Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册（北师大版）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar [对应学生用书P14] 过去将来时和复合词 项目一　过去将来时 一、基本概念 过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。过去将来时常用“should/would＋动词原形”或“was/were going to＋动词原形”来表达。 过去将来时的基本特征，即“立足过去，着眼未来”。它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。但这个“将来”时间绝不会延伸到“现在”，而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。 [即学活用1]　画出下列句子中的过去将来时 示例：I asked if he would come and fix my TV set. ①He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris. ②They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier. ③I wish I would go with him to the cinema tonight. ④I was told that he was going to return home. ⑤He said that he would wait for me at the school gate. 二、语法规则 1．过去将来时可以表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。 He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop. 他说他要在车站等我们的。 Whenever we had trouble，he would come to help us. 每当我们遇到困难时，他总会给予帮助。 She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn't exist.(2024·浙江1月卷) 她决定记住她的班级在哪里，然后假装其他地方都不存在。 2．条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn't work hard. 老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。 3．was/were going to do表示“准备、计划做某事”，或“将要发生某事”。 We were going to go to the cinema when the phone rang. 我们正准备去电影院，这时电话响了。 表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would。 三、其他结构 1．was/were about to do这种结构表示“正要、即将做某事”；was/were on the point of doing这种结构表示“正要……时”。 I couldn't go to Tom's birthday party as I was about to go to hospital. 我不能参加汤姆的生日晚会，因为我要去医院。 He was on the point of leaving when we came in. 我们进来时，他正要动身。 2．go，come，leave，take off等少数动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况；was/were to do表示曾计划做某事。 A lot of people were coming to watch the fireworks. 有许多人要来观看焰火。 She told her mother that she was going to a dance with Tom. 她告诉母亲，她要和汤姆一起去参加一个舞会。 She said she was to take up the position. 她说她要承担这个职务。 3．was/were supposed to do和was/were meant to do可以表示过去计划做，但没有做的事。 The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago. 火车本应在半小时之前到达。 What was meant to be a funny story fell completely flat. 本欲使之成为有趣的故事，结果完全变得索然寡味。 [即学活用2]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Miss Zhang said she would visit (visit) the Great Wall the next summer. ②She told him that she would not stay (not stay) here for long. ③The scientists said the world's population would slow (slow) down in future. ④She said the bus was leaving (leave) at five the next morning. ⑤I wasn't sure whether he would lend (lend) me his book the next morning. ⑥It was supposed to be (be) a valuable chance to get promoted，but he missed it. ⑦This morning Alice was about to go (go) out when the door opened and in came some strangers. ⑧We decided that we were flying (fly) to Canada next month. ⑨Our teacher said that there was going to be (be) an English exam the next week. ⑩My aunt was coming (come) to see us and she would be here soon. ⑪我告诉马克当他来了我们就去吃晚餐。 I told Mark that when he arrived，we would go out for dinner． ⑫我正要告诉他，但他不给我机会。 I was going to tell him，but he didn't give me a chance. ⑬他说他将在八点钟到达这里。 He said he would be here at eight o'clock. ⑭我知道约翰在下午5点前结束不了工作。 I knew John wouldn't finish the work by 5：00 p.m. ⑮他说他会去照看这个婴儿。 He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 项目二　复合词 一、语法概念 在英语中把两个(或更多)独立的单词合在一起构成一个新词，其意义为原来单词意义的叠加，如blackboard“黑板” 就是由black“黑色的”和board“板子”合在一起构成的新词。用这种方式构成的单词叫作复合词(compound words)。 复合词的词性多由该词的后半部分决定，复合词包括复合名词、复合动词、复合形容词、复合介词及复合副词。 二、复合词的书写形式 1．一般情况下在词与词之间要加连字符号，如：good­looking好看的，sea­sick晕船的，world­famous闻名世界的，seven­year­old七岁的， three­hour三小时的，等等。 2．有些复合词已经完全融为一体，不用加连字符号，如：textbook教科书， schoolmate校友， spokesman发言人， salesgirl女售货员， notebook笔记本， greenhouse温室， breakthrough突破， download下载，policewoman女警察，等等。 3．还有一些情况直接用词组的形式，如：air conditioner空调机，clothes shop服装店，alarm clock闹钟，girl student女学生，等等。 三、复合形容词的构成方法 1．名词＋形容词，如：oil­rich含油量多的，duty­free免税的，care­free无忧无虑的，homesick想家的，等等。 2．形容词＋形容词，如：bitter­sweet又苦又甜的，light­green浅绿色的，dark­brown深棕色的，freezing­cold寒冷的，burning­hot炎热的，等等。 3．名词＋现在分词，如：trouble­making制造麻烦的，law­breaking犯法的，painstaking费力的，time­consuming耗时的，peace­loving热爱和平的， labor­saving省力的，record­breaking破纪录的，等等。 4．名词＋过去分词，如：man­made人造的，poverty­stricken贫困的， heart­broken伤心的，snow­covered被雪覆盖的，task­based任务型的， 等等。 5．形容词＋现在分词，如：good­looking好看的，easy­going随和的，nice­sounding好听的，等等。 6．形容词＋过去分词，这里的过去分词大多是名词加­ed构成的假分词，如：new­born刚出生的，simple­minded头脑简单的，kind­hearted心地善良的，black­eyed黑眼睛的，warm­hearted热心肠的，等等。 7．数词＋名词(＋形容词)，如：four­hour四小时的，100­metre一百米的，four­day为期四天的，five­year­old五岁的，等等。 8．副词＋现在分词，如：ever­lasting持续的，far­reaching深远的，oncoming迎面而来的，outgoing外向的，等等。 9．副词＋过去分词，如：well­known著名的，newly­built新建的，over­loaded超载的，outspoken直言不讳的，等等。 10．由其他词类或结构转化而来， 如：once­a­week每周一次的，all­round全方位的，round­the­clock二十四小时的，full­time全职的，second­hand二手的，follow­up后继的，underpaid报酬过低的，underweight重量过轻的，heart­to­heart交心的，out­of­work失业的，等等。 [即学活用3]　用复合词完成句子/翻译短语 ①她个性随和，大家都很喜欢她。 Her easy­going nature makes her popular. ②听到这令人心碎的消息，她号啕大哭起来。 She burst into tears at the heartbreaking news． ③他两手空空回了家。 He returned home empty­handed． ④她不会这么轻易地放弃来之不易的自由。 She was not going to give up her hard­won freedom so easily. ⑤这件事已经引起了全世界的关注。 This matter has attracted worldwide attention. ⑥an English­speaking country 一个讲英语的国家 ⑦a family get­together 一个家庭聚会 ⑧hard­working students 刻苦读书的学生 ⑨hand­made goods 手工制品 ⑩a well­known university 一所著名的大学 ⑪a second­hand camera 一个二手相机 ⑫out­of­town stores 郊区商店 ⑬after­class activities 课外活动 四、复合名词的构成方法 1．加连字符，如：baby­sitter看孩子的人，letter­box信箱，first­aid急救，X­ray X射线，father­in­law岳父，cross­talk相声，等等。 2．不加连字符，如：haircut理发，repairman修理工，outbreak爆发，outcome结果，outlook前景，rainbow彩虹，等等。 3．以词组形式出现，如：bank account银行账户，birth control节制生育，blood pressure血压，book case书柜，bus stop公共汽车站，credit card信用卡，generation gap代沟，greenhouse effect温室效应，heart attack心脏病发作，pen friend笔友，pocket money零用钱，post office邮局，sign language手语，natural resources自然资源，mother tongue母语，等等。 五、复合动词 1．副词＋动词，如：off­load卸车，outgrow过大而不适，overhear无意中听到，oversleep睡过头，overlook忽略，update更新，download下载，等等。 2．其他形式：broadcast广播，withdraw撤退，skateboard用滑板滑行，等等。 六、复合副词和介词 1．复合副词：afterwards后来，alongside与……并肩，outside外面，indoors室内，nowadays如今，meanwhile同时，maybe可能，nevertheless仍然(还)，sideways向一侧地，等等。 2．复合介词：within在……之内，without没有，onto到……上，into进入，upon在……之上，behind在……之后，等等。 七、构成复合词时注意事项 1．由数词＋名词(＋形容词)构成形容词时，名词不用复数，如：a nine­year­old boy 一个九岁的男孩，a four­day trip 一次四天的旅行，the 100­metre dash 百米赛跑， an 800­metre­long bridge一座八百米长的桥， 等等。 2．由形容词＋名词­ed构成的形容词，该名词必须是中心词的一部分，否则不加­ed，如： a white­haired woman 一个白发苍苍的妇女，a warm­hearted girl一个热心肠的女孩，a near­sighted boy 一个眼睛近视的男孩，two middle­aged men 两个中年男人，等等。 3．由形容词＋分词构成的合成形容词，要注意中心词与分词的主谓或动宾关系，如：an ordinary­looking man 一个相貌平常的男人，an easy­going man 一个随和的人，fresh­baked bread 刚烤的面包，ready­made goods 现成的货物，等等。 4．由副词＋分词构成的合成形容词，副词是修饰分词的状语，用现在分词还是过去分词是由它与中心词的主谓或动宾关系而定，如：hard­working people 勤劳的人们，bravely­fighting soldiers 勇敢战斗的战士，a well­known singer 一个有名的歌唱家，the newly­married couple那对新婚夫妇，等等。 现在分词与所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主谓关系，例如：an ordinary­looking man＝a man who looks ordinary。 而过去分词和所修饰的名词是动宾关系，形容词相当于补语，例如：clean­washed clothes＝clothes which are washed clean。 请比较： these hard­working people＝these people who are working hard the just­washed­down house＝the house which has just been washed down 请比较：peace­loving people ＝people who love peace a man­made satellite＝a satellite which is made by man [即学活用4]　写出下列加黑词的含义/根据汉语提示写出合成词 ①The maiden voyage of the newly­built steamship was a success.新建汽船 ②Abstract the main ideas of the two­page report into one page.两页的报告 ③A five­day week benefits more than individually and economically.五天工作制 ④All the major theatres now have sponsors，especially for particular high­cost productions.高成本的 ⑤He's a stupid，idle，good­for­nothing boy.一无是处的 ⑥He invested in tax­free municipals.免税 ⑦In the U．S.only native­born citizens are eligible to the office of president.本土出生的公民 ⑧New legislation is to be introduced to help single­parent families.单亲家庭 ⑨Our paper is embarking on nation­wide campaign for increased circulation.全国范围内的 ⑩There is a linear (直线的) relationship between the company's losses and its poor­quality products.劣质产品 ⑪These newly­designed (新设计的) devices will appear on the exhibition next month. ⑫The never­ending (无休止的) quarrel among the visitors certainly spoiled their appetite for the banquet. ⑬Do you like the snow­covered (白雪覆盖的) mountains in their majesty? ⑭I've been making enquiries about the cost of a round­the­world (环球旅行的) ticket. ⑮Although long­distance (长途的) phone calls are going up，the charge for local calls will not alter. ⑯Before we start，can I make sure that you are fully aware of the dangers of mountain­climbing (登山)? ⑰New government's study into Hong Kong's long­term (长远的) needs shows population will exceed nine million. ⑱He is suffering from fatigue and stress­related (与压力有关的) illness. [对应学生用书P19] Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．In addition，most newspapers had little in them that would appeal (appeal) to a mass audience. 2．I forced myself to believe that I would enjoy (enjoy) it and succeed in the future. 3．Since then，whenever I visited my grandmother's house，I would rush (rush) to the kitchen for the stinky tofu with excitement. 4．They were not sure how the Americans would react (react) to the new type of music. 5．I mentioned that we were (be) going to cross a mountain stream. 6．After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide (provide)accommodation for the homeless families. 7．Some social app companies were to blame (blame) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration. 8．They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived，but she thought the car was going to explode(explode). 9．When I was 13 my only purpose was to become (become) the star on our football team. 10．I was about to get (get) out of the room when the door was opened. Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的合成词并用其适当形式填空 breakdown，color­blind，get­together，greenhouse，man­made，newly­born，warm­hearted，whole­heartedly 1．Most vegetables we buy in winter are planted in greenhouses． 2．Many countries have sent up man­made satellites to circle the earth. 3．He would have liked to go to the get­together，but his wife was ill. 4．My sister asked me to think of a name for her lovely newly­born baby. 5．The little boy over there is color­blind and cannot tell blue from yellow. 6．By serving the people whole­heartedly，Comrade Lei Feng set us a good example. 7．He worked hard day and night，which led to the breakdown of his health. 8．My neighbors are warm­hearted and they are always ready to help people in trouble. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $