专题05 阅读理解（说明文+议论文）（期末真题汇编，天津专用）高二英语上学期

专题05 阅读理解（说明文+议论文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 （2024-2025 学年高二上・河东区・期末） An elephant in a South Korean zoo is using his trunk to pick up not only food, but also human vocabulary. An international team of scientists confirmed Friday what the Everland Zoo has been saying for years: Their 5.5-ton elephant Koshik has an unusual talent. The 22-year-old Asian elephant can reproduce five Korean words by putting his trunk inside his mouth to imitate sound. Scientists said he may have started imitating human speech because he was lonely. One of the researchers said there is no conclusive evidence that Koshik understands the sounds he makes, although the elephant does respond to words like “anja (sit down)” and “nuwo (lie down).” Koshik is particularly good with vowels (元音), with a rate of similarity of 67 percent, the researchers said. For consonants (辅音) he scores only 21 percent. Researchers said the clearest scientific evidence that Koshik is deliberately imitating human speech is that the sound frequency of his words matches that of his trainers. Vocal imitation of other species has been found in mockingbirds, parrots and mynahs. But the paper says Koshik’s case represents “a wholly new method of vocal production” because he uses his trunk to reproduce human speech. In 1983, zoo officials in Kazakhstan reportedly claimed that a teenage elephant named Batyr could reproduce Russian to “say” 20 phrases, including “Batyr is good.” But there was no scientific study on the claim. Researchers believe Koshik learned to reproduce words out of a desire to bond with his trainers after he was separated from two other elephants at age 5. Oh Suk-hun, who co-authored the research paper with Stoeger-Horwath and Mietchen, said the elephant apparently started imitating human speech to win the trust of his trainers. Kim Jong-gab, Koshik’s chief trainer, said the elephant was timid for a male when he first came to the Everland Zoo, so trainers often slept in the same area with him. Kim thinks that contact helped Koshik feel closer to humans. 46．What do we know about Koshik? A．He is a newcomer to the zoo. B．His talent has been discovered recently. C．His imitation of consonants is not so good. D．He began to imitate human speech at age 5. 47．Which of the following statements is right? A．Batyr is less clever than Koshik B．it is common to see elephants imitate C．elephants are good at imitating human speech D．Koshik’s talent is really unusual among elephants 48．According to the scientists, Koshik imitated human speech ________. A．from zoo visitors B．to fight loneliness C．with the help of his trainers D．for the purpose of performance 49．The underlined word “timid” in the last paragraph probably means _________. A．shy B．friendly C．cold D．proud 50．What would be the best title for the text? A．Clever animals B．Speech experts C．Talking elephant D．Talkative species （2024-2025 学年高二上・南开中学・期末） Overcoming learning disabilities has long been a challenge for educators and students alike. However, recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have shown promise in revolutionizing the way we approach education for students with learning disabilities. One of the most significant ways AI can assist is through the use of adaptive learning systems. These systems use algorithms to analyze a student’s performance and adjust the learning content and pace accordingly. This personalized approach allows them to progress at their own pace, without feeling overwhelmed or left behind. Furthermore, adaptive learning systems can identify areas where a student may be struggling and provide targeted support. Another way AI can support them is through natural language processing (NLP) technology. NLP enables computers to understand and interpret human language, allowing AI-powered tools to provide real-time feedback on a student’s written work. This can be particularly beneficial for students with dyslexia, who often struggle with spelling, grammar, and sentence structure. By providing immediate feedback, students can identify and correct their mistakes, leading to improved writing skills and increased confidence. AI can also play a role in developing their social and emotional skills. Many students with learning disabilities experience social isolation AI-powered social robots can recognize and respond to human emotions, allowing students to engage in interactive conversations and activities that help develop their social and emotional intelligence. While the potential benefits of AI in education are clear, it is essential to recognize AI isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution. Educators must carefully consider the moral implications of using AI in the classroom and ensure these tools are used responsibly and with the best interests of the students in mind. Moreover, it is crucial to remember AI shouldn’t replace human educators but rather serve as a tool to enhance and support their efforts. Teachers play a vital role by providing empathy, understanding, and guidance that cannot be reproduced by a machine. By combining the power of AI with the skills and compassion of human educators, we can create a more inclusive and effective educational environment for all students. 46．How can adaptive systems help students with learning disabilities? A．By adjusting their learning methods. B．By analyzing their learning abilities. C．By satisfying their curiosity in learning. D．By offering personalized learning assistance. 47．What does the underlined word “dyslexia” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．A mental illness affecting human intelligence. B．A brain disease leading to lack of confidence in study. C．A language-related skill applied in the learning process. D．A learning disorder involving difficulty in reading and writing. 48．What is the value of AI-powered social robots? A．Engaging students in learning activities. B．Assisting learners to overcome social isolation. C．Narrowing the social distance between people. D．Helping learners adopt effective reading strategies. 49．What does the author say about AI in the last paragraph? A．It can guarantee learners’ data security. B．It can meet a wide range of learning needs. C．It can’t create an inclusive learning environment. D．It can’t provide understanding like human educators. 50．According to the article, which of the following is not considered an advantage of AI in education? A．Providing personalized learning support. B．Boosting students’ social and emotional skills. C．Offering writing feedback through NLP technology. D．Making human educators unnecessary in the classroom. （2024-2025 学年高二上・南开中学・期末） Do you think artificial intelligence (AI) should be banned in schools? To improve the new development of education, experts and officials believe that generative AI tools should be safely and appropriately applied in schools rather than being banned. Zheng Qinghua, president of Tongji University, emphasized the importance of taking the opportunities and meeting challenges presented by AI-empowered education. He suggested that young people should be guided to improve their understanding of the knowledge created by technology. Meanwhile, their motivation for learning should also be encouraged. AI technology has become increasingly important for getting and spreading knowledge, impacting teaching, learning, and school management. Zheng emphasized the widespread use of various models such as Emie Bot, an AI chatbot product developed by Baidu, among college students in China. The tool can write essays, solve science problems, and help students with assignments and tests. Furthermore, a survey conducted by the online learning platform Study showed that 89 percent of students had used ChatGPT for homework assistance, raising concerns about academic honesty. Instead of merely relying on AI to provide answers or complete homework and tests, people should focus on using AI to develop students’ innovation and integrate professional skills, enabling them to solve real-world problems, said Zheng. According to Colin Bailey, president of Queen Mary University of London, as ChatGPT grows rapidly, the focus should not be on whether to use AI in education, but on how to use it safely, effectively, and appropriately. Banning AI in schools is not the solution, Bailey concluded. Bailey also warned about the potential harm caused by poorly designed AI. Efforts to regulate (监管) AI have come out around the world, such as the Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights in the US and a pro-innovation approach to AI regulation in the UK. In China, measures for managing generative AI services have been carried out. Chen Jie, vice-minister of education, emphasized the need for cooperation among education and research institutions to address AI-related issues like privacy leaks and bias. 51．What is Zheng Qinghua’s attitude towards using AI in education? A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 52．What is the primary concern raised by the survey conducted by Study? A．The privacy leaks of using AI tools. B．Dishonest behavior in the students’ homework. C．The students’ reliance on AI tools to learn. D．The students’ preference for AI chatbots to human teachers. 53．What is Colin Bailey’s suggestion on AI tools in schools? A．Prohibiting them due to academic issues. B．Protecting them from the potential harm. C．Applying them in a proper and efficient way. D．Using them without restrictions. 54．The underlined word “address” in the last paragraph can be replaced by ______. A．Tackle B．React C．Wipe D．Mount 55．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The unique approach of China in regulating AI. B．The global agreement on the ban of AI in education. C．The worldwide efforts to establish regulations on AI services. D．The international cooperation in addressing AI-related issues. 主题02 人与社会——历史社会与文化 （2024-2025 学年高二上・河东区・期末） At one American high school, Ivan Baumwell watched a friend print out the answers to a history test in tiny type and tape them inside her water bottle. Devon Watts opened her watch before an exam and put a cheat sheet in front of the watch face. One method was even more original. Trevor Snell watched another student hollow out (挖空) an apple and put the answers to a physics test inside. These students were among the dozens across the country who talked about their experiences with cheating. Everyone interviewed said that cheating was widespread in his or her school. The majority admitted cheating at some point themselves. According to a national survey of 8,600 students, 71 percent of American teenagers admitted cheating on at least one exam within the last year. (Ten years earlier the figure was 60 percent.) So why is the United States becoming a nation of cheaters? Kent Petrino says. “Teachers need to pay more attention if they want to stop students from cheating. A lot of kids cheat because they know they won’t get caught doing it.” It’s not surprising that teachers reject this excuse. “Our job is to teach and not to be police officers. I really think parents have to teach this to their kids. And kids need to monitor themselves,” says Kent’s teacher. Judy Carrico. Students know that if they cheat, they risk punishment. If they are caught, the school may tell their parents. They may also ban the students from attending school for a period of time or give an automatic failing grade. Are there any additional long-term consequences? “Of course there are,” says Laura Mills. “Cheaters are just cheating themselves out of skills they need.” Josephson, an official in an education authority agrees. “Do we really want the next generation of doctors and airplane pilots to be people who cheated their way through school?” he asks. 51．What’s Paragraph 1 mainly about? A．How common cheating is in high school. B．Examples of cheating in school. C．The original ways of cheating. D．Why students cheat. 52．Every student interviewed ________. A．agreed that cheating was not a big deal B．admitted that they had cheated in an exam C．admitted that they had been caught cheating D．agreed that cheating was common in their schools 53．According to Kent Petrino, who should be responsible for students’ cheating? A．Parents. B．Students. C．School teachers. D．Education authorities. 54．We can infer from the last paragraph that cheating ________. A．is hard to prevent B．is acceptable sometimes C．can lead to serious results D．can be reduced by punishing cheaters 55．What can we learn from the text? A．Cheating is an increasing problem. B．Cheaters should be sent to the police. C．Grading standard can influence cheating. D．Teachers are ignoring students’ obvious cheating. （2024-2025 学年高二上・西青区・期末） It’s human nature to enjoy playing. From board games to sports, games have been a significant part of human culture for a very long time. Since their invention in the mid-20th century, video games have become one of the most popular ways to have fun. In 2018, UK games spent an average of over seven hours a week playing, according to research by global network provider Limelight. But how much is too much? When does fun turn into an addiction? Are we addicted to video games? “The strong desire to play never disappears,” said Sean - not his real name - on the BBC’s Victoria Derbyshire programme. His deep interest in gaming once led him to play for 48 hours straight. It consumed him to the point where he neglected his family and children, spending all his time on gaming and ignoring their needs, which ultimately led to losing them, his job, and his home. Since then, he has entered a rehabilitation center, and although he slipped back into gaming once or twice, he has been doing well for the last 14 months. Sean is not alone. The UK Addiction Treatment group reported that the number of people seeking treatment for gaming addiction grew from four in 2014 to 22 in 2018. In 2018, the World Health Organization classified gaming addiction as an illness. In the UK, an investigation into technology addiction by the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Select Committee included statements from people who said they were addicted to games. One, Matus Mikus, said, “games are naturally addictive.” However, the association for UK Interactive Entertainment told the committee that there was not enough evidence to support the claim of addiction. They argued that gaming could be beneficial, for example, by developing thinking skills. In fact, in a 2018 BBC article, Dr. Rajin Chowdhury, who works in an aesthetic and intensive care at Sheffield Teaching Hospital, shared a similar view. Gaming, he said, made him more skillful with his hands, improved his ability to use his hands and eyes together effectively, and helped with operations performed remotely by looking at a screen, especially when the controls were complex. Are video games addictive? The answer is unclear. As with many things, balance is important. The games themselves may not be the problem, but letting them negatively impact our lives certainly is. With that in mind, play well, have fun, and remember to take regular breaks. 46．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To criticize the impact of video games on society. B．To introduce the topic of video games and their popularity. C．To provide information about how much people play games. D．To explain the history of video games. 47．The underlined word “neglected” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”. A．Ignored B．Supported C．Watched D．Disliked 48．What does the third paragraph mainly discuss? A．The benefits of gaming. B．The popularity of video games. C．The fun of playing video games. D．The rise in gaming addiction cases. 49．What does the association claim about gaming? A．It is harmful. B．It causes addiction. C．It has benefits. D．It is expensive. 50．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Video Games: A New Form of Entertainment B．Video Games: Addiction or Benefit? C．The Dark Side of Video Game Addiction D．How to Deal with Video Game Addiction 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 （2024-2025 学年高二上・河西区・期末） A lot of people think that college is all about getting good grades, but there are a lot of other things you could be doing to make your college experience more pleasant. Always make study friends It’s way better to study with someone else rather than by yourself! If you have trouble focusing when studying, this will keep you off your phone and any other distractions, and you will feel the responsibility of actually studying since another person’s time is at stake. Make sure you are arranging study sessions with the people in your class. You can make group chats through different platforms for you to meet in the library or online. Attend your professors’ office hours Professors always have an enormous influence on your educational path. So, make sure they are getting to know you both as a person and as a student. Therefore, office hours are the perfect time for you to come to ask questions and show an interest in their class. Even if you don’t have good grades, it shows that you are trying hard, and they love that. Check your email Please make sure you have a valid email address. Almost everything you do in college will involve your email. This is how most professors and every other person in the university community will communicate with you and vice versa (反之亦然). Review the material that you didn’t understand Let’s be real: There are two or three days a week when we just feel out of it. We often simply feel a lot of tiredness and very little motivation. It becomes very hard for us to learn something new or remember it. That is OK and every college student feels this way sometimes! The important thing here is how we make up for the lost time to still have good grades in our classes, and I can give you a very easy strategy to follow. The key is to review the topic or material you were supposed to understand in class later that same day. Please do this! 31．Study friends play an important role in________. A．attracting your attention when you have trouble focusing B．driving you to devote more time and attention to your studies C．helping you arrange study sessions with your classmates D．making group chats for you to meet in person or online 32．Why importance should be attached to professors’ office hours? A．Because it is a good time for professors to leave a deep impression on you. B．Because you can show how good your grades are during the hours. C．Because it is a good chance for professors to further understand you. D．Because it is when you can share your interests with the professors. 33．What is the purpose of having a valid email address? A．To help students get in touch with their families. B．To keep students informed of school affairs. C．To collect useful information for the email users. D．To make it easier for others on campus to contact you. 34．What does the author suggest students do to achieve high scores in classes? A．Go over the topic or material later that day. B．Take enough rest and be motivated all the time. C．Consult the professors during office hours. D．Try to make up for the lost time as much as possible. 35．Who will probably find this passage most helpful? A．Working staff in colleges. B．Senior students in universities. C．Would-be college students. D．High school teachers and students. 主题04 人与自然——生态自然与环境保护 （2024-2025 学年高二上・部分区・期末） We do all sorts of things to attract birds to our yards-from feeders to the right kinds of plants. Sometimes these glimpses are all too quick, or we miss the birds totally because we’re off doing other things. Luckily, there’s a way to enjoy the birds even while you’re not looking. The Bird Photo Booth device captures (拍摄) birds as they land on a feeding dish, giving you an image of the creature in its natural setting. The Bird Photo Booth uses a motion sensor to activate a camera. When a bird sits on a feeding bowl connected to a small lever, the camera starts taking pictures and videos, which can be sent to another device. This way of getting up close and personal with birds appealed to Lisa. When she moved to the United States, she saw birds she hadn’t seen before. She had married into a birdwatcher family and her academic background is in wildlife documentaries, so she was curious to get closer to the birds that were visiting her yard. She set up the photo booth, along with nest boxes equipped with cameras. Additionally, she and her family made their garden as wildlife-friendly as possible giving up pesticides (杀虫剂) and making planting choices that benefit bugs and insects. The device has given Lisa exactly the sort of experience she wanted. She said that she’s seen somewhere around 30 different species. “Going through my photos each day is an everyday pleasure that I would not want to miss in my life,” she said. The pictures are more than just a fun hobby for Lisa, however. She shares them online. “Learning more about nature is always a good thing, and this is an easy way to get into that. So for whoever is interested in seeing their birds closer, I would recommend it,” she continued. “The Bird Photo Booth may not be for those who are not tech-savvy (精通技术的) or who have big fingers.” Patience, of course, is also required. Even though you’ve set up the device, it doesn’t mean the birds will come flocking (聚集) over immediately. 56．Why might people miss seeing birds in their yards? A．The birds are always flying away. B．They are busy doing other things. C．The birds are not interested in the yard. D．The camera is usually out of control. 57．What is Para.2 mainly about? A．What the Bird Photo Booth is made up of. B．How the Bird Photo Booth attracts birds. C．How the Bird Photo Booth works. D．What makes the Bird Photo Booth outstanding. 58．How did Lisa keep her garden? A．By making it natural. B．By tidying it up regularly. C．By setting up hunting nets. D．By using chemicals to kill insects. 59．How did Lisa feel about her experience with the Bird Photo Booth? A．She was discouraged. B．She was surprised. C．She was satisfied. D．She was confused. 60．What can we learn about the Bird Photo Booth? A．It may disturb birds. B．It requires little tech knowledge. C．It can attract birds immediately. D．It helps people learn more about nature. （2024-2025 学年高二上・河西区・期末） In the opinion of some people, the most direct, most touching, and easiest way of protecting wild animals, without doubt, is “the rescue of each individual wild animal”. On seeing a recovered bird return to the blue sky, they will feel moved with hot tears in the eyes. However, what is very easily ignored by them is that the value of protecting each individual wild animal usually does not lie in the individual wild animal itself but more frequently in the entire species behind each individual. In this aspect, this is different from the rescue of weak individuals in the human society. There are many differences between animals and human beings. According to biologist Richard Dawkins, the biggest difference possibly lies in that animals are short of social culture. But here, the culture refers to “the behavior pattern having nothing to do with heredity (遗传), but which may be copied and inherited (继承)”. Human beings depend on culture for heritage. As time passes by, the culture has been accumulated to distinguish one group from another. Therefore, the protection of culture is important and necessary. However, wild animals depend on genes for heritage, and therefore, it is important and necessary to keep natural genes in existence. As long as wild animals can pass genes down, the entire species survive. Therefore, wild animals value mostly lies in its gene, and the existence of the species is more important. The individual death cannot be avoided, but the gene may exist forever through the gene bank of the species, keeping the species existent. When we protect wild animal individuals, this is more a measure than a goal. Therefore, the Yellowstone Park has introduced the wolf to control the number of deer and get rid of the old, weak, sick and disabled. Such behavior is beyond imagination among human beings, but in the nature, this is completely normal and reasonable. We often observe wild animals with the judgment that we may have to human beings, ignoring their differences. But if species itself is not in danger, then working hard to protect the individual can do nothing good to the entire species. Of course for other reasons, we still hope to protect these individuals from death, but this does not belong to the narrow sense of animal protection. 41．In the opinion of Richard Dawkins, wild animals are different from human beings because ________. A．they depend on culture for existence in the world B．they have poorer social culture than human beings C．they have no behavior pattern related to heredity D．they can copy or inherit something from their parents 42．According to the text, how should we protect wild animals? A．By making their natural genes exist forever. B．By protecting every wild animal from death. C．By saving weak animal individuals. D．By passing the law to forbid killing wild animals. 43．The author uses the example of the Yellowstone Park in order to show ________. A．protecting wild animals is our goal B．how to kill those old, weak, sick and disabled deer C．protecting wild animal individuals is not a goal D．how to keep the balance between different species 44．The text is mainly developed by________. A．giving examples B．providing the explanation C．analyzing causes D．making comparisons 45．Which word can best describe the author’s attitude towards the measure of protecting deer? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Reserved. 主题05 人与自我——做人与做事 （2024-2025 学年高二上・部分区・期末） My father worked for The New York Times. He started in the delivery department and worked his way up into accounting. In the end, he retired from his accounting job. His experience, working for one company his entire life, is very rare these days. I believe in the future, even working for just one company at any given time will be rare. The present structure of the employee-company relationship is 1-to-1. You work for one company and that company pays you. In the future the way we work and relationship structures will change. In fact, I am seeing it happening already. There are many people who are working for many companies. In most cases, the companies are not in competition, so there are no conflicts. I call this “employee sharing” or “work sharing”. The idea is similar to “time-sharing”. In the same way that people time-share vacation locations, companies will soon employee-share. This is not temp (临时雇员) work, but companies acquiring a share of a person’s available hours. For example, if your company needs a marketer, you can buy a share of a marketing professional’s time during the following week or month. These professionals will provide their expert knowledge and focus in that time paid. The key is to group all of these professionals in one place, a website, where a company can go and look for experts who have time available. You also get experts from around the world, so if you need a salesperson in Milan, you can time-share with that person. Lastly, the key is to make sure there is no conflict of interest. HR (human resources) and legal departments must get experienced in this area. The benefit to the professional is working for many companies, gaining experience, and keeping their interest continually energized. The benefit for the company is you use and pay for the skills you need, when you need them. 61．What do we know about the author’s father? A．He is an accountant now. B．He is highly valued by his company. C．He worked for one company his whole life. D．He did many part-time jobs to earn his living. 62．What can be learnt about work sharing? A．It is a one-to-many relationship. B．It is far from similar to time-sharing. C．It will cause competition among companies. D．It is a popular working style in part-time working fields. 63．How does Para.3 mainly develop? A．By stating a fact. B．By giving an example. C．By following the order of time. D．By explaining cause and effect. 64．What’s Para.4 mainly about? A．How to carry out work sharing. B．How to look for a salesperson. C．How to avoid conflicts among companies. D．How to time-share with an expert. 65．What does the last paragraph suggest? A．Work sharing may cause big conflicts. B．Work sharing should be set in one place. C．Work sharing will put an end to the HR department. D．Work sharing is good for both employees and companies. 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 （2024-2025 学年高二上・天津一中・期末） Gold mining has long been criticized for its environmental and economic challenges. It typically involves heavy machinery, poisonous chemicals, and vast amounts of water, all to extract (提取) minimal amounts of gold. For instance, processing a ton of ore (矿石) might produce as little as ten grams of gold. In contrast, urban mining, which recovers metals from electronic waste like printed circuit boards (PCBs), offers a significantly higher return. A ton of PCBs can produce over 150 grams of gold, along with other valuable metals like silver, copper, worth over $20, 000 per ton. Despite this, most electronic waste is not recycled properly. In 2022, the UN reported that only about 20% of the world’s 62 million tons of e-waste was formally recycled. Traditional methods for recycling PCBs, such as burning or using toxic (有毒的) chemicals, are highly polluting and energy-intensive, producing harmful emissions and toxic waste. To address these issues, scientists have turned to bioleaching (生物浸出), a cleaner and more sustainable alternative. Bioleaching uses bacteria, such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (氧化亚铁硫杆菌) to produce chemicals that dissolve metals into a solution. This process, first discovered over2, 000 years ago, became commercialized in the 1950s for extracting metals from mining waste. Modern bioleaching takes place in controlled environments, whore bacteria work under ideal conditions to digest metals in just a few days. Those dissolved metals can then be recovered using methods like electroplating (电镀) . Bioscope Technologies, a company based in England, has developed an advanced bioleaching plant capable of processing 1, 000 tons of PCBs annually. The plant operates in a closed-loop (环) system where bacteria are reused, minimizing waste. Besides extracting precious metals like gold and silver, the company also recycles plastics and fiberglass from PCBs. However, they are still improving the process to better recover non-precious metals like tin and zinc. As urban mining techniques improve, it could become an even more efficient and eco-friendly solution to the growing e-waste crisis. 43．What is one major reason traditional gold mining is considered environmentally harmful? A．It destroys the ecosystems where it takes place. B．It produces little gold compared to the resources used. C．It requires expensive machinery and skilled labor. D．It leads to too much soil erosion and water pollution. 44．Based on the third paragraph, what makes modern bioleaching more effective than traditional methods? A．The bacteria are genetically engineered to target specific metals. B．The process does not rely on oxygen or heat to function. C．It works well without the need for controlled environments. D．It requires less time and works efficiently under controlled conditions. 45．What is one unique feature of Bioscope Technologies’ bioleaching system? A．It is capable of fully recycling all components of PCBs. B．It uses bacteria that are specifically bred for higher efficiency. C．It reuses bacteria in a circular system to reduce waste. D．It focuses merely on recovering precious metals like gold and silver. 46．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To compare traditional gold mining with urban mining in terms of efficiency and environmental impact. B．To highlight the economic and environmental challenges of gold mining and electronic waste management. C．To introduce bioleaching as an innovative and sustainable solution for electronic waste recycling. D．To advocate for banning all forms of gold mining and electronic waste production. （2024-2025 学年高二上・河北区・期末） Imagine shopping for clothes online and being able to run your hand across the screen of your computer or smartphone to feel the materials. That kind of simulation (仿真) technology could be available within the next five years. “We’re talking about reinventing how computers interact with humans,” said Bernie Meyerson, IBM Vice President. Extending our sense of touch is one of the innovations that IBM believes will change the world in the next five years, according to the company’s annual “Five in Five” list. Smart machines will also be able to listen to the environment and highlight the sounds we care about most. For instance, an advanced speech recognition (识别) system will tell new parents why their baby is crying. This kind of thing is not possible today, but with an advanced enough system, it’s actually possible. In the near future, personal computers will be able to do more than recognize images and visual data. Their built-in cameras will be able to analyze features such as colors, and understand the meaning of visual media, such as knowing how to sort family photos. Smart machines will also be able to smell. If you sneeze (打喷嚏) on your computer or cellphone, tiny sensors (传感器) in the machine will be able to analyze thousands of molecules (分子) in your breath. “It can give you an alarm and says, ‘Hey, you are probably sick, go to see your doctor immediately.’” Meyerson says. Mark Maloo is a computer science professor from Georgetown University. He hopes the advances will encourage more students to study science, technology, engineering and math, preparing them to play a crucial part in future innovations. He believes there’s little doubt that advances in computer technology over the next five years will make what now seems like science fiction a part of our everyday lives. 56．In the future, if you buy clothes online, you may ________ A．turn to your computer for some advice B．save a lot of money by using a smartphone C．ask your computer to make the decision for you D．feel the materials of the clothes by touching the screen 57．How will a smart machine figure out that you are probably sick? A．By referring your condition to doctors. B．By sneezing your computer or cellphone. C．By asking you to describe how you feel. D．By analyzing the thousands of molecules in your breath. 58．According to the passage, which of the following is true? A．Smart machines can serve as an assistant to help comfort the crying children. B．IBM attaches importance to the interaction between computers and humans. C．Personal computers can understand the meaning of visual media at present. D．Smart machines can help you make an appointment with the doctors. 59．What can we infer from the passage? A．Personal computers can only be used to recognize images. B．Extending the sense of touch is the key research of Mark Maloo. C．Students will probably play an important role in future innovatious. D．The advanced speech recognition system is already available now. 60．The purpose of the passage is to show us ________ A．how smart machines will replace humans B．how technology will change our lives in the future C．how to go shopping with the help of the Internet D．why IBM wants to invent these smart machines 主题02 人与社会——历史社会与文化 （2024-2025 学年高二上・和平区・期末） It seems that there is no middle ground when it comes to cats. People either love them or hate them. These feelings are not new either. All through history, cats have been worshiped or hated. A study of ancient evidence indicates that for the past 5,000 years, cats have been kept as pets. This may not seem very long compared to the fact that dogs have been domesticated for 50,000 years, and it has definitely had its high and low points. Cats were at their highest position of domesticated life in ancient Egypt. There were more cats living in Egypt during the time of the pharaohs (法老) than in any other place in the world since that time. This high concentration of cats was probably due to the laws protecting the animal. Cats were associated with the moon goddess, so the Egyptians worshiped them as holy animals. If anyone was caught killing a cat, the person could be put to death. This respect for cats carried over to the Roman Empire where cats were the only animals allowed into temples. This fact was probably due to the ability of cats to keep the temples free of mice and rats. With the coming of the Dark Ages in Europe, the place of cats in society took a turn for the worse. Cats had a reputation as helpers of witches. When a person was accused of being a witch, a cat would often be put on trial with the person. The cat would be tortured (拷问) to try and make the person tell the truth, and usually the cat and the person would end up being burned in a bonfire (篝火) or drowned. Bonfires of collected cats were not uncommon during this time. The days of hunting witches have ended, but a few myths about cats still hold out. Many people today continue to believe that black cats are bad luck. If a black cat walks in front of a person, that person must take extra care in the near future to watch out for dangerous situations. Regardless superstition (迷信), cats remain a popular pet today. Some authorities on cats maintain that a cat can never truly be domesticated because it may turn wild and run away at any time. However, this claim has not discouraged people from keeping cats in their homes. One-third of homes in the United States have cats, and one out of every three of these homes keeps both a dog and a cat. Especially in large cities, many people in apartments have found that cats make much better pets when compared to dogs. 38．Why were cats highly respected in ancient Egypt? A．Because they were excellent hunters of mice and rats. B．Because they were associated with the moon goddess. C．Because they were the only animals allowed into temples. D．Because they had a high concentration in Egypt. 39．What happened to cats during the Dark Ages in Europe? A．Cats were often treated as witnesses in witch trials. B．Cats were often put on trial with accused witches. C．Cats were innocent and protected from harm. D．Cats were considered unlucky and subject to punishment. 40．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．More people prefer dogs over cats as their pets nowadays. B．People are not influenced by superstition when choosing pets. C．Cats are becoming less popular as other pets in urban areas. D．All families in the United States have at least one cat. 41．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Cats’ relationship with humans throughout history. B．The scientific evidence to support the domestication of cats. C．People’s mixed feelings about cats among different countries. D．The challenges faced by cat owners in modern cities. 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 （2024-2025 学年高二上・滨海新区・期末） There comes a point when a thing becomes too much. It might be at the end of the meal when that final slice of pizza turns you from “comfortably full” to “ergh”; when the car karaoke goes from being huge fun to a throat-aching chore; or when you’ve been playing video games for hours and your eyes start to burn. The fact that humans have unstoppable thirsts and appetites is not new wisdom. It’s found in Ancient Greece and in most of the world’s philosophies today. But in the Swedish idea of lagom, it has been given fresh life. Lagom means trying to find balance rather than constantly grasping for more, which stands in sharp contrast to American culture. There are two separate aspects of lagom. The first is a kind of social awareness that recognizes that what we do affects other people. If you take three cookies from the plate, two other people aren’t going to get one. The second, however, is a mental shift that finds contentment in satisfaction. Many of us have the idea that bigger means better, that a bank balance means status, and that excess means happiness. Lagom, though, is to enjoy the “just right”, appreciating that sometimes less really is more. After all, talking to a friend over a coffee is nice. But meeting with ten friends after ten coffees does not make things better. So, how are we to apply lagom to our lives? I’m sure your childhood is treasured with great holiday memories and brilliant getaways, but chances are that your fondest, deepest memories were those spent simply at home. You do not have to pay lots of money or travel for hours to have fun. A cheaply cooked meal and some old-worn pajamas (睡衣) are “just enough” to have fun. There are other ways we can apply lagom, from how often we see our friends to how much we buy to live sustainably. But the most profound element of lagom is simply to rest and relax when a thing feels good. Simple pleasures do not mean simple humans. 46．According to Paragraph 1, “too much” will eventually lead to ________. A．excitement or pride B．depression or anxiety C．satisfaction or enjoyment D．discomfort or regret 47．What does the American culture encourage based on the text? A．Chasing more wealth. B．Living a simple life. C．Seeking only basic needs. D．Striving for constant success. 48．What does the underlined word “excess” most likely mean in Paragraph 3? A．Harmony. B．Limited amount. C．Enough. D．Too much. 49．By writing the passage, the author intends to ________. A．encourage us to pursue the material wealth B．show us that lagom is an extreme way of life C．invite us to appreciate what we have and find balance in life D．highlight that simple pleasures lead to a successful life 50．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Wisdom of Lagom: Redefining Philosophy B．Swedish Lagom: Balance and Happiness C．Lagom and Social Awareness: Sharing and Caring D．Understanding Lagom: Influence of Swedish Culture （2024-2025 学年高二上・天津一中・期末） In modern society, the pursuit of happiness has become a central concern for many people. Happiness is no longer seen as a simple state of mind but as a measurable goal that must be achieved. The rise of self-help books, motivational seminars, and even happiness apps reflects our growing obsession with achieving a happy life. But is this persistent pursuit of happiness truly making us happier, or is it creating more pressure to meet unrealistic expectations? One of the primary challenges of pursuing happiness is that people often mistake it for external achievements such as wealth, social status, or material possessions. Research suggests that while these factors can provide temporary pleasure, they rarely result in lasting satisfaction. Psychologists have found that the concept of “hedonic adaptation”-the tendency to quickly return to a baseline level of happiness after positive or negative changes-explains why material gains often fail to bring enduring happiness. True happiness, experts argue, comes not from chasing external markers of success but from cultivating a mindset of gratitude and contentment. This involves appreciating the present moment and focusing on personal growth rather than external validation (外界的肯定). For example, studies show that people who regularly practice gratitude experience higher levels of well-being, regardless of their financial or social circumstances. Moreover, the pressure to “be happy” can sometimes have the opposite effect. Constantly comparing oneself to others, or feeling guilty for not being happy, can lead to anxiety and dissatisfaction. Instead of striving for happiness as an end goal, psychologists recommend embracing a balanced life that includes meaningful relationships, purposeful work, and time for self-reflection. Ultimately, happiness is not a destination but a journey. It is shaped by how we choose to perceive and respond to the world around us. By focusing less on what we lack and more on what we already have, we can find joy in the everyday moments that make life worthwhile. 47．What does the concept of “hedonic adaptation” explain? A．Why people struggle to achieve happiness. B．How happiness levels vary across individuals. C．How gratitude can improve well-being. D．Why material possessions bring only temporary pleasure. 48．What contributes most to true happiness according to Paragraph 3? A．Gaining wealth and social status as a permanent goal. B．Practicing gratitude and committing to self-development. C．Setting high expectations for yourself and your friends. D．Evaluating your financial achievements in comparison to others. 49．Which of the following actions would most likely go against psychologists’ advice on achieving happiness? A．Arranging a weekly family dinner where everyone shares their highs and lows. B．Writing down thoughts and feelings in a journal to better understand your emotions. C．Buying expensive items as compensation for skipping your kids’ milestone events D．Dedicating time to offer free medical advice in your community as a doctor. 50．What is the central message of the passage regarding happiness? A．True happiness lies in celebrating the charm of daily life. B．Material success is the foundation of lasting happiness. C．Comparing oneself to others leads to greater fulfillment. D．External recognition is the ultimate source of happiness. 主题04 人与自然——生态自然与环境保护 （2024-2025 学年高二上・南开中学・期末） In late spring and early summer each year, tens of millions of butterflies come out of their chrysalises (蚕蛹) in the butterfly valley in southwest China’s Yunnan province. For butterfly expert Yang Zhenwen, it is the busiest time of the year, but he greets it with great enthusiasm. Before the break of dawn, Yang has already arrived at the observation point, diligently tending to the needs of the awakening butterflies. “Due to warmer temperatures, the ‘butterfly explosion’ this year — occurred slightly — earlier than usual, and the size of the butterflies is larger than that in previous years,” said 46-year-old Yang, curator (馆长) of the butterfly valley museum. “We expect that there will be about 80 million to 100 million butterflies in the valley during this year’s ‘butterfly explosion’. That seems so crazy,” said Yang. According to Yang, in the valley, more than 320 butterfly species have been identified in specimens or photographs, including the rarest, most primitive, largest and smallest butterflies in China. Besides Yang, many local villages have also assumed the role of butterfly guardians. However, the journey toward achieving human-butterfly harmony was far from easy. Some two decades ago, the villagers had little awareness of butterfly protection, believing wrongly that butterflies could endanger their food crops. They viewed them as pests that should be removed. In 1998, Yang began his journey at the agricultural science station in Ma’an’dí Township, the very place where the butterfly valley lies. “It was there that I got into a frequent dilemma — the local villagers, seeking to protect their crops, would often turn to pesticides to kill the butterflies,” he said. “However, my sincere love for these creatures forced me to prevent them from harming the delicate insects.” Now, the development of ecotourism relying on butterfly resources has successfully transformed the once impoverished (贫困的) township. More villagers have started engaging in butterfly breeding. “Protecting the forests, conserving water sources and preserving butterflies have become conscious actions within the local community,” said Yang. He describes the butterfly valley as a “dream-making machine”, which extends the “butterfly dream” of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. 41．What role does Yang Zhenwen play in the butterfly valley? A．He is a researcher studying the butterfly population. B．He is the curator of the butterfly valley museum. C．He is a local villager who helps with butterfly conservation. D．He is a government official responsible for the valley’s management. 42．What can we infer about the butterflies from paragraph 2? A．They mostly die in their first two months. B．They are more active right before night falls. C．They tend to grow up better in warm temperatures. D．They appear in large numbers mostly in early June. 43．What has happened to Ma’an’di Township so far? A．It has killed most of the butterfly species. B．It has become richer thanks to ecotourism. C．It has attached more importance to food crops. D．It has applied more pesticides to their food crops. 44．What does Yang Zhenwen mean when he talks about the “butterfly dream”? A．The wish to become an expert on butterflies. B．The vision of living in harmony with nature. C．The goal of having a museum dedicated to butterflies. D．The ambition to increase the variety of butterflies in the area. 45．Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Changing the Poor State of a Town B．Volunteering as a Butterfly Guardian C．Helping Butterflies Spread Their Wings D．Developing a Relationship with the Locals 主题05 人与自我——做人与做事 （2024-2025 学年高二上・红桥区・期末） You have everything you think you need for your dream job, but could something else be holding you back? You possess hard skills for the job, but you may lack soft skills. Hard skills are things that are measurable and technical. A master’s degree in business is a hard skill. The ability to speak Spanish is a hard skill. Many specific qualifications for a job are hard skills, such as years of work experience or proficiency (精通) with particular computer programs. On the other hand, soft skills are harder to define. And they can’t be defined. And they can’t be measured. Soft skills cover a wide range of characteristics that you can work on for a lifetime but some of the most common — and most necessary for success — include being a good listener and speaker, a wise leader, a problem solver, a strong communicator or a team player. It’s also helpful if you can accept feedback, settle conflicts with others, deal with difficult people or be flexible. These soft skills are what many employers desire. Soft skills benefit you in many ways. Being a good listener, for example, is very helpful if you’re a doctor. Being flexible, a team player and a problem solver help you succeed when dealing with deadlines. Soft skills are something extra that help a particular person to success. Being able to show you possess them could make a difference in landing a job you’ll love, or being more successful in the job you already have. They make the difference between someone who is just OK at their job and someone who is outstanding, the person you always want on your team. In general, soft skills make you more likable and more competent. Soft skills are what can set people apart from each other on resumes or in job interviews, but soft skills don’t come naturally. 36．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Hard Skills Differ from Soft Skills B．Soft Skills Can Be Learnt at School C．Soft Skills Needed in Workplace D．Soft Skills Matter to Your Success at Work 37．Which of the following belongs to hard skills? A．Having a good command of English. B．Communicating with others efficiently. C．Being good at expressing oneself. D．Being able to solve problems. 38．Which of the following is TRUE about soft skills? A．They are measurable and technical. B．They are taught in many universities. C．They are desired by many employers. D．They are specific job qualifications. 39．What are the benefits of soft skills? A．They help doctors become more skilled. B．They help game players win the game. C．They make workers’ promotion faster. D．They make you more likable and more competent. 40．What will be probably talked about following the last paragraph? A．Why soft skills are important. B．How soft skills are developed. C．Where soft skills are applied. D．What the key soft skills are. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（说明文+议论文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 （2024-2025 学年高二上・河东区・期末） An elephant in a South Korean zoo is using his trunk to pick up not only food, but also human vocabulary. An international team of scientists confirmed Friday what the Everland Zoo has been saying for years: Their 5.5-ton elephant Koshik has an unusual talent. The 22-year-old Asian elephant can reproduce five Korean words by putting his trunk inside his mouth to imitate sound. Scientists said he may have started imitating human speech because he was lonely. One of the researchers said there is no conclusive evidence that Koshik understands the sounds he makes, although the elephant does respond to words like “anja (sit down)” and “nuwo (lie down).” Koshik is particularly good with vowels (元音), with a rate of similarity of 67 percent, the researchers said. For consonants (辅音) he scores only 21 percent. Researchers said the clearest scientific evidence that Koshik is deliberately imitating human speech is that the sound frequency of his words matches that of his trainers. Vocal imitation of other species has been found in mockingbirds, parrots and mynahs. But the paper says Koshik’s case represents “a wholly new method of vocal production” because he uses his trunk to reproduce human speech. In 1983, zoo officials in Kazakhstan reportedly claimed that a teenage elephant named Batyr could reproduce Russian to “say” 20 phrases, including “Batyr is good.” But there was no scientific study on the claim. Researchers believe Koshik learned to reproduce words out of a desire to bond with his trainers after he was separated from two other elephants at age 5. Oh Suk-hun, who co-authored the research paper with Stoeger-Horwath and Mietchen, said the elephant apparently started imitating human speech to win the trust of his trainers. Kim Jong-gab, Koshik’s chief trainer, said the elephant was timid for a male when he first came to the Everland Zoo, so trainers often slept in the same area with him. Kim thinks that contact helped Koshik feel closer to humans. 46．What do we know about Koshik? A．He is a newcomer to the zoo. B．His talent has been discovered recently. C．His imitation of consonants is not so good. D．He began to imitate human speech at age 5. 47．Which of the following statements is right? A．Batyr is less clever than Koshik B．it is common to see elephants imitate C．elephants are good at imitating human speech D．Koshik’s talent is really unusual among elephants 48．According to the scientists, Koshik imitated human speech ________. A．from zoo visitors B．to fight loneliness C．with the help of his trainers D．for the purpose of performance 49．The underlined word “timid” in the last paragraph probably means _________. A．shy B．friendly C．cold D．proud 50．What would be the best title for the text? A．Clever animals B．Speech experts C．Talking elephant D．Talkative species 【答案】46．C 47．D 48．B 49．A 50．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲了韩国一个动物园一头大象会模仿人说简单的话，这个特点让它成为名副其实的“会说话的大象”，它成了动物爱好者和儿童中的明星。 46．细节理解题。由第五段“Koshik is particularly good with vowels (元音), with a rate of similarity of 67 percent, the researchers said. For consonants (辅音) he scores only 21 percent. (研究人员表示，Koshik尤其擅长元音，相似率为67%。辅音方面，它的分数只有21%)”可知，Koshik对辅音的模仿不是很好。故选C项。 47．细节理解题。由第二段中“Their 5.5-ton elephant Koshik has an unusual talent. (他们5.5吨重的大象Koshik有着不同寻常的天赋)”可知，Koshik的天赋在大象中真的很不寻常，D项正确。故选D项。 48．细节理解题。由第三段中“Scientists said he may have started imitating human speech because he was lonely. (科学家表示，Koshik可能是因为孤独而开始模仿人类语言的)”可知，Koshik模仿人类语言可能是为了与孤独作斗争。故选B项。 49．词句猜测题。由最后一段中“Kim Jong-gab, Koshik’s chief trainer, said the elephant was timid for a male when he first came to the Everland Zoo, so trainers often slept in the same area with him. (Koshik的首席驯兽师Kim Jong-gab说，当这头大象第一次来到Everland动物园时，它对雄性来说timid，所以驯兽师经常和它睡在同一个地方)”可知，Koshik首次来到Everland动物园，应该对环境是陌生的，驯兽师经常和它睡在同一个地方，可得出Koshik那时很胆小，划线词意为“shy (怕生的、胆小的)”。故选A项。 50．主旨大意题。由第一段“An elephant in a South Korean zoo is using his trunk to pick up not only food, but also human vocabulary. (韩国动物园里的一头大象不仅用鼻子捡食物，还会学习人类的词汇)”和下文内容可知，本文主要讲了韩国一个动物园一头大象会模仿人说简单的话，这个特点让它成为名副其实的“会说话的大象”，它成了动物爱好者和儿童中的明星，C项“会说话的大象”符合。故选C项。 （2024-2025 学年高二上・南开中学・期末） Overcoming learning disabilities has long been a challenge for educators and students alike. However, recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have shown promise in revolutionizing the way we approach education for students with learning disabilities. One of the most significant ways AI can assist is through the use of adaptive learning systems. These systems use algorithms to analyze a student’s performance and adjust the learning content and pace accordingly. This personalized approach allows them to progress at their own pace, without feeling overwhelmed or left behind. Furthermore, adaptive learning systems can identify areas where a student may be struggling and provide targeted support. Another way AI can support them is through natural language processing (NLP) technology. NLP enables computers to understand and interpret human language, allowing AI-powered tools to provide real-time feedback on a student’s written work. This can be particularly beneficial for students with dyslexia, who often struggle with spelling, grammar, and sentence structure. By providing immediate feedback, students can identify and correct their mistakes, leading to improved writing skills and increased confidence. AI can also play a role in developing their social and emotional skills. Many students with learning disabilities experience social isolation AI-powered social robots can recognize and respond to human emotions, allowing students to engage in interactive conversations and activities that help develop their social and emotional intelligence. While the potential benefits of AI in education are clear, it is essential to recognize AI isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution. Educators must carefully consider the moral implications of using AI in the classroom and ensure these tools are used responsibly and with the best interests of the students in mind. Moreover, it is crucial to remember AI shouldn’t replace human educators but rather serve as a tool to enhance and support their efforts. Teachers play a vital role by providing empathy, understanding, and guidance that cannot be reproduced by a machine. By combining the power of AI with the skills and compassion of human educators, we can create a more inclusive and effective educational environment for all students. 46．How can adaptive systems help students with learning disabilities? A．By adjusting their learning methods. B．By analyzing their learning abilities. C．By satisfying their curiosity in learning. D．By offering personalized learning assistance. 47．What does the underlined word “dyslexia” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．A mental illness affecting human intelligence. B．A brain disease leading to lack of confidence in study. C．A language-related skill applied in the learning process. D．A learning disorder involving difficulty in reading and writing. 48．What is the value of AI-powered social robots? A．Engaging students in learning activities. B．Assisting learners to overcome social isolation. C．Narrowing the social distance between people. D．Helping learners adopt effective reading strategies. 49．What does the author say about AI in the last paragraph? A．It can guarantee learners’ data security. B．It can meet a wide range of learning needs. C．It can’t create an inclusive learning environment. D．It can’t provide understanding like human educators. 50．According to the article, which of the following is not considered an advantage of AI in education? A．Providing personalized learning support. B．Boosting students’ social and emotional skills. C．Offering writing feedback through NLP technology. D．Making human educators unnecessary in the classroom. 【答案】46．D 47．D 48．B 49．D 50．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人工智能（AI）技术在帮助有学习障碍的学生方面的作用，包括自适应学习系统、自然语言处理技术以及在发展社交和情感技能方面的作用，但同时也指出AI不是万能的，不能取代人类教育者。 46．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“These systems use algorithms to analyze a student’s performance and adjust the learning content and pace accordingly. This personalized approach allows them to progress at their own pace, without feeling overwhelmed or left behind. (这些系统利用算法分析学生的表现，并据此调整学习内容和进度。这种个性化的方法允许他们按照自己的速度进步，而不会感到不知所措或被落下。)”可知，自适应系统通过提供个性化的学习帮助来帮助有学习障碍的学生，故选D项。 47．词句猜测题。根据第三段“NLP enables computers to understand and interpret human language, allowing AI - powered tools to provide real - time feedback on a student’s written work. This can be particularly beneficial for students with…, who often struggle with spelling, grammar, and sentence structure. (自然语言处理使计算机能够理解和解释人类语言，使人工智能工具能够对学生的书面作业提供实时反馈。这对患有……的学生特别有益，他们经常在拼写、语法和句子结构方面存在困难。)”可知这些学生经常在拼写、语法和句子结构方面存在困难，可推理出dyslexia是一种涉及阅读和写作困难的学习障碍，故选D项。 48．细节理解题。根据第四段“Many students with learning disabilities experience social isolation. AI - powered social robots can recognize and respond to human emotions, allowing students to engage in interactive conversations and activities that help develop their social and emotional intelligence. (许多有学习障碍的学生经历社交孤立。人工智能驱动的社交机器人能够识别和回应人类情感，让学生参与互动对话和活动，有助于发展他们的社交和情感智力。)”可知，人工智能驱动的社交机器人的价值在于帮助学习者克服社交孤立，故选B项。 49．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Teachers play a vital role by providing empathy, understanding, and guidance that cannot be reproduced by a machine. (教师通过提供机器无法复制的同理心、理解和指导发挥着至关重要的作用。)”可知，作者在最后一段指出人工智能不能像人类教育者那样提供理解，故选D项。 50．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Moreover, it is crucial to remember AI shouldn’t replace human educators but rather serve as a tool to enhance and support their efforts. (此外，至关重要的是要记住，人工智能不应该取代人类教育者，而应该作为一种工具来加强和支持他们的努力。)”可知，使人类教育者在课堂上变得不必要不是人工智能在教育中的优势，故选D项。 Do you think artificial intelligence (AI) should be banned in schools? To improve the new development of education, experts and officials believe that generative AI tools should be safely and appropriately applied in schools rather than being banned. Zheng Qinghua, president of Tongji University, emphasized the importance of taking the opportunities and meeting challenges presented by AI-empowered education. He suggested that young people should be guided to improve their understanding of the knowledge created by technology. Meanwhile, their motivation for learning should also be encouraged. AI technology has become increasingly important for getting and spreading knowledge, impacting teaching, learning, and school management. Zheng emphasized the widespread use of various models such as Emie Bot, an AI chatbot product developed by Baidu, among college students in China. The tool can write essays, solve science problems, and help students with assignments and tests. Furthermore, a survey conducted by the online learning platform Study showed that 89 percent of students had used ChatGPT for homework assistance, raising concerns about academic honesty. Instead of merely relying on AI to provide answers or complete homework and tests, people should focus on using AI to develop students’ innovation and integrate professional skills, enabling them to solve real-world problems, said Zheng. According to Colin Bailey, president of Queen Mary University of London, as ChatGPT grows rapidly, the focus should not be on whether to use AI in education, but on how to use it safely, effectively, and appropriately. Banning AI in schools is not the solution, Bailey concluded. Bailey also warned about the potential harm caused by poorly designed AI. Efforts to regulate (监管) AI have come out around the world, such as the Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights in the US and a pro-innovation approach to AI regulation in the UK. In China, measures for managing generative AI services have been carried out. Chen Jie, vice-minister of education, emphasized the need for cooperation among education and research institutions to address AI-related issues like privacy leaks and bias. 51．What is Zheng Qinghua’s attitude towards using AI in education? A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 52．What is the primary concern raised by the survey conducted by Study? A．The privacy leaks of using AI tools. B．Dishonest behavior in the students’ homework. C．The students’ reliance on AI tools to learn. D．The students’ preference for AI chatbots to human teachers. 53．What is Colin Bailey’s suggestion on AI tools in schools? A．Prohibiting them due to academic issues. B．Protecting them from the potential harm. C．Applying them in a proper and efficient way. D．Using them without restrictions. 54．The underlined word “address” in the last paragraph can be replaced by ______. A．Tackle B．React C．Wipe D．Mount 55．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The unique approach of China in regulating AI. B．The global agreement on the ban of AI in education. C．The worldwide efforts to establish regulations on AI services. D．The international cooperation in addressing AI-related issues. 【答案】51．A 52．B 53．C 54．A 55．C 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人工智能在教育领域的应用及其带来的机遇和挑战，对AI技术在教育中的使用提出了建议和规范，并指出了全球范围内对AI技术监管所进行的努力。 51．推理判断题。根据第二段“Zheng Qinghua, president of Tongji University, emphasized the importance of taking the opportunities and meeting challenges presented by AI-empowered education. (同济大学校长郑清华强调，要抓住机遇，迎接人工智能教育带来的挑战。)”和第三段“Zheng emphasized the widespread use of various models such as Emie Bot, an AI chatbot product developed by Baidu, among college students in China. (郑强调了各种模型在中国大学生中的广泛使用，例如百度开发的人工智能聊天机器人产品Emie Bot。)”可推知，郑清华对在教育中使用人工智能持支持态度。故选A。 52．细节理解题。根据第四段“Furthermore, a survey conducted by the online learning platform Study showed that 89 percent of students had used ChatGPT for homework assistance, raising concerns about academic honesty. (此外，在线学习平台Study进行的一项调查显示，89%的学生曾使用ChatGPT帮助完成作业，这引发了人们对学术诚信的担忧。)”可知，由Study进行的调查主要担忧的是学生在家庭作业中不诚信的行为。故选B。 53．细节理解题。根据第五段“According to Colin Bailey, president of Queen Mary University of London, as ChatGPT grows rapidly, the focus should not be on whether to use AI in education, but on how to use it safely, effectively, and appropriately. (伦敦玛丽女王大学校长Colin Bailey表示，随着ChatGPT的迅速发展，重点不应放在是否在教育中使用人工智能上，而应放在如何安全、有效和恰当地使用它上。)”可知，Colin Bailey建议在学校教育中，要正确有效地使用人工智能。故选C。 54．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“In China, measures for managing generative AI services have been carried out. (在中国，已经实施了管理生成式人工智能服务的措施。)”和划线词所在句“Chen Jie, vice-minister of education, emphasized the need for cooperation among education and research institutions to address AI-related issues like privacy leaks and bias. (教育部副部长陈杰强调，教育和研究机构之间需要合作，以address与人工智能相关的问题，如隐私泄露和偏见。)”可知，教育和研究机构之间合作，应该是要去解决如隐私泄露、偏见之类的与人工智能相关的问题，从而更好地监管人工智能服务，故address表示“解决”。故选A。 55．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Efforts to regulate AI have come out around the world, such as the Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights in the US and a pro-innovation approach to AI regulation in the UK. In China, measures for managing generative AI services have been carried out. (世界各地都在努力监管人工智能，比如美国的人工智能权利法案蓝图，以及英国支持创新的人工智能监管方法。在中国，已经实施了管理生成式人工智能服务的措施。)”可知，该段主要讲介绍了全球在建立人工智能服务监管规定方面做出的努力。故选C。 主题02 人与社会——历史社会与文化 （2024-2025 学年高二上・河东区・期末） At one American high school, Ivan Baumwell watched a friend print out the answers to a history test in tiny type and tape them inside her water bottle. Devon Watts opened her watch before an exam and put a cheat sheet in front of the watch face. One method was even more original. Trevor Snell watched another student hollow out (挖空) an apple and put the answers to a physics test inside. These students were among the dozens across the country who talked about their experiences with cheating. Everyone interviewed said that cheating was widespread in his or her school. The majority admitted cheating at some point themselves. According to a national survey of 8,600 students, 71 percent of American teenagers admitted cheating on at least one exam within the last year. (Ten years earlier the figure was 60 percent.) So why is the United States becoming a nation of cheaters? Kent Petrino says. “Teachers need to pay more attention if they want to stop students from cheating. A lot of kids cheat because they know they won’t get caught doing it.” It’s not surprising that teachers reject this excuse. “Our job is to teach and not to be police officers. I really think parents have to teach this to their kids. And kids need to monitor themselves,” says Kent’s teacher. Judy Carrico. Students know that if they cheat, they risk punishment. If they are caught, the school may tell their parents. They may also ban the students from attending school for a period of time or give an automatic failing grade. Are there any additional long-term consequences? “Of course there are,” says Laura Mills. “Cheaters are just cheating themselves out of skills they need.” Josephson, an official in an education authority agrees. “Do we really want the next generation of doctors and airplane pilots to be people who cheated their way through school?” he asks. 51．What’s Paragraph 1 mainly about? A．How common cheating is in high school. B．Examples of cheating in school. C．The original ways of cheating. D．Why students cheat. 52．Every student interviewed ________. A．agreed that cheating was not a big deal B．admitted that they had cheated in an exam C．admitted that they had been caught cheating D．agreed that cheating was common in their schools 53．According to Kent Petrino, who should be responsible for students’ cheating? A．Parents. B．Students. C．School teachers. D．Education authorities. 54．We can infer from the last paragraph that cheating ________. A．is hard to prevent B．is acceptable sometimes C．can lead to serious results D．can be reduced by punishing cheaters 55．What can we learn from the text? A．Cheating is an increasing problem. B．Cheaters should be sent to the police. C．Grading standard can influence cheating. D．Teachers are ignoring students’ obvious cheating. 【答案】51．B 52．D 53．C 54．C 55．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国学生作弊现象的普遍性及其影响。 51．主旨大意题。由文章第一段中“At one American high school, Ivan Baumwell watched a friend print out the answers to a history test in tiny type and tape them inside her water bottle. Devon Watts opened her watch before an exam and put a cheat sheet in front of the watch face. One method was even more original. Trevor Snell watched another student hollow out (挖空) an apple and put the answers to a physics test inside. (在一所美国高中里，伊凡·鲍姆威尔目睹了一个朋友将历史考试答案以极小字号打印出来，并贴在她的水瓶里面。德温·沃茨在考试前打开手表盖，把手表表盘前放了一张小抄。还有一种方法更为新奇。特雷弗·斯奈尔看到一个学生把苹果挖空，把物理考试的答案放了进去。)”可知，文章第一段主要介绍了几个学生在学校作弊的例子。故选B。 52．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Everyone interviewed said that cheating was widespread in his or her school. (每个接受采访的人都表示，在他们各自的学校里，作弊现象十分普遍。)”可知，每个接受采访的学生都认为作弊在他们学校是普遍存在的。故选D。 53．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Kent Petrino says. “Teachers need to pay more attention if they want to stop students from cheating. A lot of kids cheat because they know they won’t get caught doing it.” (肯特·佩特里诺说。“如果老师想阻止学生作弊，他们需要更加关注。很多孩子作弊是因为他们知道自己不会被抓到。”)”可知，肯特·佩特里诺认为老师应该对学生作弊负责。故选C。 54．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中““Do we really want the next generation of doctors and airplane pilots to be people who cheated their way through school?” he asks. (他问道：“我们真的希望下一代医生和飞行员是通过作弊完成学业的人吗？”)”可知，作弊会带来严重的后果。故选C。 55．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“According to a national survey of 8,600 students, 71 percent of American teenagers admitted cheating on at least one exam within the last year. (Ten years earlier the figure was 60 percent.) (根据一项针对8600名学生的全国性调查，71%的美国青少年承认在过去一年中至少在一次考试中作弊。（十年前，这一数字为60%。）)”可知，作弊是一个日益严重的问题。故选A。 （2024-2025 学年高二上・西青区・期末） It’s human nature to enjoy playing. From board games to sports, games have been a significant part of human culture for a very long time. Since their invention in the mid-20th century, video games have become one of the most popular ways to have fun. In 2018, UK games spent an average of over seven hours a week playing, according to research by global network provider Limelight. But how much is too much? When does fun turn into an addiction? Are we addicted to video games? “The strong desire to play never disappears,” said Sean - not his real name - on the BBC’s Victoria Derbyshire programme. His deep interest in gaming once led him to play for 48 hours straight. It consumed him to the point where he neglected his family and children, spending all his time on gaming and ignoring their needs, which ultimately led to losing them, his job, and his home. Since then, he has entered a rehabilitation center, and although he slipped back into gaming once or twice, he has been doing well for the last 14 months. Sean is not alone. The UK Addiction Treatment group reported that the number of people seeking treatment for gaming addiction grew from four in 2014 to 22 in 2018. In 2018, the World Health Organization classified gaming addiction as an illness. In the UK, an investigation into technology addiction by the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Select Committee included statements from people who said they were addicted to games. One, Matus Mikus, said, “games are naturally addictive.” However, the association for UK Interactive Entertainment told the committee that there was not enough evidence to support the claim of addiction. They argued that gaming could be beneficial, for example, by developing thinking skills. In fact, in a 2018 BBC article, Dr. Rajin Chowdhury, who works in an aesthetic and intensive care at Sheffield Teaching Hospital, shared a similar view. Gaming, he said, made him more skillful with his hands, improved his ability to use his hands and eyes together effectively, and helped with operations performed remotely by looking at a screen, especially when the controls were complex. Are video games addictive? The answer is unclear. As with many things, balance is important. The games themselves may not be the problem, but letting them negatively impact our lives certainly is. With that in mind, play well, have fun, and remember to take regular breaks. 46．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To criticize the impact of video games on society. B．To introduce the topic of video games and their popularity. C．To provide information about how much people play games. D．To explain the history of video games. 47．The underlined word “neglected” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”. A．Ignored B．Supported C．Watched D．Disliked 48．What does the third paragraph mainly discuss? A．The benefits of gaming. B．The popularity of video games. C．The fun of playing video games. D．The rise in gaming addiction cases. 49．What does the association claim about gaming? A．It is harmful. B．It causes addiction. C．It has benefits. D．It is expensive. 50．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Video Games: A New Form of Entertainment B．Video Games: Addiction or Benefit? C．The Dark Side of Video Game Addiction D．How to Deal with Video Game Addiction 【答案】46．B 47．A 48．D 49．C 50．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨电子游戏是会让人成瘾还是有益，强调玩游戏需把握平衡。 46．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s human nature to enjoy playing. From board games to sports, games have been a significant part of human culture for a very long time. Since their invention in the mid-20th century, video games have become one of the most popular ways to have fun. In 2018, UK games spent an average of over seven hours a week playing, according to research by global network provider Limelight. But how much is too much? When does fun turn into an addiction? Are we addicted to video games? (享受玩耍是人的天性。从棋盘游戏到体育运动，很长一段时间以来，游戏一直是人类文化的重要组成部分。自20世纪中叶发明以来，电子游戏已成为最受欢迎的娱乐方式之一。根据全球网络提供商Limelight的研究，2018年，英国游戏平均每周玩7个多小时。但多少才算太多？什么时候乐趣变成了瘾？我们沉迷于电子游戏吗？)”可知，作者先介绍了电子游戏自 20 世纪中期发明以来变得非常流行，还提到英国人每周玩游戏的时长，最后提出关于玩游戏是否成瘾等问题。所以第一段目的是引入电子游戏及其流行程度的话题。故选B项。 47．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线句后文“spending all his time on gaming and ignoring their needs (他把所有的时间都花在游戏上，忽视了他们的需求)”可知，这里指他把所有时间都花在玩游戏上，不顾家人和孩子的需求，所以neglected意思应是“忽视”的意思，与ignored同义。故选A项。 48．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The UK Addiction Treatment group reported that the number of people seeking treatment for gaming addiction grew from four in 2014 to 22 in 2018. In 2018, the World Health Organization classified gaming addiction as an illness. (英国成瘾治疗组织报告称，寻求游戏成瘾治疗的人数从2014年的4人增加到2018年的22人。2018年，世界卫生组织将游戏成瘾列为一种疾病。)”可知，该段主要讲述了英国寻求游戏成瘾治疗的人数增长以及世界卫生组织将游戏成瘾列为疾病，即主要讨论游戏成瘾案例的增加。故选D项。 49．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, the association for UK Interactive Entertainment told the committee that there was not enough evidence to support the claim of addiction. They argued that gaming could be beneficial, for example, by developing thinking skills. (然而，英国互动娱乐协会告诉委员会，没有足够的证据支持成瘾的说法。他们认为，游戏可能是有益的，例如，通过发展思维技能。)”可知，该协会声称没有足够证据证明游戏成瘾，且认为游戏有益，比如能培养思维技能。故选C项。 50．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章既讲述了像Sean这样游戏成瘾带来的不良后果，如失去家庭、工作和住所等，也提到了协会及一些人认为游戏有益的观点，如能培养思维技能、提高手眼协调能力等，所以文章围绕游戏成瘾和益处两方面展开讨论。故选B项。 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 （2024-2025 学年高二上・河西区・期末） A lot of people think that college is all about getting good grades, but there are a lot of other things you could be doing to make your college experience more pleasant. Always make study friends It’s way better to study with someone else rather than by yourself! If you have trouble focusing when studying, this will keep you off your phone and any other distractions, and you will feel the responsibility of actually studying since another person’s time is at stake. Make sure you are arranging study sessions with the people in your class. You can make group chats through different platforms for you to meet in the library or online. Attend your professors’ office hours Professors always have an enormous influence on your educational path. So, make sure they are getting to know you both as a person and as a student. Therefore, office hours are the perfect time for you to come to ask questions and show an interest in their class. Even if you don’t have good grades, it shows that you are trying hard, and they love that. Check your email Please make sure you have a valid email address. Almost everything you do in college will involve your email. This is how most professors and every other person in the university community will communicate with you and vice versa (反之亦然). Review the material that you didn’t understand Let’s be real: There are two or three days a week when we just feel out of it. We often simply feel a lot of tiredness and very little motivation. It becomes very hard for us to learn something new or remember it. That is OK and every college student feels this way sometimes! The important thing here is how we make up for the lost time to still have good grades in our classes, and I can give you a very easy strategy to follow. The key is to review the topic or material you were supposed to understand in class later that same day. Please do this! 31．Study friends play an important role in________. A．attracting your attention when you have trouble focusing B．driving you to devote more time and attention to your studies C．helping you arrange study sessions with your classmates D．making group chats for you to meet in person or online 32．Why importance should be attached to professors’ office hours? A．Because it is a good time for professors to leave a deep impression on you. B．Because you can show how good your grades are during the hours. C．Because it is a good chance for professors to further understand you. D．Because it is when you can share your interests with the professors. 33．What is the purpose of having a valid email address? A．To help students get in touch with their families. B．To keep students informed of school affairs. C．To collect useful information for the email users. D．To make it easier for others on campus to contact you. 34．What does the author suggest students do to achieve high scores in classes? A．Go over the topic or material later that day. B．Take enough rest and be motivated all the time. C．Consult the professors during office hours. D．Try to make up for the lost time as much as possible. 35．Who will probably find this passage most helpful? A．Working staff in colleges. B．Senior students in universities. C．Would-be college students. D．High school teachers and students. 【答案】31．B 32．C 33．D 34．A 35．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了让你的大学经历更愉快的其他事情。 31．细节理解题。由Always make study friends中的“It’s way better to study with someone else rather than by yourself! If you have trouble focusing when studying, this will keep you off your phone and any other distractions, and you will feel the responsibility of actually studying since another person’s time is at stake. (和别人一起学习比自己学习要好得多！如果你在学习时注意力不集中，这会让你远离手机和任何其他分心的事情，你会感到有责任真正学习，因为别人的时间岌岌可危)”可知，学习的朋友在“促使你在学习上投入更多的时间和注意力”上扮演着重要的角色。故选B项。 32．细节理解题。由Attend your professors’ office hours中的“So, make sure they are getting to know you both as a person and as a student. Therefore, office hours are the perfect time for you to come to ask questions and show an interest in their class. (所以，确保他们了解你，无论是作为一个人还是作为一个学生。因此，办公时间是你来提问并对他们的课堂表现出兴趣的最佳时间)”可知，要重视教授的办公时间，是因为这是教授们进一步了解你的好机会。故选C项。 33．细节理解题。由Check your email中的“This is how most professors and every other person in the university community will communicate with you and vice versa (反之亦然). (这就是大多数教授和大学社区的其他人与你交流的方式，反之亦然)”可知，拥有一个有效的电子邮件地址的目的是为了让校园里的其他人更容易与你联系。故选D项。 34．细节理解题。由Review the material that you didn’t understand中第二段的“The key is to review the topic or material you were supposed to understand in class later that same day. (关键是在当天晚些时候复习你应该在课堂上理解的主题或材料)”可知，作者建议学生通过在当天晚些时候复习上过的主题或材料在课堂上取得高分。故选A项。 35．推理判断题。由第一段“A lot of people think that college is all about getting good grades, but there are a lot of other things you could be doing to make your college experience more pleasant .(很多人认为大学就是为了取得好成绩，但你还可以做很多其他事情来让你的大学经历更愉快)”和Review the material that you didn’t understand中第一段的“That is OK and every college student feels this way sometimes! (这没关系，每个大学生有时都会有这种感觉)”可知，大学里的高年级学生可能会觉得这段话最有帮助。故选B项。 主题04 人与自然——生态自然与环境保护 （2024-2025 学年高二上・部分区・期末） We do all sorts of things to attract birds to our yards-from feeders to the right kinds of plants. Sometimes these glimpses are all too quick, or we miss the birds totally because we’re off doing other things. Luckily, there’s a way to enjoy the birds even while you’re not looking. The Bird Photo Booth device captures (拍摄) birds as they land on a feeding dish, giving you an image of the creature in its natural setting. The Bird Photo Booth uses a motion sensor to activate a camera. When a bird sits on a feeding bowl connected to a small lever, the camera starts taking pictures and videos, which can be sent to another device. This way of getting up close and personal with birds appealed to Lisa. When she moved to the United States, she saw birds she hadn’t seen before. She had married into a birdwatcher family and her academic background is in wildlife documentaries, so she was curious to get closer to the birds that were visiting her yard. She set up the photo booth, along with nest boxes equipped with cameras. Additionally, she and her family made their garden as wildlife-friendly as possible giving up pesticides (杀虫剂) and making planting choices that benefit bugs and insects. The device has given Lisa exactly the sort of experience she wanted. She said that she’s seen somewhere around 30 different species. “Going through my photos each day is an everyday pleasure that I would not want to miss in my life,” she said. The pictures are more than just a fun hobby for Lisa, however. She shares them online. “Learning more about nature is always a good thing, and this is an easy way to get into that. So for whoever is interested in seeing their birds closer, I would recommend it,” she continued. “The Bird Photo Booth may not be for those who are not tech-savvy (精通技术的) or who have big fingers.” Patience, of course, is also required. Even though you’ve set up the device, it doesn’t mean the birds will come flocking (聚集) over immediately. 56．Why might people miss seeing birds in their yards? A．The birds are always flying away. B．They are busy doing other things. C．The birds are not interested in the yard. D．The camera is usually out of control. 57．What is Para.2 mainly about? A．What the Bird Photo Booth is made up of. B．How the Bird Photo Booth attracts birds. C．How the Bird Photo Booth works. D．What makes the Bird Photo Booth outstanding. 58．How did Lisa keep her garden? A．By making it natural. B．By tidying it up regularly. C．By setting up hunting nets. D．By using chemicals to kill insects. 59．How did Lisa feel about her experience with the Bird Photo Booth? A．She was discouraged. B．She was surprised. C．She was satisfied. D．She was confused. 60．What can we learn about the Bird Photo Booth? A．It may disturb birds. B．It requires little tech knowledge. C．It can attract birds immediately. D．It helps people learn more about nature. 【答案】56．B 57．C 58．A 59．C 60．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了The Bird Photo Booth设备如何帮助人们观察和记录鸟类。 56．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Sometimes these glimpses are all too quick, or we miss the birds totally because we’re off doing other things. (但有时这些一瞥太过短暂，或者因为我们正在忙别的事情而完全错过了鸟类。)”可知，人们有时会错过院子里的鸟，是因为他们正忙着做其他事情。故选B。 57．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“The Bird Photo Booth uses a motion sensor to activate a camera. When a bird sits on a feeding bowl connected to a small lever, the camera starts taking pictures and videos, which can be sent to another device. (The Bird Photo Booth使用一个运动传感器来激活相机。当一只鸟坐在与一个小杠杆相连的喂食碗上时，相机会开始拍照和录像，这些照片和视频可以发送到另一个设备上。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了The Bird Photo Booth的工作原理，即The Bird Photo Booth是如何工作的。故选C。 58．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Additionally, she and her family made their garden as wildlife-friendly as possible giving up pesticides (杀虫剂) and making planting choices that benefit bugs and insects. (此外，她和家人还尽可能地让花园对野生动物友好，放弃使用杀虫剂，并选择对虫类和昆虫有益的植物。)”可知，Lisa是通过让她的花园更自然来保持她的花园的。故选A。 59．推理判断题。由文章第五段中“She said that she’s seen somewhere around 30 different species. “Going through my photos each day is an everyday pleasure that I would not want to miss in my life,” she said. (她说她在某个地方看到了大约30种不同的物种。她说：“每天浏览我的照片是我一生中不想错过的日常乐趣。”)”可知，Lisa对她的The Bird Photo Booth体验感到非常满意。故选C。 60．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Learning more about nature is always a good thing, and this is an easy way to get into that. (更多地了解自然总是一件好事，而这是一个很容易进入这个领域的方式。)”可知，使用The Bird Photo Booth可以帮助人们更多地了解大自然。故选D。 （2024-2025 学年高二上・河西区・期末） In the opinion of some people, the most direct, most touching, and easiest way of protecting wild animals, without doubt, is “the rescue of each individual wild animal”. On seeing a recovered bird return to the blue sky, they will feel moved with hot tears in the eyes. However, what is very easily ignored by them is that the value of protecting each individual wild animal usually does not lie in the individual wild animal itself but more frequently in the entire species behind each individual. In this aspect, this is different from the rescue of weak individuals in the human society. There are many differences between animals and human beings. According to biologist Richard Dawkins, the biggest difference possibly lies in that animals are short of social culture. But here, the culture refers to “the behavior pattern having nothing to do with heredity (遗传), but which may be copied and inherited (继承)”. Human beings depend on culture for heritage. As time passes by, the culture has been accumulated to distinguish one group from another. Therefore, the protection of culture is important and necessary. However, wild animals depend on genes for heritage, and therefore, it is important and necessary to keep natural genes in existence. As long as wild animals can pass genes down, the entire species survive. Therefore, wild animals value mostly lies in its gene, and the existence of the species is more important. The individual death cannot be avoided, but the gene may exist forever through the gene bank of the species, keeping the species existent. When we protect wild animal individuals, this is more a measure than a goal. Therefore, the Yellowstone Park has introduced the wolf to control the number of deer and get rid of the old, weak, sick and disabled. Such behavior is beyond imagination among human beings, but in the nature, this is completely normal and reasonable. We often observe wild animals with the judgment that we may have to human beings, ignoring their differences. But if species itself is not in danger, then working hard to protect the individual can do nothing good to the entire species. Of course for other reasons, we still hope to protect these individuals from death, but this does not belong to the narrow sense of animal protection. 41．In the opinion of Richard Dawkins, wild animals are different from human beings because ________. A．they depend on culture for existence in the world B．they have poorer social culture than human beings C．they have no behavior pattern related to heredity D．they can copy or inherit something from their parents 42．According to the text, how should we protect wild animals? A．By making their natural genes exist forever. B．By protecting every wild animal from death. C．By saving weak animal individuals. D．By passing the law to forbid killing wild animals. 43．The author uses the example of the Yellowstone Park in order to show ________. A．protecting wild animals is our goal B．how to kill those old, weak, sick and disabled deer C．protecting wild animal individuals is not a goal D．how to keep the balance between different species 44．The text is mainly developed by________. A．giving examples B．providing the explanation C．analyzing causes D．making comparisons 45．Which word can best describe the author’s attitude towards the measure of protecting deer? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Reserved. 【答案】41．B 42．A 43．C 44．D 45．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是野生动物保护的核心应在于维护物种基因的传承，而非单纯救助个体，并探讨了这一理念背后的科学依据和伦理考量。 41．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to biologist Richard Dawkins, the biggest difference possibly lies in that animals are short of social culture. But here, the culture refers to “the behavior pattern having nothing to do with heredity, but which may be copied and inherited”. (根据生物学家Richard Dawkins的观点，最大的区别可能在于动物缺乏社会文化。但这里所说的文化是指“与遗传无关，但却能够被复制和传承的行为模式”。)”可知，在Richard Dawkins看来，野生动物不同于人类是因为动物缺乏社会文化。故选B项。 42．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However, wild animals depend on genes for heritage, and therefore, it is important and necessary to keep natural genes in existence. As long as wild animals can pass genes down, the entire species survive. (然而，野生动物依赖基因进行遗传，因此保持自然基因的存在是重要且必要的。只要野生动物能够传递基因，整个物种就能够生存下去。)”可知，保护野生动物的自然基因永久存在是重要且必要的，所以，我们应该通过让他们的自然基因永远存在来保护野生动物。故选A项。 43．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“When we protect wild animal individuals, this is more a measure than a goal. (当我们保护野生动物个体时，这更像是一种手段而非目标。)”可知，保护野生动物个体是一种手段而不是目标，结合下文的“Therefore, the Yellowstone Park has introduced the wolf to control the number of deer and get rid of the old, weak, sick and disabled. Such behavior is beyond imagination among human beings, but in the nature, this is completely normal and reasonable. (因此，黄石公园引入了狼来控制鹿的数量，并淘汰老弱病残的个体。这种行为在人类社会中难以想象，但在自然界中，这是完全正常且合理的。)”可知，作者用这个例子来说明保护个体不是最终目标，而是为了维护生态系统的健康。故选C项。 44．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, what is very easily ignored by them is that the value of protecting each individual wild animal usually does not lie in the individual wild animal itself but more frequently in the entire species behind each individual. In this aspect, this is different from the rescue of weak individuals in the human society. (然而，他们很容易忽视的一点是，保护每一只野生动物的价值，往往不在于野生动物个体本身，而更多的是在于每只动物个体背后的整个物种。在这方面，这不同于人类社会对弱势个体的救助。)”可知，此处提出保护野生动物个体的价值不同于人类社会对弱势个体的救助，结合第四段中的“Human beings depend on culture for heritage. As time passes by, the culture has been accumulated to distinguish one group from another. Therefore, the protection of culture is important and necessary. However, wild animals depend on genes for heritage, and therefore, it is important and necessary to keep natural genes in existence. As long as wild animals can pass genes down, the entire species survive. (人类依靠文化作为遗产。随着时间的推移，文化已经积累起来区分一个群体和另一个群体。因此，保护文化是重要和必要的。然而，野生动物依赖基因进行遗传，因此，保持自然基因的存在是重要和必要的。只要野生动物能将基因传递下去，整个物种就能生存下来。)”可知，此处比较人类依赖文化和动物依赖基因进行传承的方式，由此可知，文章通过比较的方式阐述观点的。故选D项。 45．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“But if species itself is not in danger, then working hard to protect the individual can do nothing good to the entire species. Of course for other reasons, we still hope to protect these individuals from death, but this does not belong to the narrow sense of animal protection. (但是，如果物种本身没有危险，那么努力保护个体对整个物种没有任何好处。当然，出于其他原因，我们仍然希望保护这些个体免于死亡，但这并不属于狭义的动物保护。)”可知，作者认为虽然物种本身没有危险时，保护个体对整个物种并无益处，但是出于其他原因，仍希望保护个体免于死亡，由此可推断，作者对于保护鹿的措施持支持的态度。故选B项。 主题05 人与自我——做人与做事 （2024-2025 学年高二上・部分区・期末） My father worked for The New York Times. He started in the delivery department and worked his way up into accounting. In the end, he retired from his accounting job. His experience, working for one company his entire life, is very rare these days. I believe in the future, even working for just one company at any given time will be rare. The present structure of the employee-company relationship is 1-to-1. You work for one company and that company pays you. In the future the way we work and relationship structures will change. In fact, I am seeing it happening already. There are many people who are working for many companies. In most cases, the companies are not in competition, so there are no conflicts. I call this “employee sharing” or “work sharing”. The idea is similar to “time-sharing”. In the same way that people time-share vacation locations, companies will soon employee-share. This is not temp (临时雇员) work, but companies acquiring a share of a person’s available hours. For example, if your company needs a marketer, you can buy a share of a marketing professional’s time during the following week or month. These professionals will provide their expert knowledge and focus in that time paid. The key is to group all of these professionals in one place, a website, where a company can go and look for experts who have time available. You also get experts from around the world, so if you need a salesperson in Milan, you can time-share with that person. Lastly, the key is to make sure there is no conflict of interest. HR (human resources) and legal departments must get experienced in this area. The benefit to the professional is working for many companies, gaining experience, and keeping their interest continually energized. The benefit for the company is you use and pay for the skills you need, when you need them. 61．What do we know about the author’s father? A．He is an accountant now. B．He is highly valued by his company. C．He worked for one company his whole life. D．He did many part-time jobs to earn his living. 62．What can be learnt about work sharing? A．It is a one-to-many relationship. B．It is far from similar to time-sharing. C．It will cause competition among companies. D．It is a popular working style in part-time working fields. 63．How does Para.3 mainly develop? A．By stating a fact. B．By giving an example. C．By following the order of time. D．By explaining cause and effect. 64．What’s Para.4 mainly about? A．How to carry out work sharing. B．How to look for a salesperson. C．How to avoid conflicts among companies. D．How to time-share with an expert. 65．What does the last paragraph suggest? A．Work sharing may cause big conflicts. B．Work sharing should be set in one place. C．Work sharing will put an end to the HR department. D．Work sharing is good for both employees and companies. 【答案】61．C 62．A 63．B 64．A 65．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者对于未来工作模式变化的看法，介绍了“员工共享”或“工作共享”的概念，并对其运作方式和优势进行了阐述。 61．细节理解题。根据第一段中“His experience, working for one company his entire life, is very rare these days.(他的经历，一生只为一家公司工作，在如今是非常罕见的)”可知，作者的父亲一生只为一家公司工作。故选C项。 62．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The present structure of the employee-company relationship is 1-to-1. You work for one company and that company pays you. In the future the way we work and relationship structures will change. In fact, I am seeing it happening already. There are many people who are working for many companies.(员工与公司关系的现状是1对1。你为一家公司工作，那家公司给你报酬。在未来，我们的工作方式和关系结构将会改变。事实上，我已经看到它正在发生。有很多人正在为多家公司工作)”和“I call this “employee sharing” or “work sharing”.(我称之为“员工共享”或“工作共享”)”可知，工作共享是一种一对多的关系，即一个员工可以为多家公司工作。故选A项。 63．推理判断题。根据第三段中“For example, if your company needs a marketer, you can buy a share of a marketing professional’s time during the following week or month.(例如，如果你的公司需要一名市场营销人员，你可以在接下来的一周或一个月内购买一名市场营销专业人员的时间份额)”可知，本段主要通过举例子的方式来阐述工作共享的具体运作方式。故选B项。 64．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The key is to group all of these professionals in one place, a website, where a company can go and look for experts who have time available. You also get experts from around the world, so if you need a salesperson in Milan, you can time-share with that person.(关键是把这些专业人士集中在一个地方，一个网站上，这样公司就可以去那里寻找有时间可用的专家。你也有来自世界各地的专家，所以如果你在米兰需要一个销售人员，你可以和那个人分享时间)”可知，本段主要讲述的是如何进行工作共享，即把专业人士集中在一个网站上，以便公司寻找合适的专家。故选A项。 65．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The benefit to the professional is working for many companies, gaining experience, and keeping their interest continually energized.(对专业人士的好处是可以为多家公司工作，积累经验，并持续激发他们的兴趣)”和“The benefit for the company is you use and pay for the skills you need, when you need them.(对公司的好处是，你可以在需要的时候使用并支付你所需的技能)”可知，最后一段暗示了工作共享对员工和公司都有好处。故选D项。 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 （2024-2025 学年高二上・天津一中・期末） Gold mining has long been criticized for its environmental and economic challenges. It typically involves heavy machinery, poisonous chemicals, and vast amounts of water, all to extract (提取) minimal amounts of gold. For instance, processing a ton of ore (矿石) might produce as little as ten grams of gold. In contrast, urban mining, which recovers metals from electronic waste like printed circuit boards (PCBs), offers a significantly higher return. A ton of PCBs can produce over 150 grams of gold, along with other valuable metals like silver, copper, worth over $20, 000 per ton. Despite this, most electronic waste is not recycled properly. In 2022, the UN reported that only about 20% of the world’s 62 million tons of e-waste was formally recycled. Traditional methods for recycling PCBs, such as burning or using toxic (有毒的) chemicals, are highly polluting and energy-intensive, producing harmful emissions and toxic waste. To address these issues, scientists have turned to bioleaching (生物浸出), a cleaner and more sustainable alternative. Bioleaching uses bacteria, such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (氧化亚铁硫杆菌) to produce chemicals that dissolve metals into a solution. This process, first discovered over2, 000 years ago, became commercialized in the 1950s for extracting metals from mining waste. Modern bioleaching takes place in controlled environments, whore bacteria work under ideal conditions to digest metals in just a few days. Those dissolved metals can then be recovered using methods like electroplating (电镀) . Bioscope Technologies, a company based in England, has developed an advanced bioleaching plant capable of processing 1, 000 tons of PCBs annually. The plant operates in a closed-loop (环) system where bacteria are reused, minimizing waste. Besides extracting precious metals like gold and silver, the company also recycles plastics and fiberglass from PCBs. However, they are still improving the process to better recover non-precious metals like tin and zinc. As urban mining techniques improve, it could become an even more efficient and eco-friendly solution to the growing e-waste crisis. 43．What is one major reason traditional gold mining is considered environmentally harmful? A．It destroys the ecosystems where it takes place. B．It produces little gold compared to the resources used. C．It requires expensive machinery and skilled labor. D．It leads to too much soil erosion and water pollution. 44．Based on the third paragraph, what makes modern bioleaching more effective than traditional methods? A．The bacteria are genetically engineered to target specific metals. B．The process does not rely on oxygen or heat to function. C．It works well without the need for controlled environments. D．It requires less time and works efficiently under controlled conditions. 45．What is one unique feature of Bioscope Technologies’ bioleaching system? A．It is capable of fully recycling all components of PCBs. B．It uses bacteria that are specifically bred for higher efficiency. C．It reuses bacteria in a circular system to reduce waste. D．It focuses merely on recovering precious metals like gold and silver. 46．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To compare traditional gold mining with urban mining in terms of efficiency and environmental impact. B．To highlight the economic and environmental challenges of gold mining and electronic waste management. C．To introduce bioleaching as an innovative and sustainable solution for electronic waste recycling. D．To advocate for banning all forms of gold mining and electronic waste production. 【答案】43．B 44．D 45．C 46．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了城市采矿技术，尤其是生物浸出法的应用。 43．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Gold mining has long been criticized for its environmental and economic challenges. It typically involves heavy machinery, poisonous chemicals, and vast amounts of water, all to extract (提取) minimal amounts of gold. (金矿开采长期以来因其环境和经济挑战而受到批评。它通常涉及重型机械、有毒化学品和大量水资源，而所有这些只是为了提取极少量的黄金。)”可知，传统金矿开采被认为对环境有害的一个主要原因是它使用的资源多，但产出的黄金少。故选B。 44．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Modern bioleaching takes place in controlled environments, whore bacteria work under ideal conditions to digest metals in just a few days. Those dissolved metals can then be recovered using methods like electroplating (电镀) . (生物浸出利用细菌（如氧化亚铁硫杆菌）产生化学物质，将金属溶解成溶液。这一过程在2000多年前就已被发现，20世纪50年代开始实现商业化，用于从采矿废物中提取金属。现代生物浸出在受控环境中进行，细菌在理想条件下工作，只需几天就能消化金属。然后，可以使用电镀等方法回收这些溶解的金属。)”可知，现代生物浸出法之所以比传统方法更有效，是因为它需要的时间更少，并且在受控条件下工作效率高。故选D。 45．细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Bioscope Technologies, a company based in England, has developed an advanced bioleaching plant capable of processing 1, 000 tons of PCBs annually. The plant operates in a closed-loop (环) system where bacteria are reused, minimizing waste. (英国的一家公司——生物视野技术公司Bioscope Technologies开发了一座先进的生物浸出工厂，每年能够处理1000吨PCBs。该工厂采用闭环系统运行，细菌得以重复利用，从而将废物降至最低。)”可知，Bioscope Technologies公司的生物浸出系统的一个独特特点是它在循环系统中重复使用细菌以减少浪费。故选C。 46．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“To address these issues, scientists have turned to bioleaching (生物浸出), a cleaner and more sustainable alternative. (为了解决这些问题，科学家们转向了生物浸出这一更清洁、更可持续的替代方案。)”可知，文章主要为了介绍了生物浸出作为一种创新和可持续的电子废物回收解决方案。故选C。 （2024-2025 学年高二上・河北区・期末） Imagine shopping for clothes online and being able to run your hand across the screen of your computer or smartphone to feel the materials. That kind of simulation (仿真) technology could be available within the next five years. “We’re talking about reinventing how computers interact with humans,” said Bernie Meyerson, IBM Vice President. Extending our sense of touch is one of the innovations that IBM believes will change the world in the next five years, according to the company’s annual “Five in Five” list. Smart machines will also be able to listen to the environment and highlight the sounds we care about most. For instance, an advanced speech recognition (识别) system will tell new parents why their baby is crying. This kind of thing is not possible today, but with an advanced enough system, it’s actually possible. In the near future, personal computers will be able to do more than recognize images and visual data. Their built-in cameras will be able to analyze features such as colors, and understand the meaning of visual media, such as knowing how to sort family photos. Smart machines will also be able to smell. If you sneeze (打喷嚏) on your computer or cellphone, tiny sensors (传感器) in the machine will be able to analyze thousands of molecules (分子) in your breath. “It can give you an alarm and says, ‘Hey, you are probably sick, go to see your doctor immediately.’” Meyerson says. Mark Maloo is a computer science professor from Georgetown University. He hopes the advances will encourage more students to study science, technology, engineering and math, preparing them to play a crucial part in future innovations. He believes there’s little doubt that advances in computer technology over the next five years will make what now seems like science fiction a part of our everyday lives. 56．In the future, if you buy clothes online, you may ________ A．turn to your computer for some advice B．save a lot of money by using a smartphone C．ask your computer to make the decision for you D．feel the materials of the clothes by touching the screen 57．How will a smart machine figure out that you are probably sick? A．By referring your condition to doctors. B．By sneezing your computer or cellphone. C．By asking you to describe how you feel. D．By analyzing the thousands of molecules in your breath. 58．According to the passage, which of the following is true? A．Smart machines can serve as an assistant to help comfort the crying children. B．IBM attaches importance to the interaction between computers and humans. C．Personal computers can understand the meaning of visual media at present. D．Smart machines can help you make an appointment with the doctors. 59．What can we infer from the passage? A．Personal computers can only be used to recognize images. B．Extending the sense of touch is the key research of Mark Maloo. C．Students will probably play an important role in future innovatious. D．The advanced speech recognition system is already available now. 60．The purpose of the passage is to show us ________ A．how smart machines will replace humans B．how technology will change our lives in the future C．how to go shopping with the help of the Internet D．why IBM wants to invent these smart machines 【答案】56．D 57．D 58．B 59．C 60．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文简单介绍了未来五年内，计算机技术将如何创新发展，并指出这些进步将鼓励学生投身科技研究，未来这些如今看似科幻的技术将成为日常生活的一部分。 56．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Imagine shopping for clothes online and being able to run your hand across the screen of your computer or smartphone to feel the materials. That kind of simulation technology could be available within the next five years. (想象一下，在网上买衣服时，你可以在电脑或智能手机的屏幕上用手触摸材料。这种仿真技术可能在未来五年内实现)”可知，在未来，如果你在网上买衣服，可以通过触摸屏幕来感受衣服的材料。故选D项。 57．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“If you sneeze on your computer or cellphone, tiny sensors in the machine will be able to analyze thousands of molecules in your breath. ‘It can give you an alarm and says, “Hey, you are probably sick, go to see your doctor immediately.”’ Meyerson says. (如果你在电脑或手机上打喷嚏，机器里的小传感器就能分析你呼吸中的数千个分子。“它会给你发出警报说，‘嘿，你可能生病了，马上去看医生。’”Meyerson说)”可知，智能机器通过分析你呼吸中的数千个分子来判断你可能生病了。故选D项。 58．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“‘We’re talking about reinventing how computers interact with humans,’ said Bernie Meyerson, IBM Vice President. Extending our sense of touch is one of the innovations that IBM believes will change the world in the next five years, according to the company’s annual ‘Five in Five’ list.(IBM副总裁Bernie Meyerson说：“我们正在谈论如何重新发明计算机与人类的交互方式。”根据该公司的年度“五年计划”清单，扩展我们的触觉是IBM认为将在未来五年内改变世界的创新之一)”可知，IBM重视计算机与人类之间的交互。故选B项。 59．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Mark Maloo is a computer science professor from Georgetown University. He hopes the advances will encourage more students to study science, technology, engineering and math, preparing them to play a crucial part in future innovations.(Mark Maloo是乔治城大学的一位计算机科学教授。他希望这些进步能鼓励更多的学生学习科学、技术、工程和数学，为他们在未来创新中发挥关键作用做好准备)”可知，Mark Maloo希望科技的进步能够鼓励学生们学习科学、技术、工程和数学，为他们在未来创新中发挥关键作用做好准备。由此推断学生可能会在未来的创新中发挥重要作用。故选C项。 60．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Imagine shopping for clothes online and being able to run your hand across the screen of your computer or smartphone to feel the materials. That kind of simulation technology could be available within the next five years. (想象一下，在网上买衣服时，你可以在电脑或智能手机的屏幕上用手触摸材料。这种仿真技术可能在未来五年内实现)”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了未来技术可能给我们的生活带来的变化，如触觉仿真技术、智能机器能聆听环境声音并分析、个人电脑能分析视觉特征并理解视觉媒体的意义、智能机器能够嗅出气味并作出反应等。所以文章的目的是向我们展示技术如何在未来改变我们的生活。故选B项。 主题02 人与社会——历史社会与文化 （2024-2025 学年高二上・和平区・期末） It seems that there is no middle ground when it comes to cats. People either love them or hate them. These feelings are not new either. All through history, cats have been worshiped or hated. A study of ancient evidence indicates that for the past 5,000 years, cats have been kept as pets. This may not seem very long compared to the fact that dogs have been domesticated for 50,000 years, and it has definitely had its high and low points. Cats were at their highest position of domesticated life in ancient Egypt. There were more cats living in Egypt during the time of the pharaohs (法老) than in any other place in the world since that time. This high concentration of cats was probably due to the laws protecting the animal. Cats were associated with the moon goddess, so the Egyptians worshiped them as holy animals. If anyone was caught killing a cat, the person could be put to death. This respect for cats carried over to the Roman Empire where cats were the only animals allowed into temples. This fact was probably due to the ability of cats to keep the temples free of mice and rats. With the coming of the Dark Ages in Europe, the place of cats in society took a turn for the worse. Cats had a reputation as helpers of witches. When a person was accused of being a witch, a cat would often be put on trial with the person. The cat would be tortured (拷问) to try and make the person tell the truth, and usually the cat and the person would end up being burned in a bonfire (篝火) or drowned. Bonfires of collected cats were not uncommon during this time. The days of hunting witches have ended, but a few myths about cats still hold out. Many people today continue to believe that black cats are bad luck. If a black cat walks in front of a person, that person must take extra care in the near future to watch out for dangerous situations. Regardless superstition (迷信), cats remain a popular pet today. Some authorities on cats maintain that a cat can never truly be domesticated because it may turn wild and run away at any time. However, this claim has not discouraged people from keeping cats in their homes. One-third of homes in the United States have cats, and one out of every three of these homes keeps both a dog and a cat. Especially in large cities, many people in apartments have found that cats make much better pets when compared to dogs. 38．Why were cats highly respected in ancient Egypt? A．Because they were excellent hunters of mice and rats. B．Because they were associated with the moon goddess. C．Because they were the only animals allowed into temples. D．Because they had a high concentration in Egypt. 39．What happened to cats during the Dark Ages in Europe? A．Cats were often treated as witnesses in witch trials. B．Cats were often put on trial with accused witches. C．Cats were innocent and protected from harm. D．Cats were considered unlucky and subject to punishment. 40．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．More people prefer dogs over cats as their pets nowadays. B．People are not influenced by superstition when choosing pets. C．Cats are becoming less popular as other pets in urban areas. D．All families in the United States have at least one cat. 41．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Cats’ relationship with humans throughout history. B．The scientific evidence to support the domestication of cats. C．People’s mixed feelings about cats among different countries. D．The challenges faced by cat owners in modern cities. 【答案】38．B 39．B 40．B 41．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是猫在人类历史和社会中的地位变迁，以及与之相关的文化、信仰和迷信。 38．细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats were associated with the moon goddess, so the Egyptians worshiped them as holy animals.(猫与月亮女神联系在一起，所以埃及人把它们当作神圣的动物来崇拜)”可知，猫在古埃及很受尊敬是因为它们与月亮女神有关。故选B。 39．细节理解题。根据第三段“Cats had a reputation as helpers of witches. When a person was accused of being a witch, a cat would often be put on trial with the person.(猫被认为是女巫的帮手。当一个人被指控为女巫时，一只猫通常会和这个人一起受审)”可知，在欧洲的黑暗时代，猫经常和被指控为女巫的人一起受审。故选B。 40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Regardless superstition (迷信), cats remain a popular pet today.(抛开迷信，今天猫仍然是一种受欢迎的宠物)”可知，从最后一段可以推断出人们在选择宠物时不受迷信的影响。故选B。 41．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A study of ancient evidence indicates that for the past 5,000 years, cats have been kept as pets. This may not seem very long compared to the fact that dogs have been domesticated for 50,000 years, and it has definitely had its high and low points.(一项对古代证据的研究表明，在过去的5000年里，猫一直被当作宠物饲养。与狗被驯化了5万年的事实相比，这似乎不是很长，而且它肯定有高潮和低谷)”可知，本文主要讲的是猫与人类的关系以及猫在不同历史时期的社会地位，因此主旨大意是A选项“Cats’ relationship with humans throughout history.(历史上猫与人类的关系)”。故选A。 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 （2024-2025 学年高二上・滨海新区・期末） There comes a point when a thing becomes too much. It might be at the end of the meal when that final slice of pizza turns you from “comfortably full” to “ergh”; when the car karaoke goes from being huge fun to a throat-aching chore; or when you’ve been playing video games for hours and your eyes start to burn. The fact that humans have unstoppable thirsts and appetites is not new wisdom. It’s found in Ancient Greece and in most of the world’s philosophies today. But in the Swedish idea of lagom, it has been given fresh life. Lagom means trying to find balance rather than constantly grasping for more, which stands in sharp contrast to American culture. There are two separate aspects of lagom. The first is a kind of social awareness that recognizes that what we do affects other people. If you take three cookies from the plate, two other people aren’t going to get one. The second, however, is a mental shift that finds contentment in satisfaction. Many of us have the idea that bigger means better, that a bank balance means status, and that excess means happiness. Lagom, though, is to enjoy the “just right”, appreciating that sometimes less really is more. After all, talking to a friend over a coffee is nice. But meeting with ten friends after ten coffees does not make things better. So, how are we to apply lagom to our lives? I’m sure your childhood is treasured with great holiday memories and brilliant getaways, but chances are that your fondest, deepest memories were those spent simply at home. You do not have to pay lots of money or travel for hours to have fun. A cheaply cooked meal and some old-worn pajamas (睡衣) are “just enough” to have fun. There are other ways we can apply lagom, from how often we see our friends to how much we buy to live sustainably. But the most profound element of lagom is simply to rest and relax when a thing feels good. Simple pleasures do not mean simple humans. 46．According to Paragraph 1, “too much” will eventually lead to ________. A．excitement or pride B．depression or anxiety C．satisfaction or enjoyment D．discomfort or regret 47．What does the American culture encourage based on the text? A．Chasing more wealth. B．Living a simple life. C．Seeking only basic needs. D．Striving for constant success. 48．What does the underlined word “excess” most likely mean in Paragraph 3? A．Harmony. B．Limited amount. C．Enough. D．Too much. 49．By writing the passage, the author intends to ________. A．encourage us to pursue the material wealth B．show us that lagom is an extreme way of life C．invite us to appreciate what we have and find balance in life D．highlight that simple pleasures lead to a successful life 50．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Wisdom of Lagom: Redefining Philosophy B．Swedish Lagom: Balance and Happiness C．Lagom and Social Awareness: Sharing and Caring D．Understanding Lagom: Influence of Swedish Culture 【答案】46．D 47．A 48．D 49．C 50．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了瑞典的“适中”理念是一种适度的理念，这种适度能带来幸福，并介绍其具体体现在两个方面，以及如何将这种理念应用到生活中以获得简单的快乐。 46．推理判断题。根据第一段“It might be at the end of the meal when that final slice of pizza turns you from “comfortably full” to “ergh”; when the car karaoke goes from being huge fun to a throat-aching chore; or when you’ve been playing video games for hours and your eyes start to burn.(它可能是在餐后最后一块披萨让你从“舒服地吃饱了”变成“呕”，当汽车卡拉OK从巨大的乐趣变成喉咙痛的苦差事；或者当你玩了几个小时的电子游戏，你的眼睛开始发热)”可知，贪婪导致不适或后悔。故选D。 47．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Lagom means trying to find balance rather than constantly grasping for more, which stands in sharp contrast to American culture.(“适中”的意思是努力找到适度，而不是不断地追求更多，这与美国文化形成鲜明对比)”可知，美国文化鼓励追求更多财富。故选A。 48．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Many of us have the idea that bigger means better, that a bank balance means status, and that(我们中的许多人都认为越大越好，银行余额意味着地位)”可知，许多人认为越大越好，银行余额意味着地位，因此许多余额意味着幸福。故划线词意思是“太多，许多”。故选D。 49．推理判断题。根据第二段“The fact that humans have unstoppable thirsts and appetites is not new wisdom. It’s found in Ancient Greece and in most of the world’s philosophies today. But in the Swedish idea of lagom, it has been given fresh life. Lagom means trying to find balance rather than constantly grasping for more, which stands in sharp contrast to American culture.(人类有无法抑制的渴望和欲望这一事实并不是新的智慧。它在古希腊和当今世界上大多数哲学中都有发现。但在瑞典的“适中”观念中，它被赋予了新的生命。“适中”的意思是试图找到平衡，而不是不断地攫取更多，这与美国文化形成鲜明对比)”以及文章介绍了瑞典的“适中”理念是一种适度的理念，这种适度能带来幸福，并介绍其具体体现在两个方面，以及如何将这种理念应用到生活中以获得简单的快乐。可知，作者呼吁我们珍惜我们所拥有的，在生活中找到平衡。故选C。 50．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“But in the Swedish idea of lagom, it has been given fresh life. Lagom means trying to find balance rather than constantly grasping for more, which stands in sharp contrast to American culture.(但在瑞典的“适中”观念中，它被赋予了新的生命。“适中”的意思是努力找到适度，而不是不断地追求更多，这与美国文化形成鲜明对比)”可知，文章主要围绕瑞典的“适中”理念展开，阐述了这是一种适度的理念，这种适度能带来幸福，并介绍其具体体现在两个方面，以及如何将这种理念应用到生活中以获得简单的快乐。因此，B项“瑞典的‘适中’：适度与幸福”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B。 （2024-2025 学年高二上・天津一中・期末） In modern society, the pursuit of happiness has become a central concern for many people. Happiness is no longer seen as a simple state of mind but as a measurable goal that must be achieved. The rise of self-help books, motivational seminars, and even happiness apps reflects our growing obsession with achieving a happy life. But is this persistent pursuit of happiness truly making us happier, or is it creating more pressure to meet unrealistic expectations? One of the primary challenges of pursuing happiness is that people often mistake it for external achievements such as wealth, social status, or material possessions. Research suggests that while these factors can provide temporary pleasure, they rarely result in lasting satisfaction. Psychologists have found that the concept of “hedonic adaptation”-the tendency to quickly return to a baseline level of happiness after positive or negative changes-explains why material gains often fail to bring enduring happiness. True happiness, experts argue, comes not from chasing external markers of success but from cultivating a mindset of gratitude and contentment. This involves appreciating the present moment and focusing on personal growth rather than external validation (外界的肯定). For example, studies show that people who regularly practice gratitude experience higher levels of well-being, regardless of their financial or social circumstances. Moreover, the pressure to “be happy” can sometimes have the opposite effect. Constantly comparing oneself to others, or feeling guilty for not being happy, can lead to anxiety and dissatisfaction. Instead of striving for happiness as an end goal, psychologists recommend embracing a balanced life that includes meaningful relationships, purposeful work, and time for self-reflection. Ultimately, happiness is not a destination but a journey. It is shaped by how we choose to perceive and respond to the world around us. By focusing less on what we lack and more on what we already have, we can find joy in the everyday moments that make life worthwhile. 47．What does the concept of “hedonic adaptation” explain? A．Why people struggle to achieve happiness. B．How happiness levels vary across individuals. C．How gratitude can improve well-being. D．Why material possessions bring only temporary pleasure. 48．What contributes most to true happiness according to Paragraph 3? A．Gaining wealth and social status as a permanent goal. B．Practicing gratitude and committing to self-development. C．Setting high expectations for yourself and your friends. D．Evaluating your financial achievements in comparison to others. 49．Which of the following actions would most likely go against psychologists’ advice on achieving happiness? A．Arranging a weekly family dinner where everyone shares their highs and lows. B．Writing down thoughts and feelings in a journal to better understand your emotions. C．Buying expensive items as compensation for skipping your kids’ milestone events D．Dedicating time to offer free medical advice in your community as a doctor. 50．What is the central message of the passage regarding happiness? A．True happiness lies in celebrating the charm of daily life. B．Material success is the foundation of lasting happiness. C．Comparing oneself to others leads to greater fulfillment. D．External recognition is the ultimate source of happiness. 【答案】47．D 48．B 49．C 50．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了现代社会对幸福的追求及其带来的压力，提出真正的幸福源于感恩和满足的心态，而非外在成就。 47．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Psychologists have found that the concept of “hedonic adaptation”-the tendency to quickly return to a baseline level of happiness after positive or negative changes-explains why material gains often fail to bring enduring happiness. (心理学家发现，“享乐适应”的概念——即在积极或消极变化后迅速恢复到基线幸福水平的倾向——解释了为什么物质收获往往不能带来持久的幸福。)”可知，“享乐适应”的概念解释了为什么物质财富只能带来短暂的快乐。故选D。 48．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“True happiness, experts argue, comes not from chasing external markers of success but from cultivating a mindset of gratitude and contentment. This involves appreciating the present moment and focusing on personal growth rather than external validation (外界的肯定). (真正的幸福，专家认为，不是来自追求外部成功的标志，而是来自培养一种感恩和满足的心态。这包括珍惜当下，专注于个人成长，而不是外界的肯定。)”可知，真正的幸福来自于练习感恩和致力于自我发展。故选B。 49．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Instead of striving for happiness as an end goal, psychologists recommend embracing a balanced life that includes meaningful relationships, purposeful work, and time for self-reflection. (心理学家建议，不要把幸福作为最终目标去努力，而是要拥抱一种平衡的生活，其中包括有意义的人际关系、有目的的工作，以及自我反思的时间。)”可知，买昂贵的物品来弥补错过孩子的重要事件的行为与心理学家实现幸福的建议相违背。故选C。 50．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章最后一段中“Ultimately, happiness is not a destination but a journey. It is shaped by how we choose to perceive and respond to the world around us. By focusing less on what we lack and more on what we already have, we can find joy in the everyday moments that make life worthwhile. (最终，幸福不是一个目的地，而是一段旅程。它是由我们如何选择和感知周围的世界以及我们如何回应这个世界所决定的。少关注我们所缺少的，多关注我们已经拥有的，我们可以在让生活变得有价值的日常时刻中找到快乐。)”可知，所以文章关于幸福的中心信息是真正的幸福在于庆祝日常生活的魅力。故选A。 主题04 人与自然——生态自然与环境保护 （2024-2025 学年高二上・南开中学・期末） In late spring and early summer each year, tens of millions of butterflies come out of their chrysalises (蚕蛹) in the butterfly valley in southwest China’s Yunnan province. For butterfly expert Yang Zhenwen, it is the busiest time of the year, but he greets it with great enthusiasm. Before the break of dawn, Yang has already arrived at the observation point, diligently tending to the needs of the awakening butterflies. “Due to warmer temperatures, the ‘butterfly explosion’ this year — occurred slightly — earlier than usual, and the size of the butterflies is larger than that in previous years,” said 46-year-old Yang, curator (馆长) of the butterfly valley museum. “We expect that there will be about 80 million to 100 million butterflies in the valley during this year’s ‘butterfly explosion’. That seems so crazy,” said Yang. According to Yang, in the valley, more than 320 butterfly species have been identified in specimens or photographs, including the rarest, most primitive, largest and smallest butterflies in China. Besides Yang, many local villages have also assumed the role of butterfly guardians. However, the journey toward achieving human-butterfly harmony was far from easy. Some two decades ago, the villagers had little awareness of butterfly protection, believing wrongly that butterflies could endanger their food crops. They viewed them as pests that should be removed. In 1998, Yang began his journey at the agricultural science station in Ma’an’dí Township, the very place where the butterfly valley lies. “It was there that I got into a frequent dilemma — the local villagers, seeking to protect their crops, would often turn to pesticides to kill the butterflies,” he said. “However, my sincere love for these creatures forced me to prevent them from harming the delicate insects.” Now, the development of ecotourism relying on butterfly resources has successfully transformed the once impoverished (贫困的) township. More villagers have started engaging in butterfly breeding. “Protecting the forests, conserving water sources and preserving butterflies have become conscious actions within the local community,” said Yang. He describes the butterfly valley as a “dream-making machine”, which extends the “butterfly dream” of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. 41．What role does Yang Zhenwen play in the butterfly valley? A．He is a researcher studying the butterfly population. B．He is the curator of the butterfly valley museum. C．He is a local villager who helps with butterfly conservation. D．He is a government official responsible for the valley’s management. 42．What can we infer about the butterflies from paragraph 2? A．They mostly die in their first two months. B．They are more active right before night falls. C．They tend to grow up better in warm temperatures. D．They appear in large numbers mostly in early June. 43．What has happened to Ma’an’di Township so far? A．It has killed most of the butterfly species. B．It has become richer thanks to ecotourism. C．It has attached more importance to food crops. D．It has applied more pesticides to their food crops. 44．What does Yang Zhenwen mean when he talks about the “butterfly dream”? A．The wish to become an expert on butterflies. B．The vision of living in harmony with nature. C．The goal of having a museum dedicated to butterflies. D．The ambition to increase the variety of butterflies in the area. 45．Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Changing the Poor State of a Town B．Volunteering as a Butterfly Guardian C．Helping Butterflies Spread Their Wings D．Developing a Relationship with the Locals 【答案】41．B 42．C 43．B 44．B 45．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蝴蝶专家杨振文致力于蝴蝶谷的蝴蝶保护与生态旅游发展，促进了人类与自然和谐共生的故事。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段““Due to warmer temperatures, the ‘butterfly explosion’ this year — occurred slightly — earlier than usual, and the size of the butterflies is larger than that in previous years,” said 46-year-old Yang, curator (馆长) of the butterfly valley museum.(46岁的蝴蝶谷博物馆馆长杨振文说：‘由于气温较高，今年的蝴蝶大爆发比往年稍早，蝴蝶的体型也比往年大’。)”可知，杨振文是蝴蝶谷博物馆的馆长。故选B。 42．推理判断题。根据第二段“Due to warmer temperatures, the ‘butterfly explosion’ this year — occurred slightly — earlier than usual, and the size of the butterflies is larger than that in previous years.(由于气温较高，今年的蝴蝶大爆发比往年稍早，蝴蝶的体型也比往年大。)”可推断出，蝴蝶在温暖的气温下长得更好。故选C。 43．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now, the development of ecotourism relying on butterfly resources has successfully transformed the once impoverished (贫困的) township.(如今，依托蝴蝶资源的生态旅游发展已经成功改变了这个曾经贫困的乡镇。)”可知，马鞍底乡因为生态旅游变得更富裕了。故选B。 44．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He describes the butterfly valley as a “dream-making machine”, which extends the “butterfly dream” of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.(他把蝴蝶谷描述为一台‘造梦机器’，它延伸了人类与自然和谐共生的‘蝴蝶梦’。)”可知，杨振文所说的“蝴蝶梦”指的是与自然和谐共生的愿景。故选B。 45．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了蝴蝶专家杨振文致力于蝴蝶谷的蝴蝶保护与生态旅游发展，促进了人类与自然和谐共生的故事，选项C“帮助蝴蝶展翅飞翔”可以作为这篇文章的合适标题，它象征着通过保护蝴蝶和促进生态旅游，帮助蝴蝶在更广阔的环境中自由飞翔和繁衍，同时也带来了乡镇的经济繁荣和人与自然的和谐共生。故选C。 主题05 人与自我——做人与做事 （2024-2025 学年高二上・红桥区・期末） You have everything you think you need for your dream job, but could something else be holding you back? You possess hard skills for the job, but you may lack soft skills. Hard skills are things that are measurable and technical. A master’s degree in business is a hard skill. The ability to speak Spanish is a hard skill. Many specific qualifications for a job are hard skills, such as years of work experience or proficiency (精通) with particular computer programs. On the other hand, soft skills are harder to define. And they can’t be defined. And they can’t be measured. Soft skills cover a wide range of characteristics that you can work on for a lifetime but some of the most common — and most necessary for success — include being a good listener and speaker, a wise leader, a problem solver, a strong communicator or a team player. It’s also helpful if you can accept feedback, settle conflicts with others, deal with difficult people or be flexible. These soft skills are what many employers desire. Soft skills benefit you in many ways. Being a good listener, for example, is very helpful if you’re a doctor. Being flexible, a team player and a problem solver help you succeed when dealing with deadlines. Soft skills are something extra that help a particular person to success. Being able to show you possess them could make a difference in landing a job you’ll love, or being more successful in the job you already have. They make the difference between someone who is just OK at their job and someone who is outstanding, the person you always want on your team. In general, soft skills make you more likable and more competent. Soft skills are what can set people apart from each other on resumes or in job interviews, but soft skills don’t come naturally. 36．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Hard Skills Differ from Soft Skills B．Soft Skills Can Be Learnt at School C．Soft Skills Needed in Workplace D．Soft Skills Matter to Your Success at Work 37．Which of the following belongs to hard skills? A．Having a good command of English. B．Communicating with others efficiently. C．Being good at expressing oneself. D．Being able to solve problems. 38．Which of the following is TRUE about soft skills? A．They are measurable and technical. B．They are taught in many universities. C．They are desired by many employers. D．They are specific job qualifications. 39．What are the benefits of soft skills? A．They help doctors become more skilled. B．They help game players win the game. C．They make workers’ promotion faster. D．They make you more likable and more competent. 40．What will be probably talked about following the last paragraph? A．Why soft skills are important. B．How soft skills are developed. C．Where soft skills are applied. D．What the key soft skills are. 【答案】36．D 37．A 38．C 39．D 40．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者阐述了“软技能”对于事业成功的重要性。 36．主旨大意题。根据第一段“You possess hard skills for the job, but you may lack soft skills.(你拥有工作所需的硬技能，但可能缺乏软技能)”，第三段最后一句“ These soft skills are what many employers desire.(这些软技能是许多雇主所渴望的)”，第四段第一句“Soft skills benefit you in many ways. (软技能在很多方面对你都有好处)”和第五段第一句“Soft skills are something extra that help a particular person to success. (软技能是帮助一个人成功的额外技能)”可知，本文主要讲述“软技能”在你的职场成功中发挥重要的作用。选项D“软技能对你的工作成功很重要”最适合作本文标题。故选D。 37．推理判断题。根据第二段“The ability to speak Spanish is a hard skill.(讲西班牙语是一项“硬”技能)”可推知，精通英语也属于“硬技能”。故选A。 38．细节理解题。根据第三段“These soft skills are what many employers desire.(这些软技能是许多雇主所渴望的)”可知，很多雇主很渴望这些“软技能”。故选C。 39．细节理解题。根据第五段“In general, soft skills make you more likable and more competent.(一般来说，软技能会让你更讨人喜欢，更有能力)”可知，软技能让你更讨人喜欢，也更有能力。故选D。 40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Soft skills are what can set people apart from each other on resumes or in job interviews, but soft skills don’t come naturally.(软技能可以让简历或面试中的人与众不同，但软技能并非天生就有)”可推测出，接下来可能会讨论如何培养或提升这些并非天生就有的软技能。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $