Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage (语法项目——简单句、并列句和主从复合句)（Word教参）-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（译林版）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 　　　(语法项目——简单句、并列句和主从复合句) 语境中体悟 Habits, whether they are good or bad①， are gradually formed. When a person does a certain thing again and again②， he'll be obliged to do it in the same way by some unseen force. Thus habit is formed③. Once a habit is formed④， it is difficult and sometimes almost impossible to get rid of it. Therefore, it is very important that we should take care in the formation of habits⑤. Good habits have many advantages, such as going to bed early, and getting up early which makes us healthy⑥. Diligence helps to succeed. If we form bad habits, such as rudeness, laziness, lying and stealing⑦， we might be mined by them. Keep away from bad habits and we'll acquire good habits for ourselves and others⑧. [语法入门] ①句是whether引导的让步状语从句； ②句是when引导的时间状语从句； ③句是简单句； ④句是once引导的条件状语从句； ⑤句是that引导的主语从句； ⑥句是which引导的定语从句； ⑦句是if引导的条件状语从句； ⑧句是and连接的并列句。 学案中理清 按句子的结构分类，英语句子有三大类：简单句、并列句和主从复合句。 一、简单句 1．简单句是只包含一个主谓结构的句子。但是有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句。 2．简单句中句子各成分都是只由单词或短语构成的。 3．在简单句中主谓结构是句子的主干，是句子的核心。 4．简单句可归纳为五种基本句型： (1)主语＋谓语； (2)主语＋连系动词＋表语； (3)主语＋谓语＋宾语； (4)主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补； (5)主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①He often reads English in the morning. 他常常在早晨读英语。 ②Tom and Mike are American boys. 汤姆和迈克是美国男孩。 ③She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 她喜欢画画，并常为墙报画画。 二、并列句 常用的并列连词有： (1)表示并列，常用and, not only ... but also ..., neither ... nor ... 等。 (2)表示选择，常用的连词有or, either ... or ... 等。 (3)表示转折或对比，常用的连词有but, yet, while等。 (4)表示因果，常用的连词有so, for等。 [对点练]　(用适当的并列连词填空) ①(2024·浙江1月高考)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home or you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh. ②(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, but/yet somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. ③Still, eat well and enjoy yourself every day in life, and you will get a worthwhile reward. ④Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. 三、主从复合句　 1．复合句的定义：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。 2．从句通常由关联词引导，关联词将从句和主句联系起来。 3．主句为句子的主体部分；从句无法独立，但可以充当句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语和状语，即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。前四种从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，统称为名词性从句。 [对点练]　(用适当的关联词完成句子) ①(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming. ②(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is why they need an English trainer. ③The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. ④How much income we can expect this year is not yet known. ⑤The man who/that is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 应用中融通 Ⅰ.写出短文中各句的句子类型(简单句、并列句和主从复合句) I'm obviously in support of positive thinking as the best way to achieve your goals.(①简单句) But it turns out that it can lead to happiness too. (②主从复合句) Optimism and self-esteem are some of the best indicators of people who lead happy lives. (③主从复合句)Happy people feel empowered, in control of their lives, and have a positive outlook on life. (④简单句) Action steps: Make positive thinking a habit. (⑤简单句) In fact, this should be one of the first habits you develop. (⑥主从复合句) If you get into the habit of squashing (消除) all negative thoughts, you'll replace them with positive ones. (⑦主从复合句) Instead of “I can't”， think “I can”. (⑧简单句) It may sound corny (过时的), but it has worked for me, every time.(⑨并列句) Ⅱ.用适当的连词填空 1．One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help. 2．We may not be able to recall the things we have heard or seen, but they are all kept there in the storehouse of the human mind. 3．Now you can have a rest or go to the cinema. 4．Some of us let these dreams die, while/but others protect them and take care of them through bad days until they bring them to the sunshine. 5．The short road, the easy path and the light load all lead to lower grades in school life. 1．So, we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood. 所以，我们设计了青少年健康网站在通往成年的旅途中帮助你。 ★design vt.设计；制订n.设计；设计艺术 |用|法|感|知| •This course is designed to improve our English. 这个课程被用来提高我们的英语。 •(“体育活动”主题佳句)Children above 12 can take part in skiing or other sports designed for them to build up their body. 12岁以上的孩子可以参加滑雪或其他专门为他们设计的增强体质的运动。 •She arrived just as we were leaving, but I'm not sure whether this was by accident or by design. 我们刚离开她就到了，但我不确定这是意外还是故意的。 [归纳点拨] (1)design sth. for ...　　　　 为……设计某物 be designed to do ... 目的是做…… be designed as ... 设计作为…… (2)by design＝on purpose 故意地 (3)designer n. 设计者 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①These programs are designed to develop (develop) the economy. ②These tennis shoes are designed for comfort and performance. ③This is the mark of her real genius as a designer (design)． ④Whether he did it by design/on purpose or not is still unknown. 他做这件事是否有意尚不清楚。 2．It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum. 这件事有可能已经在我们的论坛上讨论过了。 ★likely adj.可能的，预料的，有希望的adv.可能地 |用|法|感|知| •(“邀请”类写作佳句)If you join us in the team, we are likely to win the game. 如果你加入我们的队伍，我们很可能赢得比赛。 •If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely that he will get the job. 如果一个人面试迟到了，他就不可能得到这份工作。 [归纳点拨] be likely to　　　　　 有可能……；有希望…… It is likely that ... 有可能…… Sb. is likely to ... 某人有可能…… [易混辨析]　likely, possible, probable likely 指从外表、迹象上判断有可能发生。既可以用人也可以用物作主语 It is likely that ... 或Sb./Sth.is likelyto ... possible 指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能用人作主语 It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或It is possible that ... probable 可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。不能用人作主语 It's probable that ..., 不能用于It's probable for sb. to do sth.这一结构 |应|用|融|会| (1)句型转换/完成句子 ①If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others. →If you grow up in a large family, it is more likely that you develop the ability to get on well with others. ②It is likely that you will make your friends feel embarrassed if you don't know the Chinese table manners. 如果你不懂中国人的餐桌礼仪，就有可能会让你的朋友感到尴尬。 (2)选词填空(likely, possible, probable) It is ③possible that it will rain, but with such a blue sky it doesn't seem ④probable. In that case, we are ⑤likely to go climbing this afternoon. 3．Right now, it's just making you anxious and having a bad influence on your performance. 现在，它只是在使你焦虑，并且正在对你的表现产生不好的影响。 ★performance n．表现；表演；执行，履行 |用|法|感|知| •Finally, a Peking Opera performance will be given assuming that time permits. 最后，如果时间允许的话，将有一场京剧表演。 •The dancer put on a wonderful performance last weekend. 这位舞蹈家上周末举行了一场精彩演出。 •After that, we'll sing their favourite songs and perform folk dances. 在那之后，我们将唱他们最喜爱的歌曲并表演民间舞蹈。 归纳点拨 (1)give performances/a performance (to ...) (给……)表演或演奏 put on performances/a performance 表演；演出 (2)perform vt.& vi. 表演；履行；执行 perform a(n) ... role in 在……中起……作用 perform an operation 进行手术 perform one's duty/promise 尽责任/履行承诺 (3)performer n. 执行者；表演者 语境串记 That famous performer is said to have performed a humorous performance at yesterday's evening party, which has left a deep impression on the audience. 据说那位著名的表演者在昨天的晚会上上演了一场幽默的表演，给观众留下了深刻的印象。 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空) ①I'm looking forward to your wonderful performance (perform) in the coming games. ②On National Day, our class put on a wonderful performance. ③Each person of our country has to perform his (he) own duty. 4．Cheer up, Teresa.振作起来，特蕾莎。 ★cheer up (使)变得高兴，振奋起来 |用|法|感|知| •(总结升华句)I do hope you can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely! 我真的希望你能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！ •(“场景描写”佳句)All her family and her friends came to the game and cheered for her. 她所有的家人和朋友都来到这个比赛为她鼓劲加油。 •He seems in low spirits today, how can we cheer him up？　 他今天看上去无精打采，我们怎样才能让他高兴起来呢？ [归纳点拨] cheer sb.up　　 使某人振作起来 cheer sb.on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油 cheer for 为……喝彩叫好/鼓劲加油 |应|用|融|会| (完成句子) ①I wrote that song just to cheer him up. 我写那首歌只是想让他振作起来。 ②A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to cheer them on. 1 000名支持者涌进体育场为他们加油。 ③Let's go to the football game and cheer for our favorite team. 让我们去看足球比赛吧，为我们最喜爱的球队呐喊助威。 [课时检测] (标语篇配有教师讲评课件) Ⅰ.阅读理解 As you grow rapidly through your teenage years, you will experience a lot of changes.The changes may seem difficult and they may seem to happen quickly.Don't panic! You will deal successfully with them! You are a young adult now! With more responsibility, you will find more freedom to make your own choices.This is a time to be well informed about your choices so that you can make healthy balanced decisions that will help shape your future.You may already know your career path or you may have no idea at all what you want to do.Both situations are fine! Work hard and the right opportunity will present itself to you. Young adulthood means greater freedom and more choices.You will probably want to be independent.But try not to shut your family out of your life.You should learn to think of others even though you are old enough to look after yourself.Your family have been with you since you came into this world. It is also perfectly natural in this time for you to spend more time with your friends than your family.Choose your friends wisely.A true friend will stand by you no matter what happens.This period is part of the life cycle.There are some people who will be with you throughout life's journey and there will be some people with whom you part and go separate ways. Leaving school can be hard.The reality is that you may not ever see all of your classmates again. You are a young adult.It is your life.No one can live it for you.The choices that you make from now on will be your choices.So making the right choices will be important to you.Life is for living.Enjoy your life wisely! 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了每个人在成长的过程中都需要经历的过程：学会承担责任，学会独立，懂得自己做出正确的选择。 1．Who do the underlined words “some people” in paragraph 4 probably refer to? A．Your parents.　　　　 B．Your classmates. C．True friends. D．Your relatives. 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“A true friend will stand by you no matter what happens.”可知，“some people”指代“真正的朋友”。 2．As far as the author is concerned, what is teenage years? A．It is a period of complete freedom. B．It is too hard for young people to get through. C．It is an important time for the young to make the right choices. D．It is a very important period for young students to leave their parents. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“This is a time to be well informed about your choices ... help shape your future.”和最后一段中的“So making the right choices will be important to you.”可知，对于青少年来说，青少年时期是他们做出正确选择的关键时期。 3．Who is the passage mainly intended for? A．Teenagers. B．Teachers. C．Young parents. D．Adults. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据本文关键词“teenage years”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了帮助青少年了解青少年时期该如何做，所以主要是写给青少年的。 4．What's the best title for this passage? A．The Choices in Life B．The Key to Success C．Say Goodbye to the Past D．Becoming a Young Adult 解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据第一段最后两句可知，本文主要告诫青少年要成长起来，独立解决问题，成为一个成年人，承担起成年人的责任，故D项适合作本文标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Every child admires a hero in his heart, and so it is with me.My dad is always playing the 5 of a hero, because he is brave, skilled, and respectful.I hear many children say their dads are their heroes, but my dad teaches me about becoming a man, which is 6 important for a young boy. My respect for my father goes back a long way, as does patience.As an electrician, my dad has to 7 varieties of people every day, some of whom are nice but some are contrary.Either way, he 8 his well-mannered attitude. Dad is not afraid of many things, or even if he is, he doesn't inform me of anything about it because he wants to seem 9 .He may not be a big guy but since he works with his hands all day, he is very strong.Dad works outdoors in all kinds of conditions, but the worst thing he has to do is 10 up and work in an attic (阁楼) in the middle of the summer.To tell you the truth, this is the 11 place you will experience as an electrician and when you come back down, what is in your lungs will make you 12 for hours. My dad and I have a very good 13 .We talk about almost everything.We go hunting, fishing, and everything a dad and son would do.My dad and I enjoy hiking most because it gives us 14 outdoors and thus we both can have a lot more fun together.Indeed, there is nothing like that.He has 15 and taught me everything I need to know about 16 . I am 17 to be the son of Leo C．， and would not have it any other way.People come up to me all the time to tell me I have a good dad.It makes me feel 18 that a lot of people think so 19 of him.He is a good teacher of my life and would do anything for me.This is why my father is my hero. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文章中回忆了自己的父亲，以及父亲对自己人生的影响。 5．A.figure　　　　　　 B．role C．image D．deed 解析：选B　根据下文“because he is brave, skilled, and respectful”可知，作者的父亲总是扮演英雄的角色。play the role of“扮演……的角色”。 6．A.hardly B．extremely C．specially D．nearly 解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代的是“my dad teaches me about becoming a man”这件事，由此可知，这对于一个男孩来说是极其重要的。 7．A.take to B．deal with C．wait for D．look after 解析：选B　根据空后“varieties of people every day, some of whom are nice and some are contrary”可知，作为电工的父亲每天必须和别人打交道。 8．A.makes B．offers C．hides D．holds 解析：选D　根据空后“his well-mannered attitude”可知，作者的父亲无论面对什么样的人都持有彬彬有礼的态度。 9．A.tough B．proud C．smart D．adorable 解析：选A　根据上文“Dad is not afraid of many things, or even if he is, he doesn't inform me of anything about it”可知，他不告诉作者，是因为他想看上去是坚强的。 10．A.stand B．sit C．climb D．stay 解析：选C　根据下文“work in an attic in the middle of the summer”可知，作者的父亲应是攀爬到阁楼上。 11．A.coldest B．highest C．best D．hottest 解析：选D　根据上文“work in an attic in the middle of the summer”可知，在夏天，阁楼肯定是最热的地方。 12．A.rest B．cough C．ache D．sleep 解析：选B　根据常识和上文“what is in your lungs”可知，此处指肺里的东西会让你咳嗽数小时。 13．A.relationship B．friendship C．agreement D．companion 解析：选A　根据下文“We talk about almost everything.We go hunting, fishing, and everything a dad and son would do.”可知，作者和父亲关系很好。 14．A.comfort B．belief C．time D．relief 解析：选C　根据上文“My dad and I enjoy hiking most”可知，父亲和作者最喜欢徒步旅行，是因为这给了他们户外活动的时间。 15．A.learned B．referred C．shown D．collected 解析：选C　根据语境和空后“taught me everything I need to know about ”可知，父亲向作者展示并教给他关于大自然的一切。 16．A.animals B．nature C．study D．skills 解析：选B　根据上文“My dad and I enjoy hiking most because it gives us ___________ outdoors and thus we both can have a lot more fun together.”可知，作者和父亲到户外去远足，他向作者展示并教给他关于大自然的一切。 17．A.excited B．eager C．surprised D．proud 解析：选D　根据下文“People come up to me all the time to tell me I have a good dad.”可知，人们称赞作者的父亲是一个好父亲，故作者为有这样的父亲而感到骄傲。 18．A.well B．good C．nervous D．bad 解析：选B　根据前文“I am to be the son of Leo C．”以及“People come up to me all the time to tell me I have a good dad.”可知，作者为拥有一个好父亲而感到骄傲，故别人高度赞扬父亲时让作者感觉很高兴。feel good“感到愉快，感到高兴”。 19．A.easily B．seriously C．highly D．lightly 解析：选C　根据上文“People come up to me all the time to tell me I have a good dad.”可知，人们对父亲评价很高。think highly of sb.“高度评价某人”。 Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)() I was pushed into writing the “top ten problems the young face” after I attended a school programme, where I had the opportunity to interact with many 20 (teenage). Each conversation was only adding one more item to the list of problems. About two 21 (three) of girls in year nine to year twelve “worry about their appearance”. While there were no gender differences in worries about school, girls are anxious about 22 (get) along with parents and what to do when they are older. Girls 23 (prove) to worry more about personal problems and romantic relationship, and are more 24 (concern) about their own images in peer group. In fact, the only thing 25 boys worry about more than girls is succeeding in their physical activities. 26 parents need to do is to look at ways to help teens and take 27 (responsible) for what we are exposing our teens to right now. We cannot afford 28 (ignore) the parental duties of bringing them up well from the time they are young. Televisions, computers and other gadgets that they spend most of the time 29 cannot give them a bright future. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了青少年所面临的一些问题并提出了解决方法。 20．teenagers　考查名词复数。根据句意可知，此处表示“青少年”；由空前的“many”可知，此处需要填名词的复数形式，故填teenagers。 21．thirds　考查数词。 “基数词＋序数词”是分数的表达法，当分子大于一时，分母要用序数词的复数形式。 22．getting　考查非谓语动词。空处应用动名词形式作介词about的宾语。 23．are proven　考查时态和语态。根据句意可知，空处在句中作谓语，且和主语Girls之间构成被动关系，表示一般情况，故填are proven。 24．concerned　考查形容词。空处应用形容词作are的表语，且be concerned about 为固定搭配，意为“关心”。 25．that　考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，先行词thing在从句中充当宾语，且被the only 修饰，一般用that引导从句。 26．What　考查主语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，在从句中充当do的宾语，且指代事物，故用What。 27．responsibility　考查名词。空处作take的宾语，需要用名词形式；take responsibility for为固定搭配，表示“对……负责”。 28．to ignore　考查非谓语动词。空处作动词afford的宾语，afford后应接不定式作宾语，故填to ignore。 29．on　考查介词。that指代先行词gadgets，在定语从句中作空处的宾语，固定搭配spend time on意为“在……上花费时间”，故填on。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$