专题03 阅读理解 （议论文）（期末真题汇编，山东专用）高二英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-21学年高二上·山东省潍坊·期末） When discussions are getting heated, divisions on opinions potentially lead to some awkward moments. This causes many of us to struggle with how to convince people to change their minds and how to argue our side effectively. Unfortunately, we’ve already become quite divided. One study showed that when people receive information against their beliefs, their brains aren’t as active as when they receive information that confirms their beliefs. Humans have a well- documented bias (偏见) called the “confirmation bias”, which is a tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing views and to avoid information that disconfirms them. Throwing data at people isn’t at all effective in changing minds and especially hearts. Instead, people just find it super annoying. Luckily, research has provided some guidance about best practices, and, not surprisingly, they all suggest what our parents have been telling us for decades: You catch more flies with honey than with vinegar. In fact, it turns out that instead of citing why you are right and someone else is wrong in a heated conversation, one of the most effective strategies you can use for changing someone’s mind is to find areas where you agree. Another thing we can do is to be open to other perspectives (观点) . We can start by acknowledging our own confirmation bias and making a conscious effort to override it. We can also try to take other people’s perspectives. And better yet — ask them for it. Ask them why they feel the way they do and what would change their mind. Be open to admitting that you could be wrong and make it easy for others to admit their own mistakes. Finally, make new friends — friends that are different from you. Make your bias a disconfirmation bias;in other words, when you have an opinion on something, don’t just read information that confirms it. Instead, make an effort to find information that could potentially prove you wrong. If you were right all along, this exercise will only make your arguments stronger. If you were wrong, your mind will have been opened up to new ideas. Either way, this kind of open-mindedness will give you a brand-new perspective on life, and you might even make some unlikely new friends in the process. 1．Which can illustrate “confirmation bias”? A．We tend to welcome different ideas. B．We accept messages from the others. C．We argue against points of disagreement. D．We prefer information in line with our views 2．What does the underlined word “honey”in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Following advice. B．Sharing common ground. C．Admitting mistakes. D．Blocking different ideas. 3．How can we benefit from our bias according to the last paragraph? A．By letting go of our own opinion. B．By making arguments more reliable. C．By opening up minds to new friends. D．By securing information opposite to ours. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．How to negotiate with others B．Why it’s so hard to change hearts and minds C．How to shift minds in polarized communication D．Why open-mindedness is effective in conversations Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·山东临沂·期末） If you had to use one word to define yourself, what would it be? Imagine trying to summarize your entire being in just one word or two — a challenging task indeed. Labels, like “confident” or “creative”, may suggest certain aspects, but they can never fully capture the richness and depth of a person’s character. Labels take on an “all-or-nothing” meaning. Someone either is something, or they’re not. The biggest problem with labeling people is that it oversimplifies their complex nature. Using labels infers people’s current behavior is fixed, but people change. As they learn, they grow, and someone we think of in a certain way today might not remain the same in a few months or years. When we label people, we deny their complexity, their right to change, and their richness as human beings. Furthermore, labels can become self-fulfilling prophecies (预言). When people are constantly told they are a certain way, they may start to remember these labels and act accordingly. This hinders their potential for growth and development, as they may feel trapped by social expectations. For example, if parents label a child as “annoying” or “a complainer”, the child may feel their needs aren’t important. Over time, being ignored for complaining too much can lead the child to believe that expressing their needs is not acceptable. Consequently, their self-perception (自我认知) may suffer, and they may even start to devalue themselves as a result. Linguist Benjamin Whorf once argued that the words we use to describe what we see are rarely objective, as they carry personally prejudice. Labels can be harmful because they can reduce individuals to a single characteristic or stereotype (刻板印象). Therefore, we should be mindful of the language we use and the labels we attach to people. By adopting a more open view of life, people, and events, we can appreciate the richness and diversity of human experience, and cope with the complexities of our interconnected world. 1．What is the biggest problem with labeling people? A．It expresses a subjective opinion. B．It denies the complexity of humans. C．It overstates people’s shortcomings. D．It ignores goodness in human nature. 2．What does the underlined word “hinders” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Exposes. B．Cultivates. C．Restricts. D．Determines. 3．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To present the bad effects of labeling on people. B．To show the importance of using language skillfully. C．To prove people’s natural tendency for being prejudiced. D．To encourage people to take an open-minded perspective. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text? A．Stop Labeling People B．Define Yourself Objectively C．Children Suffer a Lot from Labels D．Different Individuals Diversify the World Passage 3 （23-24学年高二上·山东德州·期末） The house had been cleaned and decorated elegantly. The air smelt fresh. Little labels on all we saw around the house displayed important details: date of purchase and the current selling price. We were at a garage sale. There was no talking or bargaining. Buyers could pick up at the listed price. All efforts that release cash that is locked into stuff touch me deeply. If they break conventional ideas, I will like them even more. It is my view that people love to follow suit and end up with emotions they ought to feel, rather than being true to themselves. To say that one does not care for one’s grandmother’s necklace is considered rude, so one would simply keep it in the locker and pass it on to the next generation. No longer so, I am guessing. It’s not always about money, but perhaps about considering one’s choices. My argument always is to use stuff, if you like it so much. Wear those pieces of jewellery; use those pieces of furnitures; take home those piles of old-time bedsheets. But if none of them fit into your current home, allow someone else to take them home. Turn those properties over instead of leaving them unused. Hoarding (囤积) is not a virtue. It is a waste of the money that is locked into the property you are hoarding. I may use it sometime in the future, say some. Give that a time frame. If you are holding something you haven’t used even once in five years, ask yourself if someone else may need it. Don’t sell if you don’t care for money; but do give it away. All else needs to earn their place for their value and usefulness for you. Celebrate the liberation from hoarding and let there be light! 1．What do people often do at the garage sale? A．Purchase a garage. B．Label their belongings. C．Talk about decoration. D．Trade their unused stuff. 2．Why does the author mention “necklace” in paragraph 2? A．To call for respect towards the elderly. B．To advocate holding onto the family tradition. C．To show the financial condition of an average family. D．To prove people tend to follow suit against their wills. 3．What does the author believe according to paragraph 4? A．It is a good idea to save money. B．A good taste counts in purchase. C．Unused items deserve a new owner. D．The outdated should be thrown away. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To call on people to get rid of hoarding. B．To show his worry about wasting resources. C．To draw attention to conserving the traditions. D．To inspire people to spend more on meaningful things. Passage 4 （23-24学年高二上·山东淄博·期末） There seems to be a lot of talk these days about what is fair, and what is not. Most people tend to believe life should be fair. Some of the 99% seem to believe life has somehow treated them unfairly, and some of the 1% feel life hasn’t treated them fairly enough. My questions are these: What is fairness? Is life fair? Should life be fair? We clearly have no choice about how we come into this world. We have little choice early in life. But as we grow older, choices abound. I have long believed that while we have no control over the beginning of our life, the majority of us have the ability to influence the outcomes we attain. Fairness is a state of mind, and most often, an unhealthy state of mind. Our state in life cannot, or at least should not, be blamed on our parents, our teachers, or our society—it’s largely based on the choices we make, and the attitudes we adopt. Life is full of examples of the uneducated, the mentally and physically challenged people born into war-torn areas, who could have complained about life being unfair, but who instead chose a different path. Regardless of the challenges they faced, they had the character to choose contribution over complaint. I agree that challenges exist. I agree that many have an uphill battle due to the severity of the challenges they face. What I disagree with is the attempt to use fairness to solve all problems in the world. Rules and orders don’t create fairness, but people’s desire and determination can work around most life challenges. It doesn’t matter whether you are born with a silver spoon, plastic spoon, or no spoon at all. A friend of mine came to this country from Africa in his late teens, barely spoke the language, drove a cab while working his way through college, and is now the president of a technology services firm. Stories such as this are all around us-they are not miracles, nor are they the rare exception. They do, however, demonstrate blindness to the mindset of the fairness. 1．What does the underlined word “abound” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Change fully. B．Remain the same. C．Exist in numbers. D．Disappear completely. 2．What opinion does the writer agree with? A．Most of us can influence the results we achieve. B．Our background determines our choices. C．People’s desire and determination create unfairness. D．We should depend on fairness to solve all problems. 3．What is the primary purpose of the text? A．To promote efforts over complaint. B．To stress the importance of fairness. C．To share an inspiring story of a friend. D．To prove that fairness is a state of mind. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Fairness Is Justice B．Life Is Not Fair—Deal With It C．Fairness Comes First D．Fairness Creates Chances Passage 5 （23-24学年高二上·山东淄博·期末） Digging into a book together with your child is always a great way to spend time, but did you know reading to your child from day one has a whole range of benefits that will give them a flying start in life? There are a whole host of brilliant effects of hearing stories which boost children’s minds. This is just as important as learning to spell. While children are stuck indoors, reading is the best way to spark their imagination. They can travel to the moon, meet the Gruffalo and pop in to a chocolate factory. This means children will have a solid creative base and develop their story telling skills as well as enjoying adventurous days at home. There’s no better way to walk a mile in someone else’s shoes than reading their stories.  That is a great way to build empathy(共情) needed now more than ever. There are some fantastic children’s books worth seeking out which show characters from all races and backgrounds doing brilliant things, acting as strong role models for the next generation. These stories can encourage future leaders and thinkers, so every child can feel they can achieve their dreams, from the Little Leaders series to Bedtime Stories for Rebel Girls. It’s inspiring to see everyone following their own path despite the barriers they come across. There’s a large number of remarkable books out right now which help little ones process emotions. From The Colour Monster to Ruby’s Worry, these books will help them to name and understand different emotions, which is essential for social development, making friends and growing relationships. It can also help them deal with difficult feelings, like loss or grief, with amazing books like Paper Dolls which explores memory and loss in a beautiful and positive way. Reading time is a brilliant connection with parents or carers, which strengthens confidence and a sense of safety for the little ones. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Reading enables children to spell. B．Imagination is of great benefit to reading C．Children can be expert in story telling. D．Reading stimulates children’s imagination. 2．To understand others better, we are advised to A．read their stories B．set up role models C．improve story telling skills D．walk a mile in someone else’s shoes 3．Which book is recommended when children are in a bad mood? A．The Gruffalo. B．Little Leaders. C．Paper Dolls. D．The Colour Monster. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To introduce some books. B．To advise parents to read more. C．To encourage children to read more. D．To show the benefits of reading to children 主题02 人与社会——生活与文化 Passage 1 （21-22学年高二上·山师大附中·期末） Some high school students think it useless to receive higher education. Therefore, they choose not to go to college. If you're one of them, think again. Here are some reasons why you should go to college and receive a good education there. Schools and universities are the first places to get knowledge. We take that knowledge later on to build our careers after graduation. More knowledge will be gained after you start working, but without education, that job will not be within easy reach. Knowledge leads to knowledge. While limited within the walls of the educational places, we openly explore other cultures of the world! We come to know that ours is not the only culture. Other cultures have valuable things to share, enriching our own. Education also makes us want to travel and exchange with various cultures, getting more experience. When there's a recession in the economy（经济）, those who attended college will be more likely to find a new job than those who only finished high school and have a limited skills set. The more education you have, the more chances you will get to improve the quality of your life as you have a better job and earn a higher salary. When you're skillful and knowledgeable, you gain access to people of similar backgrounds and tastes. It means a good education leads to excellent networking. Good networking can benefit you a lot in your later life. A good education makes you a more interesting person. You can talk about ideas and events instead of just other people and what's on sale in stores. An educated person doesn't gossip（说闲话）, having a preference to discuss ideas and listen to what other people have to say. 1．What can we learn about college education from Paragraph 2? A．It offers you a chance to study abroad. B．It can allow you to gain more knowledge. C．It can improve the quality of your daily life. D．It encourages you to travel around the world. 2．What does the underlined word "recession" in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．change. B．drop. C．growth. D．support. 3．How can one benefit from a good education ? A．You can gossip about others’ affairs. B．You are likely to study well at school. C．You can work well with your coworkers. D．You get to know excellent people with similar interests. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The benefits of attending college. B．The exchange with other cultures. C．The access to good networking. D．The ways of college education. Passage 2 （19-20学年高二上·山东济南·期末） Teenagers who travel around the world alone have been making headlines quite often. A young person alone in a dangerous situation attracts attention and sponsors. Young sailors also attract various views. For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to cancel her voyage, yet the Prime Minister called her “a hero for young Australians” when she returned. It seemed there is confusion about the competence and independence of young people. The popular psychologists tell us that teenage brains are likely to make wrong judgments. But such ideas often do not apply to specific individuals. Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers vary greatly in their abilities. The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age but by discussion with the related, responsible adults. Some teens are certainly inexperienced and capable of childish mistakes, but the ones who attempt dangerous journeys normally do so by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult supporters. But it’s also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can desire to get achievements as unusual as Jessica Watson’s. Watson calls herself “an ordinary girl who had a dream”. Her intention is to encourage teenagers but this idea can have the opposite effect of making them feel not good enough because great achievements are beyond them. Should all teens have such dreams? Actually, individuals face varying circumstances that restrict their dreams. Teenagers who travel around the world alone should not be judged by preconceived (事先形成的) views about young people. Nor should young “ordinary” teenagers feel pressure to long for extraordinary personal goals. In fact, I believe the example of solo sailing overstresses individualism. The teenage years are when most of us “ordinary” people learn that we can achieve great things in cooperation with others. 1．What can we learn about Jessica Watson? A．She was criticized by the government. B．She eventually canceled her voyage. C．She has traveled around the world. D．She made a successful voyage. 2．What can be inferred about teenagers from the text? A．They have similar abilities. B．They make decisions on their own. C．They always make wrong judgments. D．They need supports of responsible adults. 3．Who does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Parents. B．Teenagers. C．Psychologists. D．Adults. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Divided Opinions on Young Adventurers B．Problems Faced by Adventurous Teens C．Various Ways to Become Independent D．Pressure to Achieve Personal Goals Passage 3 （18-19学年高二上·山东济宁·期末） High school biology teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphones were a problem in her class. But not even the students realized how much of a problem the devices were until Chavis did an in-class experiment. For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call that appeared on their phones. Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smartphones are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of student anxiety. “One girl, just during the one hour, got close to 150 Snapchat notifications. 150!” she said. Jean Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University in California, said it is not a coincidence that youth mental health issues have risen with the number of phones. “This use of phones has led to a loss of sleep and face-to-face interactions necessary for their growth,” she said. Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use. But nearly 4 percent of parents said they worry about the influence of social media on their child’s physical and mental health. Both schools and parents are starting to take steps to deal with the problem. Many public schools pay outside companies to watch students’ social media activity for signs of anxiety. Other schools invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs to help calm students. 1．What’s the purpose of Chavis’s experiment? A．To see how many students have smartphones. B．To find out how popular her students are. C．To show smartphones influence teenagers greatly. D．To tell her students how to use smartphones wisely. 2．How did Kelly Chavis feel about the result? A．Shocked. B．Excited. C．Satisfied. D．Frightened. 3．Which of the following is true according to Jean Twenge? A．Students are now under great stress. B．Students spend too much money on smartphones. C．Over-using phones cause drops in students’ grades. D．Over-using phones may harm students’ body and mind. 4．What might be talked about if the passage is continued? A．How other schools deal with students’ phones. B．Whether the ways to handle phones are effective. C．How some parents deal with their children’s phones. D．Whether students are willing to give up using phones. 主题01 人与社会——科技与生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东东营·期末） Poetry is maybe the most human of all human endeavors, which is thought least likely to be taken over by AI. But according to a recent study, this is not so, as non-experts rate AI poetry higher than poetry written by humans. The researchers chose 10 famous poets: Samuel Butler, Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare... They then asked ChatGTP 3.5 to write poems in the style of each poet. And they asked the participants, who were not experts, to rate the work on 14 scales, like profundity, rhythm, originality, imagery, beauty, emotion, and overall quality. What was surprising indeed is that most of these non-experts, when they were not told whether a poem was composed by AI or by a human systematically, ranked the ones that were actually written by AI higher than the ones written by humans. What does this experiment show exactly? The researchers are very clear that these findings were limited to non-experts. The research team’s own explanation has to do with participants’ lack of expertise, concluding that these non-experts preferred the AI poetry because it was less complicated, and more straightforward This must be part of the story, but it’s not the whole story. Take another deeply human endeavor, wine-tasting, as an example. It was first reported that non-experts are very bad at making the simplest distinctions about wine, but shortly afterwards it was found that experts make the same kind of mistakes and sometimes they in fact made more mistakes. Plus, it is usually tricky to do experiments on aesthetic (美学) appreciation. This experiment was about the participants’ self-report about their experiences and, as we know from literally thousands of studies, self-reports can be misleading in most contexts. So this experiment was not about the real aesthetic experience of poetry, which is what really maters. It was about what participants thought about their aesthetic experience. The study is important and creative. But it doesn’t show that promising poets should abandon their passion. Not yet, anyway. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The process of the experiment. B．The principle of the experiment. C．The subject of the experiment. D．The result of the experiment. 2．Why does the author mention “wine-tasting” in paragraph 5? A．To compare poetry with wine. B．To show non-experts’ preferences. C．To prove the research findings. D．To argue against the team’s explanation. 3．What can be inferred about the non-experts according to the text? A．They showed good aesthetic appreciation skills. B．They had prior experience in evaluating poetic quality. C．They rated the poems based on their aesthetic experience. D．They were expert in distinguishing AI poetry from human poetry. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of human poetry? A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Doubtful. 主题02 人与社会——生活与文化 Passage 1 （23-24学年高二上·山东威海·期末） According to Americans for the Arts, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say that the arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences.” Still, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017; 23 percent visited an art museum; six percent attended a literary event. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind. What has caused this phenomenon is that we do not have time for art — we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities. Maybe you like to play a little background music while you work but most of us rarely, if ever, went to see a live performance, let alone visited a gallery. And reading poetry? Perhaps not since high school. Too often, we let the realities of life get in the way of the arts, which can feel insignificant by comparison. But this is a mistake. The arts might be the single most in-depth experience you will ever be given to explore the nature and meaning of life. And if you make time to consume and produce art, you will find your life become fuller and happier. Some philosophers address the problem of life consumed by work and material pursuits. They argue that art provides relief from this routine, expanding our perspective and bringing us closer to true reality.   Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or recall your fast heartbeats as you stared at a delicate lifelike sculpture. Chances are that it probably stimulated (刺激) a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air. If you are among those who feel that art is “pure pleasure to experience and participate in,” you might see it the same way you see eating out, or skydiving: as a luxury (奢侈品) item in your limited budgets of time and money. As such, it probably gets the same sort of treatment as any minor hobby. Don’t make this error. Treat art more like exercise or sleep: a necessity for a life full of deep satisfaction. 1．What does paragraph 1 focus on? A．The opinion of U.S. adults about art. B．The types of art that U.S. adults engage with. C．The mismatch between value and behaviour as to art. D．The connection between everyday experiences and art. 2．What is a mistaken idea in the author’s opinion? A．Art reveals the nature of life. B．Art gives way to material pursuits. C．Life without art is meaningless. D．Background music is a kind of art. 3．What does the author want to convey in paragraph 5? A．Art awakes people’s talents. B．Art improves physical health. C．Art brings us closer to nature. D．Art makes life fuller and happier. 4．What might be the best title? A．Art: A Habit, Not a Luxury B．Art: A Bridge, Not a Barrier C．Art: A Decoration, Not a Reality D．Art: A Pleasure, Not a Burden Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山东聊城·期末） Is there a link between social media and depression? Do Facebook and Instagram have a negative impact on your mental health? It’s complicated. Sometimes, looking through Instagram just makes you feel bad. You try not to envy your friends, but they always seem to be traveling somewhere cool, eating something fancy, or looking cute in perfect just-rolled-out-of-bed hair. On the other hand, there are times when you laugh at funny memes (表情包), catch up with old friends, and feel happy to belong to fun social media communities. Clearly, social media isn’t all bad. People are increasingly suspecting that there’re potential problems of social media. Things like cyberbullying (网上欺凌) , screen addiction, and being exposed to endless filtered images (美颜) that make it impossible not to make comparisons between yourself and others often make the news. In July, a big study came out in the journal JAMA titled “Association of Screen Time and Depression in Adolescence.” This big headline seems to confirm what a lot of people have been saying — screen time is horrible for young people. The study followed over 3,800 adolescents over four years as part of a drug and alcohol prevention program. Part of what the investigators measured was the teens’ amount of screen time, including time spent on social media, as well as their levels of depression symptoms. One of their main findings was that higher amounts of social media use were associated with higher levels of depression. That was true both when the researches compared between people and compared each person against their own mental health over time. Case closed? Not so fast. Before we end the debate once and for all, let’s take a closer look at this and other studies. Let’s ask ourselves: what exactly is the relationship between social media use and depression? It turns out there are several warnings. 1．Why do people sometimes feel bad when looking through Instagram? A．They lack contact with old friends. B．They can travel nowhere. C．They don’t look perfect. D．They feel unbalanced. 2．Why is the article in journal JAMA mentioned? A．To comment. B．To prove. C．To suggest. D．To explore. 3．Which may agree with the findings of the study? A．Depression is related to social media use. B．Teens’ amount of screen time is limited. C．It is not easy to tell reasons for depression. D．Social media contributes to physical health. 4．What’s the best title of the text? A．How to reduce depression? B．Does social media cause depression? C．Shall people reduce screen time? D．Why is it time to give up social media? Passage 3 （22-23学年高二上·山东济南·期末） Why would anyone want to write a poem? One reason to write a poem is to dig from yourself some thought, feeling, comprehension or question that you didn’t know was in you, or in the world. Other forms of writing, such as scientific papers, political analysis and journalism, attempt to record something known. Poetry is a release of something previously unknown. Poetry opens our eyes and offers increase of reach. We live so often on a lonely island, separated from ourselves and others due to social or personal reasons. To step into a poem is to agree to risk. Writing takes down all protections to see what steps forward. Poetry is a trick of language, in which the writer is both magician and audience. You reach your hand into the hat and surprise yourself with a rabbit or memory, with unusual verbs or rhymes. Poems lead to revolutions of being. Whatever the old order was, a poem will change it. What we want from art is whatever is missing from the lives we are living and making. Something is always missing, and so art-making is endless. There is also the matter of connection. You can’t write an image, a metaphor (暗喻), a story, a phrase without approaching the shared world, without recognizing that your supposed solitude (独处) is at every point touching some others. You can’t read a good poem without recognizing your own face in the poet’s experience. It allows us to feel more strongly and accurately what is already present. Then it expands that and expands us. Does art change anything by its existence or non-existence? I’d argue that art, if it is genuinely art, is a force for the good. That the rearrangement of words can reopen the potential of both inner and outer worlds — I cannot say why I feel this to be true, except that I feel it so when I read good poems. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By quoting a saying. D．By making a comparison. 2．What is the similarity between poetry and magic? A．They bring surprises. B．They follow traditions. C．They change the world. D．They are arts of language. 3．What can a good poem do according to the text? A．Criticize social reality. B．Apply new expressions. C．Bridge poets and readers. D．Remind readers of the past. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards art? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. Passage 4 （22-23学年高二上·山东青岛二中·期末） No business would welcome being compared to gambling (赌博)Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have complained that their children are “addicted” to their video games and smartphones. Today, however, even more doctors are using the term. On January I this year, “gaming disorder”—in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm—gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO). Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. Those who don’t think so say that this is just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rock’n’roll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword puzzles, but it turns out that they are not as harmful as expected. However, supporters argue that game developers have the motivation and the means to design their products to make them extremely attractive. For one thing. the business-model has changed. In the old days, games were bought once and for all. But these days, games are free and money is earned from purchases of in-game goods, which ties playtime directly to revenue (收益). For another, game-makers combine psychological theory and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. In this way products are constantly adjusted to encourage players’ spending. The biggest spenders are known as “whales”, a term that originated in casinos(赌场). The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses will become more common. Anyway, being put together with gambling in the public mind, fairly or not, will not do the industry any good. 1．What do we know from Paragraph 1? A．It is not suitable to compare video games to gambling B．Parents complain about their children’s addiction to gambling C．More doctors are against the use of the term “addicted”. D．Gaming addiction was officially recognized as a disease. 2．What does the underlined words “moral panic” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Wrong judgment on how harmful something is. B．Trouble caused by someone’s immoral behavior. C．Unexpected social progress caused by science and technology. D．Panic due to the gap between the old and the young 3．What do games developers do to make games attractive? A．They don’t charge players for in-game goods. B．They adjust products based on received data. C．They keep players’ video game machines updated. D．They reward big spenders with a unique title. 4．In the last paragraph, the author aims to _________. A．offer a suggestion B．make a prediction C．give a warning D．put forward a solution Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·山东滨州·期末） The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children, concluded as a“lying down”lifestyle, recently struck a chord with many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society. Many millennials(千禧一代)and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes and financial pressure, have pushed them“against the wall”. They said they hate the “involution(内卷)”, joking that they would rather give up some of what they have than get trapped in an endless competition against peers. “Instead of always following the ’virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis(宣泄)and adjustment,”said ascholar. “It is no wonder that some young people, under the growing pressures from child-raising to house costs today, would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.” Interestingly, the majority of millennials and Gen Zs reached by the Global Times, who claim to be big fans of the lying down philosophy, admitted that they only accept a temporary lying down as a short rest. It is true that with the great improvement of living conditions, some Chinese youths have partially lost the spirit of hardship and are not willing to bear too much hard work. But in fact, lying down is not entirely comfortable. Young people who lie down always feel guilty about their constant loss of confidence in pursuing the dreams beyond their reach. “Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have refused to set ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges,”a postgraduate student told the Global Times. “It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later.” 1．What might have caused the“lying down” lifestyle among the young? A．Growing pressure from family and social life. B．Improvements in living conditions. C．Increasing material possessions from families. D．Temporary adjustment to failure in competitions. 2．What does the underlined word in Para.2 probably mean? A．Discussion. B．Argument. C．Meeting. D．Agreement. 3．What’s the scholar’s attitude toward the“lying down”group? A．Understanding. B．Objective. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 4．What can be inferred about the young generation from the text? A．They would rather escape than take challenges. B．They really enjoy the“lying down”lifestyle. C．They find their dreams far beyond their reach. D．They never really drop their responsibilities. Passage 6 （20-21学年高二上·山东滨州·期末） Restaurants’ growth accelerated in the 20th century. Dining out became relatively more expensive. And yet three economic changes ensured that demand for restaurants grew despite rising prices. The first was immigration. In the 50 years after the Second World War, the net flow of migrants into rich countries were more than four times as before. Starting a restaurant was a good career move for new arrivals：it neither required formal qualifications nor, at least for chefs, fluency in the local language. Migrants tended to improve the quality of an area’s restaurants. London’s became far better in the era of free movement with the European Union. The melting pot that is Singapore has some of the best food in the world Restaurants became more tempting, even as prices went up. The second factor was the changing microeconomics of the family. Households’ choices about whether to make their own food or to buy it premade were shaped not only by the cost of ingredients, but also by the time spent on shopping and preparation. As more women entered the workforce during the 20th century, a working woman who cooked dinner would be sacrificing time which might otherwise be used to earn money. And so eating out made increasing economic sense, even as it became more expensive. The third factor was changing working patterns. Historically, poor people tended to work longer hours than rich ones. But in the latter half of the 20th century the opposite became true. The rise of knowledge-intensive jobs, and globalization, made rich people’s work more financially rewarding and enjoyable. Working late into the night became a sign of status. The result was that the people with the most money to spend on dining out increasingly needed it most, since they had the least free time. The long-term future of the restaurant is less clear. The pandemic has led to many people buying more takeout than before, while others have a newfound love of cooking. Restaurants have little choice but to continue to adapt. Maybe apart from food, they can also double down on what they do best: offering those who need to eat a taste of romance, glamour and love. 1．Why was starting a restaurant a good choice for the new migrants? A．They could meet the requirements easily. B．They could speak the local language fluently. C．They could serve the best food in the world. D．They could move to and from the country freely. 2．Which one best describes people doing knowledge-intensive jobs in the second half of the 20th century? A．They might make little money. B．They tended to eat at home. C．They tended to work longer hours. D．They might have a lower social status. 3．What effect does the pandemic have on restaurants according to the passage? A．Restaurants have to double the price of dishes. B．Restaurants have to reduce the cost of ingredients. C．Restaurants have to adapt to the needs of customers. D．Restaurants have to cancel the take-out service. 4．What’s the main idea of the whole passage? A．How to make restaurants more appealing. B．How restaurants survive the pandemic. C．What contributes to the development of restaurants. D．Why people go to restaurants despite the rising price. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-21学年高二上·山东省潍坊·期末） When discussions are getting heated, divisions on opinions potentially lead to some awkward moments. This causes many of us to struggle with how to convince people to change their minds and how to argue our side effectively. Unfortunately, we’ve already become quite divided. One study showed that when people receive information against their beliefs, their brains aren’t as active as when they receive information that confirms their beliefs. Humans have a well- documented bias (偏见) called the “confirmation bias”, which is a tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing views and to avoid information that disconfirms them. Throwing data at people isn’t at all effective in changing minds and especially hearts. Instead, people just find it super annoying. Luckily, research has provided some guidance about best practices, and, not surprisingly, they all suggest what our parents have been telling us for decades: You catch more flies with honey than with vinegar. In fact, it turns out that instead of citing why you are right and someone else is wrong in a heated conversation, one of the most effective strategies you can use for changing someone’s mind is to find areas where you agree. Another thing we can do is to be open to other perspectives (观点) . We can start by acknowledging our own confirmation bias and making a conscious effort to override it. We can also try to take other people’s perspectives. And better yet — ask them for it. Ask them why they feel the way they do and what would change their mind. Be open to admitting that you could be wrong and make it easy for others to admit their own mistakes. Finally, make new friends — friends that are different from you. Make your bias a disconfirmation bias;in other words, when you have an opinion on something, don’t just read information that confirms it. Instead, make an effort to find information that could potentially prove you wrong. If you were right all along, this exercise will only make your arguments stronger. If you were wrong, your mind will have been opened up to new ideas. Either way, this kind of open-mindedness will give you a brand-new perspective on life, and you might even make some unlikely new friends in the process. 1．Which can illustrate “confirmation bias”? A．We tend to welcome different ideas. B．We accept messages from the others. C．We argue against points of disagreement. D．We prefer information in line with our views 2．What does the underlined word “honey”in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Following advice. B．Sharing common ground. C．Admitting mistakes. D．Blocking different ideas. 3．How can we benefit from our bias according to the last paragraph? A．By letting go of our own opinion. B．By making arguments more reliable. C．By opening up minds to new friends. D．By securing information opposite to ours. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．How to negotiate with others B．Why it’s so hard to change hearts and minds C．How to shift minds in polarized communication D．Why open-mindedness is effective in conversations 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了人们在面对与自己观点相反的信息时，往往会产生“确认偏见”，即倾向于寻找能证实自己观点的信息，而避免与之相反的信息。文章建议我们在争论中寻找共同点，开放自己的观点，接纳不同的信息，这样可以使我们的观点更有说服力，也能开阔我们的视野。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Humans have a well- documented bias (偏见) called the“confirmation bias”, which is a tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing views and to avoid information that disconfirms them. ”（人类有一种有据可查的偏见，称为“确认偏见”，这是一种倾向，即寻找证实我们现有观点的信息，避免不符合这些观点的信息。）可知，D选项“我们更喜欢符合我们观点的信息”符合确认偏见”。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“In fact, it turns out that instead of citing why you are right and someone else is wrong in a heated conversation, one of the most effective strategies you can usefor changing someone’s mind is to find areas where you agree.”（事实证明，在激烈的争论中，改变他人观点最有效的策略之一就是找到你们共同认同的地方，而不是列举你为什么是对的，别人为什么是错的。）可推知，“honey”指的是找到共同的立场。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Make your bias a disconfirmation bias;in other words, when you have an opinion on something, don’t just read information that confirms it. Instead, make an effort to find information that could potentially prove you wrong. If you were right all along, this exercise will only make your arguments stronger. If you were wrong, your mind will have been opened up to new ideas.”（让你的偏见成为一种不确认的偏见；换句话说，当你对某事有看法时，不要只阅读证实它的信息。相反，要努力寻找可能证明你错了的信息。如果你一直都是对的，这个练习只会让你的论点更有力。如果你错了，你的思想就会向新思想开放。）可知，获取与我们相反的信息能让我们受益。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。主要讲述了人们在面对与自己观点相反的信息时，往往会产生“确认偏见”，即倾向于寻找能证实自己观点的信息，而避免与之相反的信息。文章建议我们在争论中寻找共同点，开放自己的观点，接纳不同的信息，这样可以使我们的观点更有说服力，也能开阔我们的视野。所以短文的最佳标题为“如何在两极分化的交流中改变思想”。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·山东临沂·期末） If you had to use one word to define yourself, what would it be? Imagine trying to summarize your entire being in just one word or two — a challenging task indeed. Labels, like “confident” or “creative”, may suggest certain aspects, but they can never fully capture the richness and depth of a person’s character. Labels take on an “all-or-nothing” meaning. Someone either is something, or they’re not. The biggest problem with labeling people is that it oversimplifies their complex nature. Using labels infers people’s current behavior is fixed, but people change. As they learn, they grow, and someone we think of in a certain way today might not remain the same in a few months or years. When we label people, we deny their complexity, their right to change, and their richness as human beings. Furthermore, labels can become self-fulfilling prophecies (预言). When people are constantly told they are a certain way, they may start to remember these labels and act accordingly. This hinders their potential for growth and development, as they may feel trapped by social expectations. For example, if parents label a child as “annoying” or “a complainer”, the child may feel their needs aren’t important. Over time, being ignored for complaining too much can lead the child to believe that expressing their needs is not acceptable. Consequently, their self-perception (自我认知) may suffer, and they may even start to devalue themselves as a result. Linguist Benjamin Whorf once argued that the words we use to describe what we see are rarely objective, as they carry personally prejudice. Labels can be harmful because they can reduce individuals to a single characteristic or stereotype (刻板印象). Therefore, we should be mindful of the language we use and the labels we attach to people. By adopting a more open view of life, people, and events, we can appreciate the richness and diversity of human experience, and cope with the complexities of our interconnected world. 1．What is the biggest problem with labeling people? A．It expresses a subjective opinion. B．It denies the complexity of humans. C．It overstates people’s shortcomings. D．It ignores goodness in human nature. 2．What does the underlined word “hinders” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Exposes. B．Cultivates. C．Restricts. D．Determines. 3．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To present the bad effects of labeling on people. B．To show the importance of using language skillfully. C．To prove people’s natural tendency for being prejudiced. D．To encourage people to take an open-minded perspective. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text? A．Stop Labeling People B．Define Yourself Objectively C．Children Suffer a Lot from Labels D．Different Individuals Diversify the World 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述给人们贴标签的害处，并且号召不要给人们贴标签。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The biggest problem with labeling people is that it oversimplifies their complex nature. Using labels infers people’s current behavior is fixed, but people change. As they learn, they grow, and someone we think of in a certain way today might not remain the same in a few months or years. When we label people, we deny their complexity, their right to change, and their richness as human beings. (给人贴标签最大的问题是过于简单化了他们复杂的本性。使用标签可以推断出人们当前的行为是固定的，但人们会改变。随着他们的学习，他们在成长，我们今天以某种方式想到的人可能在几个月或几年内不会保持原样。当我们给人贴上标签时，我们否认了他们作为人类的复杂性、改变的权利和丰富性。)”可知，给人贴标签最大的问题是它否认了人类的复杂性。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“This hinders their potential for growth and development, as they may feel trapped by social expectations. For example, if parents label a child as “annoying” or “a complainer”, the child may feel their needs aren’t important. Over time, being ignored for complaining too much can lead the child to believe that expressing their needs is not acceptable. Consequently, their self-perception (自我认知) may suffer, and they may even start to devalue themselves as a result. (这hinders了他们的成长和发展潜力，因为他们可能会感到被社会期望所困。例如，如果父母给孩子贴上“烦人”或“爱抱怨”的标签，孩子可能会觉得他们的需求并不重要。随着时间的推移，因为抱怨太多而被忽视会让孩子相信表达自己的需求是不可接受的。因此，他们的自我认知可能会受到影响，甚至可能因此开始贬值。)”可知，这里解释给孩子贴标签会影响甚至阻碍孩子的发展，所以hinders的意思应该是“阻碍”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, we should be mindful of the language we use and the labels we attach to people. By adopting a more open view of life, people, and events, we can appreciate the richness and diversity of human experience, and cope with the complexities of our interconnected world. (因此，我们应该注意我们使用的语言和我们贴在人们身上的标签。通过对生活、人和事件采取更开放的观点，我们可以欣赏人类经验的丰富性和多样性，并应对我们相互关联的世界的复杂性。)”可知，作者在最后一段打算鼓励人们持开放的观点，不要给人们贴标签。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“If you had to use one word to define yourself, what would it be? Imagine trying to summarize your entire being in just one word or two — a challenging task indeed. Labels, like “confident” or “creative”, may suggest certain aspects, but they can never fully capture the richness and depth of a person’s character.(如果你必须用一个词来定义自己，它会是什么？想象一下，试着用一两个词来概括你的整个存在——这确实是一项具有挑战性的任务。标签，如“自信”或“有创造力”，可能暗示某些方面，但它们永远无法完全捕捉到一个人性格的丰富性和深度。)”和最后一段“Therefore, we should be mindful of the language we use and the labels we attach to people. By adopting a more open view of life, people, and events, we can appreciate the richness and diversity of human experience, and cope with the complexities of our interconnected world. (因此，我们应该注意我们使用的语言和我们贴在人们身上的标签。通过对生活、人和事件采取更开放的观点，我们可以欣赏人类经验的丰富性和多样性，并应对我们相互关联的世界的复杂性。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述给人们贴标签的害处，并且号召不要给人们贴标签。故选A。 Passage 3 （23-24学年高二上·山东德州·期末） The house had been cleaned and decorated elegantly. The air smelt fresh. Little labels on all we saw around the house displayed important details: date of purchase and the current selling price. We were at a garage sale. There was no talking or bargaining. Buyers could pick up at the listed price. All efforts that release cash that is locked into stuff touch me deeply. If they break conventional ideas, I will like them even more. It is my view that people love to follow suit and end up with emotions they ought to feel, rather than being true to themselves. To say that one does not care for one’s grandmother’s necklace is considered rude, so one would simply keep it in the locker and pass it on to the next generation. No longer so, I am guessing. It’s not always about money, but perhaps about considering one’s choices. My argument always is to use stuff, if you like it so much. Wear those pieces of jewellery; use those pieces of furnitures; take home those piles of old-time bedsheets. But if none of them fit into your current home, allow someone else to take them home. Turn those properties over instead of leaving them unused. Hoarding (囤积) is not a virtue. It is a waste of the money that is locked into the property you are hoarding. I may use it sometime in the future, say some. Give that a time frame. If you are holding something you haven’t used even once in five years, ask yourself if someone else may need it. Don’t sell if you don’t care for money; but do give it away. All else needs to earn their place for their value and usefulness for you. Celebrate the liberation from hoarding and let there be light! 1．What do people often do at the garage sale? A．Purchase a garage. B．Label their belongings. C．Talk about decoration. D．Trade their unused stuff. 2．Why does the author mention “necklace” in paragraph 2? A．To call for respect towards the elderly. B．To advocate holding onto the family tradition. C．To show the financial condition of an average family. D．To prove people tend to follow suit against their wills. 3．What does the author believe according to paragraph 4? A．It is a good idea to save money. B．A good taste counts in purchase. C．Unused items deserve a new owner. D．The outdated should be thrown away. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To call on people to get rid of hoarding. B．To show his worry about wasting resources. C．To draw attention to conserving the traditions. D．To inspire people to spend more on meaningful things. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们应该根据自己的实际需求和价值观来对待物品，而不是过度囤积物品，以及应该根据个人喜好和需求来选择物品。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Little labels on all we saw around the house displayed important details: date of purchase and the current selling price. We were at a garage sale. There was no talking or bargaining. Buyers could pick up at the listed price.(我们在房子周围看到的所有东西上的小标签都显示了重要的细节：购买日期和当前的售价。我们在车库旧货拍卖会上。没有谈话，也没有讨价还价。买家可以按挂牌价格提货。)”可知，人们在车库大甩卖时经常交易他们不用的东西。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It is my view that people love to follow suit and end up with emotions they ought to feel, rather than being true to themselves. To say that one does not care for one’s grandmother’s necklace is considered rude, so one would simply keep it in the locker and pass it on to the next generation.(我的观点是，人们喜欢随大流，最终产生他们应该感受到的情绪，而不是真实的自己。说自己不喜欢祖母的项链被认为是无礼的，所以你会把它放在储物柜里，传给下一代。)”可知，作者在第2段提到“项链”是为了证明人们往往会违背自己的意愿跟风。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“My argument always is to use stuff, if you like it so much. Wear those pieces of jewellery; use those pieces of furnitures; take home those piles of old-time bedsheets.(我的观点是，只要你喜欢，就可以使用。戴上那些首饰；使用那些家具;把那些成堆的旧床单带回家。)”和“Turn those properties over instead of leaving them unused.(把这些属性翻转过来，而不是让它们闲置。)”可知，根据第4段，作者认为不用的东西应该有个新主人。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“All else needs to earn their place for their value and usefulness for you. Celebrate the liberation from hoarding and let there be light!(所有其他的东西都需要为它们的价值和有用性赢得一席之地。庆祝从囤积中解放出来，让光明出现吧！)”以及全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们摆脱囤积。故选A。 Passage 4 （23-24学年高二上·山东淄博·期末） There seems to be a lot of talk these days about what is fair, and what is not. Most people tend to believe life should be fair. Some of the 99% seem to believe life has somehow treated them unfairly, and some of the 1% feel life hasn’t treated them fairly enough. My questions are these: What is fairness? Is life fair? Should life be fair? We clearly have no choice about how we come into this world. We have little choice early in life. But as we grow older, choices abound. I have long believed that while we have no control over the beginning of our life, the majority of us have the ability to influence the outcomes we attain. Fairness is a state of mind, and most often, an unhealthy state of mind. Our state in life cannot, or at least should not, be blamed on our parents, our teachers, or our society—it’s largely based on the choices we make, and the attitudes we adopt. Life is full of examples of the uneducated, the mentally and physically challenged people born into war-torn areas, who could have complained about life being unfair, but who instead chose a different path. Regardless of the challenges they faced, they had the character to choose contribution over complaint. I agree that challenges exist. I agree that many have an uphill battle due to the severity of the challenges they face. What I disagree with is the attempt to use fairness to solve all problems in the world. Rules and orders don’t create fairness, but people’s desire and determination can work around most life challenges. It doesn’t matter whether you are born with a silver spoon, plastic spoon, or no spoon at all. A friend of mine came to this country from Africa in his late teens, barely spoke the language, drove a cab while working his way through college, and is now the president of a technology services firm. Stories such as this are all around us-they are not miracles, nor are they the rare exception. They do, however, demonstrate blindness to the mindset of the fairness. 1．What does the underlined word “abound” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Change fully. B．Remain the same. C．Exist in numbers. D．Disappear completely. 2．What opinion does the writer agree with? A．Most of us can influence the results we achieve. B．Our background determines our choices. C．People’s desire and determination create unfairness. D．We should depend on fairness to solve all problems. 3．What is the primary purpose of the text? A．To promote efforts over complaint. B．To stress the importance of fairness. C．To share an inspiring story of a friend. D．To prove that fairness is a state of mind. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Fairness Is Justice B．Life Is Not Fair—Deal With It C．Fairness Comes First D．Fairness Creates Chances 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者讨论了公平问题，阐述了人生没有绝对的公平，但要勇敢面对不公平的道理。 1．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“We have little choice early in life. (我们在人生的初期几乎没有选择。)”说明人生的初期没有选择，相对而言，人生的后期就有了选择，从而推知划线词句“But as we grow older, choices abound. (但随着年龄的增长，我们的选择abound)”其中划线词汇应为“有了（选择），有更多（的选择）”的意思，选项C“大量存在”与之意义最为接近。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“I have long believed that while we have no control over the beginning of our life, the majority of us have the ability to influence the outcomes we attain. (我一直相信，虽然我们无法控制生命的开始，但我们大多数人都有能力影响我们所取得的结果。)”可知，作者认为我们大多数人都能影响我们所取得的结果。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段中“Regardless of the challenges they faced, they had the character to choose contribution over complaint. (不管他们面临的挑战是什么，他们都有选择贡献而不是抱怨的品格。)”可知，文章的主要目的是要告诉人们要努力进取而不是抱怨。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“It doesn’t matter whether you are born with a silver spoon, plastic spoon, or no spoon at all. (无论你是含着银汤匙，塑料汤匙，还是根本没有汤匙出生的都没关系。)”以及“Stories such as this are all around us-they are not miracles, nor are they the rare exception. They do, however, demonstrate blindness to the mindset of the fairness. (这样的故事在我们身边随处可见——它们不是奇迹，也不是罕见的例外。然而，他们却确实证明了他们对公平思维模式的无视。)”等内容可知，本文用身边的事例阐述了人生中没有绝对的公平，但我们要勇敢面对不公平的道理。选项B符合文章主题，故选B项。 Passage 5 （23-24学年高二上·山东淄博·期末） Digging into a book together with your child is always a great way to spend time, but did you know reading to your child from day one has a whole range of benefits that will give them a flying start in life? There are a whole host of brilliant effects of hearing stories which boost children’s minds. This is just as important as learning to spell. While children are stuck indoors, reading is the best way to spark their imagination. They can travel to the moon, meet the Gruffalo and pop in to a chocolate factory. This means children will have a solid creative base and develop their story telling skills as well as enjoying adventurous days at home. There’s no better way to walk a mile in someone else’s shoes than reading their stories.  That is a great way to build empathy(共情) needed now more than ever. There are some fantastic children’s books worth seeking out which show characters from all races and backgrounds doing brilliant things, acting as strong role models for the next generation. These stories can encourage future leaders and thinkers, so every child can feel they can achieve their dreams, from the Little Leaders series to Bedtime Stories for Rebel Girls. It’s inspiring to see everyone following their own path despite the barriers they come across. There’s a large number of remarkable books out right now which help little ones process emotions. From The Colour Monster to Ruby’s Worry, these books will help them to name and understand different emotions, which is essential for social development, making friends and growing relationships. It can also help them deal with difficult feelings, like loss or grief, with amazing books like Paper Dolls which explores memory and loss in a beautiful and positive way. Reading time is a brilliant connection with parents or carers, which strengthens confidence and a sense of safety for the little ones. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Reading enables children to spell. B．Imagination is of great benefit to reading C．Children can be expert in story telling. D．Reading stimulates children’s imagination. 2．To understand others better, we are advised to A．read their stories B．set up role models C．improve story telling skills D．walk a mile in someone else’s shoes 3．Which book is recommended when children are in a bad mood? A．The Gruffalo. B．Little Leaders. C．Paper Dolls. D．The Colour Monster. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To introduce some books. B．To advise parents to read more. C．To encourage children to read more. D．To show the benefits of reading to children 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了阅读对孩子有很多好处，父母应该培养孩子们读书的兴趣。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“There are a whole host of brilliant effects of hearing stories which boost children’s minds. This is just as important as learning to spell. While children are stuck indoors, reading is the best way to spark their imagination. (听故事有许多绝妙的效果，可以促进孩子们的思维。这和学习拼写一样重要。当孩子们被待在室内时，阅读是激发他们想象力的最好方式。)”可知，本段主要讲了阅读能激发孩子们的想象力。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“There’s no better way to walk a mile in someone else’s shoes than reading their stories. (没有比读别人的故事更好的方式去站在别人的角度去思考问题了。)”可知，为了更好地了解别人，建议我们阅读他们的故事。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“It can also help them deal with difficult feelings, like loss or grief, with amazing books like Paper Dolls which explores memory and loss in a beautiful and positive way. (它也可以帮助他们处理困难的感情，如失去或悲伤，用神奇的书如《纸娃娃》，以一种美丽和积极的方式探索记忆和失去。)”可知，当孩子心情不好时，推荐读《纸娃娃》。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Digging into a book together with your child is always a great way to spend time, but did you know reading to your child from day one has a whole range of benefits that will give them a flying start in life? (和你的孩子一起读一本书总是一种很好的消磨时间的方式，但是你知道从第一天就给你的孩子读书有一系列的好处，会让他们的生活有一个愉快的开始吗？)”和最后一段中“Reading time is a brilliant connection with parents or carers, which strengthens confidence and a sense of safety for the little ones. (阅读时光是与父母或照顾者的一种绝妙的联系，它增强了孩子们的信心和安全感。)”以及全文的描述，可知，本文主要介绍了阅读对孩子有很多好处，因此文章的目的是向孩子们展示读书的好处。故选D项。 主题02 人与社会——生活与文化 Passage 1 （21-22学年高二上·山师大附中·期末） Some high school students think it useless to receive higher education. Therefore, they choose not to go to college. If you're one of them, think again. Here are some reasons why you should go to college and receive a good education there. Schools and universities are the first places to get knowledge. We take that knowledge later on to build our careers after graduation. More knowledge will be gained after you start working, but without education, that job will not be within easy reach. Knowledge leads to knowledge. While limited within the walls of the educational places, we openly explore other cultures of the world! We come to know that ours is not the only culture. Other cultures have valuable things to share, enriching our own. Education also makes us want to travel and exchange with various cultures, getting more experience. When there's a recession in the economy（经济）, those who attended college will be more likely to find a new job than those who only finished high school and have a limited skills set. The more education you have, the more chances you will get to improve the quality of your life as you have a better job and earn a higher salary. When you're skillful and knowledgeable, you gain access to people of similar backgrounds and tastes. It means a good education leads to excellent networking. Good networking can benefit you a lot in your later life. A good education makes you a more interesting person. You can talk about ideas and events instead of just other people and what's on sale in stores. An educated person doesn't gossip（说闲话）, having a preference to discuss ideas and listen to what other people have to say. 1．What can we learn about college education from Paragraph 2? A．It offers you a chance to study abroad. B．It can allow you to gain more knowledge. C．It can improve the quality of your daily life. D．It encourages you to travel around the world. 2．What does the underlined word "recession" in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．change. B．drop. C．growth. D．support. 3．How can one benefit from a good education ? A．You can gossip about others’ affairs. B．You are likely to study well at school. C．You can work well with your coworkers. D．You get to know excellent people with similar interests. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The benefits of attending college. B．The exchange with other cultures. C．The access to good networking. D．The ways of college education. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【分析】这是一篇议论文。一些高中生认为接受高等教育是无用的。因此，他们选择不上大学。就此作者表达了应该去大学接受良好教育的一些理由。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Schools and universities are the first places to get knowledge.”可知学校和大学是获得知识的第一个地方。即它能使你获得更多知识。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据下文“those who attended college will be more likely to find a new job than those who only finished high school and have a limited skills set”可知那些上过大学的人比那些高中毕业、技能有限的人更有可能找到一份新工作，这应是在经济衰退时期，就业率不高的情况下得出的结论，划线部分单词含义为“衰退，下降”，A. Change.改变；B. Drop.下降；C. Growth.增长；D. Support.支持。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When you're skillful and knowledgeable, you gain access to people of similar backgrounds and tastes. It means a good education leads to excellent networking.（当你有技能，知识渊博时，你就能接触到有相似背景和品位的人。这意味着良好的教育可以导致好的关系网）”可知，良好的教育可以使你结识更优秀的，有相同兴趣的人。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Here are some reasons why you should go to college and receive a good education there.（以下是你应该上大学，接受良好教育的原因）”以及全文内容可知，文章主要内容为讨论去上大学的理由以及大学教育带来的好处。故选A。 Passage 2 （19-20学年高二上·山东济南·期末） Teenagers who travel around the world alone have been making headlines quite often. A young person alone in a dangerous situation attracts attention and sponsors. Young sailors also attract various views. For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to cancel her voyage, yet the Prime Minister called her “a hero for young Australians” when she returned. It seemed there is confusion about the competence and independence of young people. The popular psychologists tell us that teenage brains are likely to make wrong judgments. But such ideas often do not apply to specific individuals. Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers vary greatly in their abilities. The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age but by discussion with the related, responsible adults. Some teens are certainly inexperienced and capable of childish mistakes, but the ones who attempt dangerous journeys normally do so by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult supporters. But it’s also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can desire to get achievements as unusual as Jessica Watson’s. Watson calls herself “an ordinary girl who had a dream”. Her intention is to encourage teenagers but this idea can have the opposite effect of making them feel not good enough because great achievements are beyond them. Should all teens have such dreams? Actually, individuals face varying circumstances that restrict their dreams. Teenagers who travel around the world alone should not be judged by preconceived (事先形成的) views about young people. Nor should young “ordinary” teenagers feel pressure to long for extraordinary personal goals. In fact, I believe the example of solo sailing overstresses individualism. The teenage years are when most of us “ordinary” people learn that we can achieve great things in cooperation with others. 1．What can we learn about Jessica Watson? A．She was criticized by the government. B．She eventually canceled her voyage. C．She has traveled around the world. D．She made a successful voyage. 2．What can be inferred about teenagers from the text? A．They have similar abilities. B．They make decisions on their own. C．They always make wrong judgments. D．They need supports of responsible adults. 3．Who does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Parents. B．Teenagers. C．Psychologists. D．Adults. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Divided Opinions on Young Adventurers B．Problems Faced by Adventurous Teens C．Various Ways to Become Independent D．Pressure to Achieve Personal Goals 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了独自一人环游世界的青少年经常成为头条新闻，一个年轻人Jessica Watson成为了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄，为此各方有着不同的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to cancel her voyage, yet the Prime Minister called her “a hero for young Australians” when she returned.”可知，政府要求Jessica Watson取消航行，但在她返回时总理称她为澳大利亚年轻人的英雄。由此可知，Jessica Watson进行了一次成功的航行。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段的“ The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age but by discussion with the related, responsible adults. Some teens are certainly inexperienced and capable of childish mistakes, but the ones who attempt dangerous journeys normally do so by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult supporters.”可知，允许每个人独立的程度不仅应由他们的年龄决定，还需要与相关的负责任的成年人讨论。有些青少年肯定是没有经验的，并且容易犯幼稚的错误，但是那些尝试危险旅行的青少年那样做通常是得到了精明冷静的和有学识的成人支持者的信任。由此可知，青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持。故选D。 3．指代猜测题。根据第三段的“But it’s also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can desire to get achievements as unusual as Jessica Watson’s. Watson calls herself “an ordinary girl who had a dream”. Her intention is to encourage teenagers but this idea can have the opposite effect of making them feel not good enough because great achievements are beyond them. Should all teens have such dreams? Actually, individuals face varying circumstances that restrict their dreams.”可知，认为任何16岁的年轻人都渴望获得Jessica Watson一样出色的成就也是错误的。Watson称自己为一个有梦想的普通女孩。她这样做的目的是为了鼓励青少年，但是这个想法可能产生相反的效果，使他们感到自己不够好，因为在他们看来伟大的成就是他们不可触及的。所有的青少年都应该有这样的梦想吗？实际上，每个人面临着各种不同的情况，这限制了他们的梦想。由此可知，划线词they指代的是前文提到的青少年。故选B。 4．标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了独自一人环游世界的青少年经常成为头条新闻，一个处境危险的年轻人Jessica Watson成为了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄，为此各方有着不同的看法。下文具体地分析了人们的不同看法。根据第二题的分析可知，第二段提到“青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持”。第三段提到“认为任何16岁的年轻人都渴望获得Jessica Watson一样出色的成就也是错误的”。最后一段中提到作者的看法“不应仅凭对年轻人的先入为主的看法来判断在世界各地旅行的青少年。青少年也不应感到压力去渴望达到非凡的个人目标。实际上，我相信单人航行的例子过分强调个人主义。十几岁的时候，我们大多数普通人都知道我们可以与他人合作来成就伟大的事情”。因此A项（对年轻冒险者的不同看法。）可以作为文章的标题。故选A。 Passage 3 （18-19学年高二上·山东济宁·期末） High school biology teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphones were a problem in her class. But not even the students realized how much of a problem the devices were until Chavis did an in-class experiment. For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call that appeared on their phones. Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smartphones are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of student anxiety. “One girl, just during the one hour, got close to 150 Snapchat notifications. 150!” she said. Jean Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University in California, said it is not a coincidence that youth mental health issues have risen with the number of phones. “This use of phones has led to a loss of sleep and face-to-face interactions necessary for their growth,” she said. Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use. But nearly 4 percent of parents said they worry about the influence of social media on their child’s physical and mental health. Both schools and parents are starting to take steps to deal with the problem. Many public schools pay outside companies to watch students’ social media activity for signs of anxiety. Other schools invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs to help calm students. 1．What’s the purpose of Chavis’s experiment? A．To see how many students have smartphones. B．To find out how popular her students are. C．To show smartphones influence teenagers greatly. D．To tell her students how to use smartphones wisely. 2．How did Kelly Chavis feel about the result? A．Shocked. B．Excited. C．Satisfied. D．Frightened. 3．Which of the following is true according to Jean Twenge? A．Students are now under great stress. B．Students spend too much money on smartphones. C．Over-using phones cause drops in students’ grades. D．Over-using phones may harm students’ body and mind. 4．What might be talked about if the passage is continued? A．How other schools deal with students’ phones. B．Whether the ways to handle phones are effective. C．How some parents deal with their children’s phones. D．Whether students are willing to give up using phones. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者通过Kelly Chavis的课堂实验展示了智能手机对学生的影响，并引一些专业人士的观点来支持个人的论证，继而说明了学校就学生使用手机问题采取的措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的But not even the students realized how much of a problem the devices were until Chavis did an in-class experiment.和下文可知，直到查维斯在课堂上做了一个实验，学生们才意识到这些设备有多大的问题：焦虑、睡眠不足等问题，故查维斯的实验目的是想去展示手机对青少年的影响很大，故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段的Chavis is among a growing number of teachers…are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of…“One girl, just during the one hour, got close to 150 Snapchat notifications. 150!” she said.越来越多的老师、家长和健康专家认为，学生的焦虑程度越来越高，部分原因是智能手机造成的，查维斯就是其中之一。“一个女孩在一个小时内收到了近150条Snapchat通知。150条!”，可知Chavis对于实验的结果是非常震惊的，故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段的it is not a coincidence that youth mental health issues have risen with the number of phones.可知Jean Twenge认为过度使用手机可能会伤害学生的身心。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句Both schools and parents are starting to take steps to deal with the problem.可知最后一段讨论的是学校应采取的措施，那么接下来的段落可能会讨论的问题是一些父母如何处理他们孩子的手机。故选C项。 主题01 人与社会——科技与生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东东营·期末） Poetry is maybe the most human of all human endeavors, which is thought least likely to be taken over by AI. But according to a recent study, this is not so, as non-experts rate AI poetry higher than poetry written by humans. The researchers chose 10 famous poets: Samuel Butler, Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare... They then asked ChatGTP 3.5 to write poems in the style of each poet. And they asked the participants, who were not experts, to rate the work on 14 scales, like profundity, rhythm, originality, imagery, beauty, emotion, and overall quality. What was surprising indeed is that most of these non-experts, when they were not told whether a poem was composed by AI or by a human systematically, ranked the ones that were actually written by AI higher than the ones written by humans. What does this experiment show exactly? The researchers are very clear that these findings were limited to non-experts. The research team’s own explanation has to do with participants’ lack of expertise, concluding that these non-experts preferred the AI poetry because it was less complicated, and more straightforward This must be part of the story, but it’s not the whole story. Take another deeply human endeavor, wine-tasting, as an example. It was first reported that non-experts are very bad at making the simplest distinctions about wine, but shortly afterwards it was found that experts make the same kind of mistakes and sometimes they in fact made more mistakes. Plus, it is usually tricky to do experiments on aesthetic (美学) appreciation. This experiment was about the participants’ self-report about their experiences and, as we know from literally thousands of studies, self-reports can be misleading in most contexts. So this experiment was not about the real aesthetic experience of poetry, which is what really maters. It was about what participants thought about their aesthetic experience. The study is important and creative. But it doesn’t show that promising poets should abandon their passion. Not yet, anyway. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The process of the experiment. B．The principle of the experiment. C．The subject of the experiment. D．The result of the experiment. 2．Why does the author mention “wine-tasting” in paragraph 5? A．To compare poetry with wine. B．To show non-experts’ preferences. C．To prove the research findings. D．To argue against the team’s explanation. 3．What can be inferred about the non-experts according to the text? A．They showed good aesthetic appreciation skills. B．They had prior experience in evaluating poetic quality. C．They rated the poems based on their aesthetic experience. D．They were expert in distinguishing AI poetry from human poetry. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of human poetry? A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨AI诗歌在非专家评价中得分高于人类诗歌的现象及背后的争议。 1． 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The researchers chose 10 famous poets: Samuel Butler, Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare... They then asked ChatGTP 3.5 to write poems in the style of each poet. And they asked the participants, who were not experts, to rate the work on 14 scales, like profundity, rhythm, originality, imagery, beauty, emotion, and overall quality.(研究人员选择了10位著名诗人：塞缪尔·巴特勒、杰弗里·乔叟、威廉·莎士比亚……然后他们让ChatGTP 3.5模仿每位诗人的风格写诗。他们还让非专家参与者从14个维度对这些作品进行评分，如深刻性、韵律、独创性 2． 3． 、意象、美感、情感和整体质量)”可知，该段详细描述了实验的具体操作步骤，即实验过程。故选A项。 2． 推理判断题。根据第五段“This must be part of the story, but it’s not the whole story. Take another deeply human endeavor, wine-tasting, as an example. It was first reported that non-experts are very bad at making the simplest distinctions about wine, but shortly afterwards it was found that experts make the same kind of mistakes and sometimes they in fact made more mistakes.(这一定是部分原因，但并非全部。以另一项极具人类特色的活动—— 3． 品酒为例。最初有报道称，非专家在对葡萄酒进行最简单的区分时表现很差，但不久之后发现，专家也会犯同样的错误，有时甚至犯更多的错误)”可推知，作者提到品酒是为了反驳研究团队关于“非专家因缺乏专业知识而更偏好AI诗歌”的解释，说明专家也可能犯错，不能仅将原因归结于非专家的专业性不足。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“This experiment was about the participants’ self-report about their experiences and, as we know from literally thousands of studies, self-reports can be misleading in most contexts. So this experiment was not about the real aesthetic experience of poetry, which is what really maters. It was about what participants thought about their aesthetic experience.(这个实验是关于参与者对自己体验的自我报告，正如我们从成千上万的研究中所知道的，在大多数情况下，自我报告可能会产生误导。所以这个实验并不是关于诗歌真正的审美体验，而这才是真正重要的。它是关于参与者对自己审美体验的看法)”可推断，非专家是根据自己的审美体验来给诗歌评分的，只是这种自我报告可能存在误导性。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The study is important and creative. But it doesn’t show that promising poets should abandon their passion. Not yet, anyway.(这项研究既重要又有创意。但这并不意味着有前途的诗人应该放弃他们的热情。至少现在还不是)”可知，作者认为该研究虽有意义，但并不能说明人类诗歌会被AI取代，对人类诗歌的未来持乐观态度。故选A项。 主题02 人与社会——生活与文化 Passage 1 （23-24学年高二上·山东威海·期末） According to Americans for the Arts, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say that the arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences.” Still, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017; 23 percent visited an art museum; six percent attended a literary event. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind. What has caused this phenomenon is that we do not have time for art — we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities. Maybe you like to play a little background music while you work but most of us rarely, if ever, went to see a live performance, let alone visited a gallery. And reading poetry? Perhaps not since high school. Too often, we let the realities of life get in the way of the arts, which can feel insignificant by comparison. But this is a mistake. The arts might be the single most in-depth experience you will ever be given to explore the nature and meaning of life. And if you make time to consume and produce art, you will find your life become fuller and happier. Some philosophers address the problem of life consumed by work and material pursuits. They argue that art provides relief from this routine, expanding our perspective and bringing us closer to true reality.   Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or recall your fast heartbeats as you stared at a delicate lifelike sculpture. Chances are that it probably stimulated (刺激) a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air. If you are among those who feel that art is “pure pleasure to experience and participate in,” you might see it the same way you see eating out, or skydiving: as a luxury (奢侈品) item in your limited budgets of time and money. As such, it probably gets the same sort of treatment as any minor hobby. Don’t make this error. Treat art more like exercise or sleep: a necessity for a life full of deep satisfaction. 1．What does paragraph 1 focus on? A．The opinion of U.S. adults about art. B．The types of art that U.S. adults engage with. C．The mismatch between value and behaviour as to art. D．The connection between everyday experiences and art. 2．What is a mistaken idea in the author’s opinion? A．Art reveals the nature of life. B．Art gives way to material pursuits. C．Life without art is meaningless. D．Background music is a kind of art. 3．What does the author want to convey in paragraph 5? A．Art awakes people’s talents. B．Art improves physical health. C．Art brings us closer to nature. D．Art makes life fuller and happier. 4．What might be the best title? A．Art: A Habit, Not a Luxury B．Art: A Bridge, Not a Barrier C．Art: A Decoration, Not a Reality D．Art: A Pleasure, Not a Burden 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人们没有时间参与艺术这种现象以及艺术的重要性，艺术应该是一种生活中的必需品而不是奢侈品。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“According to Americans for the Arts, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say that the arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences.” Still, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017; 23 percent visited an art museum; six percent attended a literary event. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind.(根据美国艺术协会的说法，超过三分之二的美国成年人说艺术“让我超越了日常经历”。尽管如此，2017年只有30%的人参加了任何类型的音乐会；23%的人参观了艺术博物馆；6%的人参加了文学活动。只有不到一半的人积极创作艺术)”可知，第一段主要讲的是就艺术而言，价值观和行为之间的不匹配。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Too often, we let the realities of life get in the way of the arts, which can feel insignificant by comparison. But this is a mistake.(很多时候，我们让现实生活阻碍了艺术，相比之下，艺术显得微不足道。但这是一个错误)”可知，艺术让位于物质追求是错误的想法。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or recall your fast heartbeats as you stared at a delicate lifelike sculpture. Chances are that it probably stimulated (刺激) a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air.(想想当你听到一段音乐想哭的时候。或者回忆起当你盯着一个精致的栩栩如生的雕塑时你的心跳。很有可能是它刺激了突然的觉醒，就像呼吸了烟雾弥漫的空气后，肺部吸入纯氧后的休克一样)”可推知，作者在第5段想表达的是艺术使生活更充实、更快乐。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“If you are among those who feel that art is “pure pleasure to experience and participate in,” you might see it the same way you see eating out, or skydiving: as a luxury (奢侈品) item in your limited budgets of time and money. As such, it probably gets the same sort of treatment as any minor hobby. Don’t make this error. Treat art more like exercise or sleep: a necessity for a life full of deep satisfaction.(如果你是那些认为艺术是“体验和参与的纯粹乐趣”的人中的一员，你可能会像在外面吃饭或跳伞一样看待它：在你有限的时间和金钱预算中，它是一种奢侈品。因此，它可能会像其他小爱好一样受到同样的对待。不要犯这种错误。把艺术看作是锻炼或睡眠：是充满深刻满足感的生活的必需品)”可知，文章主要论述了人们没有时间参与艺术这种现象以及艺术的重要性，艺术应该是一种生活中的必需品而不是奢侈品。由此可知，A选项“Art: A Habit, Not a Luxury(艺术：一种习惯，而不是奢侈品)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山东聊城·期末） Is there a link between social media and depression? Do Facebook and Instagram have a negative impact on your mental health? It’s complicated. Sometimes, looking through Instagram just makes you feel bad. You try not to envy your friends, but they always seem to be traveling somewhere cool, eating something fancy, or looking cute in perfect just-rolled-out-of-bed hair. On the other hand, there are times when you laugh at funny memes (表情包), catch up with old friends, and feel happy to belong to fun social media communities. Clearly, social media isn’t all bad. People are increasingly suspecting that there’re potential problems of social media. Things like cyberbullying (网上欺凌) , screen addiction, and being exposed to endless filtered images (美颜) that make it impossible not to make comparisons between yourself and others often make the news. In July, a big study came out in the journal JAMA titled “Association of Screen Time and Depression in Adolescence.” This big headline seems to confirm what a lot of people have been saying — screen time is horrible for young people. The study followed over 3,800 adolescents over four years as part of a drug and alcohol prevention program. Part of what the investigators measured was the teens’ amount of screen time, including time spent on social media, as well as their levels of depression symptoms. One of their main findings was that higher amounts of social media use were associated with higher levels of depression. That was true both when the researches compared between people and compared each person against their own mental health over time. Case closed? Not so fast. Before we end the debate once and for all, let’s take a closer look at this and other studies. Let’s ask ourselves: what exactly is the relationship between social media use and depression? It turns out there are several warnings. 1．Why do people sometimes feel bad when looking through Instagram? A．They lack contact with old friends. B．They can travel nowhere. C．They don’t look perfect. D．They feel unbalanced. 2．Why is the article in journal JAMA mentioned? A．To comment. B．To prove. C．To suggest. D．To explore. 3．Which may agree with the findings of the study? A．Depression is related to social media use. B．Teens’ amount of screen time is limited. C．It is not easy to tell reasons for depression. D．Social media contributes to physical health. 4．What’s the best title of the text? A．How to reduce depression? B．Does social media cause depression? C．Shall people reduce screen time? D．Why is it time to give up social media? 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了关于青少年使用社交媒体与其抑郁症之间因果关系的一些研究调查，强调了其间因果关系的复杂性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sometimes, looking through Instagram just makes you feel bad. You try not to envy your friends, but they always seem to be traveling somewhere cool, eating something fancy, or looking cute in perfect just-rolled-out-of-bed hair.(有时候，浏览社交平台会让你感觉很糟糕。你尽量不嫉妒你的朋友，但他们似乎总是去一个很酷的地方旅行，吃一些很好吃的东西，或者拥有刚刚卷起来的完美发型看起来很可爱。)”可知，浏览社交网站看到朋友的令人羡慕的内容，会使自己感到心理不平衡而心情糟糕。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In July, a big study came out in the journal JAMA titled “Association of Screen Time and Depression in Adolescence.” This big headline seems to confirm what a lot of people have been saying — screen time is horrible for young people.(今年7月，《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)发表了一项名为《屏幕时间与青春期抑郁的关系》的大型研究。这个大标题似乎证实了很多人一直在说的——屏幕时间对年轻人来说是可怕的。)”可知，该文章证实了屏幕时间对年轻人来说是可怕的，从而支持了本段论点：“People are increasingly suspect that there’re the potential problems of social media.(人们越来越怀疑社交媒体的潜在问题)”，故推知，提及《美国医学会杂志》的这篇文章是为了证明论点。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“One of their main findings was that higher amounts of social media use were associated with higher levels of depression.(他们的主要发现之一是，社交媒体使用时间越长，抑郁程度越高。)”可知，抑郁症与社交媒体的使用有关。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Is there a link between social media and depression? Do Facebook and Instagram have a negative impact on your mental health? It’s complicated.(社交媒体和抑郁症之间有联系吗？Facebook和Instagram对你的心理健康有负面影响吗？它是复杂的。)”以及全文可知，本文主要讨论了关于青少年使用社交媒体与其抑郁症之间因果关系的一些研究调查，强调了其间因果关系的复杂性。B项“社交媒体会导致抑郁症吗？”贴合主旨要义，为最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 3 （22-23学年高二上·山东济南·期末） Why would anyone want to write a poem? One reason to write a poem is to dig from yourself some thought, feeling, comprehension or question that you didn’t know was in you, or in the world. Other forms of writing, such as scientific papers, political analysis and journalism, attempt to record something known. Poetry is a release of something previously unknown. Poetry opens our eyes and offers increase of reach. We live so often on a lonely island, separated from ourselves and others due to social or personal reasons. To step into a poem is to agree to risk. Writing takes down all protections to see what steps forward. Poetry is a trick of language, in which the writer is both magician and audience. You reach your hand into the hat and surprise yourself with a rabbit or memory, with unusual verbs or rhymes. Poems lead to revolutions of being. Whatever the old order was, a poem will change it. What we want from art is whatever is missing from the lives we are living and making. Something is always missing, and so art-making is endless. There is also the matter of connection. You can’t write an image, a metaphor (暗喻), a story, a phrase without approaching the shared world, without recognizing that your supposed solitude (独处) is at every point touching some others. You can’t read a good poem without recognizing your own face in the poet’s experience. It allows us to feel more strongly and accurately what is already present. Then it expands that and expands us. Does art change anything by its existence or non-existence? I’d argue that art, if it is genuinely art, is a force for the good. That the rearrangement of words can reopen the potential of both inner and outer worlds — I cannot say why I feel this to be true, except that I feel it so when I read good poems. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By quoting a saying. D．By making a comparison. 2．What is the similarity between poetry and magic? A．They bring surprises. B．They follow traditions. C．They change the world. D．They are arts of language. 3．What can a good poem do according to the text? A．Criticize social reality. B．Apply new expressions. C．Bridge poets and readers. D．Remind readers of the past. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards art? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了有人想要写诗的原因。 1．推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段中的“One reason to write a poem is to dig from yourself some thought, feeling, comprehension or question that you didn’t know was in you, or in the world.(写诗的一个原因是从自己身上挖掘一些你不知道的想法、感受、理解或问题。)”引出了主题。接下来“Other forms of writing, such as scientific papers, political analysis and journalism, attempt to record something known. Poetry is a release of something previously unknown.(其他写作形式，如科学论文、政治分析和新闻报道，试图记录一些已知的东西。诗歌是对以前未知事物的释放。)”通过将其他写作形式和诗歌进行比较，从而对前文写诗的原因进行具体阐述，由此可推测出，作者通过比较来介绍本文主题。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Poetry is a trick of language, in which the writer is both magician and audience. You reach your hand into the hat and surprise yourself with a rabbit or memory, with unusual verbs or rhymes.(诗歌是一种语言的把戏，在这个把戏中作者既是魔术师又是听众。你把手伸进帽子里，用一只兔子或记忆，用不同寻常的动词或押韵，给自己一个惊喜。)”可知，写诗的人和魔术师很像，魔术师把手伸进帽子里变出兔子，而写诗的人用记忆、不同寻常的动词或押韵创造出新的东西，二者都可以带来惊喜。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“There is also the matter of connection.(还有联系的问题。)”和“You can’t read a good poem without recognizing your own face in the poet’s experience.(读一首好诗，你不可能不从诗人的经历中认出自己的面孔。)”可知，诗会创造出联系，读好诗的时候你会体验到作者的经历，由此可推测出，一首好诗会给诗人和读者创造桥梁，将诗人和读者联系起来。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Does art change anything by its existence or non-existence? I’d argue that art, if it is genuinely art, is a force for the good.(艺术的存在或不存在会改变什么吗？我认为，如果艺术真的是艺术，那么它就是一种向善的力量。)”可知，在提到艺术的作用时，作者认为真正的艺术是一种向善的力量，由此可推测出，作者对艺术持肯定态度。故选B。 Passage 4 （22-23学年高二上·山东青岛二中·期末） No business would welcome being compared to gambling (赌博)Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have complained that their children are “addicted” to their video games and smartphones. Today, however, even more doctors are using the term. On January I this year, “gaming disorder”—in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm—gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO). Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. Those who don’t think so say that this is just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rock’n’roll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword puzzles, but it turns out that they are not as harmful as expected. However, supporters argue that game developers have the motivation and the means to design their products to make them extremely attractive. For one thing. the business-model has changed. In the old days, games were bought once and for all. But these days, games are free and money is earned from purchases of in-game goods, which ties playtime directly to revenue (收益). For another, game-makers combine psychological theory and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. In this way products are constantly adjusted to encourage players’ spending. The biggest spenders are known as “whales”, a term that originated in casinos(赌场). The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses will become more common. Anyway, being put together with gambling in the public mind, fairly or not, will not do the industry any good. 1．What do we know from Paragraph 1? A．It is not suitable to compare video games to gambling B．Parents complain about their children’s addiction to gambling C．More doctors are against the use of the term “addicted”. D．Gaming addiction was officially recognized as a disease. 2．What does the underlined words “moral panic” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Wrong judgment on how harmful something is. B．Trouble caused by someone’s immoral behavior. C．Unexpected social progress caused by science and technology. D．Panic due to the gap between the old and the young 3．What do games developers do to make games attractive? A．They don’t charge players for in-game goods. B．They adjust products based on received data. C．They keep players’ video game machines updated. D．They reward big spenders with a unique title. 4．In the last paragraph, the author aims to _________. A．offer a suggestion B．make a prediction C．give a warning D．put forward a solution 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章讨论了“视频游戏是否会上瘾”。随着世界卫生组织的官方承认，“游戏成瘾”的诊断将变得更加普遍，且将它与赌博放在一起，无论公平与否，都不会给游戏行业带来任何好处。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“On January I this year, “gaming disorder”—in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm—gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO).(今年1月1日，“游戏失调症”得到了世界卫生组织的认可。“游戏失调症”指的是在游戏中不受控制地玩游戏，尽管会造成危害。 )”可知，游戏成瘾被官方认定为一种疾病。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据前文“Are games really addictive?(游戏真的会上瘾吗?)”和后文“Similar warnings have been given about television, rock’n’roll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword puzzles, but it turns out that they are not as harmful as expected.(对于电视、摇滚乐、爵士乐、漫画书、小说甚至填字游戏，人们也给出了类似的警告，但事实证明，这些警告并没有想象的那么有害。)”可知，人么恐慌的是“游戏会让人们过度成瘾”。因此“moral panic”指的故选是对某物（文中指游戏）有害程度的错误判断。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段的第五、六句“Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. In this way products are constantly adjusted to encourage players’ spending. (智能手机和现代电子游戏机利用它们的永久互联网连接将游戏玩法数据发回给开发者。通过这种方式，产品会不断调整以鼓励玩家消费。)”可知，游戏开发者根据接收到的数据调整产品，以使游戏更具有吸引力。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses will become more common. Anyway, being put together with gambling in the public mind, fairly or not, will not do the industry any good.(游戏行业应该意识到，在现实世界中，它有一个问题，这个问题正在增长，随着世界卫生组织的官方承认，游戏成瘾的诊断将变得更加普遍。无论如何，在公众心目中与赌博放在一起，无论公平与否，都不会给这个行业带来任何好处。)”可知，作者在最后一段，针对游戏行业出现的问题做出了提醒和警示。故选C项。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·山东滨州·期末） The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children, concluded as a“lying down”lifestyle, recently struck a chord with many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society. Many millennials(千禧一代)and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes and financial pressure, have pushed them“against the wall”. They said they hate the “involution(内卷)”, joking that they would rather give up some of what they have than get trapped in an endless competition against peers. “Instead of always following the ’virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis(宣泄)and adjustment,”said ascholar. “It is no wonder that some young people, under the growing pressures from child-raising to house costs today, would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.” Interestingly, the majority of millennials and Gen Zs reached by the Global Times, who claim to be big fans of the lying down philosophy, admitted that they only accept a temporary lying down as a short rest. It is true that with the great improvement of living conditions, some Chinese youths have partially lost the spirit of hardship and are not willing to bear too much hard work. But in fact, lying down is not entirely comfortable. Young people who lie down always feel guilty about their constant loss of confidence in pursuing the dreams beyond their reach. “Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have refused to set ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges,”a postgraduate student told the Global Times. “It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later.” 1．What might have caused the“lying down” lifestyle among the young? A．Growing pressure from family and social life. B．Improvements in living conditions. C．Increasing material possessions from families. D．Temporary adjustment to failure in competitions. 2．What does the underlined word in Para.2 probably mean? A．Discussion. B．Argument. C．Meeting. D．Agreement. 3．What’s the scholar’s attitude toward the“lying down”group? A．Understanding. B．Objective. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 4．What can be inferred about the young generation from the text? A．They would rather escape than take challenges. B．They really enjoy the“lying down”lifestyle. C．They find their dreams far beyond their reach. D．They never really drop their responsibilities. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章讲述的是在这个快节奏竞争激烈的社会中，许多年轻人渴望暂时停下来喘口气。因此他们选择“躺平”。虽然如此，但是大多数人都不想浪费机会和挑战，也不会真正放下自己所承担的责任。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many millennials(千禧一代)and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes and financial pressure, have pushed them“against the wall”. (许多千禧一代和z一代向《环球时报》抱怨，工作压力、家庭纠纷和经济压力等负担把他们“推到了墙角”。)”可知，来自家庭和社会生活中的日益增长的压力可能是导致年轻人选择“躺平”生活方式的主要原因。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段中划线词前面的“burdens, including work stress(负担，包括工作压力)”以及划线词后面的“financial pressure(经济压力)”可知，此处划线词与这些词构成并列结构，故应该是贬义词，argument意为“纷争，争论”，与划线词dispute为近义词。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Instead of always following the virtues of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis(宣泄)and adjustment.(他们不总是遵循奋斗、忍耐和牺牲的“美德”来承受压力，而是喜欢暂时躺下作为宣泄和调整。)”以及下文的“It is no wonder that some young people, under the growing pressures from child-raising to house costs today, would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.(难怪一些年轻人，在日益增长的压力下，从抚养孩子到住房成本，试图生活在简单的方式，把烦恼抛在身后。)”可知，学者们对“躺平”群体的态度是理解的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have refused to set ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges.(校园里的年轻人对他们的未来既有憧憬又有困惑，但我们大多数人拒绝把自己束缚在浪费机会和挑战的枷锁中。)”以及“It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’and face the reality sooner or later.(是没有用的。我迟早要‘站起来’面对现实。)”可知，他们不会逃避，不会真正的放下自己的责任。故选D。 Passage 6 （20-21学年高二上·山东滨州·期末） Restaurants’ growth accelerated in the 20th century. Dining out became relatively more expensive. And yet three economic changes ensured that demand for restaurants grew despite rising prices. The first was immigration. In the 50 years after the Second World War, the net flow of migrants into rich countries were more than four times as before. Starting a restaurant was a good career move for new arrivals：it neither required formal qualifications nor, at least for chefs, fluency in the local language. Migrants tended to improve the quality of an area’s restaurants. London’s became far better in the era of free movement with the European Union. The melting pot that is Singapore has some of the best food in the world Restaurants became more tempting, even as prices went up. The second factor was the changing microeconomics of the family. Households’ choices about whether to make their own food or to buy it premade were shaped not only by the cost of ingredients, but also by the time spent on shopping and preparation. As more women entered the workforce during the 20th century, a working woman who cooked dinner would be sacrificing time which might otherwise be used to earn money. And so eating out made increasing economic sense, even as it became more expensive. The third factor was changing working patterns. Historically, poor people tended to work longer hours than rich ones. But in the latter half of the 20th century the opposite became true. The rise of knowledge-intensive jobs, and globalization, made rich people’s work more financially rewarding and enjoyable. Working late into the night became a sign of status. The result was that the people with the most money to spend on dining out increasingly needed it most, since they had the least free time. The long-term future of the restaurant is less clear. The pandemic has led to many people buying more takeout than before, while others have a newfound love of cooking. Restaurants have little choice but to continue to adapt. Maybe apart from food, they can also double down on what they do best: offering those who need to eat a taste of romance, glamour and love. 1．Why was starting a restaurant a good choice for the new migrants? A．They could meet the requirements easily. B．They could speak the local language fluently. C．They could serve the best food in the world. D．They could move to and from the country freely. 2．Which one best describes people doing knowledge-intensive jobs in the second half of the 20th century? A．They might make little money. B．They tended to eat at home. C．They tended to work longer hours. D．They might have a lower social status. 3．What effect does the pandemic have on restaurants according to the passage? A．Restaurants have to double the price of dishes. B．Restaurants have to reduce the cost of ingredients. C．Restaurants have to adapt to the needs of customers. D．Restaurants have to cancel the take-out service. 4．What’s the main idea of the whole passage? A．How to make restaurants more appealing. B．How restaurants survive the pandemic. C．What contributes to the development of restaurants. D．Why people go to restaurants despite the rising price. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了在疫情时代餐饮业发展的三个原因。 1．细节理解题。由第二段“Starting a restaurant was a good career move for new arrivals: it neither required formal qualifications nor, at least for chefs, fluency in the local language.”(对于新来的人来说，开一家餐馆是一个很好的职业选择：它既不需要正式的资格，也不需要流利的当地语言，至少对厨师来说是这样。)可知，开餐馆对于移民来说是一个好的选择，因为要求低，他们可以很容易地达到要求。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。由第四段“The rise of knowledge-intensive jobs, and globalization, made rich people’s work more financially rewarding and enjoyable. Working late into the night became a sign of status.”(知识密集型工作的兴起和全球化使富人的工作在经济上更有价值，更令人愉快。工作到深夜成为身份的标志。)可知，知识密集型工作从业者工作时间会更长。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。由尾段“Restaurants have little choice but to continue to adapt.”(餐厅别无选择，只能继续适应。)可知，餐馆必须适应顾客的需要。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。由第一段“And yet three economic changes ensured that demand for restaurants grew despite rising prices”(然而，尽管价格上涨，但三项经济变化确保了对餐馆的需求仍在增长)可知，本文主要讲了三个餐饮业发展下去的原因。故选C项。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $