Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单词讲解课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语课件围绕“科学与科学家”主题展开词汇教学，涵盖核心词汇的音形义、派生词、近义词及搭配，通过科学情境（如霍乱、新冠防范）导入，以词汇关联（如infect的名词infection）和对比（如severe与serious）构建从基础到应用的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过多样化练习（读后续写情绪描写、应用文写作）提升词汇应用能力，借助派生词归纳（如frustrate→frustration）和近义词辨析发展逻辑思维。学生能系统积累词汇并学会情境运用，教师可直接利用结构化资源提高教学效率。

Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Vocabulary Learning cholera 1.King cholera 霍乱王 2.have/get cholera 感染霍乱 cholera /ˈkɒlərə/ n. 霍乱 severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 3.severe punishment 4.severe injuries 5.a severe winter 6. criticize severely 1.severely adv. 极为恶劣地；十分严重地；严厉地 2.近义词：serious [ˈsɪərɪəs] adj. 严重的; 严肃的; 认真的 strict [strɪkt] adj. 严格的; 严厉的 diarrahoea /ˌdaɪəˈriːə/ 腹泻 dehydration /ˌdiːhaɪˈdreɪʃ(ə)n/ 脱水 This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. have/get diarrhoea 腹泻; 拉肚子 frustrated [frʌ'streɪtɪd] adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 5. be/feel frustrated at/with... 对……感到懊恼/沮丧 They felt frustrated at the lack of progress. 没有进展，他们感到懊丧。 1.frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的 2.frustrate vt. 使不成功；挫败；阻止 3.frustration n. 沮丧 4.近义词：upset adj. 不高兴的; 失望的; 不安的;沮丧的 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)It's ____________(frustrate) to plan an outdoor activity, but have it canceled due to unexpected bad weather. (2)If you let ____________(frustrate) control your actions, you might make decisions you'll later regret. (3)我对自己在比赛中的糟糕表现感到沮丧，我的眼睛里涌出懊恼的泪水。 _____________________________________________in the contest and tears of regret welled up in my eyes.[读后续写之情绪描写] frustrating frustration I was/felt frustrated at/with my poor performance once and for all 最终地；彻底地 1.近义词： 彻底地 adv.completely entirely absolutely totally thoroughly 最终地 adv eventually finally ultimately contradictory [ˌkɒntrə'dɪktəri] adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的; 不一致的 3.be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反 4.two contradictory theories 1.contradiction n.矛盾；反驳；不一致 2.contradict v.反驳；与.....发生矛盾 infect /ɪnˈfekt/ vt.使感染;传染 9 infection n. 感染；传染 have/get an infection infectious adj. 传染性的,有感染力的 infected adj.被感染的，感染病菌的 ①infect sb. with sth. 使某人感染上.../把...传染给某人 ②sb. be infected with sth. 某人感染/传染上…… Go away, I don't want to infect you with my cold. The official says that few people are infected with the virus thanks to the effective prevention. 单句语法填空/完成句子 ① We shouldn’t look down upon people (infect) with HIV. ② Exactly which bacteria cause the (infect) is still unknown. ③ Every year, there are people unlucky enough to be infected the flu. ④ This new (infect) disease has caused many deaths all over the world. infected infection with infectious subscribe [səb'skraɪb] v.认购(股份); 定期订购; 定期缴纳(会费) 3.subscribe to...: ①定期订购；订阅 ②捐款; He subscribes regularly to Amnesty International.他定期向大赦国际捐款。 ③赞同； = approve of = agree with 1.subscription n. 订阅费，订阅，订购 2. subscriber 订阅人；订购者；定期捐款者 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)He subscribed ___ the contract after carefully recalling all the terms and conditions. (2)She enjoys reading magazines and has several ______________(subscribe) to her favorite publications. (3)许多人都认同这样一个事实：长白山是众多珍稀动植物的家园。 Many people _____________________ that Changbaishan is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals ．[应用文写作之景点介绍] to subscriptions subscribe to the fact proof [pruːf] n.证据; 证明; 检验 (复数 proofs) 3.--proof 作为后缀 防...的；抗...的 rainproof adj.防雨的； windproof adj.防风的 waterproof adj.防水的 1.prove v. 证明；检验 2.evidence [ˈevɪdəns] n. 证据 (不可数名词) multiple ['mʌltɪpl] adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的 3. 1.multiply v. 乘；增加；繁殖 2.近义词various adj. 不同的; 各种各样的 different adj. 不同的 diverse adj. 不同的; 多种多样的 all kinds of ... 各种各样 multimedia water pump 水泵 pump [pʌmp] n. 泵; 抽水机; 打气筒 suspect [sə'spekt] v.怀疑; 疑有; 不信任; 认为 n. 犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象 4.suspect sb. of (doing) ...怀疑某人(做过)…… The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths.人们怀疑这种药物造成200多人死亡。 5.suspect sb to be/as... 怀疑某人是…… The police suspect him to be the mastermind behind the robbery.警方怀疑他是这起抢劫案的主谋。 1.suspicious adj. 可疑的 2. suspicion n. 怀疑 3.近义词doubt [daʊt] v. 怀疑; 不信任 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)__________(suspect) of violating traffic rules, he was questioned by the police. (2)We suspected this man ______(be) a key player in the organization, but we didn't have enough proof. Suspected to be (3)老板怀疑他从公司拿了错的文件。 →The boss ________________ taking the wrong document away from the company ． suspected him of blame [bleɪm] n. 责备; 指责 v. 把…归咎于...; 责怪; 指责 1.blame sb for (doing) sth 因...责备某人 She doesn't blame anyone for her father's death. 她没把她父亲的死归罪于任何人。 2. blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。 3. be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任 Which driver was to blame for the accident?哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？ 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)In my opinion, Li Hua, who broke the school rules, was _________(blame). (2)教练把比赛的失利归咎于队员们，批评他们在比赛中缺乏努力。 →The coach ____________________________， criticizing their lack of effort during the game.(blame v．) to blame blamed the players for the loss →The coach _____________________________， criticizing their lack of effort during the game.(blame v．) blamed the loss on the players handle ['hændl] n.  把手;柄 v. 处理; 搬动; 操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) the handle of the pump /door handle the crisis /machine 处理危机 /操纵机器 tackle [ˈtækl] vt. 解决(难题); 应付(局面); 处理 solve [sɒlv] v. 解决; 处理 deal with 处理; 解决 intervention [ˌɪntə'venʃn] n.介入; 出面; 干涉 intervene [ˌɪntəˈviːn] v. 介入;干预 intervene in 干预；插手 link [lɪŋk] n. 联系; 纽带; 链接 v. 把...连接起来; 相关联 1.link A to/with B 把A和B连接起来 2.be linked to/with... 与……有联系/有关 The video cameras are linked to a powerful computer.这些摄像机是与一台功能强大的计算机相连接的。 be related to/ be connected with/ be associated with/ be relevant to 3. There is a link between...and...　……与……之间有联系 Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders.警方怀疑那两桩凶杀案可能有关联。 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)(译林选必二U3)Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture points(穴位） have been identified, each _______(link) to a different part of the body. (2)Scientists have linked increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ________ global warming. linked to/with raw [rɔː] adj. 未煮的; 生的; 未经处理的; 原始的 a raw hand 新手 pure [pjʊə(r)] adj.干净的; 纯的; 纯粹的 a bottle of pure water 一瓶纯净水 purely adv. purify v. 净化；提纯 decrease [dɪ'kriːs] v. 减少; 减小; 降低 ['diːkriːs] n. 减少; 降低: 减少量 2.on the decrease 在减少 With more people choosing public transport, the use of private cars during rush hour is on the decrease.随着更多人选择公共交通，高峰时段私家车的使用量正在减少。 3.decrease by... 减少了…… 4.decrease to... 减少到…… 5.decrease from ... to ... 从......减少到...... 1.increase 增加 【单句语法填空/词汇升级】 (1)After the new policy was implemented, traffic accidents in the city decreased ___ nearly 35%. (2)The temperature is expected to decrease ___ below freezing by tomorrow morning. (3)The number of smokers in the country is decreasing as more people become health-conscious. →The number of smokers in the country is ________________ as more people become health-conscious. by to on the decrease thanks to+n./ving/人称代词宾格 幸亏; 由于 e.g. Thanks to your help, we succeeded． “由于；因为” because of on account of as a result of owing to due to owing to 作表语：The accident was owing to careless driving.（那次意外事故的发生起因于驾驶疏忽。） due to 作表语：The crash was due to pilot error.（飞机失事是由驾驶员的失误造成的。） 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)She was unable to attend the party ___ account of her busy schedule. (2)She was promoted ___ a result of her outstanding performance during the project. (3)Thanks ___ the heavy rain, the match was postponed, and we had to wait another week.　 (4)我坚信你杰出的成就是因为你的勤奋工作和不懈努力。 I hold the strong belief that your outstanding success is ____________________________________________________． on as to due to/owing to your hard work and tireless efforts transform [træns'fɔːm] v. 使改观, 使变形, 使转化 2.transform A into B 把A转换成B Your metabolic rate is the speed at which your body transforms food into energy. 你的新陈代谢率就是你身体将食物转换成能量的速度。 1.transformation  n. 改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数) 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _______________(transform). (2)通过辛勤工作和奉献，她得以将自己的梦想变为现实。 Through hard work and dedication, ___________________________ ______________________． transformation she was able to transform her dream into reality thinking ['θɪŋkɪŋ] n. 思想; 思维; 见解 without thinking 不假思索 think v.认为; 思考 think -- thought -- thought thought n. 想法 solid ['sɒlɪd] adj.可靠的,固体的,坚实的 n. 固体 solid evidence确凿证据 a solid foundation 坚实的基础 solid fuel/food固体燃料/食物 a solid ball 实心球 liquid : adj.液体的, 液态的 n.液体 gas 气体 cast [kɑːst] v.投掷;投射(光/影子);向……投以(视线/笑容) cast a glimpse of 一瞥 (glance at) cast/run one’s eyes over sth. 用眼光瞥(或扫)；匆匆查看；粗略地看一看 cast/shed/throw light on sth. 阐明；解释；使明白 be cast down (by sth.) (因某事)沮丧，不愉快 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1) 当她走过商店橱窗时，她看了一眼正在展示的新品系列。 As she walked past the store window, she ________________________the new collection on display. (2)听到朋友生病的消息后，她感到非常沮丧，难以集中精力工作。 Hearing the news of her friend's illness, she ______________ and found it hard to focus on work. cast a glimpse of/glanced at was cast down pour [pɔː(r)] v.倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料) pour out 倒出；倾吐/诉说(思想/感情/经历) pour down 流下；(雨)倾盆而下； rain/pour cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨 pour into/in 涌进 流泪： tears pour/ roll/run/ stream/ flow down one’s cheeks patriotic [ˌpeɪtri'ɒtɪk] adj. 爱国的 a great patriotic poet 爱国诗人 patriotic youth爱国青年 patriotism n. 爱国主义；爱国精神 patriot n.爱国者 break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 break down出故障;失败;垮掉;分解 break in破门而入;打断(谈话等) break into强行闯入;突然……起来 break away from脱离;挣脱 break up打碎;分裂;解体 break through突破 break out, happen, occur, take place 等动词(短词)表示“发生”，是不及物动词用法，不用于被动语态。 break-broke-broken defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解 in defence of 为了保卫；为……辩护 soldiers who died in defence of their country 为保卫祖国而献身的战士 defend...from/against 保护……以免受；防御 All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks. 我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。 Parents should defend their children from danger in daily life. 父母应在日常生活中保护孩子免受危险。 defence/defense n. 防御；保卫 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)He plans to learn kung fu in the summer holidays so that he can defend himself _____________ being attacked. (2)看到那条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。 →Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed __________________ like an arrow.(defend vt.) →Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed ______________________ like an arrow.(defence n．) from/against to defend his son in defence of his son assistant [ə'sɪstənt] n. 助理; 助手 3.assist/help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 4.assist sb in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 5. with the assistance/help of sb 在某人的帮助下 1.assist v.援助；帮助 2.assistance n.帮助 charge n/v. 收费；指控；指责；掌管; 充电 take charge of 掌管/负责……（表主动） He took charge of the farm after his father's death. 他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。 in charge of 主管；掌管；负责 （表主动） He was in charge of the farm after his father's death. in the charge of 受……的管理；由……负责（表被动） The farm was in the charge of him after his father’s death. free of charge＝for free 免费 Delivery is free of charge. 免费送货。 charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用 The restaurant charged ￡20 for dinner.这家餐馆收了20英镑的餐费。 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事 He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。 【语段填空/一句多译】 我将负责这次英语演讲比赛，这使我倍感荣幸。 →__________________________________________________________, which makes me greatly honoured. →_____________________________________________________, which makes me greatly honoured. I will be in charge of/take charge of the English speech competition The English speech competition will be in the charge of me leadership [ˈliːdəʃɪp] n.领导地位；领导才能 under sb.’s leadership = under the leadership of sb. 在某人的领导下 lead a ...life 过着...生活 lead the way 带路 lead to 导致；造成；通向 membership会员身份、friendship友谊、hardship困苦 championship n. 锦标赛；冠军 ownership n. 所有权，物主身份 scholarship 奖学金 leader n.领袖；领导者 lead v.带路；领导/带领 n. 铅 leading adj. 领导的；主要的 trace [treɪs] v.追溯; 追踪; 查出 n. 痕迹; 遗迹; 踪迹 3.trace sth (back) to... 追溯什么到... 4.date back to/from... 始于; 追溯到 1.tracer n. 跟踪者；追踪器 2.track[træk] n.足迹; 踪迹; 轨道 outstanding [aʊt'stændɪŋ] adj.优秀的; 杰出的; 明显的 杰出的 splendid/remarkable/exceptional/splendid/superb/brilliant outstanding performance/achievement an outstanding figure 杰出人才 明显的=apparent / evident / distinct / clear stand out 突出；站出来；杰出 gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 be gifted with sth.=be born with具有(令人愉快的东西) She is gifted with a warm smile that can easily make people feel at ease. be gifted in doing sth 做某事有天赋 The little boy is gifted in playing the piano. have a gift/talent for 有……的天赋 He has a gift for languages and can speak four foreign languages fluently. 近义词：talented 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)We were impressed by the performance of the _______(gift) dancers who showed their skills at the festival. (2)观众送给那个有音乐天赋的年轻女孩一些精美的礼物。 →The young girl _______________________ was presented with some wonderful gifts by the audience.(gifted adj.) →The young girl _________________________ was presented with some wonderful gifts by the audience.(gift n．) gifted who is gifted in music who has a gift for music come down with 患(病)；染上(小病) come up with 提及；讨论；想出 come about 发生（无被动形式） come to 总共，合计；苏醒 come across （偶然）遇见，碰见；被理解 when it comes to (doing)... 当谈到… come out (太阳等天体)出现；开花；出版，发行；为人所知 come into being 形成，产生 abstract adj.抽象的；理性 n．(文献等的)摘要 (反义词：concrete具体的)　 abstract idea/concept 抽象思想/概念 concrete evidence/proposals/proof 确凿的证据/具体的建议/具体的证明 steady['stedi] adj. 稳定的; 平稳的; 稳步的 4. steady income 稳定的收入 5. keep/remain steady 保持稳定 1.steadily adv. 稳定地; 坚定地; 坚固地 2.stable  adj.安定的; 平静的; 稳定的; 沉着的 3.stably adv. 平稳地；坚固地；安定地 above all 最重要的是；尤其是 after all　　　　　　 毕竟；终究 all in all 整体说来；总而言之 first of all 第一；首先 at all 根本；究竟 not at all 一点也（不）；完全（不） I didn't enjoy it at all. 我一点也不喜欢。 fault [fɔːlt] n.[U]责任；过失；过错 [C] 缺点；缺陷；故障 be one’s fault 是某人的过错 be at fault 有过错；有责任 find fault with 挑剔，挑……的毛病 It's one's fault for (doing) sth. (做)某事是某人的过失。 It's one's fault that... ……是某人的过失 faultless adj 无错误的；完美无缺的 (perfect) faulty adj 有错误的；有缺陷的=imperfect 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)The machine stopped working after a few hours because of a _______(faul) part that needed replacement. (2)She realized that she might be ___ fault for the misunderstanding between her and her colleague. faulty at (3)她是一个如此刻薄的女人，总是挑剔他人的毛病，这真的让我们很恼火。 Such a mean woman is she that _________________________________, which really gets us annoyed.[读后续写之人物描写] she is always finding fault with others Thank You! Lavf59.14.100 $