Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版）

[对应知能达标训练P1] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 2．(2025·北京卷)I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith(faithful) she had in herself. 3．The announcer announced the result，but the announcement made me shocked.(announce) 4．Mr.Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes to his own measure. 5．But there are other points deserve consideration/to be considered (consider) besides his inclination. 6. The two boys were whispering when the head teacher came in from the back door. 7．So far they have found (find) a good way to fight the virus. 8．There are many boats，new and used，for sale. 9．I regret to tell you that you didn't pass the examination，but I believe you have the potential to succeed(succeed) if you work harder and focus on the areas where you need improvement.(应用文之劝慰信) 10．What annoys me most is that my roommates often chat late into night，which makes me sleepless.(应用文之求助信) Ⅱ.完成句子 1．There were a few anxious moments (焦虑不安的时刻) in the baseball game. 2．You need to interact with (与……交流，互动) others in order to make friends. 3．The town has a festive holiday atmosphere (节日气氛). 4．“I have faith in (相信)these guys，” the coach said.“These are good players.” 5．He deserves to be (应该被) locked up forever for what he did. Ⅲ.课文语法填空 Life often bears fun and embarrassments，making 1.it charming to taste and explore.Here are three funny experiences in life. An art collector spotted a cat 2.consuming (consume) milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store while he was walking 3.casually (casual) on the road.He realised the saucer was so 4.valuable (value) an antique that he offered 5.to pay (pay) a high price to buy the cat，hoping the owner would give away the saucer as well.Ironically，the owner refused to throw in this lucky saucer，which had helped him sell 68 cats that week 6.for the same reason. Sherlock and Watson shared a similar funny experience.One camping night，they woke up with millions of stars shining in the sky.7.Based (base) on the scientific measurement of time，Watson figured out the exact time.From the atmosphere，he 8.forecast (forecast) a bright day the next day.In the end，he was purely embarrassed to be told that their tent had been stolen. The same embarrassment also happened to a middle­aged man who 9.had been suffering (suffer) depression for several months and saw a doctor.After an examination，he was told there was nothing serious and that 10.what he needed was only a real laugh.The doctor recommended an amazing clown — Grock，and he replied sadly，“I am Grock.” Ⅰ.阅读理解 A What is it that makes people laugh? More than two thousand years ago the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle defined (定义) jokes as the pleasure that results from a feeling of triumph(胜利) by showing we're better than someone else in a certain way.According to Aristotle and many other philosophers，all jokes depend mainly on showing inferiority in another person or group of persons—that is，putting it clearly，on showing that they are worse off than ourselves.Jokes raise our good opinion of ourselves at someone else's expense. Showing how much better than other people we are is only one reason we like jokes.Someone may also use a joke to express their anger or their cruelty or any other kind of action that is not acceptable to us.We feel free to laugh when we hear about someone sliding on a banana skin.The joke lets us express those attitudes which are usually unacceptable to society.This is probably the reason why some of the jokes，especially those involving cruelty，are so popular with certain people. Besides，all jokes depend on our enjoyment of laughing at something that is strange and out of place because it's different from things which are happening around it.The same situation can be either sad or pleasant，depending entirely on how strange and out of place it is.If a girl in a bathing suit falls into a swimming pool，we don't laugh because nothing unusual has happened.But if a man in a smart suit falls in，the situation is at once unusual in a pleasant way and we laugh.A good joke­teller will always try to build up a situation in which one thing is expected until something unexpected suddenly happens，and so we laugh. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。本文探讨了笑话。 1．According to Aristotle，all jokes depend mainly on ． A．showing inferiority in another person or group B．resulting in a sense of success C．having a good opinion of other people D．making people laugh unexpectedly 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to Aristotle and many other philosophers，all jokes depend mainly on showing inferiority in another person or group of persons...(根据亚里士多德和其他许多哲学家的说法，所有的笑话主要是为了显示另一个人或一群人的自卑)”可知，笑话是依赖于展示出另外一个人或群体的自卑。 故选A。 2．The underlined word “inferiority”(in paragraph 1) means ． A．something that is not as good as something else B．something that is better than something else C．someone that is not as good as someone else D．someone that is better than someone else 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据破折号后的“that is，putting it clearly，on showing that they are worse off than ourselves.(也就是说，要清楚地表明，他们的境况比我们还糟糕)”可知，inferiority与worse off是同义词，意思是“不如别的东西好的东西”。故选A。 3．What's the main idea of paragraph 2? A．Showing we are better than other people is the only one reason we like jokes. B.When people are angry，they would like to hear jokes. C．People who like jokes are usually cruel. D．To express those attitudes usually unacceptable to society is one of the reasons we like jokes. 解析：D　主旨大意题。根据第二段“Someone may also use a joke to express their anger or their cruelty or any other kind of action that is not acceptable to us.(有些人也可能用笑话来表达他们的愤怒或他们的残忍或任何其他我们不能接受的行为)”可知第二段主要讲了我们喜欢笑话的原因之一就是为了表达那些通常不被社会接受的态度。故选D。 4．What will a good joke­teller always try to do? A．Make a sad situation into a pleasant one. B．Make different things happen at the same time. C．Make an unexpected thing happen in an expected situation. D．Make people laugh at something unusual and out of place. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据文章的最后一句“A good joke­teller will always try to build up a situation in which one thing is expected until something unexpected suddenly happens，and so we laugh.(一个会讲笑话的人总是试图营造一种情境，让人们期待一件事，直到意外的事情突然发生，我们才会笑)”可知，C项 “让意想不到的事情发生在预期的情况下 ”正确。 故选C。 B (2025·广西南宁高二上阶段练习)As I wash dishes at the kitchen sink，my husband，Scot，paces behind me，annoyed.“Have you seen my keys？” he asks.In the past I would have turned off the tap and joined the hunt while trying to comfort my husband.But that only made him angrier.Now，I focus on the wet dish in my hands.I don't turn around.I don't say a word.I'm using a technique I learned from a dolphin trainer. For a book I was writing about animal trainers' school，I started spending my days watching professional trainers do the seemingly impossible: teaching dogs to dance on command and chimps to skateboard.Eventually it hit me that the same techniques might work on that stubborn but lovable species，the American husband.The central lesson I learned is that I should reward behaviour I like and ignore behaviour I don't.After all，you don't get a sea lion to balance a ball on the end of its nose by talking.The same goes for the American husband. I began thanking Scott if he threw one dirty shirt into the laundry basket.If he threw in two，I'd kiss him.I was using what trainers call “approximations”，rewarding the small steps toward learning a whole new behaviour.With Scott the husband，I began to praise every small act every time: if he drove just a mile an hour slower，or was on time for anything. I followed the students to Sea World San Diego，where a dolphin trainer introduced me to Least Reinforcing Scenario (L.R.S.).When a dolphin does something wrong，the trainer doesn't respond in any way.The idea is that any response，positive or negative，fuels a behaviour.If a behaviour causes no response，it typically dies away.It was only a matter of time before he was again searching for his keys，at which point I said nothing and kept at what I was doing.It took a lot of discipline to maintain my calm，but results were immediate.I felt as if I should throw him a small fish. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者用幽默诙谐的口吻描写自己用专业驯练师训练动物的方法来对待丈夫，结果起到意想不到的效果。 5．How did the writer get the idea of treating her husband? A．By rewarding her husband. B．By writing a book on animals. C．By watching professional training. D．By focusing on washing the dishes. 解析：C　细节理解题。第二段中的“I started spending my days watching professional trainers do the seemingly impossible: teaching dogs to dance on command and chimps to skateboard.Eventually it hit me that the same techniques might work on that stubborn but lovable species，the American husband(我开始花时间观看职业的训练师做一些看起来不可能的事情：教狗按照要求跳舞，黑猩猩滑滑板。最终我想到了同样的技巧可能会在固执又可爱的物种——美国丈夫身上生效)”可知，作者是从观看训练中获得想法，故选C。 6．What will happen if the trainer doesn't respond to the dolphin's mistake? A．It will feel embarrassed. B．It will forget the wrong action. C．It will be annoyed. D．It will repeat the mistake. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“When a dolphin does something wrong，the trainer doesn't respond in any way.The idea is that any response，positive or negative，fuels a behaviour.If a behaviour causes no response，it typically dies away.(当海豚做错事时，驯练师不会做出任何反应。该理论认为，任何反应，无论是积极的还是消极的，都会助长一种行为。如果一种行为没有引起反应，它通常就会消失。)”可知，如果训练师对海豚的错误没有反应，这种行为会被遗忘从而消失。故选B。 7．What can we learn from the passage? A．The writer's husband behaves like animals. B．The writer often quarrels with her husband. C．The writer is determined to learn from the dolphin. D．The writer behaves differently to her husband. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Now，I focus on the wet dish in my hands.I don't turn around.I don't say a word.I'm using a technique I learned from a dolphin trainer.(现在，我专注于手中的湿盘子。我不转身。我一言不发。我正在使用我从海豚训练师那里学到的一种技巧。)”以及最后一段中“It took a lot of discipline to maintain my calm，but results were immediate.I felt as if I should throw him a small fish.(保持冷静需要很大的自制力，但结果是立竿见影的。我觉得自己好像应该扔给他一条小鱼。)”可知，作者对待丈夫的方式与以前不同了。故选D。 8．What is the tone of the text? A．Humorous. B．Serious. C．Formal. D．Aggressive. 解析：A　推理判断题。纵观全文作者试图用训练师训练动物的方法来应对丈夫的日常行为，比如第三段中的“With Scott the husband，I began to praise every small act every time: if he drove just a mile an hour slower，or was on time for anything.(对于Scott这个丈夫，我开始每一次表扬他的每一个小的行为，如果他只是一小时慢了几英里或者是按时做了任何事情。)”可知，作者的语气是夸张的、幽默的，故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life. When I was a teenager，a neighborhood friend 1 a marathon race.Feeling motivated，I started running 2 ，but then two things happened.First，a girl I met one day told me she was 3 for a “super”，referring to a 52.4­mile double marathon.Then，the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.To be honest，I 4 it！Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging，I decided that the only 6 I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! So I 7 cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I 8 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day，I 9 her bike and went for a ride.The 10 ：The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.I'd never faced such 11 ．That day，I got 12 by about 100“local”bikers who were used to such roads.When I got back home，suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as 13 ． I've 14 a lot since then.I've come to accept that whatever 15 I set for myself，they just have to be my own. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了在生活中，他人的成就对作者的激励作用以及消极作用。作者曾经受朋友赢得马拉松比赛的激励而开始跑步，但后来因遇到更厉害的跑步者和感受到跑步的无聊而放弃。再后来作者转而骑自行车，但因爬坡的困难和被人超过的打击而放弃。最终，作者意识到目标应针对自身而设。 1．A.knew B．held C．won D．quit 解析：C　上文中的“I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life.”提到作者会因为别人的成就而受到激励。结合下文的“Feeling motivated，I started running”可知，此处是指一个社区的朋友赢得了马拉松比赛，作者因此受到了激励。quit“退出”。故用won。 2．A.regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently 解析：A　结合语境和常识可知，作者受到了激励，因此应是开始定期跑步。silently“悄悄地，静静地”；proudly“得意地，自豪地”。故用regularly。 3．A.asking B．looking C．waiting D．training 解析：D　由下文的“referring to a 52.4­mile double marathon”可知，作者遇到的那个女孩要参加一场52.4英里的双人马拉松比赛，因此她那时正在为之训练，故用 training。 4．A.made B．believed C．hated D．deserved 解析：C　受到那个女孩的影响，作者第二天就开始跑自己从未跑过的最长距离——15 英里。根据下文的“the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者认为慢跑无比无聊，因此其实作者本身没有跑步的意愿，所以此处可推知，作者是讨厌跑15英里的。deserve“值得，应得”。故用 hated。 5．A.advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence 解析：B　作者遇到的女孩为52.4 英里的双人马拉松比赛训练，而作者在跑15英里的距离，因此对比之下在那个女孩面前作者跑步的成就显得非常渺小。advantage“有利条件，有利因素，优势”； achievement“成就，成绩”；contribution“贡献”； influence“影响”。故用 achievement。 6．A.way B．risk C．place D．reason 解析：D　由上文可知，跑步对作者而言是令人讨厌的、无聊的，因此作者放弃了跑步，决定以后能让自己再次跑步的唯一原因是后面有大狗在追赶。risk“危险，风险”。故用 reason。 7．A.gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with 解析：C　由下文的“I got a good bike and rode a lot”可知，作者买了一辆好的自行车，并骑了很多次，因此作者放弃跑步后把自己的目标转向了骑自行车。give up“放弃”；go on“继续”；deal with“处理”。故用 turned to。 8．A.heard B．dreamed C．complained D．approved 解析：B　结合上文中描述的作者的经历和下文作者放弃了骑行可知，此处表示在骑行方面，作者一开始梦想着参加骑行比赛，直到飞往圣地亚戈拜访姐姐。complain“抱怨”；approve“同意”。故用dreamed。 9．A.painted B．borrowed C．bought D．parked 解析：B　根据空前的“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day”和空后的“went for a ride”可知，作者去圣地亚戈找姐姐，一天姐姐在上班，作者去骑行了，因此此处是说作者向姐姐借了自行车，故用borrowed。 10．A.problem B．secret C．principle D．advice 解析：A　由空后的“The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，那里的道路穿过宽阔的山谷，在那里作者要一次骑好几英里的上坡路；再结合下文的“about 100 ‘local’bikers who were used to such roads”可知，与当地那些习惯了这种路的人相比，作者不习惯这种路，这种路对作者而言是一个问题。principle“原则，原理”。故用 problem。 11．A.dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges 解析：D　作者要一次骑好几英里的上坡路，结合常识和下文作者放弃骑自行车可知，此处是在描述作者的困难，所以此处是说作者从来没有遇到过这种挑战。danger“危险，风险”； event“活动，比赛项目”；opponent“对手，竞争者”。故用challenges。 12．A.passed B．convinced C．admired D．stopped 解析：A　由上文内容和下文的“by about 100‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads”可知，作者被熟悉这种路的当地骑行者超过，convince“使确信，使相信，使信服”； admire“钦佩，赞赏”。故用passed。 13．A.reliable B．convenient C．familiar D．appealing 解析：D　结合上文可知，作者在骑行途中遇到了挑战，又被大约百人超过，作者受挫了，因此骑行对作者来说就没有那么有吸引力了，reliable“可信赖的，可依靠的”；convenient“实用的，便利的”； familiar“熟悉的，常见到的，常听说的”。故用appealing。 14．A.traveled B．matured C．missed D．worried 解析：B　结合文章最后一句“I've come to accept...be my own.”可知，经过跑步和骑行这两件事情，作者已经逐渐相信目标应是为自己而设的，因此作者成长了、成熟了，故用 matured。 15．A.limits B．dates C．goals D．tests 解析：C　综合全文可知，在跑步和骑行这两件事情上，作者均受到了他人成就的影响，但结果都失败了，故此处是说自那之后作者逐渐相信不管为自己设定什么目标，这些目标都要是为自己而设的。limit“限制”。故用goals。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $