高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 15 it 的用法 清单-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 15 it的用法 1 这里应选用 it 有读者问如何做这道题： (1)I was disappointed with the film. I had expected_________to be much better. A. that B. this C. one D. it 应选D。如果第一句是 I was disappointed with this (that)film ，第二句应填什么呢？你会说，当然应填 it 。而 the film 在此其实也相当于 this film 或 that film ，只不过其语气不那么强而已。所以这道题应填 it，不是吗？ 那么填C对不对呢？不对。因为 one 虽可用作代词（或叫做支撑词），但总不失其“一个”的本义，只用以表同类，用在这里显然讲不通。但如用在下面两句中就对了： (2)I was disappointed with the film. It was such a poor one . (3)I was very disappointed with the film. It was the worst one that I have ever seen. 选A和B当然也不对，它们不能指代 the film ，正如不能指代 this film 或 that film 一样。 2 这里为何用 it? 有读者问： 初中英语课文中有下面的对话： (1)“Oh? Who was it?” Mr Black asked. “I must thank her.” “It was Jenny White.” 这里为什么用代词 it? 在语法上，我们管这里的 it叫做指示代词。它可以指代 this 和 that。但 it 也常指代人，你所引的例（1）即是一例。再如： (2)— Who is it ? （如对敲门人的问话） — It 's me. （敲门人的答话） 3 这个it不是形式主语 有一读者问到新编初中英语课本上的一句话： It's the wrong way to keep the balance of nature in that place. 它应怎样解释？句中it算不算形式主语？ 如将it看作形式主语，真实主语势必是不定式短语to keep...in that place， 但这样去理解显然不合逻辑。看来这不应是一个孤立的单句， it应指上文中所说的情况， 全句的意思应该是： 这种保持该地自然平衡（或生态平衡）的方法是错误的。 4 关于whose task it was to...中的it 有一读者问：有这样两道选择题： (1)They were the Boy Scouts_________to help elderly people cross the street. A. whose was the task B. to whom it was the task C. it was whose task D. whose task it was (2)Those were the soldiers_________to save the town. A. whose responsibility it was. B. in whom there was a responsibility C. whose was the responsibility D. from whom the responsibility came 上述句（1）的答案是D, 句（2）的答案是A。请问如何分析这里的it? 将它删去行不行？ 这里的it在语法上叫做引词或先行词。它本身无实义，只在句中起一种引导的作用。如引导的是主语，它就唤作形式主语；如引导的是宾语，它就唤作形式宾语。在上述两句中，它引导的都是用作主语的不定式短语（分别是to help elderly people cross the street和to save the town）。这样，it就是形式主语，不定式短语就是真实主语。整个从句的结构是：表语（分别为whose task 与whose responsibility）+形式主语（it)+连系动词(was)+真实主语（不定式短语）。如将从句变为独立句， 上述句（1）即可变为： (3)They were Boy Scouts. It was their task to help elderly people cross the street. 同样，上述句（2）即可变为： (4)Those were soldiers. It was their responsibility to save the town. 这样，你就可以更清楚地看到各个词语在句中所起的作用了。那么，可不可以将上述句（3）与句（4）中的it删去不用呢？ 答案是肯定的。理由很简单，因为上述句（3）与句（4）也可变为： (5)They were Boy Scouts. Their task was to help elderly people. (6)Those were soldiers. Their responsibility was to save the town. 不过请注意，whose task was to help elderly people cross the street 与whose responsibility was to save the town的结构则变为：主语（whose task 与whose responsibility)+连系动词(was)+表语（不定式短语）。 5 这里的it是引词 有读者问如何分析下面句中的it： (1)What's it like being a father? it是引词，指代动名词短语being a father。此句不用it也可以，变为： (2)What's being a father like? 6 “It takes+名（代）词+时间词+不定式”是一常用句型 有一读者问： 有这样一道改错题： (1)Mercury's velocity is so greater than the that it completes more than four revolutions around the sun in the time takes the Earth to complete . 答案是C错，为什么？ “It takes（需要）...to...”是一常用句型，所以这里不可用that，应用it。这种句型中的takes之后常接“名词+时间词”，上述句中的“the time it takes the Earth to complete one”即是如此。再如： (2)It took her three hours to mend her bicycle. (3)It took us all day to drive home. (4)How long will it take the letter to reach London? 这种句型还有不少别的用法，如： (5)It only takes ten minutes to get there. (6)It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。 (7)It takes stamina to run a marathon. (8)It would take a strong man to lift that weight. 7 强调结构可用which， where, when 吗？ 有一读者问： 在强调结构中，用which, when, where来代替that行吗？如： (1)It is the verb to do which is often found in the active voice. (2)It was in front of this altar of heaven where the emperor performed the three kneelings and nine prostrations before the altars of his ancestors. (3)It was in 1949 when the People's Republic of China was established. 在英语强调结构“It is （was)+名（代）词+that”中，如果that之前的名词指物或抽象概念——正如其指人时可用who代替that一样——亦可用which代替that，所以上述句（1）并没有错。再如： (4)It is the moon which we see there. (5)It is his strong will which enabled him to work tirelessly. 至于例（2）与例（3）中的where与when则是英美人所常犯的错误，严格说来，都应改为that。 8 如何强调疑问代词？ 有一读者问强调句中可否强调疑问代词？如下句中的who： (1)It was who that you saw just now. 这种强调句应将要强调的疑问词置于句首，上述句子应改作： (2)Who was it that you saw just now? 9 有关分裂句的问题 有一读者问： 以下4个分裂句哪些正确？哪些不正确？ who可否被that取代？ (1)It's I who am a teacher. (2)It's me who am a teacher. (3)It's I who is a teacher. (4)It's me who is a teacher. 上述句（1）是当代规范英语；句（2）为非正式英语；句（3）与句（4）虽不错，但在当代英语中较为罕见。who可以被that所取代，但that似乎还不及who普遍，如： (5)It's John that wore his best suit to the dance last night. 分裂句在传统语法中唤作“强调结构”。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $