Unit 1 Section 1 Reading and Thinking（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版）

[对应知能达标训练P1] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Some villagers do not have a well and pump(泵)，so they have to fetch water from miles far away. 2．We import raw(未处理的) materials and energy and export mainly industrial products. 3．It is necessary to take action to prevent the spread of harmful germs(细菌) effectively. 4．(2025·北京卷)The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received but to the pure (单纯的) joy of learning. 5．The destruction of the earthquake was so severe (十分严重的) that it might take years to rebuild the city. 6．I didn't know how to handle (处理) the situation，but an idea suddenly struck me that I could turn to my best friend for help. 7．(2025·全国二卷)Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease (下降) in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces. 8．What was it that made her transform (改变) from an ordinary woman into a successful lady? Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．With population growth decreasing (decrease) every year，the government has decided to take some measures. 2．I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected(suspect) of stealing his money. 3．Chinese herbs come from materials that are purely (pure) natural，which have small side effects. 4．As far as I am concerned，you are to blame(blame) for the severe mistake. 5．This is one proof that environmental factors have a much higher effect than we thought. 6．It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing that I had a chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall. 7．Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day，so she subscribed to the 21st Century. 8. (2025·全国二卷)Through this interaction，I realized that by embracing my cultural identity，I was not only preserving my heritage but also enriching(enrich) the lives of those around me. Ⅲ.完成句子/句型转换 1．Thanks to his timely and generous help，I could attend (to) my mother so well． 多亏他及时地慷慨相助，我才能很好地照顾我的妈妈。 2．She lowered her head feeling ashamed of the way that/in which she behaved at the party. 她低下头，为自己在晚会上的行为羞愧不已。 3．The past 30 years have seen the great changes that have taken place in my hometown. 在过去的30年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 4．Jane didn't let out a cry of regret until she got lost in the forest. (读后续写之后悔心理描写) →Not until she got lost in the forest did Jane let out a cry of regret.(倒装句) →It was not until she got lost in the forest that Jane let out a cry of regret.(强调句) Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Cholera was one of the most feared 1.diseases (disease) in the past. In the early 19th century，when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe，millions of people died from the disease. John Snow，2.a famous doctor，was determined 3.to destroy (destroy) cholera once and for all. There were two theories about cholera at that time. One was 4.that bad air caused the disease and the other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed 5.to the second theory. He began to investigate，6.marking (mark) on a map the exact places where all those who died 7.had lived (live).As a result，he found multiple deaths in one place while there were no deaths in another place.8.Eventually (eventual)，he found the evidence for the second theory. He succeeded in 9.stopping (stop) the disease spreading. Snow transformed the way of studying diseases，and therefore he 10.is considered (consider) the father of modern epidemiology. Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A (2025·海南海口期中)In 1957 a group of physicists gathered in a lecture hall to be addressed by a Chinese American woman.As she told the crowd about her recent experiment and its results，the response was dead silence for two minutes，then a thunderous applause continued for ten minutes.The woman was Chien-Shiung Wu，known as the First Lady of Physics，who transformed nuclear science through her work on the Manhattan Project and other groundbreaking experiments. Born in 1912，Wu was unlike many Chinese women of her time，and received a formal education.Fascinated by new discoveries and the story of women scientists like Marie Curie，she entered National Central University to study physics and then began her scientific studies. It was a time of rapid change in both the field of physics and China.Domestic unrest and a bad relationship with Japan made life at home uneasy.With the help of an uncle，she immigrated to the United States for graduate school. Wu planned to go to the University of Michigan，but a tour of the University of California，Berkeley — and word that a student center at Michigan did not allow female students to enter through the front door — changed her mind.At Berkeley Wu was visible for her gender and race，her male colleagues commenting as much on her appearance as her keen mind.She quickly gained a reputation and became an expert in the newly discovered phenomenon of nuclear fission (核裂变). After graduation，she headed to Smith College to teach women physics.During World War Two Wu went to Princeton University，where she became the physics department's first female instructor.But shortly after her arrival，her career took an unexpected turn in 1944.She ended up joining the staff at Columbia University on a top-secret research program now known as the Manhattan Project. 1．Which word best describes the lecture in paragraph 1? A．Boring. B．Humorous. C．Excellent. D．Common. 2．What inspired Wu to study physics? A．The formal education she received. B．The success of women scientists. C．The background of her family. D．The rapid change in the field of physics. 3．What happened to Wu in America? A．She was looked down on at Berkeley. B．She went to the University of Michigan at first. C.She taught women physics at Princeton University. D．She joined a top-secret research program at Columbia University. 4．Which of the following best describes Wu as a scientist? A．Modest and independent. B．Creative and warm-hearted. C．Responsible and cautious. D．Committed and ambitious. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了“物理界第一夫人”吴健雄的生平，讲述了她的求学经历，科研之路以及对核科学的贡献。 1．解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段中“As she told the crowd about her recent experiment and its results，the response was dead silence for two minutes，then a thunderous applause continued for ten minutes.”可知，当她向听众介绍她的实验和结果后，现场先是沉默了两分钟，随后是长达十分钟的雷鸣般掌声，由此可推知，她的演讲很精彩。故选C。 2．解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fascinated by new discoveries and the story of women scientists like Marie Curie，she entered National Central University to study physics and then began her scientific studies.”可知，吴健雄被新发现和像玛丽·居里这样的女科学家的故事所吸引，所以选择学习物理。故选B。 3．解析　D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But shortly after her arrival，her career took an unexpected turn in 1944.She ended up joining the staff at Columbia University on a top-secret research program now known as the Manhattan Project.”可知，吴健雄到美国后，加入了哥伦比亚大学的一个绝密研究项目，该项目现在被称为曼哈顿计划。故选D。 4．解析　D　推理判断题。根据第一段中“The woman was Chien-Shiung Wu，known as the First Lady of Physics，who transformed nuclear science.”、第四段中“She quickly gained a reputation and became an expert in the newly discovered phenomenon of nuclear fission (核裂变).”以及最后一段中“After graduation，she headed to Smith College to teach women physics.During World War Two Wu went to Princeton University，where she became the physics department's first female instructor.”可知，吴健雄致力于物理学的研究，并取得很多开创性的成果，故她是一个具有奉献精神和有雄心的科学家。故选D。 B (2025·全国一卷)Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas，stuck inside volcanic rocks，filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans. Now，new research suggests that a simple，cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头)：boiling and filtering(过滤)it.In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters，researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially，this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.In the study，boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics.But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate，boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.Additionally，the research didn't include all types of plastics.The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene，polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still，the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult.Even bottled water，scientists found earlier this year，contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice，” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay，an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research，tells New Scientist.“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。本文指出了微塑料污染的普遍性，并介绍了中国研究人员的新发现：煮沸并过滤自来水可去除水中的微塑料(效果取决于水的硬度)。 5．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 解析　推理判断题。第一段中作者通过列举微塑料在深海、喜马拉雅山脉、火山岩石、海鸟胃里和南极洲下的雪中的存在，来呈现微塑料污染问题。因此，作者是通过举例子的方式来呈现问题的。C项“通过举例子”。故选C。 答案　C 6．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time. C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Crucially，this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙)to trap the plastics.(至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于水中含有足够的碳酸钙来捕获塑料微粒)”可知，水的硬度决定了捕获水中微塑料的效果。下文补充说明将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬质水(hard water)煮沸可使微塑料含量降低近90%，但将碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样本煮沸仅使微塑料含量降低了25%。因此，水的硬度是影响捕获微塑料效果的关键因素。A项“水的硬度”。故选A。 答案　A 7．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段“Still，the findings show a potential path forward...a task that's becoming increasingly difficult...contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought.”可知，减少微塑料接触这项任务正变得愈发艰巨，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比最初认为的高出10至1000倍。因此，作者试图通过提到瓶装水来强调微塑料问题的严重性。B项“微塑料问题的严重性”。故选B。 答案　B 8．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings. 解析　推理判断题。最后一段中提到“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics”(我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，使其能够去除微塑料)，这表明Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议与研究结果的潜在应用有关。A项“新研究方法的选择”；B项“未来研究的可能方向”；C项“更多研究者参与的需要”；D项“研究结果的潜在应用”。故选D。 答案　D Ⅱ.完形填空 (2025·广西柳州联考)Heman Bekele，a 14-year-old from Virginia，stood out as the winner of the 2023 Young Scientist Challenge.Among the ten finalists he 1 the title of “America's Top Young Scientist” with his 2 creation known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS)，a bar of soap created for the very first time at a low cost to treat melanoma，the most common kind of skin cancer. Rather than a cure，Bekele's brilliant idea 3 the development of a soap that aims to help the patient's cells stay active while fighting melanoma.He always has endless passion for biology and technology，and the Young Scientist Challenge just 4 him with the perfect platform to display his ideas.Reflecting on his 5 Bekele shared that his childhood experience had played a crucial role in 6 his innovative thinking.“Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun，I wanted to raise people's awareness of 7 related to constant sun exposure.” “I wanted to make my idea accessible to a broad audience.” Bekele remarked during an interview with the media.Bekele also passionately expressed his 8 of turning the soap into a world where skin cancer treatment is within 9 for all.” He was grateful that he had received invaluable 10 from a product-engineering specialist，who connected him with other scientists to 11 him to reach his ambitious plans. While similar methods are available for skin cancer treatments，his solution is a more 12 option.In the future，Bekele longs to 13 his invention by trial and error and establish a nonprofit organization 14 to providing fair skin cancer treatment to as many people as possible，bringing 15 to the battle against skin cancer. 1．A.obtained B．desired C．analyzed D．defeated 2．A.efficient B．objective C．potential D．groundbreaking 3．A.insists on B．switches on C．focuses on D．agrees on 4．A.armed B．satisfied C．provided D．assisted 5．A.profession B．inspiration C．determination D．imagination 6．A.shaping B．displaying C．obeying D．detecting 7．A.challenges B．theories C．prospect D．advantages 8．A.fear B．doubt C．surprise D．dream 9．A.distance B．space C．limit D．reach 10．A.praise B．welcome C．guidance D．invitation 11．A.require B．remind C．press D．assist 12．A.fashionable B．affordable C．accurate D．relevant 13．A.perfect B．clear C．control D．picture 14．A.used B．addicted C．committed D．opposed 15．A.recognition B．hope C．comfort D．device 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了14岁少年Heman Bekele因发明低成本治疗黑色素瘤的肥皂而获得2023年美国顶尖年轻科学家称号的故事。 1．解析　A　根据前文“stood out as the winner”及后文“the title of ‘America's Top Young Scientist’”可知，此处指他获得了这一称号。故选A。 2．解析　D　根据后文“created for the very first time”可知，这项发明是首次创造出来的，具有开创性。故选D。 3．解析　C　根据后文“the development of a soap that aims to help the patient's cells stay active while fighting melanoma”可知，此处指专注于开发一种肥皂。故选C。 4．解析　C　根据后文“him with the perfect platform to display his ideas”可知，比赛为他提供了展示自己想法的平台。故选C。 5．解析　B　根据后文“his childhood experience had played a crucial role”可知，此处指回顾他的灵感来源。故选B。 6．解析　A　根据后文“his innovative thinking”可知，童年经历塑造了他的创新思维。故选A。 7．解析　A　根据前文“work tirelessly under the sun”及后文“related to constant sun exposure”可知，此处指持续暴露在阳光下所带来的挑战。故选A。 8．解析　D　根据后文“turning the soap into a world”可知，此处指他的梦想。故选D。 9．解析　D　根据前文“a world where skin cancer treatment is within”可知，此处指触手可及，within reach为固定短语，意为“触手可及；够得着”。故选D。 10．解析　C　根据前文“invaluable”及后文“from a product-engineering specialist”可知，此处指专家给了他宝贵的指导。故选C。 11．解析　D　根据前文“connect him with other scientists”可知，此处指帮助他实现计划。故选D。 12．解析　B　根据前文“at a low cost to treat melanoma”可知，他的解决方案更实惠，负担得起。故选B。 13．解析　A　根据后文“by trial and error”可知，他希望通过试验完善发明。故选A。 14．解析　C　根据后文“to providing fair skin cancer treatment to as many people as possible”可知，组织致力于提供公平治疗。故选C。 15．解析　B　根据前文“bringing”及后文“to the battle against skin cancer”可知，此处指带来希望。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $