Unit 4 课文及课文翻译 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语Unit 4教学资料围绕地理科学主题，涵盖自然奇观（珠峰、撒哈拉沙漠等）、科学探索（深海研究、珠峰测量）、文化内涵（中国登山史）三大知识范畴，搭建从Section A情境对话到Section B记叙文再到Reading Plus说明文的递进式语言学习支架。 资料以“双语对照+精准数据”构建知识体系，如标注珠峰高度8848.86米、撒哈拉面积900万平方公里，培养语言能力与思维品质。特色设计含Section A快速问答训练听说反应，Section B“以肩为梯”细节渗透文化意识，教师可借情境对话设计角色扮演，学生能自主梳理数据对比表，高效辅助教学与自主学习。

人教2026年春季八下Unit 4课文及课文翻译 Section A Section A, 1b and 1c Host: Welcome to our game show! Today, it’s all about geography. Answer as quickly as you can! Question one: What is the highest mountain in the world? Fu Xing: It’s Mount Qomolangma! Host: Correct! How high is it? Liu Hongyu: I know this—it’s 8,848.43 metres high. Host: No, sorry. Fu Xing? Fu Xing: Is it 8,848.86 metres? Host: Yes! But some scientists say Qomolangma is still growing taller! Now, name the biggest desert in the world. Fu Xing: The Taklimakan Desert? Host: Wrong! Ella? Ella: It’s the Sahara Desert. Host: Right! Now, how big is it? Ella: It’s about 9,000,000 square kilometres. Host: That’s right! What’s the lowest place on earth? Liu Hongyu: It’s the Dead Sea! Host: Well done! Its surface is 416 metres below sea level. Now where’s the deepest point in the ocean? Fu Xing: It’s in the Mariana Trench. Host: That’s correct! How deep is it? Fu Xing: It’s about 11,000 metres deep. Host: Correct! 主持人：欢迎来到我们的知识竞赛！今天全是地理题。请尽快作答！第一题：世界最高峰是什么？ Fu Xing：珠穆朗玛峰！ 主持人：正确！它有多高？ Liu Hongyu：我知道——高8848.43米。 主持人：抱歉，不对。Fu Xing？ Fu Xing：是8848.86米吗？ 主持人：是的！不过有科学家说珠峰还在继续长高哦！现在请说出世界最大的沙漠。 Fu Xing：塔克拉玛干沙漠？ 主持人：错误！Ella？ Ella：撒哈拉沙漠。 主持人：正确！那么它有多大？ Ella：大约900万平方公里。 主持人：答对了！地球的最低点是哪里？ Liu Hongyu：死海！ 主持人：很棒！它的水面低于海平面416米。现在请回答：海洋最深处在哪里？ Fu Xing：马里亚纳海沟。 主持人：正确！深度是多少？ Fu Xing：大约11000米深。 主持人：回答正确！ Section A, 2b and 2c Ms Gao: Thank you for the wonderful talk, Mr Jones. Now, does anyone have any questions? Emma: I do! Why are so many countries researching the deep sea? Mr Jones: Well, curiosity is one reason. We don’t know enough about the ocean floor. Fu Xing: I remember that in 2020, China’s Fendouzhe dived deeper into the Mariana Trench than many other vessels in the world and filmed it. But I didn’t see any deep-sea animals. What are they like? Mr Jones: Well, many deep-sea animals are large and unusual. Some animals are blind, but they can “see” as well as others. Some even create their own light! Peter: Cool! Are there any other surprising facts about the deep sea? Mr Jones: Did you know that there’s rubbish even at 11,000 metres deep? That shocked many people. Ms Gao: That’s terrible! We should do something about it. Mr Jones: You’re right! Ms Gao：谢谢您的精彩讲座，Jones先生。现在大家有什么问题吗？ Emma：我有问题！为什么这么多国家要研究深海？ Mr Jones：嗯，好奇心是原因之一。我们对海底的了解还远远不够。 Fu Xing：我记得2020年，中国的"奋斗者号"潜入马里亚纳海沟的深度超过了世界上许多其他潜水器，还拍摄了影像。但我没看到深海动物。它们是什么样子的？ Mr Jones：很多深海动物体型庞大且形态奇特。有些动物虽然失明，但"看"东西的能力不亚于其他生物。有些甚至能自己发光！ Peter：太酷了！关于深海还有什么令人惊讶的事实吗？ Mr Jones：你们知道吗？即使在11000米深的海底也有垃圾，这震惊了很多人。 Ms Gao：这太糟糕了！我们应该为此做些什么。 Mr Jones：说得对！ Section B Reaching New Heights 　　To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world. On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able to touch the sky. But only the best climbers reach the top, and that is only if they survive the terrible conditions first. On the mountain, temperatures can fall to –30 degrees. Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather. 　　Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the northern side. Mountain climbers even called that way the “Death Road”, but a Chinese climbing team was determined to make the climb. 　　On 24 May 1960, climbers Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gong Bu arrived at the Second Step. It was 8,600 metres above sea level. People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it. Liu allowed his teammates to step on his shoulders. Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step. At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world’s highest mountain for the first time. 　　In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research. This time, they brought a ladder to the Second Step. Until 2007, almost all climbers from the northern side used this “Chinese Ladder” to reach the top much faster. In 2020, a third team returned to Qomolangma to measure its height—8,848.86 metres. 　　Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. Some climbers reach the top successfully, but many fail. Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped. Or, as the English explorer George Mallory put it, it is simply “because it’s there”! 迈向新高度 　　对大多数人而言，珠穆朗玛峰是世间最伟大的奇迹之一。站在地球最高处，你会感觉仿佛触手可及苍穹。然而唯有最顶尖的攀登者才能登顶——前提是他们能先在那极端恶劣的环境中存活下来。山间气温可降至零下30度，攀登者还需应对稀薄的空气、陡峭的崖壁和变幻莫测的天气。 　　1960年之前，从未有人能从北坡成功登顶珠峰。登山者甚至将这条路线称为“死亡之路”，但一支中国登山队决心挑战这条天堑。 　　1960年5月24日，刘连满、王富洲、屈银华和贡布四名登山队员抵达海拔8600米的“第二台阶”。人们曾传说此处“飞鸟难越”。刘连满以肩为梯支撑队友，登山者们一寸寸向上攀援，最终突破了这道天险。5月25日凌晨4时20分，五星红旗首次在世界之巅飘扬。 　　1975年，又一支中国登山队为科研任务再登珠峰。这次他们为“第二台阶”带去了金属梯架。直到2007年，几乎所有北坡登山者都借助这座“中国梯”更高效地完成冲顶。2020年，第三支中国测量队重返珠峰，精确测得其身高为8848.86米。 　　攀登珠峰危机四伏。有人成功登顶，更多人折戟沉沙。为何世人仍愿以生命为赌注挑战世界最高峰？只因人类的好奇心与探索永无止境。正如英国探险家乔治·马洛里所言：“因为山就在那里！” Reading Plus The Sahara Desert 　　Located in Africa, the Sahara Desert spreads across 30 per cent of the continent. This vast desert, also known as “the great desert” in Arabic, is about 9 million square kilometres in size. It is also at least 4.6 million years old. This means that it is one of the oldest places in the world. 　　All deserts are dry, and the Sahara is both dry and hot. It is the largest hot desert in the world. We may think that all deserts are hot, but in fact some deserts are very cold! Many scientists believe that Antarctica, for example, is a type of cold desert. 　　Most of the Sahara is rocky ground. But there are also places with grass, lakes, mountains, and even sand seas. A sand sea is just what it sounds like—it looks like a sea of sand! When the wind blows, the sand looks like waves. 　　Life in the Sahara is difficult. About two million people live in the Sahara. They usually move from place to place. There is water in a few parts of the Sahara, and some people live in these places all year round. 　　Not many animals can live in a place with such a dry and hot climate. They must adapt to survive. Camels, for example, go for a long time without drinking water. When they do find water, they can drink more than 100 litres of it in 13 minutes! Fennec foxes live in the desert too. They have large ears to help their bodies stay cool. 　　Today, the world’s largest hot desert is getting even bigger. It is now about 10 per cent larger than what it was about a century ago. But why is it growing? Some scientists believe that part of the reason is climate change. As temperatures rise, summers in Africa grow hotter and less rain falls. Water bodies get smaller and the ground gets drier and drier. If we do not take effective measures to stop climate change, the desert will keep growing! 撒哈拉沙漠 　　撒哈拉沙漠位于非洲，覆盖了该大陆30%的面积。这片广袤的荒漠在阿拉伯语中被称为"大沙漠"，面积约900万平方公里，至少已有460万年的历史，是世界上最古老的地域之一。 　　所有沙漠都很干燥，而撒哈拉既干燥又炎热。它是全球最大的热沙漠。我们可能以为所有沙漠都很热，但实际上有些沙漠非常寒冷！例如，许多科学家认为南极洲就属于寒冷型沙漠。 　　撒哈拉大部分地区是岩质地面，但也有草原、湖泊、山脉甚至沙海分布。沙海正如其名——看起来就像一片沙的海洋！风吹过时，沙丘如波浪般起伏。 　　撒哈拉的生活很艰难。约有两百万人居住于此，他们通常过着游牧生活。沙漠少数区域有水源，部分人常年定居在这些地方。 　　很少有动物能在如此干旱炎热的环境中生存，它们必须适应环境才能存活。例如骆驼可以长时间不饮水，一旦找到水源，13分钟内就能喝下超过100升水！耳廓狐也生活在这里，它们用大耳朵帮助身体散热。 　　如今，这片世界最大的热沙漠仍在持续扩张，面积比一个世纪前增大约10%。扩张原因何在？科学家认为部分归因于气候变化。随着气温上升，非洲夏季更炎热，降水更少。水域逐渐缩小，土地日益干旱。若不采取有效措施应对气候变化，沙漠将会继续蔓延！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $