressures in everyday life.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] We easily slide into emotional eating patterns, but we can avoid it if we have an insight into the real cause.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 话题2 生活与健康 Passage 1 Combating Cyberbullying: A Guide for Adults to Protect and Support Children If you notice warning signs that a child may be involved in cyberbullying, take steps to investigate that child’s digital behavior. Adults should take action to handle cyberbullying: support the bullied child, address the bullying behavior of a participant, and show children that cyberbullying is taken seriously. Since cyberbullying happens online, responding to it requires different approaches. If you think that a child is involved in cyberbullying, there are several things you can do. The first thing parents can do is to recognize if there have been dramatic changes in mood or behavior. Try primarily to determine if these changes happen around a child’s use of digital devices. For example, if a child who was previously enthusiastic about using social media or playing online games suddenly becomes withdrawn or reluctant to engage with these activities, it could be a sign that they are experiencing cyberbullying. If you’ve confirmed that your child has been bullied, I advise you to ask questions to learn what is happening, how it started, and who is involved. Remember to keep a record of what your kid says, and take screenshots of harmful posts or content if possible. Most laws and policies note that bullying is a repeated behavior, so records help to document it. Most social media platforms and schools have clear policies and reporting processes. If a classmate is cyberbullying, report it to the school. You can also use social media platforms to report offensive content and have it removed. If a child has received physical threats, or if a potential crime or illegal behavior is occurring, report it to the police. Instant report can be crucial in preventing further harm and ensuring that the situation is addressed promptly and effectively. By acting quickly, you can help protect the victim from additional distress and potentially stop the bullying from escalating. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The passage provides strategies for adults to tackle cyberbullying affecting children. It advises monitoring changes in a child’s behavior, documenting incidents, and utilizing school and social media reporting processes. In cases of physical threats, prompt reporting to police is essential to prevent further harm and resolve the situation effectively. 【导语】本文是说明文。文章旨在向成年人提供关于如何识别和应对儿童网络欺凌的指导，包括识别网络欺凌的迹象、如何与孩子沟通了解情况、记录证据、以及通过不同渠道（如学校、社交媒体平台、警方）进行报告和处理的方法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①If you notice warning signs that a child may be involved in cyberbullying, take steps to investigate that child’s digital behavior. ②If you think that a child is involved in cyberbullying, there are several things you can do. ③The first thing parents can do is to recognize if there have been dramatic changes in mood or behavior. ④Remember to keep a record of what your kid says, and take screenshots of harmful posts or content if possible. ⑤Most social media platforms and schools have clear policies and reporting processes. ⑥If a child has received physical threats, or if a potential crime or illegal behavior is occurring, report it to the police. 2. 缜密构思 提出1、2句的主旨，将3、4、5、6句进行重组整合 3. 遣词造句 The passage provides strategies for adults to tackle cyberbullying affecting children. It advises monitoring changes in a child’s behavior, documenting incidents, and utilizing school and social media reporting processes. In cases of physical threats, prompt reporting to police is essential to prevent further harm and resolve the situation effectively. 【点睛】[高分句型1]It advises monitoring changes in a child’s behavior, documenting incidents, and utilizing school and social media reporting processes.(动名词作宾语) [高分句型2]In cases of physical threats, prompt reporting to police is essential to prevent further harm and resolve the situation effectively.(动名词作主语) Passage 2 Why can’t adults talk normally to babies? In scientific literature, baby talk is called “parentese”, and is a unique way of communicating with babies. It often involves using repetitive and exaggerated sounds, such as “cooing” and “goo-goo,” along with using diminutive words like “baby,” “binky,” or “blankie.” Adults also tend to speak more slowly and emphasize key words or phrases when engaging in baby talk. What’s the point of using such a ridiculous style of talking with babies? Why not just talk to a baby with normal speech, like we’d talk to another adult, or even a 5-year-old child? Primarily, we use baby talk to capture the baby’s attention. The dramatic vocalizations and facial expressions serve to engage the child’s focus by being distinct from all the other noise and visual stimuli around the baby. Remember, the brain of a newborn baby is still developing and needs different cues to engage and learn something. Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby. The gentle tone conveys affection, love, and care. As a result, in a way, it reassures the child by giving him a sense of security. Interestingly, there was a study where researchers tested 2,329 babies from 16 countries on their preference for this lively vocalization. Babies clearly prefer it when we “ooh” and “coo”. The study also revealed that babies from almost all cultures have an inborn love for baby talk. Baby talk tells the infants, “Hey! This speech is only for you, since you’re special,” and who doesn’t love that? It melts their sweet little hearts and warms ours. To support your baby’s development, try using baby talk regularly. Use a playful tone, make eye contact, and emphasize key words. These simple actions strengthen bonds and work a lot for their development. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Adults use baby talk, a distinctive speech, to engage with babies for several reasons. First, it captures their attention through expressive facial expressions and vocalizations. Second, it builds emotional bonds, providing a sense of security. Research indicates that babies, regardless of cultural background, instinctively prefer baby talk. So make it part of your interaction. (54 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了成年人使用婴儿语（一种独特的语言）与婴儿互动有几个原因。首先，它通过富有表现力的面部表情和发声来吸引他们的注意力。其次，它建立情感纽带，提供安全感。研究表明，无论文化背景如何，婴儿本能地喜欢婴儿语。所以让它成为你们互动的一部分。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①In scientific literature, baby talk is called “parentese”, and is a unique way of communicating with babies. Adults also tend to speak more slowly and emphasize key words or phrases when engaging in baby talk. What’s the point of using such a ridiculous style of talking with babies? ②Primarily, we use baby talk to capture the baby’s attention. The dramatic vocalizations and facial expressions serve to engage the child’s focus by being distinct from all the other noise and visual stimuli around the baby. ③Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby. The gentle tone conveys affection, love, and care. As a result, in a way, it reassures the child by giving him a sense of security. ④Interestingly, there was a study where researchers tested 2,329 babies from 16 countries on their preference for this lively vocalization. Babies clearly prefer it when we “ooh” and “coo”. To support your baby’s development, try using baby talk regularly. Use a playful tone, make eye contact, and emphasize key words. These simple actions strengthen bonds and work a lot for their development. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Adults use baby talk, a distinctive speech, to engage with babies for several reasons. First, it captures their attention through expressive facial expressions and vocalizations. Second, it builds emotional bonds, providing a sense of security. Research indicates that babies, regardless of cultural background, instinctively prefer baby talk. So make it part of your interaction. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Second, it builds emotional bonds, providing a sense of security.运用现在分词作状语对原文第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Research indicates that babies, regardless of cultural background, instinctively prefer baby talk.运用了that引导宾语从句对倒数第二段段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 话题3 科技与生活 Passage 1 The Junkification of Our Culture The music historian Ted Gioia wrote an essay that for the past many years commercial pressures have been pushing many creative people to create entertainment. But now, Gioia observed, entertainment (super movies) is being swallowed up by distraction (TikTok, Instagram). Gioia wrote: “The tech platforms don’t want to find the next Michelangelo or Mozart. They want to create a world of junkies — because they will be dealers.” Each object of distraction lasts only a few seconds and doesn’t require any cognitive work; the audience just keeps scrolling, reaching for immediate gratification, but it fails to satisfy. It just puts you on a hamster wheel of looking for the next mild stimulus and pretty soon you’ re in the land of addiction. Big profit-driven companies don’t care. They have become sensational at arousing and manipulating our desires. By offering constant temptation, they threaten to reduce our capacity for self-control. The great volume of advice falls into two buckets. First, there is the self-binding bucket. Create rules so you don’t have easy access to the things that tempt you: No phones in school. No alcohol in the house. The carefully crafted rules are a barrier between yourself and the things that could derail your progress and harm your wellbeing. The second bucket is the higher desires bucket. That’s based on the premise that you usually can’t control a desire through sheer willpower. But you can replace a low desire with a higher desire. For example, pregnant women give up alcohol because the appeal of a drink is dwarfed by their love for their coming child. I imagine the cultural decline can be turned around if people can experience, at school or somewhere else, the emotional impact of a great film or a great novel. Once you’ve tasted the fine wine, it’s harder to settle for Kool-Aid. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Commercial pressures and tech platforms are junkifying culture by pushing distraction. This leads to addiction and self-control loss. Advice includes self-binding and replacing low desires. Cultural decline may reverse with exposure to great works. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，商业压力和科技平台通过分散注意力使文化垃圾化。这会导致上瘾和自我控制能力的丧失。建议包括自我约束和取代低级欲望。文化的衰落可能会随着接触伟大作品而逆转。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①The music historian Ted Gioia wrote an essay that for the past many years commercial pressures have been pushing many creative people to create entertainment. But now, Gioia observed, entertainment (super movies) is being swallowed up by distraction (TikTok, Instagram). ②It just puts you on a hamster wheel of looking for the next mild stimulus and pretty soon you’ re in the land of addiction. By offering constant temptation, they threaten to reduce our capacity for self-control. ③First, there is the self-binding bucket. The second bucket is the higher desires bucket. ④I imagine the cultural decline can be turned around if people can experience, at school or somewhere else, the emotional impact of a great film or a great novel. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Commercial pressures and tech platforms are junkifying culture by pushing distraction. This leads to addiction and self-control loss. Advice includes self-binding and replacing low desires. Cultural decline may reverse with exposure to great works. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Commercial pressures and tech platforms are junkifying culture by pushing distraction.运用现在进行时和动名词作宾语对原文第一段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Advice includes self-binding and replacing low desires.用动名词作宾语对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 Passage 2 Mental work Many people believe that physical work is more exhausting than mental work. However, recent research in psychology has shown that mental work can be just as tiring as physical work. Mental work can be emotionally, cognitively (认知地) , and physically exhausting, leading to feelings of tiredness, burnout, and even physical discomfort. Mental work requires a lot of focus and attention, which consumes a significant amount of mental energy and willpower, especially when we engage in tasks requiring long periods of concentration. Complex thinking and cognitively demanding tasks can actually burn calories. According to some research, the average person burns about 320 calories on a typical day just from thinking. A lot of mental work can be emotionally wearing. People working in professions can experience emotional exhaustion due to the constant emotional demands of their jobs. Psychologists refer to this as emotional labor. It especially applies to jobs where we deal with many different people and personalities throughout the day, such as responding to customer complaints. These workers are asked to smile and be happy all day, even when they are overloaded, stressed, or depressed. To prevent mental exhaustion, it is important to recognize the signs of mental exhaustion and take proactive steps to prevent burnout. One of the most effective ways is to take regular breaks throughout the day, which can help us recharge our mental batteries, reduce stress, and increase our overall productivity. Furthermore, the key to a healthy work-life balance lies in setting boundaries between work and personal life, managing our workload, and prioritizing self-care activities like exercise. By taking care of our mental energy levels, we can improve our overall well-being and lead a more fulfilling life. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Recent research reveals mental work can be as tiring as physical labor, for it demands focus, consumes mental energy and burns calories. Much mental work also leads to emotional exhaustion caused by constant emotional demands. To prevent this, steps like regular breaks and maintaining a work-life balance are essential. (51words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，脑力劳动可能和体力劳动一样累人，因为它需要集中注意力，消耗脑力，燃烧卡路里。大量的脑力劳动也会导致持续的情感需求所导致的情感疲惫。为了防止这种情况，定期休息和保持工作与生活的平衡是必不可少的。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① Many people believe that physical work is more exhausting than mental work. However, recent research has shown that mental work can be just as tiring as physical work. ② Mental work requires focus and attention, consuming mental energy and willpower, and can even burn calories. ③ A lot of mental work can be emotionally wearing, leading to emotional exhaustion. ④ To prevent mental exhaustion, take regular breaks, maintain a work-life balance, and prioritize self-care. 2. 缜密构思 将第1点作为引言，概括文章主题；将第2、3点合并，阐述脑力劳动导致疲劳的原因；将第4点作为结论，提出预防脑力疲劳的方法。 3. 遣词造句 Recent research indicates that mental work can be equally tiring as physical labor. This is because mental work demands concentration, consumes mental energy, and can even lead to emotional exhaustion due to constant emotional demands. To avoid this, taking regular breaks and maintaining a healthy work-life balance are crucial. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Recent research reveals mental work can be as tiring as physical labor, for it demands focus, consumes mental energy and burns calories. （运用了for引导的原因状语从句） [高分句型2] Much mental work also leads to emotional exhaustion caused by constant emotional demands. （运用了过去分词作定语）。 话题4 研究与发现 Passage 1 How Generative AI Is Changing Creative Work Large language and image AI models, sometimes called generative AI or foundation models, have created a new set of opportunities for businesses and professionals that perform content creation. Experts have maintained that AI has the potential to revolutionize creative work. To begin with, it has realized automated content generation. Generative AI uses complex machine learning models to interpret and manipulate pre-existing data, thus generating content, such as articles, blog posts, or social media posts automatically. This can be a valuable time-saving tool for businesses and professional who create content on a regular basis. AI-generated content is also very likely to be of higher quality than content created by humans due to the fact that AI models are able to learn from a large amount of data and identify patterns that humans may not be able to see. For instance, through automated fact-checking, namely, automatically comparing the information to trusted sources and databases, generative AI can help ensure that information presented in articles or social media posts is accurate and truthful. AI models can generate a variety of content types, including text, images, and video, which helps businesses and professionals to create more diverse and interesting content that appeals to a wider range of people. Generative AI can help them personalize the content and boost customer engagement, too. One application could be in creating personalized email marketing campaigns. Businesses can employ AI powered software to achieve subject line and email body personalization and address recipients by their name or organization, which helps businesses’ widely-distributed general email feel more personal. Overall, while there are still challenges to be addressed in the development and implementation of these technologies, the potential benefits of AI in improving creative work are numerous and far-reaching. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Generative AI models automate content creation, saving time for businesses. Because AI-generated content is often of higher quality, with automated fact-checking ensuring accuracy, it surpasses human-created content in many cases. These models produce diverse content types and personalize them, boosting customer engagement. Although there are challenges to overcome, AI undoubtedly offers numerous benefits for improving creative work. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生成式人工智能（Generative AI）如何改变创意工作，阐述了其自动化内容生成、提高内容质量、多样化内容类型以及个性化内容等方面的应用和优势，同时也提到了技术发展和实施中存在的挑战。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①To begin with, it has realized automated content generation. ②This can be a valuable time-saving tool for businesses and professional who create content on a regular basis. ③AI-generated content is also very likely to be of higher quality than content created by humans due to the fact that AI models are able to learn from a large amount of data and identify patterns that humans may not be able to see. ④AI models can generate a variety of content types, including text, images, and video, which helps businesses and professionals to create more diverse and interesting content that appeals to a wider range of people. ⑤Overall, while there are still challenges to be addressed in the development and implementation of these technologies, the potential benefits of AI in improving creative work are numerous and far-reaching. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4、5三个要点进行重组。 3. 遣词造句 Generative AI models automate content creation, saving time for businesses. These models produce diverse content types and personalize them, boosting customer engagement. Although there are challenges to overcome, AI undoubtedly offers numerous benefits for improving creative work. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Because AI-generated content is often of higher quality, with automated fact-checking ensuring accuracy, it surpasses human-created content in many cases. (Because引导的原因状语从句) 【高分句型2】Although there are challenges to overcome, AI undoubtedly offers numerous benefits for improving creative work. (Although引导的让步状语从句) Passage 2 e-learning: Hazy past—better future? How much of an effect does technology have on students’ learning? A significant one, it seems, according to experts. Currently available technologies, the most important of which are computers and the Internet, apparently provide a learning environment in which problem-solving and intellectual enquiry can flourish. The process of learning in the classroom may become significantly more effective as students can deal with information on the computer. Or so the theory goes. My own viewpoint is rather different, I’m afraid. Computers have been around for two decades as part of school equipment. There are, of course, obstacles like costs to overcome, but it’s just a matter of time and effort. This is because schools have done what every organisation does when it sees an innovation—it applies the innovation to its existing model, which adds cost but doesn’t transform the standard classroom. We have, during that period, spent over $60 billion on them, but in my view they seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools. Content is king and the mode of delivery is irrelevant. If a teacher makes the subject matter interesting, it does not matter what, if any, equipment is used. However, change is on the horizon. I think student-centred learning will become the norm and transform education. Computers will pave the way for far more independent learning. Students who currently don’t have access to schools or teachers are now able to get online. They can study from home thanks to the fact that more learning programmes are being written for learners who are forced by their circumstances to be self-sufficient. This would prove especially beneficial in those areas of the world where quality education is limited or extremely expensive. Therefore, in a few years’ time we could have a completely different conversation about technology and its impact on learning. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although experts say modern technology has a significant effect on classroom learning, the writer holds a different view. Schools have invested much to apply computers in their classroom teaching, but it hasn’t changed the classroom teaching because what teachers teach is more important. But computers make it possible for those with no access to school to study on their own. 【分析】这是一篇概要写作。 【详解】写作步骤 1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了尽管专家说现代技术对课堂学习有显著的影响，作者却持有不同的观点。学校投入了大量资金将计算机应用到课堂教学中，但这并没有改变课堂教学，因为老师教什么更重要。但是计算机使那些不能上学的人能够自学。 2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。 3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。 4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点： （1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。 （2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。 （3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。 （4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。 （5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。 话题5 生态与自然 Passage 1 Lower Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine Life Oxygen in the oceans is being lost at an alarming rate, with “dead zones” expanding rapidly and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously exhausted, putting sharks, tuna, marlin and other large fish species at particular risk. Dead zones, where oxygen is effectively absent, have quadrupled(翻两番) in extent in the last half-century, and there are also at least 700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels, up from 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s. The reasons behind this environmental collapse are multiple. Among all, pollutants generated by the industrial world have been the most destructive force to cause the unbalance, including a rising tide of plastic waste, as well as other pollutants. Seas are about 26% more acidic than in pre-industrial times because of absorbing the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with damaging impacts on shellfish in particular. Low oxygen levels are also associated with global heating, because the warmer water holds less oxygen and the heating causes stratification(分层), so there is less of the vital mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor layers. Oceans are expected to lose about 3-4% of their oxygen by the end of this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels closest to the surface, where many species are concentrated, and in the mid to high latitudes. Another major cause for lower oxygen is intensive farming. When excess artificial fertilizer from crops, or wastes from the meat industry, runs off the land and into rivers and seas, it feeds algae(藻类) which bloom and then cause oxygen consumption as they die and decay. The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades, but little has been done to tackle it. Now is high time to take actions and help the oceans function better. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Oxygen levels in the oceans are dropping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pollutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbon dioxide, are the deadliest causes. Global warming is another cause. Finally intensive farming is also to blame for oxygen loss, because its wastes feeds algae, which consumes lots of oxygen. Measures should be taken to tackle this neglected threat. Oxygen levels in the oceans are dropping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pollutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbon dioxide, are the deadliest causes. Besides, global warming is responsible as it leads to lower oxygen storage and stratification. Finally, intensive farming also results in the oxygen loss. Measures should be taken to tackle this neglected threat. 【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括海洋中的含氧量正在迅速下降，危及海洋生物。工业污染物，尤其是塑料废物和二氧化碳的增加，是最致命的原因，全球变暖是另一个原因，最后，精耕细作也是氧气流失的罪魁祸首，因为它的废物喂养藻类，藻类消耗大量氧气，我们应采取措施应对这一被忽视的威胁。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。 【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。 2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。 3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。 4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。 Passage 2 Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings. The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves. Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety-five would have the same effect. Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales. A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales’ ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected (感染). Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research. Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Some scientific studies have indicated that the noise pollution caused by human activities is an increasing threat to ocean animals, though further research is required to get more specific information. Therefore, to protect ocean animals from being further hurt, it is suggested that a noise limit in oceans should be set. 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了声音污染对海洋生物的影响。一些科学家建议将海洋噪音限制在120分贝以内，但研究海洋声音的研究人员却认为这意味着很多海洋科学研究的结束。因此对于海洋噪音对海洋动物造成伤害的界限仍然有点模糊。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings. ② Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. ③Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. ④Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. 2. 缜密构思 第1个要点总起介绍相关概念，第2、3个要点是并列关系，分别陈述了关于海洋噪音120分贝的两方意见，第4个要点对全文进行总结归纳，阐述现在所面临的问题。 3. 遣词造句 ①Some scientific studies have indicated that the noise pollution caused by human activities is an increasing threat to ocean animals ②+③further research is required to get more specific information. ④ to protect ocean animals from being further hurt, it is suggested that a noise limit in oceans should be set. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Some scientific studies have indicated that the noise pollution caused by human activities is an increasing threat to ocean animals（that引导宾语从句） [高分句型2] it is suggested that a noise limit in oceans should be set.（it作形式主语） 话题6 社会与服务 Passage 1 If someone you know asks you nosy（爱管闲事的）questions, then you are not obliged to answer if you don’t want to. Here it is more important that you have some polite brush-off（拒绝）, but it is still not rude for you to refuse. If you think they shouldn’t have asked the question like “How much money do you earn?”， then I strongly recommend looking very shocked and saying “I can’t believe you just asked me that!” and either leaving them to get out of it or moving on yourself to another subject. If they try to press you by saying “I was just interested…” Then you can keep the shocked look and say “I’m not telling you that with as much emphasis as you like on the‘you’.” But what if the question isn’t quite so unforgivable? Then you need a more smiling response: “I can’t possibly tell you that” or “I’m not telling anyone that” or “Wouldn’t you like to know?” But you must stand firm, because otherwise they’ll never learn and will keep expecting you to tell them your innermost secrets. There is certainly never any need to tell your secrets just because someone else told theirs. There are questions that seem perfectly reasonable— “Are you planning to move?” , “Are you going to go back to work?” , “Are you going on holiday this year?”—but if answered truthfully might lead to unexpected revelations of something bad. Here you are free to tell white lies and say “We don’t know/haven’t decided yet/haven’t really thought about it”. Looking vague and changing the subject is the key here. If the question was reasonable, then it’s polite to embarrass the asker as little as possible—they were probably only making conversation in the first place. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If asked nosy questions, you can ignore them politely or refuse to answer them.（要点1）For unforgivable questions, you can strongly express your unwillingness to answer them.（要点2）For not-so-unforgivable questions, you must be firm to say you cannot answer them.（要点3）For reasonable questions which may reveal something bad, you can tell white lies or give vague answer.（要点4） 【分析】这是一篇概要写作。文章主要就面对那些该管闲事的问题的提供了一些处理方法。 【详解】通读全文，我们可以从一下四方面对文章进行概括：1.如果你被问到一些爱管闲事的问题，你可以礼貌地忽略它们或者拒绝回答它们。2.对于不可原谅的问题，你可以明确表示不愿意回答。3.对于不那么不可原谅的问题，你必须坚定地说你不能回答。4.对于那些可能会揭露坏事的合理的问题，你可以善意地说谎或给出含糊的回答。 在写作时要特别注意下面几点： （1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。 （2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。 （3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。 （4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。 （5）看是否符合规定的词数要求。 Passage 2 Why Gratitude Is Good for You? Gratitude is more than just saying ‘thank you’ to someone who has helped us or given us a gift. Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion. And this positive emotion can be good for our health -- our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. Let’s start by looking at the emotional or mental health benefits of expressing gratitude. There have been many studies, as described in a 2018 paper from the Greater Good Science Center titled ‘The Science of Gratitude’, showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person or writing in a gratitude journal, if done regularly, improves mental health. It is because gratitude stops us from thinking about toxic, negative emotions, and writing a ‘thank you’ letter, for example, shifts our attention so that we focus on positive emotions. But even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, like in a journal, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and more satisfied with life. And this gets better with time. So, the more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel. Gratitude can also make us feel good in our bodies. There are studies linking a gratitude practice to better sleep quality, better eating habits, and reduced inflammation in people who have had heart problems. So gratitude is clearly good for us, but is it also good for the people in our lives? The simple answer is ‘yes’. When shared — spoken or written — gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too. Feeling valued can help build stronger relationships — be it with family, partners, friends or even colleagues. And that’s on top of all the other ways gratitude is clearly good for us. Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gratitude, which is a deeper appreciation for someone or something, is good for our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. The more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel about ourselves, and the healthier our body will be. Furthermore, when shared, gratitude helps others feel valued. So let’s count our blessings! 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表达感激对我们身心的带来好处。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion. ②And this positive emotion can be good for our health -- our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. ④So, the more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel. ⑤Gratitude can also make us feel good in our bodies. ⑥So gratitude is clearly good for us, but is it also good for the people in our lives?T ⑦When shared — spoken or written — gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too. ⑧Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead. 2.缜密构思 合并要点①②，这两点是总括文章的主旨——感激的益处；重组④⑤要点——对精神和身体健康有好处；重组⑥⑦——对他人的好处。 3.遣词造句 Gratitude, which is a deeper appreciation for someone or something, is good for our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. The more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel about ourselves, and the healthier our body will be. Furthermore, when shared, gratitude helps others feel valued. So let’s count our blessings! 【点睛】[高分句型1] Gratitude, which is a deeper appreciation for someone or something, is good for our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] Furthermore, when shared, gratitude helps others feel valued.（运用了状语从句的省略） $