Unit 1 Period 2 Grammar and usage-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册教用word（译林版）

Period 2 Grammar and usage 句子成分和基本句式结构 要义详析 探究语法 一、句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等。 感知经典 （1）（教材P6）Setting goals gives you a focus in life. 设定目标让你的生活有重点。 （2）（外研必修一U1）It's your turn！ 轮到你了！ （3）（外研必修一U1）The big day finally arrived. 这一重大的日子终于到来了。 （4）（外研必修一U1）Everyone started laughing. 所有人都开始笑。 （5）（外研必修一U1）Challenges like this might sometimes put you under pressure. 类似这样的挑战或许有时会让你们有压力。 （6）The girl in red is running fast. 穿红衣服的女孩跑得很快。 明悉规则 句子成分包括以下几类： 成分 意义 位置 可充当词 主语S（Subject） 句子所叙述的主体，是动作的发出者或表述的对象 位于句首 名词（短语）、代词、数词、动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式、从句等 谓语V（Verb） 表示主语的行为或状态，谓语动词与主语在人称和数上须保持一致 主语之后 实义动词（V）和系表结构（VP） 宾语O（Object） 表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者 动词或介词后 名词（短语）、代词、数词、动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式、从句等 直接宾语DO（Direct Object） 表示动作的直接承受者或后果，一般是物 动词后 名词、代词 间接宾语IO（IndirectObject） 表示动作是向某人或为某人做的，一般是人 动词后 名词、代词 表语P（Predicative） 用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等 系动词后 名词、形容词、介词短语、分词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）、从句等 宾语补足语OC（Object Complement） 补充说明宾语的状态等 宾语后 名词、形容词、介词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）、分词（短语）等 定语Attrib（Attributive） 修饰、限制名词或代词 被修饰词的前面或后面 名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）、分词（短语）、从句等 状语Ad（Adverbial） 说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生；说明形容词或副词的程度 位置灵活 副词、介词（短语）、名词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）、分词（短语）、从句等 二、基本句式结构 1.主谓结构（SV）：主语+谓语（不及物动词）（短语） 感知经典 （1）（教材P6）I agree. 我同意。 （2）（外研必修一U1）I replied. 我回答说。 （3）They walked and laughed. 他们边走边笑。 明悉规则 此句式结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态，句式结构中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语），动词后不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。 2.主系表结构（SVP）：主语+系动词+表语 感知经典 （1）（教材P6）These habits will be helpful. 这些习惯将会有帮助。 （2）（外研必修一U1）The campus was still quiet. 校园里仍然很安静。 （3）Talking is the best way to let people know how you feel. 说话是让别人知道你的感受的最好方式。 （4）The girl remained awake all the night. 这个女孩整夜没睡。 （5）Your story sounds interesting. 你的故事听起来很有趣。 （6）My father's hope is that I can go home frequently. 我的父亲的希望是我能经常回家。 明悉规则 此句式结构侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，其中构成谓语的动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态。常见的系动词有be动词、感官系动词（sound、look、smell、taste、feel）、变化系动词（become、get、grow、turn、go、fall、run）、持续系动词（remain、keep、hold、stay）、表象系动词（seem、appear、look）等。 3.主谓宾结构（SVO）：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语 感知经典 （1）（教材P6）You will live a happy life. 你将生活幸福。 （2）（外研必修一U1）I saw a white-haired man. 我看见一个白发老人。 （3）Last Sunday, our school held a five-kilometer cross-country running race. 上周日，我们学校举行了一场五公里越野跑步比赛。 （4）You should not give up studying. 你不应该放弃学习。 （5）Tim said that he could speak Chinese. 蒂姆说他会说中文。 （6）He said “Good morning”. 他说“早上好”。 明悉规则 此句式结构中的谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语（动作的承受者）才能表达完整的意思。 4.主谓双宾结构（SVIODO）：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 感知经典 （1）（外研必修一U1）He gave me a smile. 他对我笑了笑。 （2）You should tell me the truth. =You should tell the truth to me. 你应该告诉我真相。 （3）Her father bought her a dictionary. =Her father bought a dictionary for her. 她父亲给她买了一本字典。 （4）He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我如何操作这台机器。 （5）I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他公共汽车晚点了。 明悉规则 此句式结构中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词to或for。间接宾语之前用介词to的常见动词有give、 tell、 teach、 write、 bring、 lend、 show、 offer、 send等。间接宾语之前用介词for的常见动词有buy、 fetch、 save、 choose、 sing、 spare等。 5.主谓宾宾补结构（SVOOC）：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 感知经典 （1）（教材P6）Setting goals makes you more confident. 设定目标使你更自信。 （2）（外研必修一U1）His words made me a lot more relaxed! 他的话让我轻松多了！ （3）I saw them getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了公共汽车。 （4）My teacher had me see a doctor. 我的老师让我去看医生。 明悉规则 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的身份、所处的状态等。此句式结构常见于三类动词：①使役动词keep、 make、 let、 have、 leave、 get等；②感官动词或短语see、 watch、 notice、 observe、 find、 look at、 listen to、 hear、 feel、 smell等；③其他动词ask、 tell、 allow、 order、 permit、 persuade、consider等。 6.主谓状（SVAd）：主语+谓语+状语 感知经典 （1）（外研必修一U1）I woke up early. 我起得很早。 （2）The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 （3）They talked for half an hour last night. 他们昨晚谈了半个小时。 （4）She was reading when her mother came in. 当她妈妈进来时，她正在读书。 （5）She danced to make the baby happy. 她跳舞来哄婴儿高兴。 明悉规则 此句式结构中的谓语动词通常为不及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词或整个句子。 7.主谓宾状（SVOAd）：主语+谓语+宾语+状语 感知经典 （1）（外研必修一U1）I looked at them in panic. 我惊慌失措地看着他们。 （2）She was doing her homework at 8：00 last night. 昨天晚上8点她正在做作业。 （3）He brought his brother to see me. 他带他弟弟来看我。 明悉规则 此句式结构中的谓语动词通常为及物动词；介词短语、名词短语、动词不定式、副词、分词、从句等在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。 8.There be句型 感知经典 （1）There are many respectable people around us. 我们身边有很多值得尊敬的人。 （2）There goes the bell. Let's go into the lecture hall. 铃响了。让我们去报告厅吧。 （3）There seems to be a little dog under the desk. 桌子下面好像有一只小狗。 （4）There happened to be a man walking by. 碰巧有一个人经过。 明悉规则 在There be句型中，be动词后面的名词是主语，There be句型中谓语的单复数形式与其邻近的名词保持一致。be动词还可以进行多种时态形式的变化。谓语动词除be动词外，有时可用表示存在的动词（短语），如live、 stand、 lie、 seem/appear to be（好像有）、happen to be（碰巧有）、used to be（曾经有）等。 课堂微练 即时检验 Ⅰ.写出下列句中画线部分的句子成分 1． . [答案]①状语 ②主语 ③谓语 ④宾语 2． . [答案]①主语 ②定语 ③谓语 3． . [答案]①状语 ②主语 ③谓语 ④宾语 ⑤宾语补足语 4． . [答案]①状语 ②主语 ③谓语 ④宾语 ⑤状语 5． . [答案]①主语 ②谓语 ③宾语 ④宾语补足语 ⑤状语 Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．我们的新老师很幽默而且很和蔼。（主语+系动词+表语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]Our new teacher is very humorous and kind. 2．当我遇到困难时，我的老师总是帮助我。（主语+谓语+宾语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ when I have difficulties. [答案]My teacher always helps me 3．作为一名高中生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的学科。（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语） As a high school student, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]I consider English a very important subject 4．为了保持健康，我们应该定期锻炼。（主语+谓语） In order to keep healthy, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ regularly. [答案]we should exercise 5．英语俱乐部的成员每月聚会两次。（主语+谓语+状语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]The members of the English Club meet twice a month. 6．这位老人总是给孩子们讲长征中那些英雄的故事。（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about the heroes in the Long March. [答案]The old man always tells the children stories 课后巩固 多维提能 ［基础知识巩固练］ 维度一 写出下列句中黑体部分所作的成分 1．The young man bought his friend some pens._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]间接宾语 2．The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister._ _ _ _ [答案]定语 3．He handed me the newspaper._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]间接宾语 4．My job is answering all the emails every day._ _ _ _ [答案]表语 5．The meeting will be held the day after tomorrow._ _ _ _ [答案]状语 6．The girl talking to the kids is his daughter._ _ _ _ [答案]主语 7．The question is whether they will agree to my plan._ _ _ _ [答案]主语 8．Mr Wang， my child's teacher， will be visiting us on Tuesday._ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]同位语 9．We were listening to the music at the time._ _ _ _ [答案]谓语 10．I tried to avoid meeting him in the street._ _ _ _ [答案]宾语 11．The students are playing basketball on the playground._ _ _ _ [答案]谓语 12．He gave me a basket full of eggs._ _ _ _ [答案]定语 13．He took money from his pocket to buy a newspaper._ _ _ _ [答案]宾语 14．The manager made them work hard._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]宾语补足语 15．The best method of keeping slim is to do exercise regularly._ _ _ _ [答案]表语 16．When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Beijing._ _ _ _ [答案]状语 维度二 写出下列句子的句子结构 1．He asked me to come back soon._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 2．There are many customs in the village._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]there be句型 3．The students agreed._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+谓语 4．My teacher gave me a book._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 5．A sports meeting will be held in our school next week._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+谓语+状语 6．My sister is writing a letter._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+谓语+宾语 7．His face turned red._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+系动词+表语 8．I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+谓语+宾语+状语 9．I heard him singing a song._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 10．This is an English-Chinese dictionary._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+系动词+表语 维度三 语法与写作 1．你的建议听起来很棒。（主语+系动词+表语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]Your suggestion sounds excellent. 2．我喜欢读书和踢足球。（主语+谓语+宾语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]I enjoy reading books and playing football. 3．请问一下，你可以把你的词典借给我吗？（主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]Could you lend a dictionary to me, please? 4．一个新体育馆正在我的家乡建造中。（主语+谓语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in my hometown. [答案]A new gym is being built 5．吉姆每天早晨在公园里跑步。（主语+谓语+状语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]Jim runs in the park every morning. 6．在业余时间我喜欢听流行音乐和集邮。（主语+谓语+宾语+状语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]I enjoy listening to pop music and collecting stamps in my spare time. 7．我听见他在屋子里唱歌。（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]I heard him singing in the room. 8．我们只能给你腾出一个房间。（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]We can only spare you one room. 9．我在读一本有趣的小说。（主语+谓语+宾语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]I am reading an interesting novel. 10．他知道下一步做什么。（主语+谓语+宾语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]He knows what to do next. 11．今天下午我将把所有衣服都洗完。 （主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]I will have all my clothes washed this afternoon. 12．我的妈妈给了这个男孩一本书。（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]My mother gave the boy a book. 13．他们昨天晚上玩得很开心。（主语+谓语+宾语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]They enjoyed themselves very much last night. 维度四 语法与语篇 写出下面短文中画线部分的结构 Dear Terry, How are you doing?In your last letter,you asked me about how to behave when visiting a Chinese friend. Now, 1.I am writing to give you some advice. To begin with, you'd better arrive a little earlier because it's polite to do so. Second, 2.you'd better bring the family some gifts, such as a bunch of flowers or some fruit. Most importantly, the elderly are usually the first to taste the food because they are well respected in China. What's more, when 3.you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid making a noise. Hopefully, 4.these suggestions would be helpful. I'm sure that 5.you will have a great time and 6.you'll find us Chinese very friendly. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua [答案]1.主语+谓语+状语 2.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 3.主语+谓语+宾语 4.主语+系动词+表语 5.主语+谓语+宾语 6.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 ［综合能力提升练］ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A In the US, when the eighth graders leave the middle school, they are often worried about moving to the high school. It is a hard time for them,but it can be an exciting one as well. To make it easier,students need to get familiar with their school. Even though they've already done this in the middle school, it's still important to find where their classrooms are. Most schools take students to the high school for a visit at the end of their eighth grade year. And, most schools also have a freshman （新生） speech for parents and students before the first year begins. Sometimes the main office will give away a map of the school. This can help students and parents to find different places in the school. One way to know your high school more and make new friends is to join a club or play a sport. Schools often offer chances to join different clubs and sports. Fall activities begin in August before the first day of school. If you are not interested in sports,there are clubs for any interest,such as drama,dance,chess,photography, community service,etc. These clubs allow students from different grades. By joining an activity, students can find new friendships, not to mention improving their chances in future college applications （申请）.The school office will have a list of activities and information on how to join them. What's more,to have a great start to a high school year, students can write down some of their worries, and ask for help from teachers and school workers. 1．According to the passage, most students feel _ _ _ _ when entering the high school. A. excited B. nervous C. lonely D. disappointed 2．When do many schools take students to visit their new high school? A. Before the eighth grade year starts. B. Right after the high school year starts. C. At the end of their eighth grade year. D. At the beginning of the new term in the high school. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about the school clubs? A. There are fewer students from higher grades in the school clubs. B. The school clubs in high school only welcome sports fans. C. Summer activities begin before school starts. D. The school office can help new students join school clubs. 4．What is the purpose of this passage? A. To tell the new students how to learn in high school. B. To introduce new schools. C. To give the teachers some advice. D. To give advice to new high school students. [答案] 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,大多数学生对进入高中感到紧张和焦虑。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,大多数学校会在八年级结束时带学生参观高中。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句和最后一句可知,学校可以帮助新生参加俱乐部。 4．写作意图题。通读全文可知,这篇文章旨在向高中新生提供几点建议。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何尽快适应高中生活。 [（2025·莆田五校联考）]B Where in the classroom do you prefer to sit, and why? Scientists have discovered that seating preference not only shows students' personalities, but has a great influence on their school performance. Generally speaking, students show different attitudes depending on where they sit. Based on the research, scientists have developed a funnel-like （像漏斗的） model of “learning zones” to see the relationship between seating and active learning. In this model, the mouth of the funnel（A） is the best position for learning. Students in this front area prove to be the most active learners. They show a greater desire （渴求） for learning, which leads them to focus better and take a more active part than the rest of the class. Those in the neck of the funnel（B） don't pay the same close attention, but they ask a lot of questions, partly because of the added confidence they feel from being in a safe zone, with others around them. Less desirable is the area “outside the funnel”（C,D）, which refers to the side and the back rows, where students take a less active part in classroom activities and find it hard to focus their attention, falling asleep at times. Studies about learning zones suggest that a change in traditional seating plans can benefit students. In fact, a growing number of teachers have begun less traditional seating plans, such as “U-Type”.There are no side and back areas, so teachers can expect their students to take part in activities more actively and increase student-teacher interaction （互动）. 5．According to scientists, what influences students' learning greatly? A. The number of students. B. The time of class. C. Seating positions. D. The size of the classroom. 6．Which of the following is the most proper area for learning? A. Area A. B. Area B. C. Area C. D. Area D. 7．It turns out that students sitting in Area B _ _ _ _ . A. sometimes fall asleep B. feel safe and confident C. seldom ask their teachers questions D. try to avoid looking directly at the teacher 8．Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A life newspaper. B. An advertisement. C. An education magazine. D. A science textbook. [答案] 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C [解析] 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists have discovered...school performance.”可知,科学家发现学生的在校表现受到座位的影响。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In this model, the mouth of the funnel（A） is the best position for learning.”可知,A区域最适合学习。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Those in the neck of the funnel（B）...others around them.”可知,坐在B区域的学生被其他学生环绕,因此觉得既安全又自信。 8．文章出处题。通读全文可知,科学家通过研究发现教室里的座位安排对学生的表现有很大影响。因此本文是一篇关于研究学校教育方面的文章,有可能出自教育杂志。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。科学家发现,座位偏好不仅能体现学生的个性,而且对他们在学校的表现也有很大的影响,改变传统的座位安排可以使学生受益。 [（2025·保定高一检测）]C When I first heard about Summit Learning, I admitted I was not a bit happy and excited at all. I thought it would need interactions with others. But later, I was amazed when I got to experience it firsthand. Recently, we did a poetry project, and one of the activities was a peer （同龄人） review. I would never have taken part if it was up to me, as I preferred to work by myself. But when I got involved, I found in the experience, I had done something that I thought was nearly impossible—it made my poetry better. My partner informed me of my mistakes and told me where I could give more details. One of our final products of the project was to present our poetry to the class. I've always loved public speaking, but I thought with Summit Learning, I would have fewer chances to speak. I was wrong. The peer activities we did with a partner gave me more belief in my ability and encouraged me to do more to make my presentation the best it could possibly be. Interactions like these are what Summit Learning is all about. This style of learning brings a positive and hard-working culture that allows us to push our boundaries （界限） and keep going. It creates a sense of community since we are all working towards a similar goal. As an active boy, I have always been ahead, but in a normal classroom, there are limitations on what I can do. With Summit Learning, I can go beyond expectations in projects or move ahead in learning new knowledge when I'm ready. I have ownership of my work and can pursue my goals. Summit Learning has showed me how much people can grow and change. It has helped me see people and myself differently. It has been one of the greatest experiences of my life, and I cannot see myself going back to a normal classroom. 9．What was the author's response to Summit Learning at first? A. He was unwilling to attend it. B. He was excited to take part in it. C. He was surprised to hear about it. D. He was unhappy to give it up. 10．How did the poetry project benefit the author? A. It boosted his confidence. B. It developed his sense of humor. C. It reminded him to be independent. D. It taught him how to organize activities. 11．What can be inferred about Summit Learning? A. It proves the limits of one's abilities. B. It teaches poetry in a normal classroom. C. It transforms the traditional way of learning. D. It promotes diversity of classroom objectives. 12．How does the author find Summit Learning now? A. Demanding. B. Worthwhile. C. Upsetting. D. Traditional. [答案] 9．A 10．A 11．C 12．B [解析] 9．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,当作者第一次听说顶峰学习项目时,他很不乐意参加。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,诗歌项目增强了作者的自信。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段和第五段内容可知,顶峰学习项目改变了传统的学习方式。 12．观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知,作者认为顶峰学习项目是值得参与的。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参与顶峰学习项目的经历。 Ⅱ.七选五 If you have a big test coming up or just want to do well in class, studying is one of the best things you can do to improve your grade. Even though reviewing things you already learned might seem boring, you'll feel a lot more comfortable with the material.1.   Study in 1-hour blocks. Keep your study time shorter so you don't get tired. 2.   Only focus on one subject at a time during each block. In this way, you don't get information mixed up between classes. Plan regular breaks. 3.   Since studying takes up a lot of energy and brainpower, schedule in 5-10 minutes every hour where you just relax. Avoid working through the breaks. Schedule （安排） time to study every day. Try to set aside a regular time to go over notes for class. 4.   So, you're able to focus a little better. If you can, try to plan the same time every day so you can get into a regular routine （惯例）. 5.   Find a place where you won't have trouble concentrating on the material. Avoid studying in a room with other loud people or distractions （使分心的事） since it'll be hard to focus and remember the material. Instead, go into your room and shut the door, or find a quiet spot at the school library where you can sit. A.Work somewhere quiet. B.Review your notes in your own words. C.Find a time when you feel the most energetic to study. D.We'll start by looking at some tips on forming the best study habits! E.Step away for a few minutes every hour so you don't feel overworked. F.If you live with others, ask them to be quiet when you plan your study time. G.Set aside an hour for each of your subjects so you have time to review them. [答案] 1．D 2．G 3．E 4．C 5．A [解析] 1．根据上文“If you have a big test...more comfortable with the material.”可知，此处说明了复习的重要性以及它带来的好处。D项承上启下，引出了下文具体的学习建议。 2．根据上文“Keep your study time shorter so you don't get tired.”可知，此处建议学习时间要短。G项中的an hour和上文中的“Keep your study time shorter”相呼应，明确地分析了缩短学习时间的原因。 3．根据本段小标题“Plan regular breaks.”可知，此处指出需要规划休息时间。E项承上启下，解释了为什么需要休息以及如何安排。 4．根据上文“Try to set aside a regular time to go over notes for class.”可知，要留出固定时间复习笔记。C项进一步解释了找什么样的时间，符合语境。 5．根据下文“Find a place where you...and remember the material.”可知，本段讲述了选择安静环境的重要性。A项符合语境，直接点明了需要安静的学习环境。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有效的学习方法和习惯。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [（2025·武威高一检测）]How are you getting along with your senior high school?It may be hard for you as this is the first time that you 1.   （leave） your parents. I know that you are now having trouble 2.   （communicate） with others, and you may often feel lonely. That's 3.   you are new here and people don't know about you. But I think you can overcome the difficulty if you can follow the advice below. First,you should join 4.   the discussions and show your own opinions about the matters. And at the same time,learn to listen to other people's views 5.   （careful）.Second, you should learn about your classmates' likes and dislikes, 6.   can make you get familiar with them. Only in this way can you get to know more 7.   （differ） people and show them that you are just as friendly. Last but not least, I'm always here ready to help. We can take part in some 8.   （activity） together and I can introduce you to others. There's no need 9.   （worry） too much. People will know you more very soon and will like to make friends 10.   you if you can do as the above. Just remember, “God helps those who help themselves.” [答案] 1．have left 2．communicating 3．because 4．in 5．carefully 6．which 7．different 8．activities 9．to worry 10．with [解析] 1．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。“this is the+序数词+time that sb.have/has done sth.”为固定句型,意为“这是某人第几次做某事”,因此空处应用现在完成时,主语you是第二人称,助动词应用have。 2．考查非谓语动词。have trouble （in） doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“做某事有困难”。 3．考查表语从句。根据上文“you may often feel lonely”和下文“you are new here and people don't know about you”可知,下文解释上文提到的“孤独”的原因，空处应用because引导表语从句。 4．考查介词。join in为固定搭配,意为“加入”。 5．考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词修饰动词短语listen to。 6．考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,主语是前面整个主句所表示的事情,空处应用关系代词which。 7．考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词people。 8．考查名词复数。activity为可数名词,且空前有some修饰,应用名词复数。 9．考查非谓语动词。there's no need to do sth.为固定句型,意为“不需要做某事”,空处应用动词不定式。 10．考查介词。make friends with sb.为固定搭配,意为“和某人交朋友”。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章就在高中如何与他人相处提出几条建议。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $