高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 18 完全动词用法释疑 清单-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

2025-12-03
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 动词
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 46 KB
发布时间 2025-12-03
更新时间 2025-12-03
作者 匿名
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-12-03
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价格 0.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该高中英语核心语法知识清单聚焦完全动词用法释疑,涵盖系动词、使役动词、短语动词等22个高频考点,系统梳理动词搭配、语态转换及易混用法等核心内容。 清单采用“问题-解析-实例”分层设计,对“have+宾语+不定式/现在分词”等重难点标注考频,用真题例句对比强调动作概括性与具体性差异,培养学生语言能力和思维品质。特设易错警示如“hope不可接宾语+不定式”,附记忆口诀与应用场景提示,助力学生自主复习,教师可据此优化语法教学,提升备考针对性。

内容正文:

高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 18 完全动词用法释疑 1 关于“catch somebody+现在分词” 有读者问这样一道选择题: (1)The salesman scolded the girl caught_________and let her off. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing 答案是D,但A是否也对? A不对,必须选D;因为当catch作“撞见,发觉”解时,其后常接somebody doing something:被动语态亦然,如: (2)I caught the boy stealing fruit from my orchard. (3)They were caught trying to cross the frontier at night. 2 fall 在此是不是系动词? 有读者问这样的话: (1)Mr Howe fell ill. So Miss Brown took his class yesterday. 句中的 fell 是什么词?是不是系动词? 是的, fell 在此是系动词,其后有形容词 ill 作表语。它是 fall 的过去式。fall 作为系动词的意思相当于become, 再如: (2)He fell silent. (3)Keep awake; don't fall asleep. (4)The rope fell short. (5)The horse fell lame. 系动词 fall 之后亦可接 victim, prey 等名词, 如: (6)He fell victim to persecution. (7)He fell a prey to the plague. 系动词,按其使用范围来说,可分为两大类: 第一类系动词经常用作系动词,其使用范围较广,如常见的 be, appear, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, feel, remain, keep, become, get, grow, prove, turn 等; 第二类系动词只是偶尔用作系动词,其使用范围较小,后面只可跟有限的词语,如burn (后常接 low 等), loom (后只接 large), play (rough), rest (assured), stand (firm), blush (bright, red), run (wild),spring (open)等。 fall (后常接 ill, silent, asleep 等)应属于第二类。 3 “get+宾语+不定式”与“get+宾语+现在分词”的区别 有读者问: “get+宾语+不定式”结构与“get+宾语+现在分词”结构有何区别? 当get作“劝说、请求、吩咐等”解时,其后一般应接“somebody+不定式”,如: (1)Let's get him to buy us lunch. (劝说) (2)I got him to help me when I moved the furniture. (请求) (3)He got them to repair the bridge. (吩咐) 但当get作“使,设法”解时,其后则既可接“宾语+不定式”,也可接“宾语+现在分词”。二者的区别主要在于:不定式强调动作的概括性,有潜能的含义;现在分词强调动作的具体性,有连续、重复、描写等含义。总的说来,不定式似乎较现在分词更为常见一些(有些英语词典只收纳前者,未收纳后者)。现举几例试比较如下: (4)I finally got the radio to work . (to work单纯表能运转这一概念) (5)I finally got the radio working .(working表进入正常运转状态) (6)Get the bus to move . (车子有故障,to move表启动) (7)Get the bus moving . (车子不一定有故障,moving表正常运行) get表“设法使”时,其后的宾语有时亦可指人,试比较: (8)If you can get them to talk your problem is solved.(to talk表开口) (9)If you can get them talking your problem is solved. (talking表交谈起来) 但如属动作短暂的非持续动词,一般只用不定式,如: (10)Can you get the car to start ? (不可用现在分词starting) 反之,强调进行状态时,则只用现在分词,如: (11)We'll get the party going with some music. (不用不定式to go) 最后,应该指出,“get+宾语+不定式或现在分词”结构多用于英国,美国则多用have代替get。 4 go a lot of places 是对还是错? 有读者问这样一句话: (1)My brother and I used to go a lot of places together. 不及物动词 go 后竟直接跟有宾语,这是对还是错? go 加宾语 place(s)的用法并没有错,不过它主要出现在美国英语中。再如: (2)What place are you going ? (3)We are going places tonight. 但请注意下面句子中的 place 虽也是 to go 的宾语,则是英语国家所通用说法: (4)There is no place to go . (go 后也可用 to) 5 关于用动词have的疑问句和否定句 有读者问: 以下句子: (1)I have a headache. (2)I haven't a headache. (3)Have you a headache? have在此作何解? 是否可以说: (4)You have a headache, haven't you? 另外,我还看到过这样的句子: (5)You often have headaches, don't you? 那don't you与haven't you有何差异? 英语里的动词have用途很广,含义较多。它在上述句子中用作实义动词,意谓“患”或“得”,与某种病名连用。从广义来讲,have在此表示一种经历或经验,下面两个句子中的have也都属于这一类: (6)Did you have a good time? (7)I had a strange adventure. 在否定和疑问句中,既可用haven't亦可用don't have, 既可说“Do you have...?”,也可说“Have you...?”,二者在意义上毫无区别,只是美国英语常在have上加用do或don't,而英国英语常可不加用do或don't。但当今,由于美国的影响越来越大,在have之上加用do或don't的英国人也日渐增多,尤其是英国的青年人,仿效美国之风愈来愈盛。 6 再谈动词have 有读者问: 我曾见过这种说法, 只有have当“拥有”讲时,才能将have提到主语前变为疑问句,或在have后加上not变为否定句,但你却举出了下面四个例句: (1)Have you two classes every day? (英国英语) (2)You haven't two classes every day? (英国英语) (3)Do you have two classes every day? (美国英语) (4)You don't have two classes every day? (美国英语) 并说have在此作experience解。这显然与我所见过的上述说法相矛盾,请释疑。 这里实际上涉及两个问题:一是have与class搭配时是否意谓experience? 一是并不意谓“拥有”的have可否像上述句(1)与句(2)那样运用?对第一个问题,我们的回答是肯定的。class和meeting, party等一样,都不能“拥有”,只能“经历”。对第二个问题,我们的答案也是肯定的。你所提到的那种“说法”一般说来是对的,但不可绝对化。例如感冒、头痛等病只可“经历”,不可“拥有”,但却可说: (5)Have you a cold? (6)I haven't a cold. 不过,话又说回来,当代英语正在趋向美国化。例如有一位具有权威性的英国学者最近说过:在英国,人们已不再说“Have you any money?” 而说“Do you have any money?”了。你看,意谓“拥有”的have用于疑问句时,英国人都借助助动词do,意谓“经历”的have无疑更须借助do了。这样,问题倒简单了,结论应该是:不管have意味着什么,它用于疑问句和否定句时,都应一律借助助动词do。 7 “使役动词have+宾语”之后可用带to的不定式吗? 有读者问到一本语法书举的这样一个例句: (1)I'd like to have you to go through my book. 这里用带to的不定式to go对吗? have用作使役动词(causative verb)时,其后既可接“宾语+不带to的不定式”,如: (2)Have the next patient come in now, please. (3)He wanted a job to do, so I had him paint the kitchen. 也可接“宾语+带to的不定式”,除上述例(1)外,再如: (4)Mr Rochester would have me to come in. (摘自英国名著Jane Eyre) (5)Each girl has to read her story out loud and then we talk it over. We are going to keep them all sacredly and have them to read to our descendants. (摘自加拿大名著Anne of Green Gables,注意to read在此有被动含义) 但在当代英语中,“have+宾语+不带to的不定式”结构似乎占了上风,如最近英国出版的《朗文英语语法》(Longman English Grammar )在16.10.1小节讲述这个项目时,就只提到“have+人称宾语+不带to的不定式”结构,而未提到“have+人称宾语+带to的不定式”结构。请注意不要将使役动词have与意谓“经历”或“经受”(experience)的动词have混淆起来,后者之后一般皆须接“宾语+不带to的不定式”,如: (6)Sometimes on a morning I have a dozen people call on me. 下面一句中的have亦意味着experience: (7)He'd be glad to have you stay . 有时“have+宾语+不带to的不定式”会有歧义,如: (8)He had his mother die . (had可指“遭受”,亦可指“使”) 8 关于“have+宾语+现在分词”结构 有读者问如何做这道选择题: (1)Don't worry. We'll have your son_________again. A. to walk B. walks C. walking D. can walk B和D都不合语法,故不可选。A在语法上不算错,但“have+宾语+不定式(多不带to)”多表“请”、“叫”、“吩咐”,故不甚合题意。C是对的,因为“have+宾语+现在分词”结构常用以表示一种预期的目标或结果,再如: (2)I'll have you speaking English in six months. (3)In five minutes he had us all laughing . 这种结构还可用于下面两类的句子中: (4)Don't shout! You'll have the neighbours complaining ! (表警告) (5)I won't have you speaking like that about my sister. (表不允许) 9 关于“have+名(代)词+过去分词” 有读者问这样一道题: (1)— Good morning. Can I help you? — I'd like to have this packaged_____, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 答案为什么是D? 和动词make一样,使役动词have之后可接“名(代)词+过去分词(用作宾语补语)”。所以“have + 名(代)词”之后既不可接“be+过去分词”,更不可接“to be+过去分词”。再如: (2)He had his hair cut . (3)I want to have a picture taken . 有时have不意谓“使”,而意谓“遭受,被”。如: (4)He had his wallet stolen . 有时have不表动作,而表状态,如: (5)He had no money left in his pocket. 10 “have+宾语+wait”与“have+宾语+waiting”之不同 有读者问这样一道完形填空题: I'll have the car_________at the gate. Will that be all right? 请问应填wait抑或waiting? 这里的动词have是“使”的意思,have the car之后可接wait, 也可接waiting, 但二者的含义不尽相同。如用wait, 则全句的意思是: 我将派车到大门口等;如用waiting,则全句的意思是:我将(叫人)把车留在大门口等着。总之,前者强调动作,后者强调延续状态。 11 have在此不是使役动词 有读者问到《实用英语语法》中的这样一个例句: (1)Have you anything to be taken to the city? 如何解释have anything to be taken? have是使役动词吗? 这里的have意为“有”,不是使役动词。to be taken是一被动不定式短语,用作定语,修饰其前的代词anything。全句的意思是“你有什么东西要我带到城里去吗?”请注意“have+名词+不定式(带to或不带to)”中的have有时意谓“有”,如: (2)I have nothing to say. (3)I had a lot of people call on me yesterday. 有时则意谓“使”,如: (4)I had everybody fill out the form. 12 这里的hear 是什么意思? 有读者问这样一句话: (1)“Now, Nathan Hale,” said the British officer, “Let's hear what you have to say before you die.” 这里的 hear 是什么意思?它能否被 listen to 所代替? hear 常表示无意识的活动,相当于“听见”、“听到”等。但它有时也可表示有意识的活动,意谓“倾听”或“听取”,有“有意要听”的含义。句中的 hear 即是一种有意识的活动,意谓“听取”。这种 hear 常用在由 let 引导的句子结构中。再如: (2)Let me hear you say it. (3)Let's hear his explanation. 此外,下面句子中的 hear 也都意谓“听取”或“倾听”: (4)I should like to hear what you have to say. (5)I will not hear of it. (6)None are so deaf as those who will not hear . (7)Hear me out. 另外请注意 hear 还常用于听讲话、报告、音乐表演等,如: (8)Did you hear Peter's talk yesterday? (9)I'm going to hear a concert this evening. 以上例句除例(8)外,一般皆常用 hear。例(8)的意思是“你昨天听彼得的讲话了吗?”如用 listen to 代替 hear, 则询问对方是否注意听或仔细听了没有。 13 动词 hope 可这样用吗? 有读者问到一份英语试题中的这样一道题: (1)My father_________me to become a doctor. A. thinks B. says C. hopes 命题人显然是要求选择 hopes, 不知你们的看法如何? 像下面这样的句子并非没有人说: (2)I hope them to succeed. (3)They hoped her to be selected for the post. 尤其是被动语态,似乎还用在正式英语中: (4)Payment is hoped to be made next week. (5)He is hoped to make a full recovery. 可是,我们能够就此认为它是值得我们学习的正确规范的英语吗?恐怕还不能。因为在这个问题上,一些著名的英语学者与英语词典一致认为动词 hope 之后不可接宾语加不定式。他们都建议将上述四个句子分别改为: (6)I hope they will succeed. (7)They hoped that she would be selected for the post. (8)It is hoped that payment will be made next week. (9)It is hoped that he will make a full recovery. 有些语法书还指出用 hope somebody (something)to do something 这一错误句型的原因在于:说话人(或写话人)将 hope 与 expect 两个动词的用法相混淆了。因此,将例(2)—(5)中的 hope 换成 expect,也是一种改正方法。不过这样一改, hope 的含义也有所改变了。另外请注意我们可以说: (10)I hope for you to see him again. 也可以说: (11)“Oh, Mary, you'd be excited, too, if you were going to meet a little girl you hoped to be your bosom friend and whose mother mightn't like you,” she said as she hastened to get her hat. (a little girl 之后省去whom, 而whom 则是 hoped 的宾语。由此可见, whom/which somebody hopes to do something 这一句型 却是正确的规范的英语。但注意在这种句型中,不定式似乎多用 to be 或 be become 等动词) 还可以说: (12)And from the paintings my eye strayed to the painter, as I assumed and hoped her to be. (这似乎是一种例外,可能是与 assumed 一词并列所致) 根据以上的讨论,我们觉得,“My father hopes me to become a doctor.” 虽不无人说,但还是改为“My father hopes (that)I'll become a doctor.”较为稳妥。 14 关于 join 的三种用法 有读者问这样一道选择题: (1)They asked to_________us in buying a gift for our teacher on his birthday. A. join to B. join C. join with D. join up 根据所学课文应选 B,但我们在某些英语词典中见到这样的说法: (2)He joined with me in the undertaking. (3)My brother joins with me in kind regards. (4)join in with sb.to take a risk 请问join sb.in sth., join with sb.in sth., join in with sb. 这三者有何区别? 上述三种说法都有“和某人一起参与”的意思。 join sb.in sth. (或 in doing sth.)与 join with sb. in sth. (或 in doing sth.)二者不仅意义相同,而且可以互换。例如在《牛津现代高级英语学习词典》中就有这样的例句: (5)Mother joins (with) me in sending you our best wishes. (介词 with 可有可无) 由此可见,上述选择题选 B 和选C 都不错。但美国英语则似乎多用join with sb. in sth. (或 in doing sth.),例如有的美国词典就指出这种 join 之后常接介词 with。又据英国牛津大学出版社出版的一本习语词典说, join with 多用以表示吊慰和同心同德,如: (6)We all join with Mr.and Mrs.Page in their sorrow. (7)We must join with the Party in its struggle for freedom. 关于 join in with,据上述习语词典说,它除用以表示“和某人一起参与”外(如上述例[4]),还可以表示“与某人共同负担费用”,如: (8)We joined in with another family to buy the boat and share it for our holidays. (9)We may have to join in with the other college in building the library. 15 keep doing something与keep on doing something的区别 有读者问: 有的书上说 keep doing something 与 keep on doing something 的意义和用法相同,只是前者的语气不及后者重,并说二者须表动态。有的书上则说这两个词组都表“继续”,但用法不同:keep on doing something 表动态,而 keep doing something 则既表动态亦表静态。这两种解释哪一种正确呢? 一般说来, keep doing something 和 keep on doing something 这两个词组, 不论在意义上或是在用法上,是没多大区别的。如有的英语词典往往把这两个词组放在同一例句中: (1)Why does she keep (on)giggling? 由此即可看出它们基本上是同义的。 但如细加揣摩,这两个词组似乎有下列几点差异: 1. keep on doing something 的语气要比 keep doing something 重一些,而且往往具有感情色彩。 2. keep on doing something 可能有中断, keep doing something 则一般无中断。 3. 有时 keep on doing something 给人一种历时较长的感觉,如: (2)He kept on writing for two hours. 关于动作的重复性,两者皆有, 这从例(1)可以明显地看出。再如: (3)My shoe lace keeps (on)coming undone. (4)Why does he keep (on)coughing? 关于这两个词组后接动态或静态动词的问题,我们觉得,它们一般多后接动态动词,但偶尔也都可后接静态动词,如: (5)He kept standing during the meeting. (6)Isn't it best to keep on hoping ? 最后,请注意:上述两个词组中的 keep 似应看作不及物动词, on 是副词, doing 是现在分词 (不是动名词)。 16 可将learn about看作一短语动词 有读者问这样一句话: A lot of research work has been carried out in recent years, but much still has to be learned about the land lying under the ice. learned about在这里应作为一个固定的短语动词去理解,还是应把about引导的短语作为一个定语修饰much? 可以将learn about看作一短语动词(参见Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs )。about在此意谓“关于”,learn about在此可译作“了解”。 17 这道题可填live by吗? 有读者问这样一道选择题: (1)All ants_________liquid food. A.live by B.live on C.feed on 答案是B,可我认为A似乎也行,不知对否? 最好填B,即live on,其意是keep oneself alive by eating (以……为食),或径直意谓eat。live on除可用于动物外,也可用于人。如: (2)He lives on fish and potatoes. (3)The southerners live largely on rice. 填C, 即feed on不妥,它一般用于动物。再如: (4)Cattle feed on grass. (5)The robin feeds on worms. live by与live on不同,它的意思是live by means of (以……为生计),表示一种生存的手段,其后不但可跟名词,而且可接动名词,如: (6)We all live by honest labour. (7)He lives by his pen. (8)He lives by writing. (9)She lives by teaching English. 由上述说明及例句可以看出,live by一般多用于人,较少用于动物。那么具体到例(1)这一道选择题,可不可以填live by呢? 我们认为最好不用lived by,因为food一词一般不用作手段。 18 关于“make+名(代)词+过去分词” 有读者问这样一道选择题: (1)The teacher spoke slowly and clearly to make herself _____. A. understood B. to be heard 答案为什么是A,为什么不是B? 可不可以填be understood? 让我们先谈第一个问题。这里应选A,因为使役动词make(使)之后可接“名(代)词+过去分词(用作宾语补语)”。to make oneself understood(将自己的意思说明白;使人能听懂)是一种常见的说法。也常说to make oneself heard(使人能听见),例如: (2)Jack was the first to make himself heard . 再如: (3)Too much wine makes man drunk . (4)His actions made him universally respected . 在“make+名(代)词+过去分词”结构中,过去分词之前既不可加to be(因为“make+名[代]词”后的不定式一般皆不带to),也没有必要加be。这样,第二个问题也随之而解决了。 19 应说married somebody 有一读者问: 在某出版社出版的《语法练习册》的“改一改”一栏里有这样一道题: (1)She has married with Tom. 答案是把with改成to。可我们老师说,marry可以直接接somebody,如用to则必须是be married to。我不知道谁是谁非,还是二者都对? 你的老师是对的。应该说: (2)She has married Tom. (married在此是主要动词,表动态) 或说: (3)She is married to Tom. (married在此是表语,表静态) 20 search 与 search for 的区别 有读者问这样一道选择题: He asked me what I was_________in the classroom. A. searching for B. searching C. searched for D. searched 我认为应选 B, 但答案是 A。请指教。 答案是对的。 searching (不及物动词)for 的意思是“搜寻”, searching (及物动词)的意思是 “搜查”(人身或地方)。这里全句的意思显然是:他问我在教室里寻找什么,所以不应选 B。 21 spend 之后可用不定式吗? 有读者问《学英语》某期第2版第4题(句型转换): (1)It took me two days to finish reading this book. →_____ _____two days to finish reading this book. 答案是 I spent。动词 spend 这样后接不定式对吗? 一般英语词典皆规定 spend 用作及物动词时,后须接宾语(多指时间或金钱),后加“介词 on+宾语”或加“(介词 in)+动名词+宾语”,如: (2)I spent a lot of money on books. (3)I spent a lot of money (in)buying books. 介词 in 可省去。也可以用介词 on 代替 in, 但似乎比较少见,如: (4)I spent a lot of money on buying books. 但似乎都没有举例说 spend 之后可接“宾语+不定式+宾语”结构。相反地,有的词书认为下面两个句子是错误的: (5)He spent too much time to play cards. (6)He spends his evenings to read fiction. 然而,在实际当代英语中, 我们确实看到这种“spend+宾语+不定式+宾语”结构在被使用,如: (7)Li ...spent 800 yuan to buy 20 kilograms of caffeine and sold it to others for 4,000 yuan. (8)The government will spend 30 million yuan to repair the rail line. 所以,在当代美语中,动词 spend 之后接不定式的用法,恐怕也不能算错。 22 关于speak one's mind 有读者问: (1)If a periodical can go so far as to put in print what a contributor thinks freely and speaks his mind... 这一句中的mind是什么成分? 这里的名词mind是动词speaks的宾语,speaks his mind在此意谓expresses his thoughts directly (直抒胸臆)。动词speak用作及物,并不限于speak English, speak French等。除 speak one's mind外,常见的说法还有speak a word, speak the truth, speak thoughts, speak a piece (朗读),speak one's heart, speak volumes for (something)等。及物动词speak有时可以用得很活,例如: (2)As she advanced she fancied she heard a voice speaking her name. (3)The place spoke history. (4)Every line and sag of their bodies spoke their inhuman exhaustion. 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 18 完全动词用法释疑 清单-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项
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