Unit 4 Section Ⅴ Lesson 3（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册（北师大版）

本讲义聚焦议论文阅读与写作核心知识点，围绕“互联网对友谊的影响”主题，通过两篇对立观点文章呈现议论文结构，系统梳理核心词汇（如harm、replace的词性及拓展）、短语（focus on、in addition）及重点句型（make it + adj. + to do、It is...that...强调句），构建从语篇输入到语言知识再到技能练习的完整学习支架。 该资料以真实语境对立观点语篇为载体，融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如通过分析论证逻辑提升批判性思维，结合课文原句解析语法点增强语言运用能力。课中助力教师开展对比阅读教学，课后学生可借助词汇拓展、句型解析及练习题自主查漏补缺，有效提升学习效率。

Section Ⅴ　Lesson 3 [对应学生用书P24] The Internet Harms①Friendships [1]While the Internet can bring people closer together，it can also harm friendships. [1]此处While引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。 Firstly，[2]talking online is no replacement for face­to­face② contact—images really cannot replace③ a real­life smile or hug④.According to a parenting expert，Denise Daniels，communicating through a screen[3]makes it more difficult for children to concentrate⑤ or show kindness⑥ to others．[4]As we know，important social skills are developed through direct contact with other people.[5]It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong⑦ friendships. [2]此处为动名词短语作主语。 [3]本句中it作形式宾语，代替to concentrate or show kindness to others。 [4]此处as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”。 [5]本句为强调句，其结构为“it is＋被强调部分＋that...”。 Secondly，the Internet can make people self­centred—[6]not thinking of anyone or anything but themselves．For example，instead of having proper conversations with their friends，some people are only concerned⑧ with their online popularity⑨—How many “likes” did I get? How many followers do I have？—[7]though we know that the number of “likes” or followers cannot compare to⑩ having long­term and rewarding⑪ friendships.In addition⑫，a lot of the content⑬ posted on social media is shallow⑭ or trivial⑮.Posts about funny cat images do not necessarily⑯ help form meaningful⑰ relationships. [6]本句中的not...but...意为“不是……而是……”。 [7]本句中though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，其中含有that引导的宾语从句。 Thirdly，online relationships may not be[8]what they appear to be．Friendships are built on the basis⑱ of trust，and with online communication you can never be 100 percent⑲ sure[9]that the people you are chatting to is being honest about who they are．Because of⑳ this，going online can be particularly dangerous for people [10]who are easily influenced㉑ or too trusting． [8]本句中what引导表语从句，且在从句中作系动词be的表语。 [9]本句中that引导宾语从句，其中you are chatting to为省略关系代词 whom的定语从句，修饰先行词people。 [10]本句中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。 In my opinion㉒，friends should focus㉓ more on face­to­face communication，and less on online communication.This is the best way[11]to maintain㉔ healthy relationships． [11]此处动词不定式短语作定语，修饰名词way。 ——Robert The Internet Helps Friendships The Internet can help develop friendships in many ways. Firstly，the Internet makes communication much more convenient㉕.You can stay in touch with friends [12]no matter where you are or what you are doing．[13]Using a smartphone㉖，a tablet㉗ or a computer，you can be in contact㉘ at home and also[14]when you are on the move． [12]此处为“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……”。 [13]此处为现在分词短语作状语。 [14]此处为when引导的时间状语从句。 Secondly，the Internet has also made communication more fun.Traditional ways of communicating，like letters and phone calls，can be limiting㉙ and take time.However，you can share photos，videos，news stories and websites with your friends online.You can give a brief㉚ response to a message with an emoji㉛ or a picture.[15]There are so many online tools you can use to be creative㉜！ [15]本句为there be句型，其中you can use to be creative为省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词tools。 Thirdly，online communication can actually㉝ bring people closer to each other.Nowadays，your friends are just a click away.[16]Whenever someone needs help，friends from all over the world can immediately provide useful suggestions㉞ or information.This makes friends feel loved and cared for.To me，this is a very thought­provoking㉟ argument㊱，[17]as it points out the benefits of online friendships．As Eileen Kennedy­Moore，an authority㊲ on the subject，points out，online friends “fill holes real­life friends can't”． [16]此处Whenever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论何时……”。 [17]此处as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”。 Finally，I believe[18]the Internet brings people closer together and makes communication with friends more convenient and interesting． [18]此处为省略从属连词that的宾语从句，其中含有“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，意为“让与朋友的交流更加方便有趣”。 ——Cathy's Blog, ①harm vt.&n.伤害，损害 ②face­to­face adj.面对面的；当面的 ③replace vt.取代；接替 ④hug n.&vt.拥抱；紧抱 ⑤concentrate vi.专注，专心；集中注意力 ⑥kindness n.仁慈；好意；友好的行为 ⑦lifelong adj.终身的 ⑧concerned adj.关切的，关心的 be concerned with 关心…… ⑨popularity n.普及，流行 ⑩compare to 与……相比 ⑪rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的 ⑫addition n.增添；添加 in addition 除此之外 ⑬content n.内容 ⑭shallow adj.肤浅的，浅薄的 ⑮trivial adj.没有什么价值的；微不足道的 ⑯necessarily adv.必 要地；必定地，必然地 ⑰meaningful adj.有意义的；意味深长的 ⑱basis n.基础；基点 ⑲percent n.百分比；百分数 ⑳because of 因为；由于 ㉑influence vt.影响；改变；n.影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事 ㉒opinion n.意见；看法；主张 ㉓focus vi.给予某物关注 n.焦点 focus on 关注 ㉔maintain vt.保持；维持 ㉕convenient adj.方便的；近便的 ㉖smartphone n.智能手机 ㉗tablet n.平板电脑；药片；碑，牌 ㉘be in contact 保持联络 ㉙limiting adj.局限的，限制性的 ㉚brief adj.简洁的，简明的 ㉛emoji n.表情符号 ㉜creative adj.创造性的 ㉝actually adv.实际上；事实上 ㉞suggestion n.建议 ㉟thought­provoking adj.发人深省的，令人深思的 ㊱argument n.论点；论据 ㊲authority n.权威人士；专家 互联网对友谊有害 虽然互联网可以拉近人们的距离，但它也会伤害友谊。 首先，在网上聊天并不能代替面对面的交流——图片当然无法代替现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。根据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕交流会让孩子们更难集中注意力或对他人表示善意。众所周知，重要的社交技能是通过直接与他人接触培养的，正是这些技能使我们能够发展终生的友谊。 其次，互联网使人们以自我为中心，不去想除自己之外的任何人或任何事。例如，一些人不再和朋友好好地交谈了，他们只关心自己网上的人气——我得了多少个“赞”？多少人关注了我？——尽管我们知道有多少“赞”或关注者无法与拥有长期和有益的友谊相比。此外，很多发布在社交媒体上的内容都很肤浅或琐碎。在网上发布搞笑猫咪的图片并不一定会帮助我们发展有意义的关系。 第三，网络关系可能并不是它们看起来的样子。友谊建立在信任的基础上，通过线上交流，你永远不能百分之百地确信与你交谈的人是否以诚相待。因此，对于那些容易受影响或过于信任他人的人来说，上网尤其危险。 在我看来，朋友们应该多关注面对面的交流，少进行线上交流。这是保持健康关系的最佳方式。 互联网对友谊有益 互联网在很多方面都有助于友谊发展。 首先，互联网使交流更加便捷。无论你在哪里，在做什么，都可以和朋友保持联系。通过使用智能手机、平板电脑或电脑，无论你在家里还是在外面都能与他人联络。 其次，互联网也使交流变得更加有趣。传统的沟通方式，如信件和电话，限制条件较多，而且比较耗时。而通过互联网，你可以在线与朋友共享照片、视频、新闻故事和网站。你可以用一个表情符号或一张图片简短地回复信息。你可以使用这么多的在线工具，让交流变得有创意！ 第三，在线交流实际上可以让人们更亲近。现在，只要点一下鼠标，就能找到你的朋友。无论何时有人需要帮助，来自世界各地的朋友可以立即提供有用的建议和信息。这能让朋友们感到被爱和被关心。对我来说，这非常发人深省，因为它指出了线上友谊的好处。正如艾琳·肯尼迪·摩尔所指出的，网络朋友“填补了现实生活中朋友无法填补的空白”。 最后，我相信互联网能使人们更紧密地联系在一起，让与朋友的交流更加方便和有趣。 [对应学生用书P26] Ⅰ.重点单词 核心单词 1．rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的 2．content n.内容 3．authority n.权威人士，专家 4．shallow adj.肤浅的，浅薄的 5．percent n.百分比；百分数 6．opinion n.意见，看法，主张 7．focus vi.给予某物关注 n.焦点 8．maintain vt.保持，维持 9．smartphone n.智能手机 10．hug n.&vt.拥抱；紧抱 拓展单词 11．replace vt.取代；接替→replacement n.替换，更换；替代品；替补 12．concerned adj.关切的，关心的→concern n.担心(的事)；关心(的事)v.影响，涉及；使担忧；关心 13．addition n.增添，添加→additional adj.附加的，添加的→additionally adv.此外 14．harm n.&vt.损害；危害→ harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 15．argument n.争论；争辩；争吵→argue vt.& vi.讨论；辩论；争论 16．concentrate vi.& vt.集中；聚集→concentration n.集中 17．basis n.基础；根据→base v．以……为基础 n.基础→based adj.有根基的 18．limiting adj.局限的，限制性的→limit vt.限制→limited adj.有限制的，有限的→limitation n.限制，极限，限度 19．brief adj.简短的；简要的 n.摘要；大纲→briefly adv.简要地；短暂地 20．creative adj.有创造性的→create vt.塑造；创作→creation n.创作(物) Ⅱ.重点短语 1．focus on 关注 2．according to 根据 3．point out 指出 4．be concerned with 关心…… 5．in addition 除此之外 6．on the basis of 在……基础之上 7．stay in touch with 和……保持联系 8．on the move 在移动中 9．in many ways 在许多方面 10．instead of 相反，而不是 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．make＋it＋adj.＋to do为make的复合结构 According to a parenting expert，Denise Daniels，communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others． 据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯说，通过屏幕交流使孩子更难集中精力或善待他人。 2．It is...that...的强调句 It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships. 正是这些技能使我们能够发展终生的友谊。 [对应学生用书P27] Ⅰ.Read the text and choose the best answer. 1．What enables us to develop lifelong friendships? A．Communicating through a screen. B．Social skills developed through direct contact. C．Talking online. D．Advice from some parenting experts. 2．Friendships are built on ． A．the basis of trust B．online communication C．online popularity D．the number of likes 3．What is the same idea of Robert and Cathy? A．The Internet can harm friendships. B．The Internet has no effects on friendships. C．The Internet can help develop friendships. D．The Internet can bring people closer together. 4．Which one is a traditional way of communicating? A．A smartphone. B．A computer. C．A phone call. D．A tablet. 5．According to the text，why is going online particularly dangerous for people who are easily influenced or too trusting? Because ． A．most of the contents are very harmful to our eyes B．it is very harmful to our eyes C.the people online may not be honest D．it can cost us a lot of money 答案　1－5　BADCC Ⅱ.Judge the sentences are true(T) or false(F) according to the text. 1．The Internet can bring people closer without any harm to people.(　　) 2．We can talk online as we talk face to face.(　　) 3．Some people online care about their online popularity.(　　) 4．You can trust online people because they are honest.(　　) 5．To keep healthy relationship，you'd better carry out face­to­face talk and discussion.(　　) 答案　1－5　FFTFT [重点词汇] [对应学生用书P28] 1．harm vt.& n.伤害，损害　harmful adj.有害的 (1)do harm to...　损害…… There is no harm in doing sth　做某事没有坏处 (2)harmful adj.　有害的 be harmful to　对……有害 (3)harmless adj.　无害的 [经典佳句] Your smoking can do harm to/be harmful to the health of your children. 你吸烟会危及孩子的健康。 There is no harm in apologizing to him first. 先向他道歉没有什么坏处。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①The overall effects of the publicity have been beneficial than harmful(harm). ②The expert says the strange fruit does no harm to our health.In other words，it is harmless．(harm) ③It does no harm for you to get up early. →There is no harm in your getting up early. 2．replace vt.取代；接替；把……放回原处 replace sth with/by sth 　用……替换…… take the place of sb ＝take one's place　代替；替代 replacement n.　替换，更换；替代品；　替补 [经典佳句] It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced by/with computers in class. 人们普遍认为课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre­seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) ②Smartphones have taken the place of computers in our daily life. ③Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement (replace) of parents or social workers. ④It will be difficult to find a man to replace the present manager if he retires next month. →It will be difficult to find a man in place of the present manager if he retires next month. →It will be difficult to find a man to take the place of the present manager if he retires next month. 3．concentrate vi.专注，专心；集中注意力 (1)concentrate on (doing) sth 　专心(做)某事 concentrate one's mind/attention on　集中注意力于；致力于；专心于 (2)concentration n.　集中；专心 [经典佳句] He concentrated his mind on studying the history of Loulan. 他专注于研究楼兰的历史。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①We must concentrate our energies on treating(treat) addiction first. ②Then she concentrated on/upon jogging to the spot where the track curved (拐弯).After that，she tried to see if she could complete her first lap.(2024·浙江1月卷) ③We lacked concentration (concentrate) in yesterday's football match and it cost us the goal and the game. ④他将注意力全部集中在技术问题上。 a．He concentrated his attention on the question of technology. b．He fixed/focused his attention on the question of technology. 4．content n.内容；目录；容量；满足 adj.满足的；满意的 vt.使满足 (1)feel/be content with 　对……满足/满意 be content to do sth　满足于做某事 (2)content oneself with　满足于 [经典佳句] That rich man is tired of city life，so he is content to live in the country. 那位富人厌倦了城市生活，所以他愿意生活在乡下。 We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only. 我们永远不要仅仅满足于书本知识。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The Smiths are content to live (live) a simple life. ②She contented herself (her) with what she had achieved. ③My friend is quite content with his new job. ④The contents (content) of his suitcase are doubtful. ⑤那些满足于现状的人在生活中一定不会有大的作为。 a．Those who are content with their present situations will surely make no difference in life.(content adj.) b．Those who content themselves with their present situations will surely make no difference in life.(content v．) 5．in addition 除此之外 (1)in addition to 　除……之外 (2)add up　把……加起来 add sth to sth　把……加到/进……里 add up to　加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态) add to　增加；增添 add that...　补充说…… [经典佳句] These stoves are of high quality.In addition，the price is low. 这些炉子质量上乘。另外，价格低廉。 He added that he felt very sorry for not being able to come. 他补充说，他为自己不能来表示歉意。 [即学活用]　选词填空(in addition/in addition to)/完成句子 ①In addition to the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government's support. ②In addition，I have an old two­volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary，picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) ③Aunt Mary gave us sandwiches for our picnic and a bag of cookies in addition. ④他所受的全部学校教育加起来不过一年。 His whole school education added up to no more than one year. ⑤大雨增加了营救被掩埋群众的困难。 The heavy rain added to the difficulty in rescuing the buried people. 6．focus on 关注 (1)focus one's attention/eyes/energy on 集中注意力/目光/精力于…… (2)the focus of attention 　关注的焦点 in focus　焦点对准的；清晰的 out of focus　焦点没对准的；不清晰的 [经典佳句] It took her a lot of time to focus on preparing her classes and correcting her students' homework. 集中精力备课和批改学生的作业花费了她很多时间。 You'd better focus your attention on your studies. 你最好把你的注意力放在功课上。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①They taught me how to stay focused (focus) on my dream.They always believed in me. ②In some of the pictures the subjects are out of focus while the background is sharp. ③由于他在隔壁唱歌，我不能集中注意力看书。 a．I can't focus my attention on the book with him singing next door.(focus) b．I can't be absorbed in the book with him singing next door.(absorb) c．I can't concentrate (my attention) on the book with him singing next door.(concentrate) [重点句型] [对应学生用书P31] 1．(教材原文)According to a parenting expert，Denise Daniels，communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others. 据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯说，通过屏幕交流让孩子更难集中精力或善待他人。 (1)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that从句。 (2)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do。 (3)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。 [句式分析]　句中“makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show”为make复合结构。其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。 During that time，increasing environmental awareness made it desirable. 在那个时期，日益增长的环境意识，使人们对其(生态旅游)趋之若鹜。 The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。 He considered it important for him to learn spoken English well. 他认为学好英语口语对他来说是重要的。 I find it no use arguing with Bill because he never changes his mind. 我发现与比尔争辩没有用，因为他不会改变主意。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①He didn't make it clear when and where the sports meeting would be held. ②People in the west make it a rule to buy (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends. ③I think it is a good habit to get up early in the morning. →I think it a good habit to get up early in the morning. ④We find that it is easy to get along with him. →We find it easy to get along with him． 2．(教材原文)It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships. 正是这些技能才使我们能保持终生的友谊。 (1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。 (2)一般疑问句的强调句型：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？ (3)特殊疑问句的强调句型：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？ (4)not...until...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他部分。 [句式分析]　句中“It is...that...”为强调句型。其基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分”，本句中被强调部分为these skills。 (1)在强调句型中it本身没有实际意义，但不能被其他词代替；被强调部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等；被强调部分指人时，可用that/who，其他情况一律用that。 (2)判断是不是强调句型的方法：把It is/was和that去掉，看剩余部分的结构及语意是否完整，若完整，则为强调句型；若不完整，则不是。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? ②It was at 5 o'clock that the visitors finally arrived at Pudong International Airport. ③It was because we received beautiful birthday gifts that we jumped up and down in excitement.(读后续写之情感描写) ④直到作为交流生去了美国他才意识到学好英语的重要性。 a．He didn't realize the importance of learning English well until he went to America as an exchange student. b．It was not until he went to America as an exchange student that he realized the importance of learning English well.(强调句型) c．Not until he went to America as an exchange student did he realize the importance of learning English well.(倒装句) [对应学生用书P32] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．positive aspect　积极的方面 2．bring people closer together　把人们聚得更近 3．harm friendship　伤害友谊 4．communicate through　通过……交流 5．be concerned with/about one's popularity　关心某人的人气 6．make communication more fun　使交流更有趣 7．provide useful suggestions and information　提供有用的建议和信息 8．traditional ways of communication　传统的交流方式 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．(译林必修二U1)Today，I'll give you a brief introduction to some aspects (方面) of film­making you might not be familiar with. 2．Mental health experts show that positive(积极的) relationships can reduce stress，which is often linked to health issues. 3．Plus，just remind yourself to enjoy those meaningful(有意义的) moments with your loved ones! 4．Her novels have gained in popularity (流行，名气) over the recent years. 5．My friend always shows kindness to others (对别人显示出关爱) even if they are not good to him. 6．Hard and long practice enabled me to communicate (使我能够交流) with foreigners freely. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $