考前押题04 选词填空题（期末复习专项训练）高一英语上学期沪外版

考前押题04 选词填空题(期末专项训练) 话题1 学校与教育 话题4 社会与文化 话题2 运动与健康 话题5 生态与自然 话题3 文学与艺术 话题6 科学与技术 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 学校与教育 Passage 1 A．demonstration        B．conversation        C． escaped            D．marching        E. campaigning F. reluctantly     G. absorbing         H. participated       I. prohibited     J. completely K. exhaustion The summer heat has reached its breaking point for a group of high school students in Wales, as the boys decided to protest their school’s strict uniform policy which 1 wearing shorts no matter what weather, by showing up to school in skirts. After they 2 to the bathroom to change into all-black skirts, seventeen White church High School students emerged wearing skirts on campus, and they 3 in the campaign to resist the customary uniform trousers. The boys’ 4 was less an act of politically urged civil disobedience than it was a way to beat the heat. While none of the boys were punished for their protesting efforts, the movement was short-lived. After proudly 5 into the headmaster’s office shouting “we want to wear shorts”, they were quickly ordered to change back into trousers. “We had a 6 with some boys and they have worn trousers,” said Principal Jones Williams. Protester Tyrone Evelyn, 15, told Wales Online that the group would continue 7 for a change. “It’s just appropriate for the weather. Over the last few days I’ve had a few headaches and skin irritations. Girls can wear skirts, so I don’t see why we can’t wear shorts. It’s a reasonable protest.” The boys 8 agreed to write a letter to their Students’ Union, applying for a rule change by next summer. Heat 9 and heat stroke are the two most common illnesses that occur when temperature rises. According to Mayo Clinic, wearing loose-fitting and light-colored clothing helps protected person from trapping sweat or 10 too much heat. 【答案】 1．I 2．C 3．H 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．E 8．J 9．K 10．G 【导语】本文的体裁属于新闻报道。文章简洁明了地报道了一群威尔士高中生通过穿裙子来抗议学校校服政策，要求允许在炎热天气穿短裤的事件，以及事件的结果。 1．考查动词时态。句意：对于威尔士的一群高中生来说，夏天的炎热已经到了极限，男孩们决定穿裙子去上学，以抗议学校严格的校服政策——无论什么天气都禁止穿短裤。此处为定语从句谓语动词，表示“禁止”穿短裤，且由上文谓语decided可知，事情发生在过去，which引导的定语从句时态用一般过去时，因此用prohibit“禁止”的过去式prohibited。故选I项。 2．考查动词时态。句意：在他们逃到浴室换上全黑的裙子后，17名白人教会高中的学生穿着裙子出现在校园里，他们参加了抵制传统制服裤子的运动。此处为时间状语从句谓语动词，根据语境，他们需要去洗手间换上全黑的裙子，因此应该是“逃到”洗手间去换衣服，且由主句谓语emerged可知，事情发生在过去，从句时态用一般过去时，用escape“逃离”的过去式escaped。故选C项。 3．考查动词时态。句意：在他们逃到浴室换上全黑的裙子后，17名白人教会高中的学生穿着裙子出现在校园里，他们参加了抵制传统制服裤子的运动。此处为谓语动词，由in the campaign可知，他们参加了抵制传统校服裤子的运动，且由并列谓语emerged可知，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，因此用participate“参加”的过去式participated。participate in“参加”为固定搭配。故选H项。 4．考查名词。句意：男孩们的这一行为与其说是一场政治驱动的公民抗命行动，不如说是一种应对高温的方式。由The boys’可知，此处需要一个名词，作为句子的主语，表示“行为”或“示威”，因此用demonstration“示威”。故选A项。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们骄傲地走进校长办公室，喊着“我们要穿短裤”，但很快就被要求换回长裤。介词After后需要一个动名词形式，与“into the headmaster’s office”搭配，表示一种动态的进入方式，因此用march的动名词marching，march into“行进，进入”为固定搭配。故选D项。 6．考查名词。句意：校长琼斯·威廉姆斯说：“我们和一些男孩进行了交谈，现在他们已经穿回了长裤。”由空前的a可知，此处需要一个名词，表示“交谈”，作为had的宾语，因用名词conversation“交谈，谈话”。故选B项。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：抗议者Tyrone Evelyn，15岁，告诉Wales Online，这群人会继续为改变而运动。continue doing sth.“继续做某事”，且此处需要一个动名词形式，表示“参与活动，运动”，因此用campaign“参加运动”的动名词campaigning。故选E项。 8．考查副词。句意：男孩们完全同意给学生会写一封信，申请在明年夏天之前改变规定。这里需要一个副词来修饰“同意”，因此用completely“完全地”，作状语。故选J项。 9．考查名词。句意：热衰竭和中暑是气温升高时最常见的两种疾病。由空后的when temperature rises可知，这里表示由于高温而造成的疾病，heat exhaustion表示“热衰竭”，是一种因长时间暴露在高温环境中而引起的疾病，用名词exhaustion。故选K项。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据Mayo Clinic的说法，穿宽松和浅色的衣服有助于保护人们不出汗或吸收过多的热量。protect...from...“保护……免受……的影响”。根据空前的or可知，本空用动名词，与空前的trapping并列，作from的宾语，用absorb“吸收”的动名词absorbing。故选G项。 Passage 2 A．avoid       B．diligent      C． flexible     D．guidance      E. imagination F. independent G. initiative  H. prospects     I. pursue       J. ruin          K. unrealistic Why don’t you get a proper job? Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious. They are optimistic about their 1 , but their career ideas are rather vague. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is boring but pays the bills. Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to 2 traditionally female careers such as nursing. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. But the world has changed. The global economy is not kind to yesterday’s 3 and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the 4 . This means that a 14-year-old who sees her working future as a kind of adventure, to be made up as she goes along, is not necessarily being 5 . However, she has to have the training and 6 to help her develop the right skills for today’s market; not the rigid (死板的) preparation for a workplace that disappeared 20 years ago. So what is to be done? Agood first step would be to change the way in which schools prepare young people for adult life. The education system is becoming less 7 and more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills at just the time that the employment market is going in the opposite direction. Accurate, up-to-date information on new jobs and qualifications can help guidance counsellors to help their students. Young people need solid information on the sort of training they need to 8 the career of their dreams. Also, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes. Once we’ve done that, it’s easier to see how important it is that they learn how to be 9 and resourceful. Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, 10 is a terrible thing to waste. 【答案】 1．H 2．A 3．B 4．G 5．K 6．D 7．C 8．I 9．F 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何帮助青少年在当今快速变化的就业市场中找到自己的定位，发展适合市场的技能，并鼓励他们勇敢地追求自己的梦想。 1．考查名词。句意：他们对自己的前景很乐观，但他们的职业理想却相当模糊。由上文“Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious”可知，句子表示“他们对自己的前景很乐观”，空格处意为“前景”，是prospect，要用复数，故选H。 2．考查不定式。句意：近一半的受访男孩希望他们的爱好能让他们找到合适的工作，而大多数女孩似乎决心避免从事护士等传统的女性职业。由上文“Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to”可知，句子表示“近一半的受访男孩希望他们的爱好能让他们找到合适的工作，而大多数女孩似乎决心避免从事护士等传统的女性职业”，空格处意为“避免”，是avoid，be determined to do是固定短语，意为“下定决心做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，故选A。 3．考查形容词。句意：全球经济对昔日勤奋可靠的工人并不友好。由下文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious”可知，句子表示“全球经济对昔日勤奋可靠的工人并不友好”，空格处意为“勤奋的”，是diligent，故选B。 4．考查名词。句意：未来属于思维敏捷、足智多谋、雄心勃勃、能采取主动的人。由上文“resourceful, ambitious”可知，句子表示“未来属于思维敏捷，能采取主动的人”，空格处意为“主动性，积极性”，用名词作宾语，是initiative，take the initiative是固定短语，意为“采取主动”，故选G。 5．考查形容词。句意：这意味着，一个14岁的女孩把自己的工作未来视为一种冒险，可以随着她的发展而改变，这并不一定是不现实的。由上文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the __4__”可知，句子表示“一个14岁的女孩把自己的工作未来视为一种冒险，可以随着她的发展而改变，这并不一定是不现实的”，空格处意为“不现实的”，是unrealistic，故选K。 6．考查名词。句意：然而，她必须接受培训和指导，以帮助她发展适合当今市场的技能;而不是20年前消失的那种死板的职场准备。由上文“she has to have the training and”和下文“to help her develop the right skills for today’s market”可知，句子表示“她必须接受培训和指导”，空格处意为“指导”，是guidance，是不可数名词，故选D。 7．考查形容词。句意：教育体系正变得越来越不灵活，越来越注重传统技能，而与此同时，就业市场正朝着相反的方向发展。由下文“more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills”可知，句子表示“教育体系正变得越来越不灵活”，空格处意为“灵活的”，是flexible，故选C。 8．考查不定式。句意：年轻人需要关于他们追求梦想的职业所需的培训的可靠信息。由下文“the career of their dreams”可知，句子表示“年轻人需要关于他们追求梦想的职业所需的培训的可靠信息”，空格处意为“追求”，是pursue，空格处用不定式表目的，故选I。 9．考查形容词。句意：一旦我们做到了这一点，就更容易看出他们学会如何独立和足智多谋是多么重要。由上文“The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes”可知，句子表示“他们学会如何独立”，空格处意为“独立的”，是independent，故选F。 10．考查名词。句意：在一个几乎不向任何人提供经济保障的世界里，浪费想象力是一件可怕的事情。由上文“Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now”可知，句子表示“浪费想象力是一件可怕的事情”，空格处意为“想象力”，是imagination，是不可数名词，故选E。 话题2 运动与健康 Passage 1 A．cracked B．court C． assured D．stressed E. harboring F. making G. roared H. groundbreaking I. ultimate J. sensation K. check “Queen Wen” Ready to Reign Zheng Qinwen has become the second Chinese to ever reach a major singles final after Li Na’s pioneering triumph at the Australian Open a decade ago. So close to the championship and so disappointed! Yet, it is with so much pride that we can reflect on the journey of a Grand Slam champion in the 11 . Despite her tough final loss to defending champion Aryna Sabalenka, the tennis 12 Zheng’s amazing run at the Australian Open has served up another major boost for the sport in China. An aggressive talent, 13 championship dreams since watching Li in 2014, Zheng was one step away from having her own name on the same trophy, as she started battle against the mighty Sabalenka on Saturday evening, 14 by an enthusiastic Chinese crowd at the Rod Laver Arena and the entire tennis community back home. Two sets and 76 minutes later, Zheng’s first Grand Slam final ended in an alert reality 15 that, the 21-year-old still has plenty of catching up to do before reaching the very top of the game, technically and mentally, even though she 16 the world top 10. It is a must because, if one loses, there must be a reason behind it. Zheng has to try to figure out why, and then she will come back stronger and better next time. Coming up just one step short of the 17 prize, Zheng held back tears at the award ceremony while gazing at the trophy when Sabalenka lifted it for a second time in a row. She 18 how much better she could have done during the postmatch interviews, even with media all greeting her with words of encouragement. Nothing seemed enough to satisfy the ambitious competitor, who’s already achieved many “firsts” for Chinese tennis over the past two weeks. With Zheng leading the way, China will have seven female players ranked within the top 100. This progress owes a lot to Li’s 19 career, which helped encourage Zheng’s generation to dream bigger. Witnessing the collective rise of the next generation, Li said she can rest 20 that the game’s future is in good hands. 【答案】 11．F 12．J 13．E 14．G 15．K 16．A 17．I 18．D 19．H 20．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了郑钦文在澳大利亚网球公开赛上表现出色，成为第二位进入大满贯单打决赛的中国选手。 11．考查名词。句意：然而，我们可以如此骄傲地反思一个大满贯冠军产生的历程。根据上文的“ Zheng Qinwen has become the second Chinese to ever reach a major singles final after Li Na’s pioneering triumph at the Australian Open a decade ago. So close to the championship and so disappointed!”可知，郑钦文成为继十年前李娜在澳大利亚网球公开赛上率先夺冠后，第二位进入单打决赛的中国人。如此接近冠军，如此令人失望！因此，在郑钦文不懈的努力下，可以预见未来她成为世界冠军的目标正在酝酿中，终会实现，则此处应填入名词making(制作)作宾语，in the making意为“在形成中，在酝酿中”，符合句意的需要，故选F。 12．考查名词。句意：尽管在澳网决赛中输给了卫冕冠军萨巴伦卡，但网球明星郑在澳网的惊人表现再次推动了中国网球运动的发展。根据上文的“Zheng Qinwen has become the second Chinese to ever reach a major singles final after Li Na’s pioneering triumph at the Australian Open a decade ago.”可知，郑钦文成为继十年前李娜在澳大利亚网球公开赛上率先夺冠后，第二位进入单打决赛的中国人，则此处应填入名词sensation(轰动一时的人或事)作主语，tennis sensation意为“网球明星”，符合句意的需要，故选J。 13．考查动词。句意：作为一个志在必得的天才，自2014年观看李娜的比赛以来，郑一直怀有冠军梦想。周六晚上，当她开始与强大的萨巴伦卡角逐冠军梦时，郑离自己的名字出现在同一个奖杯上只有一步之遥，罗德·拉沃尔球馆热情的中国观众和整个网球界都在大声欢呼。根据本句中的“An aggressive talent,...championship dreams ”可知，郑钦文怀着成为冠军的梦想，则此处应填入现在分词harboring(怀有)作状语，符合句意的需要，故选E。 14．考查动词。句意：作为一个志在必得的天才，自2014年观看李娜的比赛以来，郑一直怀有冠军梦想。周六晚上，当她开始与强大的萨巴伦卡角逐冠军梦时，郑离自己的名字出现在同一个奖杯上只有一步之遥，罗德·拉沃尔球馆热情的中国观众和整个网球界都在大声欢呼。根据本句中的“she started battle against the mighty Sabalenka on Saturday evening”可知，郑钦文开始与萨巴伦卡角逐冠军时，观众们会大声欢呼。此处应填入过去分词roared(吼叫，大声叫喊)作状语，符合句意的需要，故选G。 15．考查名词。句意：两局76分钟后，郑的第一次大满贯决赛提醒她认清现实：尽管她已经进入了世界前十，但在技术和精神上，这位21岁的球员在达到比赛的顶峰之前还有很多需要追赶的地方。根据本句中的“the 21-year-old still has plenty of catching up to do before reaching the very top of the game, technically and mentally, even though she...the world top 10”可知，郑钦文虽然很优秀，但是距离夺得世界冠军还有距离，因此比赛的结局提醒她认清了现实，还要继续努力，则此处应填入名词check(检查)作宾语，reality check意为“认清现实”，符合句意的需要，故选K。 16．考查动词。句意：两局76分钟后，郑的第一次大满贯决赛提醒她认清现实：尽管她已经进入了世界前十，但在技术和精神上，这位21岁的球员在达到比赛的顶峰之前还有很多需要追赶的地方。根据上文的“Zheng was one step away from having her own name on the same trophy”可知，郑钦文离自己的名字出现在冠军位置只有一步之遥，说明她已经跻身于世界优秀运动员之列，则此处应填入动词cracked(力图进入)作谓语，crack the world top 10意为“跻身世界前10名”，符合句意的需要，故选A。 17．考查形容词。句意：在距离最终奖项仅一步之遥的颁奖典礼上，当萨巴伦卡连续第二次举起奖杯时，郑在凝视着奖杯时忍住了眼泪。根据上文的“Zheng was one step away from having her own name on the same trophy”可知，郑钦文离自己的名字出现在最后获奖位置只有一步之遥，则此处应填入形容词 ultimate(最终的)作定语，符合句意的需要，故选I。 18．考查动词。句意：在赛后的采访中，即使媒体都用鼓励的话语问候她，但她依然强调自己本可以做得更好。根据下文的“Nothing seemed enough to satisfy the ambitious competitor, who’s already achieved many “firsts” for Chinese tennis over the past two weeks.”可知，似乎没有什么足以满足这位雄心勃勃的运动员，在过去的两周里，他已经为中国网球创造了许多“第一”，因此在赛后的采访中，郑钦文强调自己本可以做得更好，则此处应填入动词stressed(强调)作谓语，符合句意的需要，故选D。 19．考查形容词。句意：这一进步在很大程度上要归功于李的开创性职业生涯，他鼓励郑这一代人有更大的梦想。根据本句中的“which helped encourage Zheng’s generation to dream bigger.”可知，李娜在网球的职业生涯中鼓励了郑这一代人去追求梦想，说明李娜取得的成就具有开创性，则此处应填入形容词 groundbreaking (开创性的)作定语，符合句意的需要，故选H。 20．考查形容词。句意：目睹下一代的集体崛起，李说她确信无疑，这项运动的未来会得到很好的关注。根据本句中的“Witnessing the collective rise of the next generation”可知，李娜目睹了下一代的集体崛起，因此她确信无疑网球这项运动的未来会得到很好的发展，则此处应填入形容词 assured(有把握的)作表语，rest assured 意为“确信无疑”是系表结构，符合句意的需要，故选C。 Passage 2 A．concentrating    B．constantly    C． contrary    D．deliciously    E. healing F. originates    G. peaceful    H. reduction    I. sort    J. specializes    K. thorough Enjoying Your Life’s Pauses Each country has its own secret to happiness. If “pyt”, which closely means “don’t worry about it and stuff happens”, explains a relaxed attitude of Danish people, “niksen” will reveal how Dutch people fight stress and burnout in a fast-paced lifestyle. The term “Niksen” 21 from the Dutch word “niks”, which refers to “nothing”. Mindfulness, another welcome subject to help people have a 22 mind. But unlike mindfulness, niksen is not about 23 on the present moment. It’s about letting yourself do nothing, and allowing your mind to run free without expectation. In practice, this means “hanging around, looking at your surroundings, or listening to music as long as it’s without purpose,” according to Time Magazine. Niksen sounds 24 to the advice we were all given as kids. Nowadays, we’re 25 told to stay busy and work harder than everyone else. But niksen opposes that mentality. It offers the chance to“ 26 do nothing”, as Carolien Hamming, a coach at CSR Centrum, an organization devoted to fighting stress and burnout in the Netherlands, told Time. She thinks that niksen is essential to staying healthy, since it’s a form of mental relaxation and 27 . Just as a wild animal lies in wait for their prey, niksen seems to be a natural state of being. For some people, niksen can mean more than just stress 28 . It’s also a means to imagine new ideas or plans. Jenny Holden, a communications expert in the UK, adds it to her daily lunch breaks. “Within 10 minutes of doing nothing-just staring and listening to myself -my head began to clear and 29 out my work and home to-do lists,” she told the Metro UK. Above all, niksen is a suggestion for balancing work and rest. As Dutch-born writer Ogla Mecking wrote in US-based Whoolly Magazine, niksen is the “ 30 enjoyment of life’s pauses”. Everyone is encouraged to embrace your niksen moments. 【答案】 21．F 22．G 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．D 27．E 28．H 29．I 30．K 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了荷兰语中Niksen揭示了荷兰人如何在快节奏的生活方式中对抗压力和倦怠。 21．考查动词时态。句意：Niksen一词源于荷兰语niks，意思是“什么都没有”。空处作谓语，表示名字的来源，originate from意思为：起源于，主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故选F。 22．考查形容词。句意：正念，另一个受欢迎的主题，帮助人们有一个平静的心。空处为形容词作定语修饰名词，结合Mindfulness可知，正念帮助人们有一个平静的内心。peaceful意思为：平静的，符合题意。故选G。 23．考查非谓语动词。句意：但与正念不同的是，Niksen不是专注于当下。about为介词，空处用动名词，结合on可知，此处为concentrate on短语，意思为：专注，空处用concentrate的动名词。故选A。 24．考查形容词。句意：Niksen听起来与我们小时候得到的建议截然相反。空处作表语，用形容词，结合to the advice we were all given as kids可知，contrary意思为“相反的”，符合题意。故选C。 25．考查副词。句意：如今，我们总是被告知要保持忙碌，比别人更努力地工作。空处作状语修饰谓语，结合句意可知，此处表示“不断地”，用constantly。故选B。 26．考查副词。句意：正如荷兰CSR Centrum（一家致力于对抗压力和倦怠的组织）的教练卡洛琳·汉明在接受《时代》杂志采访时所言，它提供了一个“十分无所事事”的机会。空处用副词作状语，根据But niksen opposes that mentality.可知，niksen提供了一个让人无所事事、十分放松的机会。deliciously在此处为副词作状语，可以表示程度。故选D。 27．考查名词。句意：她认为niksen对保持健康至关重要，因为它是一种精神放松和治疗的形式。空处与relaxation并列，此处表示“治疗、疗愈”用healing。故选E。 28．考查名词。句意：对一些人来说，niksen不仅仅意味着减轻压力。空处为名词作宾语，结合It’s also a means to imagine new ideas or plans.可知，此处表示niksen不仅仅意味着减轻压力。reduction意思为：减少，符合题意。故选H。 29．考查动词短语。句意：她在接受《英国都市报》采访时表示：“在什么都不做的10分钟内——只是盯着自己，听自己说话——我的大脑开始清晰起来，整理出工作和家庭待办事项清单。”空处与动词clear并列，sort out意思为：整理出，符合题意。故选I。 30．考查形容词。句意：正如荷兰出生的作家奥格拉·梅金(Ogla Mecking)在美国《wholly》杂志上所写的那样，niksen是“对生活停顿的彻底享受”。根据上文Within 10 minutes of doing nothing-just staring and listening to myself -my head可知，niksen为对于生活停顿的彻底享受，thorough意思为：完全的，形容词作定语，符合题意。故选K。 话题3 文学与艺术 Passage 1 A．topic      B．developed      C． arguably     D．increasingly     E. repeated     F. events G. shares     H. individual     I. influenced     J. appeals          K. literary Poetry is a kind of writing in which the sound and meaning of groups of words express ideas or emotion in addition to the experiences or strong feelings the writer 1 . Unlike most other forms of writing, poetry is often written in lines, rather than paragraphs. Poetry also sounds different from other forms of writing, often using rhythm and rhyme to create an interesting sound when read aloud. Poetry catches the attention of a reader because it 2 to both emotions and senses. Sound is 3 the single most important aspect of any poem. The sound that any given word makes, or the sounds that come from specific groups of words used together, are what make poetry so unique as a form of writing. A typical story or report does not focus on the sounds that each 4 word makes when read. But poems generally contain few words, so it is important that each word plays a role in making an impact on the reader. Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem. When you read a poem you can often hear this 5 pattern, or “beat” in the sounds. This is called meter. Some of the oldest and best-known poetry in the world came from Ancient Greece. As far back as 700 BCE, poets there recited their work at public 6 and religious ceremonies. The great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer came from Greece. The Greeks eventually 7 Roman poets, such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE. In medieval times, poems such as Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante. and The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written. Religion and romance became the 8 of choice for many poets at that time. Poetry 9 even more during the Renaissance period of history, an era of many great cultural achievements. This was the period during which Shakespeare, the most well-known poet, was making his mark! Needless to say, a trend had started. Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of 10 expression in modern times. 【答案】 1．G 2．J 3．C 4．H 5．E 6．F 7．I 8．A 9．B 10．K 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诗歌的写作特点以及历史发展。 1．考查动词。句意：诗歌是一种写作，在这种写作中，除了作者所共有的经历或强烈的感情之外，还通过一组词的音意来表达思想或情感。根据“the experiences or strong feelings the writer”以及句意“共享”可知应填动词share，作谓语，根据上文is可知为一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语用三单形式。故选G。 2．考查动词。句意：诗歌能吸引读者的注意力，因为它既能吸引人的情感，又能吸引人的感官。根据“Poetry catches the attention of a reader”以及句意“吸引”可知应填appeal，为一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用三单形式。故选J。 3．考查副词。句意：声音可以说是任何诗歌中最重要的一个方面。根据“the single most important aspect of any poem”以及句意“可以说”可知应填副词arguably，修饰动词。故选C。 4．考查形容词。句意：典型的故事或报道并不关注每个单词在阅读时发出的声音。根据“word makes when read”以及句意“单词”可知应填individual，修饰名词word。故选H。 5．考查形容词。句意：当你读一首诗的时候，你经常会听到这种重复的模式，或者声音中的“节拍”。根据“pattern, or “beat” in the sounds”以及句意“重复的”可知应填repeated，修饰名词pattern。故选E。 6．考查名词。句意：早在公元前700年，那里的诗人就在公共活动和宗教仪式上背诵他们的作品。根据“and religious ceremonies”以及句意“活动”可知应填复数名词events，故选F。 7．考查动词。句意：希腊人最终影响了罗马诗人，比如公元前30年写了《埃涅阿斯纪》的维吉尔。根据“such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE”以及句意“影响”可知应填动词influence，发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选I。 8．考查名词。句意：宗教和浪漫成为当时许多诗人选择的主题。根据“Religion and romance”以及句意“主题”可知应填名词topic，作表语。故选A。 9．考查动词。句意：诗歌在文艺复兴时期得到了更大的发展，这是一个有着许多伟大文化成就的时代。根据“an era of many great cultural achievements”以及句意“发展”可知应填动词develop，发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选B。 10．考查形容词。句意：诗歌作为一种文学表达形式在现代继续发展和变化。根据“Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of”以及句意“文学”可知应填形容词literary，修饰名词expression。故选K。 Passage 2 A．excelled    B．typically    C． devote     D．destination    E. surely F. barriers     G. winding    H. pursuing    I. keys       J. essentials    K. productive The Art of Blooming Late In his teens and early twenties, Mozart had to work as an organist and concertmaster in his native Salzburg to make ends meet. Underpaid and unfulfilled, he felt a(n) burning desire to 41 more time and energy to his art. So after a period of doubt and deliberation, that’s exactly what he did. He quit his job and embarked on what turned out to be the most 42 and creative period of his life. Even if you never hope to reach Mozart’s level of mastery, you may consider how he removed all the 43 in his path to success. Maybe you’ve done everything right — 44 at school, worked hard, and landed a good, high-paying job-but you’re tired of being just like everyone else. However, drafting a plan of action can be daunting. What, then, is holding you back? Rich Karlgaard, the publisher of Forbes magazine and author of Late Bloomers, argues that our cultures’ customs with early achievement discourages us from 45 our passions. Instead of having varied interests, studying widely, and taking our time — 46 to self-discovery-we’re encouraged to ace tests, become specialists right away, and pursue safe, stable, and profitable careers. As a result, most of us end up choosing professional excellence over personal fulfillment, and often we lose ourselves in the process. To prompt a revolution in your own life, there are a few things to keep in mind. First and foremost, it’s never too late to “become” yourself. Aristotle, for example, didn’t fully devote himself to writing and philosophy until he was nearly 50. There are also benefits to taking a long, 47 path to self-fulfillment. Remember that age 48 brings wisdom, resilience, self-knowledge, and creativity. That said, once you’ve decided to embark on the journey, it may take years, if not longer, to reach your 49 . But as research has shown, small daily changes can have a compound effect and slowly but 50 lead you closer to the person you think you ought to be. 【答案】 41．C 42．K 43．F 44．A 45．H 46．J 47．G 48．B 49．D 50．E 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了探索莫扎特晚期绽放的艺术生涯，揭示追求激情与自我实现的重要性，即便面对社会对早期成功的推崇，通过长期不懈努力，智慧和创造力终将随年龄增长而显现。 41．考查动词。句意：他感到有一种强烈的愿望，要将更多的时间和精力投入到艺术中去。这里需要一个动词来表达“投入时间和精力”的意思，故用devote，位于不定式符号to(a desire to do)后，用动词原形。故选C。 42．考查形容词。句意：他辞去了工作，开始了最终证明是他一生中最富有成效和创造力的时期。用来描述莫扎特辞职后的创作时期，结合上下文应该是积极正面的评价，因此用形容词productive“多产的”，作定语，修饰period。故选K。 43．考查名词。句意：即便你从未希望达到莫扎特那样的精通程度，你也可能会思考他是如何清除通往成功道路上的所有障碍的。这里需要一个词来表示“阻碍”，用名词barrier，结合句意可知，阻碍不止一个，应用名词复数形式。故选F。 44．考查动词。句意：也许你做的一切都是正确的——在学校表现出色，努力工作，获得了一份好工作，薪水也不错——但你厌倦了和其他人一样。此处表示在学校表现优异，用动词excel“突出”，根据语境可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式excelled。故选A。 45．考查动名词。句意：《福布斯》杂志出版商、《大器晚成》一书的作者Rich Karlgaard认为，我们的文化中对早期成就的重视阻碍了我们追求激情。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“追求”，用动词pursue，用动名词，作from的宾语。故选H。 46．考查名词。句意：人们鼓励我们在考试中拿高分，立即成为专家，追求安全、稳定、有利可图的职业，而不是拥有各种各样的兴趣，广泛学习，花时间——这是自我发现的要素。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；再根据上文的“studying widely, and taking our time”可知，空处指的是自我发现的“要素”；选项J“essentials”，名词，意为“要素”，符合句意。故选J。 47．考查形容词。句意：走一条漫长且曲折的路去实现自我满足也是有好处的。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“曲折的”，故用形容词winding，修饰后面的path，作定语，形容人生道路的曲折和探索性。故选G。 48．考查副词。句意：记住，年龄通常会带来智慧、韧性、自我认知和创造力。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“通常”，用 typically，作状语，修饰brings。故选B。 49．考查名词。句意：不过，一旦你决定踏上这段旅程，可能需要多年，如果不是更久，才能达到你的目的地。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“目的地”，应用名词destination，作reach的宾语。故选D。 50．考查副词。句意：但研究表明，每天的小改变可以产生复利效应，缓慢但肯定地引导你接近你认为自己应该成为的样子。本句强调了日积月累的小变化带来的确定性正面影响，结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“无疑地”，用 surely，作状语，修饰lead。故选E。 话题4 社会与文化 Passage 1 A．aimed  B．characterized  C． connection  D．decline  E. emerging  F. objective  G. previously  H. randomly  I. revealed  J. promising  K. shallow We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive 1 . “The 2 field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions 3 at enhancing brain health.” In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a 4 path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging. The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis 5 two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has 6 been associated with healthy brain aging. The Mediterranean diet is 7 by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more 8 analysis of these associations. “First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the 9 between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.” However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted 10 to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health. 【答案】 1．D 2．E 3．A 4．J 5．I 6．G 7．B 8．F 9．C 10．H 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了大脑衰老与食物之间关系的研究。 1．考查名词。句意：但是，尽管人们对饮食如何加速大脑衰老进行了广泛的研究，但人们对预防认知能力下降的食物知之甚少。根据前文“We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging”说明的是肠胃和大脑紧密联系，且研究了饮食如何加速大脑衰老，所以此处指的是预防认知能力下降。设空处作prevent宾语，decline，作为名词，意为“下降”符合句意，为不可数名词。故选D。 2．考查形容词。句意：“营养认知神经科学这一新兴领域揭示了在整个生命周期中促进大脑健康的特定食物和营养素，”内布拉斯加州大学林肯分校大脑、生物学和行为中心主任阿隆·巴贝告诉《新闻周刊》。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据常识可知“field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience”为新兴学科。emerging意为“新兴的”符合句意。故选E。 3．考查过去分词。句意：“这项工作的核心是发现可用于旨在增强大脑健康的营养干预的营养概况。”过去分词短语aimed at意为“旨在，目的是”符合句意；此处指的是旨在增强大脑健康。故选A。 4．考查形容词。句意：在《自然衰老》杂志上发表的一项新研究中，Barbey、Jisheng Wu和Christopher Zwilling利用最先进的技术建立了一套与65岁以上成年人更好的认知表现相关的特定营养成分，为设计营养干预措施促进健康的大脑衰老提供了一条有希望的途径。空格处位于名词之前修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据前文“Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65 (Barbey、Jisheng Wu和Christopher Zwilling利用最先进的技术建立了一套与65岁以上成年人更好的认知表现相关的特定营养成分)”可知，此处是提供了有希望的途径。形容词promising意为“有前途的，有希望的”符合句意，在句中作定语。故选J。 5．考查动词以及时态。句意：分析显示，参与者的大脑衰老有两种类型：比预期的更快和更慢。根据空格后“比预期的更快和更慢”可知，此处指的是揭示了两种情况，reveal意为“揭示”符合句意；在句中作谓语，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故选I。 6．考查副词。句意：研究人员说，这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关，地中海饮食曾被认为与健康的大脑衰老有关。空格处位于动词之前，因此需要填入副词，根据空格前“这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关”，可知，此处指的是地中海饮食曾经被认为与健康的大脑有关。previously意为“先前地”为副词，符合句意，在句中作状语。故选G。 7．考查动词以及被动语态。句意：地中海饮食的特点是饮食中富含全谷物、水果、蔬菜和橄榄油，适量摄入奶酪和鱼类，少量摄入红肉和加工肉。根据空格后“a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat”可知，此处指的是地中海饮食的特点。characterize“成为……特征”；主语The Mediterranean diet与动词characterize之间为被动关系，空格前有be动词，所以用过去分词构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 8．考查形容词。句意：本研究对这些关联提供了更客观的分析。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词。根据前文“The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has ____6____ been associated with healthy brain aging. (研究人员说，这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关，地中海饮食曾被认为与健康的大脑衰老有关。)”可知，此处指的是客观的研究，形容词objective意为“客观的”，符合句意。故选F。 9．考查名词。句意：他说:“首先，这是使用基于血液的生物标志物来调查饮食和大脑健康之间关系的规模最大、最全面的研究之一。”设空处在句中作宾语，根据上文“This study provides a more  ____8____  analysis of these associations.”可知，此处指的是饮食和大脑之间的联系。名词connection意为“联系”，符合句意。故选C。 10．考查副词。句意：然而，Barbey指出，需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。像这样的观察性研究之后，需要随机进行对照试验，以确认所确定的营养成分在促进大脑健康方面的有效性。空格处修饰动词，所以要用副词；根据空格前“而，Barbey指出，需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。”可知，此处需要随机进行对照试验。randomly意为“随机地”，符合句意。故选H。 Passage 2 A．accurately  B．attaches  C． displaying  D．employed  E. feedback   F. foresaw G. guide  H. increasingly  I. map  J. operating  K. wonders VR surgery Richard Satava, a program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual” environment for surgeons. “With virtual reality we’ll be able to put a surgeon in every trench(战壕),” said Satava. He 11 a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers. The computers would convey images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U. S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets that contain a small screen 12 the image of the wound. The doctors would 13 robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier. Although Satava’s vision may be years away from standard 14 procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a 3D image of the surgery, they move instruments connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides 15 to the surgeon. The technological 16 may not yet be part of the community hospital setting. However, with the passage of time, some of the machinery is 17 finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3D image. She can then move the 3D image on the computer screen to 18 the shortest and least invasive surgical path to the cancer. Zamorano is also using technology that 19 a needle to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a cancer deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient’s brain taken before surgery. During these procedures surgeons are wearing 3D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more 20 than human surgeons can. Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine.” 【答案】 11．F 12．C 13．G 14．J 15．E 16．K 17．H 18．I 19．B 20．A 【导语】本文的体裁是说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟现实技术在医学领域的应用，尤其是远程手术和计算机辅助手术的发展情况。 11．考查动词。句意：他预见到一个时代，受伤的士兵在海外作战时，会被安置在配备有计算机的移动手术单元中。根据下文“when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers(受伤的士兵在海外作战时，会被安置在配备有计算机的移动手术单元中)”可知下文说的是对未来的憧憬，可推理出空白处应填表示“预见”含义的表达,foresaw是foresee的过去式。故选F。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：外科医生会通过虚拟现实头盔查看士兵的情况，头盔上有一个小型屏幕，可以显示伤口的图像。根据下文“the image of the wound(伤口的图像)”可推理出此处说的是外科医生通过能显示士兵伤口情况的屏幕为士兵看病，可推理出空白处应填表示“显示”含义的表达，displaying作后置定语修饰screen。故选C。 13．考查动词。句意：医生们将在战场上的移动手术装置内操作机器人仪器为士兵进行手术。根据下文“robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier(在战场上的移动手术装置内操作机器人仪器为士兵进行手术)”可知，此处上下文说的是医生操作机器人仪器为士兵进行手术，可推理出空白处应填表示“引导”含义的表达，would后接动词原形。故选G。 14．考查动名词。句意：尽管萨塔瓦的愿景可能还需要数年时间才能成为标准操作程序，但科学家们正在向虚拟现实手术迈进。根据下文“scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery(科学家们正在向虚拟现实手术迈进)”可知此处上下文说的是虚拟现实手术，可推理出空白处应填表示“手术”含义的表达，故选J。 15．考查名词。句意：计算机会向外科医生提供反馈。根据上文“As surgeons watch a 3D image of the surgery, they move instruments connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides(外科医生在观看手术的3D图像时，会移动连接到计算机的工具，计算机将他们的移动传递给执行手术的机器人工具。计算机提供……)”以及下文“the surgeon(外科医生)”可知此处上下文说的是计算机将外科医生移动连接到计算机的工具的信息传递给机器人工具，同时计算机还会将机器人工具的操作通过3D图像反馈给医生，可推理出空白处应填表示“反馈”含义的表达，名词作宾语。故选E。 16．考查名词。句意：这些技术奇迹可能尚未成为社区医院设置的一部分。根据上文“Engineers in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a 3D image of the surgery, they move instruments connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery.(加利福尼亚的工程师们正在开发一种远程操作设备。外科医生们通过观察手术的三维图像，操控与电脑相连的器械，这些器械的动作会传递给执行手术的机器人器械。)”可知，此处上下文说的是医疗技术上的奇迹，可推理出空白处应填表示“奇迹”含义的表达，名词复数形式作主语。故选K。 17．考查副词。句意：然而，随着时间的推移，一些设备正越来越多地进入民用医疗领域。根据下文“finding its way into civilian medicine(进入民用医疗领域)”可知此处上下文说的是这些设备已经逐渐进入到民用医疗领域，可推理出空白处应填表示“越来越多地”含义的表达，副词作状语。故选H。 18．考查动词。句意：然后，她可以在计算机屏幕上移动3D图像，以绘制出到达癌症的最短且侵入性最小的手术路径。根据下文“the shortest and least invasive surgical path to the cancer(最短且侵入性最小的手术路径)”可知此处上下文说的是绘制手术路径图，可推理出空白处应填表示“绘制”含义的表达，在动词不定式符号to后用动词原形。故选I。 19．考查动词。句意：萨莫拉诺还在使用一种技术，将针头连接到手术工具上，以便她可以追踪它们的位置。根据下文“a needle to surgical instruments(把针头……到手术工具上)”可知此处上下文说的是在手术工具上固定针头，可推理出空白处应填表示“固定”含义的表达，作定语从句的谓语动词，先行词是technology ，时态是一般现在时，用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 20．考查副词。句意：他们还指挥机器人外科医生比人类外科医生更准确地切除组织。根据上文“During these procedures surgeons are wearing 3D glasses for a better view(在这些手术过程中，外科医生戴着3D眼镜以获得更好的视野)”以及下文“than human surgeons can(比人类外科医生更……)”可推理出此处上下文说的是机器人外科医生在人类外科医生的指导下能更好地进行手术，分析待选项，A项“accurately(准确地)”表达的含义符合上下文语境，故选A。 话题5 生态与自然 Passage 1 A．appearances B．imitating C． distinguish D．isolate E. advantageous F. diverse G. identical H. criterion I. markings J. poisonous K. threatening Why different species start looking exactly the same Is it better to stand out from the crowd or be similar to the background? For birds, the answer is complicated. While peacocks(孔雀) show off their brightly colored feathers to attract mates and ward off predators(捕食者), other birds find it 1 to hide themselves by imitating the looks of other birds. Groups of birds flying together often come from the same species, making it hard to 2 one from another. However, some groups of birds including two or more species take on similar 3 , which is an uncommon phenomenon. “They all share random features, like feathers on head or yellow bellies(腹部), which makes them almost 4 . You can’t really tell them apart without looking at their 5 .” says Scott Robinson, a famous scholar. His new study suggests 6 another bird’s appearance is not a coincidence(巧合) but rather an evolutionary method to increase their chances of survival. Looking like a bird from a dominant species helps reduce attack from other members and appear more 7 to potential predators. “In imitation, you often want to look like something because there’s an advantage to being that other thing. You want species to think you’re 8 or low-profitable target.” says Rebecca Kimball, a professor of biology. “In grouping birds, one idea is that this has more to do with a predator’s ability to 9 a target. When there are a group of birds moving around, it may be easier for predators to identify an individual that has a distinct color pattern.” While it may not seem like it at first, imitating other birds is helping to create more 10 species. Not only do birds imitate more than one species as they grow up, but their appearance varies over time. 【答案】 1．E 2．C 3．A 4．G 5．I 6．B 7．K 8．J 9．D 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了不同物种模仿其他物种特征的原因。 1．考查形容词。句意：虽然孔雀炫耀其色彩鲜艳的羽毛来吸引配偶和抵御捕食者，但其他鸟类则发现通过模仿别的鸟类的外表来隐藏自己是有利的。“find it+adj.+to do sth.”是固定句型，所以空处应用形容词作宾补。根据“While peacocks(孔雀) show off their brightly colored feathers to attract mates and ward off predators(捕食者)”，While引导让步状语从句，所以这里与上文形成转折，表示的是虽然孔雀展示自己色彩鲜艳的羽毛，但其他鸟类发现模仿别的鸟类外表是有利的。advantageous意为“有利的，有好处的”。故选E。 2．考查动词。句意：成群的鸟类经常来自同一物种，使得很难区分彼此。根据空前的不定式符号to，这里应用动词原形。根据空后的“one from another”，这里是说难以区分彼此。distinguish意为“区分，辨别”。故选C。 3．考查名词。句意：然而，有两个或两个以上物种的一些鸟类群体具有相似的外观，这是一种罕见的现象。根据空前的“similar”可知，这里应用名词作宾语。根据下文中的“They all share random features”，这里是说这些鸟的外表相似。appearance意为“外表”，此处不止一只鸟的外表，应用复数。故选A。 4．考查形容词。句意：它们都有随机的特征，比如头上的羽毛或黄色的腹部，这使它们几乎完全相同。“make+宾语+宾补”是固定结构，分析句子结构，这里应用形容词作宾补。根据下文中的“You can’t really tell them apart”，这里是说这些鸟看起来几乎一样。identical意为“完全同样的，相同的”。故选G。 5．考查名词。句意：如果不看它们的标记，你就无法真正区分它们。根据空前的their，空处应用名词作宾语。根据空前的“without looking at their”，这里是说如果不看这些鸟的标记，就不能把它们区分开，“标记”为名词marking，表示不止一个标记，应用复数。故选I。 6．考查动名词。句意：他的新研究表明，模仿另一只鸟的外表并不是巧合，而是一种增加它们生存机会的进化方法。根据空后的“another bird’s appearance”和第一段中的“by imitating the looks of other birds”，这里是说模仿另一只鸟的外表。imitate意为“模仿”，分析句子结构，suggests后面是一个宾语从句，空处作主语，应用动名词形式imitating。故选B。 7．考查形容词。句意：看起来像一只优势种类的鸟有助于减少其他成员的攻击，并显得对潜在的捕食者更有威胁。空处应用形容词，作appear的表语。根据句中的“Looking like a bird from a dominant species helps reduce attack from other members”，这里是说外表像优势种类的鸟可以看起来对潜在的捕食者更有威胁。threatening意为“威胁的”。故选K。 8．考查形容词。句意：你想让物种认为你是有毒的或好处少的目标。根据空前的you’re，空处应用形容词作表语。根据or后的low-profitable，前后表达的特征相近，这种特征可以让捕食者打消猎捕的念头，所以让对方认为有毒可以达到目的。poisonous意为“有毒的”。故选J。 9．考查动词。句意：在对鸟类进行分组时，一种想法是，这更多地与捕食者找出目标的能力有关。空前有不定式符号to，所以空处应用动词原形。根据下文中的“it may be easier for predators to identify an individual that has a distinct color pattern”，捕食者更容易识别有不同特征的鸟，即有找出目标的能力。isolate意为“将……剔出（以便看清和单独处理）”。故选D。 10．考查形容词。句意：虽然一开始可能看起来不像，但模仿其他鸟类有助于创造更多样化的物种。根据空前的more和空后的species，这里应用形容词作定语，修饰名词species。根据下文中的“their appearance varies over time”，这里是说模仿有助于创造出更加多样的物种。diverse意为“多样化的”。故选F。 Passage 2 A．exported        B．dumping        C． equity       D．driven   E. bumping     F. share    G. unfounded     H. simply   I. projected     J. obsessed     K. supposedly Taking a Wrong Turn The word “overcapacity” has recently gained attention after US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen claimed that China has caused “overcapacity” in the new energy sector, including electric vehicles(EVs) and lithium batteries (锂电池). 1 put, “overcapacity”, in Yellen’s words, refers to producing too many goods, which could lead to global price distortions and affect businesses and workers in other countries. However, this viewpoint is 2 and lacks evidence. Contrary to concerns about “overcapacity”, global production in the new energy sector is actually at “undercapacity” — production is insufficient to meet demand. Data from the International Energy Agency showed that global demand for new energy vehicles(NEVs)is 3 to reach 45 million units by 2030, 4.5 times the 2022 levels. The idea that China has 4 new energy products at low prices is also incorrect. Chinese NEVs are sold at higher prices overseas than in China, and despite this, their sales continue to grow rapidly. Even the US magazine The Atlantic admitted, “Chinese electric vehicles are cheap, stylish, and high quality… Instead, the White House is going out of its way to keep Chinese EVs out of the US.” These observations indicate that the pricing and sales of new energy products are 5   by international market supply and demand, rather than being only affected by the so-called “overcapacity” caused by China. Moreover, China’s over 60 percent 6 of the global power battery market comes from its focus on technological innovation and high-quality production, not low-cost 7 . “The purpose of technological innovation has never been to widen global differences,” Zeng Yuqun, founder and CEO of CATL, a leading company in new energy innovative technologies, told 21st Century Business Herald. “For China’s power batteries, technological innovation has 8 progress; green development has sustained growth, and technological 9 is the goal,” Zeng added. While China focuses on innovation and quality, the US is 10 with a “100-percent Made in America” goal. The Biden administration plans to subsidize (补贴) US businesses and promote the use of domestic materials to achieve this goal. 【答案】 1．H 2．G 3．K 4．A 5．D 6．F 7．B 8．I 9．E 10．J 【导语】这是一篇议论文。讲述了美国财政部长珍妮特·耶伦声称中国造成了包括电动汽车和锂电池在内的新能源领域的“产能过剩”。针对这一问题，作者从全球新能源产品市场经济、全球动力电池技术以及技术创新的目的等方面阐述了“产能过剩”这一论点的毫无根据可言。 1．考查副词。句意：简单地说，用耶伦的话来说，“产能过剩”是指生产过多的商品，这可能导致全球价格扭曲，并影响其他国家的企业和工人。分析句子可知，空格处需要副词充当状语修饰动词put，表示的意思是“简单地”，simply符合句意。故选H项。 2．考查形容词。句意：然而，这种观点是没有根据的，也缺乏证据。分析句子可知，空格处为表语，根据后文的lacks evidence，可知此处缺少的意思是“毫无根据的”，unfounded符合句意。故选G项。 3．考查副词。句意：国际能源署的数据显示，到2030年，全球对新能源汽车的需求预计将达到4500万辆，是2022年水平的4.5倍。根据后文“reach 45 million units by 2030, 4.5 times the 2022 levels”可知，这是一种预测，空格处缺少的意思是“据推测”，supposedly符合句意。故选K项。 4．考查动词。句意：认为中国以低价出口新能源产品的观点也是不正确的。根据后文“Chinese NEVs are sold at higher prices overseas than in China”可知，空格处表示的意思是“出口”，exported符合句意。故选A项。 5．考查动词。句意：这些观察结果表明，新能源产品的定价和销售是由国际市场供求驱动的，而不仅仅受到所谓的中国“产能过剩”的影响。根据常识可知，市场决定了产品的价格和销售。结合句意及后文“affected by(受……影响)”可知，空格处需要的意思是“驱动，驱使”，driven符合句意。故选D项。 6．考查名词。句意：此外，中国在全球动力电池市场超过60%的份额来自于其对技术创新和高质量生产的关注，而不是低成本倾销。根据“the global power battery market”可知，空格处为“份额”，share符合句意。故选F项。 7．考查动名词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处的意思是“倾销”，dumping符合句意。故选B项。 8．考查动词。句意：“对于中国的动力电池来说，技术创新预示着进步；绿色发展持续增长，技术进步是我们的目标，”Zeng说。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语部分，需要的意思是“预示着，预计”， projected符合句意。故选I项。 9．考查动名词。句意同上题。根据上文“green development has sustained growth”可知，我们的目标是技术进步，bumping“颠簸行进”符合句意。故选E项。 10．考查动词。句意：当中国专注于创新和质量时，美国却痴迷于“100%美国制造”的目标。根据下文“The Biden administration plans to subsidize (补贴) US businesses and promote the use of domestic materials to achieve this goal.”可知，美国痴迷于“100%美国制造”的目标，be obsessed with“痴迷于”，obsessed符合句意。故选J项。 话题6 科学与技术 Passage 1 A．piloted         B．precisely    C． barriers     D．fault    E. misjudge F. life-threatening   G. transition   H. priorities    I. tempted  J. posed   K. undeniably Your robot driver is on its way Driving has many downsides: There’s pollution, traffic, finding a place to park. But worst of all are the crashes. In 2023, an estimated 40,990 people were killed in car crashes in the United States. Reducing traffic crashes should be among the nation’s highest 1 . Behind each one lie many human errors. People get behind the wheel when they are drunk or sleepy, and they text or talk on their phones instead of paying attention to the road. Or they simply 2 road conditions. Enormous work has gone into reducing these human errors. But data from Waymo, Alphabet’s self-driving car unit, suggests that a better strategy might be to take the driver out of the picture and let vehicles be 3 by machines that will never get distracted or drunk, or be 4 to break traffic laws because they’re running late. Waymo robotaxis have logged 33 million miles and the company’s figures show that Waymo robotaxi vehicles deliver 5 better safety performance. Compared with cars driven by humans, Waymo vehicles have been involved in 62 percent fewer police-reported crashes and 78 percent fewer crashes that resulted in injury. Timothy B．Lee, author of the Understanding AI newsletter, pointed out the crashes “were mostly low-speed collisions (碰撞)” that 6 no serious safety risk. “A large majority appeared to be the 7 of the other driver,” Lee said. It’s too early to know how much self-driving cars could reduce 8 crashes. But it’s reasonable to hope that Waymo will prove safer than human drivers. Governments at all levels should be rushing to knock down regulatory 9 that stand in the way of faster adoption of driverless cars while also ensuring that the companies meet the highest standards for safety and accountability. In early January, the Autonomous Vehicle Industry Association released a proposed policy framework that aims to speed the 10 . The association also calls for a national safety database to provide a better view of crash incidents involving self-driving cars. 【答案】 1．H 2．E 3．A 4．I 5．K 6．J 7．D 8．F 9．C 10．G 【导语】本文是新闻报道。主要围绕自动驾驶汽车的发展、优势以及其对减少交通事故的潜在影响进行了阐述。 1．考查名词。句意：减少交通事故应该是国家的首要任务之一。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作表语，根据句意，应是priority意为“重点”符合语境，根据among可知，用复数形式。故选H项。 2．考查动词。句意：或者他们只是误判了路况。本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据句意，应是misjudge意为“误判”符合语境，描述客观状态，用一般现在时。故选E项。 3．考查动词。句意：但Alphabet旗下自动驾驶汽车部门Waymo的数据表明，更好的策略可能是将驾驶员排除在外，让机器驾驶车辆，这些机器永远不会分心或醉酒，也不会因为迟到而违反交通法规。根据句意，此处应是pilot意为“驾驶”符合语境，根据空后的by可知，需用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所以空处应填过去分词形式。故选A项。 4．考查动词。句意：但Alphabet旗下自动驾驶汽车部门Waymo的数据表明，更好的策略可能是将驾驶员排除在外，让机器驾驶车辆，这些机器永远不会分心或醉酒，也不会因为迟到而违反交通法规。根据句意，应是tempt意为“引诱”符合语境，和主语vehicles之间是被动关系，用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所以空处应填过去分词形式。故选I项。 5．考查副词。句意：Waymo无人驾驶出租车已经行驶了3300万英里，该公司的数据显示，Waymo无人驾驶出租车的安全性能无可否认更好。空处修饰空后的形容词，所以用副词修饰，根据句意，应是undeniably意为“不可否认地”符合语境。故选K项。 6．考查动词。句意：《理解人工智能》通讯的作者Timothy B. Lee指出，这些碰撞“大多是低速碰撞”，不会构成严重的安全风险。本句是that引导的定语从句，从句缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，根据句意，应是pose意为“造成(威胁、问题等)”符合语境，根据were可知，用一般过去时。故选J项。 7．考查名词。句意：“大部分事故似乎是另一位司机的过错，”Lee说。空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作表语，根据句意，应是fault意为“过错”符合语境。故选D项。 8．考查形容词。句意：现在就知道自动驾驶汽车能在多大程度上减少危及生命的车祸还为时过早。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是life-threatening意为“威胁着生命的”符合语境。故选F项。 9．考查名词。句意：各级政府应尽快消除阻碍无人驾驶汽车更快普及的监管障碍，同时确保这些公司在安全和问责方面达到最高标准。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是barrier意为“障碍”符合语境，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故选C项。 10．考查名词。句意：今年1月初，自动驾驶汽车行业协会（Autonomous Vehicle Industry Association）发布了一份旨在加速过渡的拟议政策框架。空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是transition意为“过渡”符合语境。故选G项。 Passage 2 A．commutes       B．incidental      C． boundary      D．cloud    E. contemporary      F. straight    G. fueled        H. facilitate     I. capitalize      J. presence        K. exploit Imagine walking into a bright office tower ten years aga: the hum of desktop computers and the sight of employees chained to their desks for eight 1 hours. The day begins at 9 and ends at 5, and productivity is measured by 2 , not output. Fast forward to today: the office has no assigned desks, and the workspace exists as much on telecommuting tools as it does in the building. Work has evolved, and with it, so has the very definition of where and how we work. Welcome to the age of the workspace — where flexibility, adaptability, and innovation are to redefine what productivity looks like. The rise of digital technologies, coupled with globalization, started to 3 the lines between work and location. Remote communication tools and mobile devices have empowered employees to work from anywhere, challenging the concept that productivity is tied to a specific place. The geographical 4 is fading away. Remote work, once considered an exception, has become a mainstream practice. Remote work, the practice of carrying out professional responsibilities outside the traditional office, has emerged as a game-changer in modern work culture. Greatly 5 by technological advancements, particularly the multiplication of cooperative tools, remote work has transferred from being a mere trend to becoming a vital component of the 6 work style. The rise of remote work lies in several factors. Rapid globalization has made it possible for teams to collaborate closely across time zones and continents. Technological innovations have birthed multiple digital platforms that 7 effective communication and project management from a distance. Organizations are increasingly recognizing the value of offering flexible work arrangements, contributing to the rise of remote work. The advantages of remote work extend to benefit employees as well. The employee experience is not merely 8 . It is fundamental to how organizations shape the productivity and well-being of their teams. Today’s employees prefer the independence and flexibility that remote work affords, allowing for improved work-life balance and the removal of time-consuming 9 . Employers, on the other hand, can 10 on reduced overhead costs and the ability to tap into the global talent pool, making the retaining of specialized talents more feasible than ever before. 【答案】 1．F 2．J 3．D 4．C 5．G 6．E 7．H 8．B 9．A 10．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今工作形式发生了变化，远程工作越来越普遍和受欢迎的现象。 1．考查形容词。句意：想象一下，十年前走进一座明亮的办公大楼：台式电脑嗡嗡作响，员工们连续八个小时被拴在办公桌前。根据“employees chained to their desks for eight”以及句意“连续”可知应用形容词straight，修饰名词hour，作定语。故选F。 2．考查名词。句意：一天从9点开始到5点结束，效率是通过出勤而不是产出来衡量的。根据“The day begins at 9 and ends at 5”以及句意“出勤”可知应用名词presence，作宾语，故选J。 3．考查动词。句意：数字技术的兴起，加上全球化，开始模糊工作和地点之间的界限。根据“Remote communication tools and mobile devices have empowered employees to work from anywhere, challenging the concept that productivity is tied to a specific place.(远程通信工具和移动设备使员工能够在任何地方工作，挑战了生产力与特定地点联系在一起的概念)”以及句意“模糊”可知应用动词cloud，不定式作宾语，故选D。 4．考查名词。句意：地理界限正在消失。根据“Remote communication tools and mobile devices have empowered employees to work from anywhere, challenging the concept that productivity is tied to a specific place.(远程通信工具和移动设备使员工能够在任何地方工作，挑战了生产力与特定地点联系在一起的概念)”以及句意“界限”可知应用名词boundary，作主语，故选C。 5．考查动词。句意：在技术进步的大力推动下，特别是协作工具的增加，远程工作已经从仅仅是一种趋势转变为当代工作方式的一个重要组成部分。根据“by technological advancements, particularly the multiplication of cooperative tools”以及句意“推动”可知应用过去分词fueled，作状语，和主语是被动关系。故选G。 6．考查形容词。句意：在技术进步的大力推动下，特别是协作工具的增加，远程工作已经从仅仅是一种趋势转变为当代工作方式的一个重要组成部分。根据“remote work has transferred from being a mere trend to becoming a vital component of the”以及句意“当代”可知应用形容词contemporary，修饰名词style，作定语，故选E。 7．考查动词。句意：技术创新催生了多种数字平台，促进了远程有效沟通和项目管理。根据“effective communication and project management from a distance”以及句意“促进”可知应用动词facilitate，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，谓语与先行词platforms保持一致，用原形。故选H。 8．考查形容词。句意：员工的经历不仅仅是偶然的。根据“It is fundamental to how organizations shape the productivity and well-being of their teams.(它是组织如何塑造其团队的生产力和福祉的基础)”以及句意“偶然的”可知应用形容词incidental，作表语。故选B。 9．考查名词。句意：如今的员工更喜欢远程工作所带来的独立性和灵活性，从而改善了工作与生活的平衡，并消除了耗时的通勤。根据“employees prefer the independence and flexibility that remote work affords, allowing for improved work-life balance and the removal of time-consuming”以及句意“通勤”可知应用名词commutes，作宾语，故选A。 10．考查动词。句意：另一方面，雇主可以利用降低的管理费用和利用全球人才库的能力，使留住专业人才比以往任何时候都更加可行。根据“on reduced overhead costs and the ability”以及句意“利用”可知应用动词capitalize，且can后跟动词原形。故选I。 $ 考前押题04 选词填空题(期末专项训练) 话题1 学校与教育 话题4 社会与文化 话题2 运动与健康 话题5 生态与自然 话题3 文学与艺术 话题6 科学与技术 话题1 学校与教育 Passage 1 A．demonstration        B．conversation        C． escaped            D．marching        E. campaigning F. reluctantly     G. absorbing         H. participated       I. prohibited     J. completely K. exhaustion The summer heat has reached its breaking point for a group of high school students in Wales, as the boys decided to protest their school’s strict uniform policy which 1 wearing shorts no matter what weather, by showing up to school in skirts. After they 2 to the bathroom to change into all-black skirts, seventeen White church High School students emerged wearing skirts on campus, and they 3 in the campaign to resist the customary uniform trousers. The boys’ 4 was less an act of politically urged civil disobedience than it was a way to beat the heat. While none of the boys were punished for their protesting efforts, the movement was short-lived. After proudly 5 into the headmaster’s office shouting “we want to wear shorts”, they were quickly ordered to change back into trousers. “We had a 6 with some boys and they have worn trousers,” said Principal Jones Williams. Protester Tyrone Evelyn, 15, told Wales Online that the group would continue 7 for a change. “It’s just appropriate for the weather. Over the last few days I’ve had a few headaches and skin irritations. Girls can wear skirts, so I don’t see why we can’t wear shorts. It’s a reasonable protest.” The boys 8 agreed to write a letter to their Students’ Union, applying for a rule change by next summer. Heat 9 and heat stroke are the two most common illnesses that occur when temperature rises. According to Mayo Clinic, wearing loose-fitting and light-colored clothing helps protected person from trapping sweat or 10 too much heat. Passage 2 A．avoid       B．diligent      C． flexible     D．guidance      E. imagination F. independent G. initiative  H. prospects     I. pursue       J. ruin          K. unrealistic Why don’t you get a proper job? Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious. They are optimistic about their 1 , but their career ideas are rather vague. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is boring but pays the bills. Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to 2 traditionally female careers such as nursing. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. But the world has changed. The global economy is not kind to yesterday’s 3 and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the 4 . This means that a 14-year-old who sees her working future as a kind of adventure, to be made up as she goes along, is not necessarily being 5 . However, she has to have the training and 6 to help her develop the right skills for today’s market; not the rigid (死板的) preparation for a workplace that disappeared 20 years ago. So what is to be done? Agood first step would be to change the way in which schools prepare young people for adult life. The education system is becoming less 7 and more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills at just the time that the employment market is going in the opposite direction. Accurate, up-to-date information on new jobs and qualifications can help guidance counsellors to help their students. Young people need solid information on the sort of training they need to 8 the career of their dreams. Also, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes. Once we’ve done that, it’s easier to see how important it is that they learn how to be 9 and resourceful. Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, 10 is a terrible thing to waste. 话题2 运动与健康 Passage 1 A．cracked B．court C． assured D．stressed E. harboring F. making G. roared H. groundbreaking I. ultimate J. sensation K. check “Queen Wen” Ready to Reign Zheng Qinwen has become the second Chinese to ever reach a major singles final after Li Na’s pioneering triumph at the Australian Open a decade ago. So close to the championship and so disappointed! Yet, it is with so much pride that we can reflect on the journey of a Grand Slam champion in the 11 . Despite her tough final loss to defending champion Aryna Sabalenka, the tennis 12 Zheng’s amazing run at the Australian Open has served up another major boost for the sport in China. An aggressive talent, 13 championship dreams since watching Li in 2014, Zheng was one step away from having her own name on the same trophy, as she started battle against the mighty Sabalenka on Saturday evening, 14 by an enthusiastic Chinese crowd at the Rod Laver Arena and the entire tennis community back home. Two sets and 76 minutes later, Zheng’s first Grand Slam final ended in an alert reality 15 that, the 21-year-old still has plenty of catching up to do before reaching the very top of the game, technically and mentally, even though she 16 the world top 10. It is a must because, if one loses, there must be a reason behind it. Zheng has to try to figure out why, and then she will come back stronger and better next time. Coming up just one step short of the 17 prize, Zheng held back tears at the award ceremony while gazing at the trophy when Sabalenka lifted it for a second time in a row. She 18 how much better she could have done during the postmatch interviews, even with media all greeting her with words of encouragement. Nothing seemed enough to satisfy the ambitious competitor, who’s already achieved many “firsts” for Chinese tennis over the past two weeks. With Zheng leading the way, China will have seven female players ranked within the top 100. This progress owes a lot to Li’s 19 career, which helped encourage Zheng’s generation to dream bigger. Witnessing the collective rise of the next generation, Li said she can rest 20 that the game’s future is in good hands. Passage 2 A．concentrating    B．constantly    C． contrary    D．deliciously    E. healing F. originates    G. peaceful    H. reduction    I. sort    J. specializes    K. thorough Enjoying Your Life’s Pauses Each country has its own secret to happiness. If “pyt”, which closely means “don’t worry about it and stuff happens”, explains a relaxed attitude of Danish people, “niksen” will reveal how Dutch people fight stress and burnout in a fast-paced lifestyle. The term “Niksen” 21 from the Dutch word “niks”, which refers to “nothing”. Mindfulness, another welcome subject to help people have a 22 mind. But unlike mindfulness, niksen is not about 23 on the present moment. It’s about letting yourself do nothing, and allowing your mind to run free without expectation. In practice, this means “hanging around, looking at your surroundings, or listening to music as long as it’s without purpose,” according to Time Magazine. Niksen sounds 24 to the advice we were all given as kids. Nowadays, we’re 25 told to stay busy and work harder than everyone else. But niksen opposes that mentality. It offers the chance to“ 26 do nothing”, as Carolien Hamming, a coach at CSR Centrum, an organization devoted to fighting stress and burnout in the Netherlands, told Time. She thinks that niksen is essential to staying healthy, since it’s a form of mental relaxation and 27 . Just as a wild animal lies in wait for their prey, niksen seems to be a natural state of being. For some people, niksen can mean more than just stress 28 . It’s also a means to imagine new ideas or plans. Jenny Holden, a communications expert in the UK, adds it to her daily lunch breaks. “Within 10 minutes of doing nothing-just staring and listening to myself -my head began to clear and 29 out my work and home to-do lists,” she told the Metro UK. Above all, niksen is a suggestion for balancing work and rest. As Dutch-born writer Ogla Mecking wrote in US-based Whoolly Magazine, niksen is the “ 30 enjoyment of life’s pauses”. Everyone is encouraged to embrace your niksen moments. 话题3 文学与艺术 Passage 1 A．topic      B．developed      C． arguably     D．increasingly     E. repeated     F. events G. shares     H. individual     I. influenced     J. appeals          K. literary Poetry is a kind of writing in which the sound and meaning of groups of words express ideas or emotion in addition to the experiences or strong feelings the writer 1 . Unlike most other forms of writing, poetry is often written in lines, rather than paragraphs. Poetry also sounds different from other forms of writing, often using rhythm and rhyme to create an interesting sound when read aloud. Poetry catches the attention of a reader because it 2 to both emotions and senses. Sound is 3 the single most important aspect of any poem. The sound that any given word makes, or the sounds that come from specific groups of words used together, are what make poetry so unique as a form of writing. A typical story or report does not focus on the sounds that each 4 word makes when read. But poems generally contain few words, so it is important that each word plays a role in making an impact on the reader. Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem. When you read a poem you can often hear this 5 pattern, or “beat” in the sounds. This is called meter. Some of the oldest and best-known poetry in the world came from Ancient Greece. As far back as 700 BCE, poets there recited their work at public 6 and religious ceremonies. The great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer came from Greece. The Greeks eventually 7 Roman poets, such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE. In medieval times, poems such as Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante. and The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written. Religion and romance became the 8 of choice for many poets at that time. Poetry 9 even more during the Renaissance period of history, an era of many great cultural achievements. This was the period during which Shakespeare, the most well-known poet, was making his mark! Needless to say, a trend had started. Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of 10 expression in modern times. Passage 2 A．excelled    B．typically    C． devote     D．destination    E. surely F. barriers     G. winding    H. pursuing    I. keys       J. essentials    K. productive The Art of Blooming Late In his teens and early twenties, Mozart had to work as an organist and concertmaster in his native Salzburg to make ends meet. Underpaid and unfulfilled, he felt a(n) burning desire to 41 more time and energy to his art. So after a period of doubt and deliberation, that’s exactly what he did. He quit his job and embarked on what turned out to be the most 42 and creative period of his life. Even if you never hope to reach Mozart’s level of mastery, you may consider how he removed all the 43 in his path to success. Maybe you’ve done everything right — 44 at school, worked hard, and landed a good, high-paying job-but you’re tired of being just like everyone else. However, drafting a plan of action can be daunting. What, then, is holding you back? Rich Karlgaard, the publisher of Forbes magazine and author of Late Bloomers, argues that our cultures’ customs with early achievement discourages us from 45 our passions. Instead of having varied interests, studying widely, and taking our time — 46 to self-discovery-we’re encouraged to ace tests, become specialists right away, and pursue safe, stable, and profitable careers. As a result, most of us end up choosing professional excellence over personal fulfillment, and often we lose ourselves in the process. To prompt a revolution in your own life, there are a few things to keep in mind. First and foremost, it’s never too late to “become” yourself. Aristotle, for example, didn’t fully devote himself to writing and philosophy until he was nearly 50. There are also benefits to taking a long, 47 path to self-fulfillment. Remember that age 48 brings wisdom, resilience, self-knowledge, and creativity. That said, once you’ve decided to embark on the journey, it may take years, if not longer, to reach your 49 . But as research has shown, small daily changes can have a compound effect and slowly but 50 lead you closer to the person you think you ought to be. 话题4 社会与文化 Passage 1 A．aimed  B．characterized  C． connection  D．decline  E. emerging  F. objective  G. previously  H. randomly  I. revealed  J. promising  K. shallow We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive 1 . “The 2 field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions 3 at enhancing brain health.” In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a 4 path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging. The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis 5 two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has 6 been associated with healthy brain aging. The Mediterranean diet is 7 by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more 8 analysis of these associations. “First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the 9 between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.” However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted 10 to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health. Passage 2 A．accurately  B．attaches  C． displaying  D．employed  E. feedback   F. foresaw G. guide  H. increasingly  I. map  J. operating  K. wonders VR surgery Richard Satava, a program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual” environment for surgeons. “With virtual reality we’ll be able to put a surgeon in every trench(战壕),” said Satava. He 11 a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers. The computers would convey images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U. S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets that contain a small screen 12 the image of the wound. The doctors would 13 robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier. Although Satava’s vision may be years away from standard 14 procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a 3D image of the surgery, they move instruments connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides 15 to the surgeon. The technological 16 may not yet be part of the community hospital setting. However, with the passage of time, some of the machinery is 17 finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3D image. She can then move the 3D image on the computer screen to 18 the shortest and least invasive surgical path to the cancer. Zamorano is also using technology that 19 a needle to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a cancer deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient’s brain taken before surgery. During these procedures surgeons are wearing 3D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more 20 than human surgeons can. Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine.” 话题5 生态与自然 Passage 1 A．appearances B．imitating C． distinguish D．isolate E. advantageous F. diverse G. identical H. criterion I. markings J. poisonous K. threatening Why different species start looking exactly the same Is it better to stand out from the crowd or be similar to the background? For birds, the answer is complicated. While peacocks(孔雀) show off their brightly colored feathers to attract mates and ward off predators(捕食者), other birds find it 1 to hide themselves by imitating the looks of other birds. Groups of birds flying together often come from the same species, making it hard to 2 one from another. However, some groups of birds including two or more species take on similar 3 , which is an uncommon phenomenon. “They all share random features, like feathers on head or yellow bellies(腹部), which makes them almost 4 . You can’t really tell them apart without looking at their 5 .” says Scott Robinson, a famous scholar. His new study suggests 6 another bird’s appearance is not a coincidence(巧合) but rather an evolutionary method to increase their chances of survival. Looking like a bird from a dominant species helps reduce attack from other members and appear more 7 to potential predators. “In imitation, you often want to look like something because there’s an advantage to being that other thing. You want species to think you’re 8 or low-profitable target.” says Rebecca Kimball, a professor of biology. “In grouping birds, one idea is that this has more to do with a predator’s ability to 9 a target. When there are a group of birds moving around, it may be easier for predators to identify an individual that has a distinct color pattern.” While it may not seem like it at first, imitating other birds is helping to create more 10 species. Not only do birds imitate more than one species as they grow up, but their appearance varies over time. Passage 2 A．exported        B．dumping        C． equity       D．driven   E. bumping     F. share    G. unfounded     H. simply   I. projected     J. obsessed     K. supposedly Taking a Wrong Turn The word “overcapacity” has recently gained attention after US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen claimed that China has caused “overcapacity” in the new energy sector, including electric vehicles(EVs) and lithium batteries (锂电池). 1 put, “overcapacity”, in Yellen’s words, refers to producing too many goods, which could lead to global price distortions and affect businesses and workers in other countries. However, this viewpoint is 2 and lacks evidence. Contrary to concerns about “overcapacity”, global production in the new energy sector is actually at “undercapacity” — production is insufficient to meet demand. Data from the International Energy Agency showed that global demand for new energy vehicles(NEVs)is 3 to reach 45 million units by 2030, 4.5 times the 2022 levels. The idea that China has 4 new energy products at low prices is also incorrect. Chinese NEVs are sold at higher prices overseas than in China, and despite this, their sales continue to grow rapidly. Even the US magazine The Atlantic admitted, “Chinese electric vehicles are cheap, stylish, and high quality… Instead, the White House is going out of its way to keep Chinese EVs out of the US.” These observations indicate that the pricing and sales of new energy products are 5   by international market supply and demand, rather than being only affected by the so-called “overcapacity” caused by China. Moreover, China’s over 60 percent 6 of the global power battery market comes from its focus on technological innovation and high-quality production, not low-cost 7 . “The purpose of technological innovation has never been to widen global differences,” Zeng Yuqun, founder and CEO of CATL, a leading company in new energy innovative technologies, told 21st Century Business Herald. “For China’s power batteries, technological innovation has 8 progress; green development has sustained growth, and technological 9 is the goal,” Zeng added. While China focuses on innovation and quality, the US is 10 with a “100-percent Made in America” goal. The Biden administration plans to subsidize (补贴) US businesses and promote the use of domestic materials to achieve this goal. 话题6 科学与技术 Passage 1 A．piloted         B．precisely    C． barriers     D．fault    E. misjudge F. life-threatening   G. transition   H. priorities    I. tempted  J. posed   K. undeniably Your robot driver is on its way Driving has many downsides: There’s pollution, traffic, finding a place to park. But worst of all are the crashes. In 2023, an estimated 40,990 people were killed in car crashes in the United States. Reducing traffic crashes should be among the nation’s highest 1 . Behind each one lie many human errors. People get behind the wheel when they are drunk or sleepy, and they text or talk on their phones instead of paying attention to the road. Or they simply 2 road conditions. Enormous work has gone into reducing these human errors. But data from Waymo, Alphabet’s self-driving car unit, suggests that a better strategy might be to take the driver out of the picture and let vehicles be 3 by machines that will never get distracted or drunk, or be 4 to break traffic laws because they’re running late. Waymo robotaxis have logged 33 million miles and the company’s figures show that Waymo robotaxi vehicles deliver 5 better safety performance. Compared with cars driven by humans, Waymo vehicles have been involved in 62 percent fewer police-reported crashes and 78 percent fewer crashes that resulted in injury. Timothy B．Lee, author of the Understanding AI newsletter, pointed out the crashes “were mostly low-speed collisions (碰撞)” that 6 no serious safety risk. “A large majority appeared to be the 7 of the other driver,” Lee said. It’s too early to know how much self-driving cars could reduce 8 crashes. But it’s reasonable to hope that Waymo will prove safer than human drivers. Governments at all levels should be rushing to knock down regulatory 9 that stand in the way of faster adoption of driverless cars while also ensuring that the companies meet the highest standards for safety and accountability. In early January, the Autonomous Vehicle Industry Association released a proposed policy framework that aims to speed the 10 . The association also calls for a national safety database to provide a better view of crash incidents involving self-driving cars. Passage 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $