Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Grammar（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册（北师大版）

[对应知能达标训练P27] Ⅰ.用定语从句完成句子 1．Melissa，his daughter，felt it more than worthwhile to save his music，to which she fell asleep each night when she was young． 他的女儿梅利莎觉得保存他的音乐是非常值得的，她年轻的时候每天晚上都听着他的音乐入睡。 2．The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage． 在树木遭受严重缺水的地区，大树的损失最为严重。 3．The reason why she was absent was that she was ill. 她缺席的原因是她生病了。 4．I can still remember the sitting room where my mother and I used to sit every evening． 我还记得我和妈妈过去每天晚上坐的客厅。 5．I don't know the reason why he left without saying anything． 我不知道为什么他什么也没说就离开了。 6．Kate will never forget the years when she lived with her home­stay family in China． 凯特永远不会忘记她和寄宿家庭在中国生活的那些年。 Ⅱ.为所给词加上后缀完成句子 1．He stressed the importance of a good education.(important) 他强调了接受良好教育的重要性。 2．Her friend's kindness has restored her faith in human nature.(kind) 她朋友的善意使她恢复了对人性的信心。 3．All these years later，we are still thankful for the strangers' kindness.(thank) 这么多年过去了，我们仍然对陌生人的善良心存感激。 4．It's useless to regret what has been done.(use) 后悔已经做过的事是没有用的。 5．He read the letter more carefully the second time.(careful) 他把信又更仔细地看了一遍。 6．The players had to change their daily routine and lifestyle.(day) 这些运动员不得不改变他们的每日常规和生活方式。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·广东茂名高一上检测)Dolphins are much more intelligent than humans previously thought.Scientists have recently discovered that bottle­nosed dolphins can identify themselves in the mirror — much like you and I can! When you see a zit (青春痘) on your face，what do you do? Go to the mirror time and again，and wonder what it is still doing there.Well，this is exactly what two male bottle­nosed dolphins，Presley and Tab，do as well.So，these lovable aquatic animals (水栖动物) are not just sailors，friends，but they are also aware of their bodies－almost like humans! A Reuters news agency report in The Telegraph newspaper reports says that Presley and Tab stay in a pool with reflective glass walls in the New York Aquarium.Researchers in the wildlife Conservation society's Osborn Laboratories of Marine science noticed that when Presley and Tab saw their own reflections，they did not seem to think that they were looking at another dolphin. Dolphins are very social creatures，and are friendly with humans as well as their own kind.This got the researchers thinking.Perhaps the dolphins identified their own images? So they decided to find out.Using non­toxic (无毒的) ink，they made marks on different parts of the dolphins' bodies，changing the place every week.Every time their bodies were marked，the dolphins made more trips to the mirror than usual.If the ink mark was on their tummy (肚子)，they would expose their tummy to the mirror and look at it for a long time. Now doesn't that sound familiar? Imagine the dolphins wondering — “Now where did that mark come from? I wonder how long it's going to stay？” Till now，only the great apes like the chimps，the gorillas and the orangutans have displayed this quality of identifying their images in the mirror.All other animals have failed this test. The researchers feel that these findings may increase human understanding towards dolphins，which are being hunted and killed in great numbers.Dolphin fins are considered to be a very delicious dish in several South­East Asian countries. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家通过研究发现瓶鼻海豚可以在镜子里识别出自己。 1．What have scientists discovered about bottle­nosed dolphins? A．They can recognize their bodies in the mirror. B．They tend to have human awareness. C．They love to see the reflections of their bodies. D．They build social networks with humans and their own kind. 解析　A　细节理解题 。根据第一段中的“Scientists have recently discovered that bottle­nosed dolphins can identify themselves in the mirror－much like you and I can! (科学家最近发现，瓶鼻海豚可以像你我一样在镜子里认出自己！)”可知，科学家最近发现瓶鼻海豚可以在镜子中识别自己的身体。故选A。 2．How did the researchers carry out their experiment? A．They communicated more with the dolphins. B．They made the dolphins trip more to the mirror. C．They drew special symbols on the dolphins' bodies. D．They made the dolphins expose their tummy to the mirror. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Using non­toxic (无毒的) ink，they made marks on different parts of the dolphins' bodies，changing the place every week.(他们使用无毒墨水，在海豚身体的不同部位做标记，每周更换位置。)”可知，研究人员进行实验的方式是在海豚身上画上特殊的符号。故选C。 3．Which statement can Not be inferred from the text? A．Dolphins are not being protected well. B．Dolphins care much more about their images. C．Dolphins get along well with humans. D．Dolphins are as smart as the great apes like the chimps. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Scientists have recently discovered that bottle­nosed dolphins can identify themselves in the mirror－much like you and I can! (科学家最近发现，瓶鼻海豚可以像你我一样在镜子里认出自己！)”和第二段中的“So，these lovable aquatic animals (水栖动物) are not just sailors，friends，but they are also aware of their bodies－almost like humans! (所以，这些可爱的水生动物不仅是水手、朋友，而且它们也像人类一样意识到自己的身体！)”以及第三段中的“Researchers in the wildlife Conservation society's Osborn Laboratories of Marine science noticed that when Presley and Tab saw their own reflections，they did not seem to think that they were looking at another dolphin.(野生动物保护协会奥斯本海洋科学实验室的研究人员注意到，当普雷斯利和塔布看到自己的影子时，它们似乎并不认为自己在看另一只海豚)”可知，科学家最近发现瓶鼻海豚可以在镜子中识别自己的身体，也能像人类一样意识到自己的身体，但是，当它们看到自己的影子时，它们似乎并不认为自己在看另一只海豚，说明它们能识别出自己的形象，但不能说明它们非常在意自己的形象。故选B。 4．What's the best title of the text? A．Dolphins: An Endangered species in Need of Attention B．Dolphins: social Beings with unique Communication skills C．Dolphins: Aquatic Animals Fond of Their own self­reflection D．Dolphins: smart Creatures Capable of self­recognition in Mirrors 解析　D　主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中的“Scientists have recently discovered that bottle­nosed dolphins can identify themselves in the mirror－much like you and I can! (科学家最近发现，瓶鼻海豚可以像你我一样在镜子里认出自己！)”可知，文中明确提到了科学家发现瓶鼻海豚可以在镜子中识别自己，这一发现表明海豚是非常聪明的生物，具有自我识别的能力。选项D“Dolphins: smart Creatures Capable of self－recognition in Mirrors (海豚：能够在镜子中自我识别的聪明生物)”最贴切地反映了文章的主题。故选D。 B (2025·广东茂名高一上检测)Hurricane Helene may have already hit the southeast，but its deadly aftermath could last a decade or more. Tropical cyclones，which include hurricanes like Helene and other whirling storms，boost local death rates for up to 15 years after whipping (肆虐) along U．S.coastlines，scientists reported on October 2 in Nature.Each storm may indirectly cause between 7，000 and 11，000 deaths，estimate University of California，Berkeley environmental economist Rachel Young and Stanford University economist Solomon Hsiang. That's a Mount Everest of an estimate compared to 24—the official number of the average deaths released by the National oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.The results suggest that “hurricanes and tropical storms are a much greater public health concern than anyone previously thought，” Young says. Using a statistical model，young and Hsiang analyzed the impact of all 501 tropical cyclones that hit the contiguous united states from 1930 to 2015.They measured changes in mortality (死亡数量) for up to 20 years after each of these storms.Their analysis suggests that an individual hurricane may indirectly lead to thousands of lives lost.And taken together，the storms could have caused as many as 5 percent of all deaths over that time period. Young and Hsiang don't know all the ways hurricanes may result in mortality，but they have some ideas.It's possible the stress of a surviving such a storm，or the pollution left in the wake of destruction，harms people's health or maybe local governments have less money to spend on health care after rebuilding damaged infrastructure (基础设施).“It could be some combination of these and other factors，” Young say.She's interested in digging into what's going on. In the meantime，Young thinks her team's work highlights the need for new disaster response polices—ones aimed at dealing with the long­term impact of hurricanes.“We really pull together after these disasters to help people immediately in the aftermath，” she says.“But we need to be thinking about these folks long after those initial responses are over.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是科学家研究发现热带气旋(包括飓风等)在美国海岸线肆虐后，会导致当地死亡率在接下来的多年里持续上升，且其影响远大于之前人们的认知。 5．What does the underlined phrase “a Mount Everest” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Hardly noticeable. B．Amazingly high. C．Definitely impressive. D．Still acceptable. 解析　B　词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Each storm may indirectly cause between 7，000 and 11，000 deaths(每一场风暴可能间接造成7000到11 000人死亡)”以及第三段“compared to 24—the official number of the average deaths(和官方公布的平均死亡人数24对比)”可知，飓风带来的实际死亡人数为7000到11 000人，与官方发布的数据24人相差巨大，因此“a Mount Everest”的意思是“令人惊讶地高”。故选B。 6．Which of the following is unlikely to cause an increase in mortality according to Young and Hsiang? A．Direct deaths caused by hurricanes. B．Reduced spending on healthcare. C．Psychological stress after a hurricane. D．Environmental pollution left behind. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Their analysis suggests that an individual hurricane may indirectly lead to thousands of lives lost.(他们的分析表明，单个飓风可能间接导致数千人丧生。)”以及第五段中“It's possible the stress of a surviving such a storm，or the pollution left in the wake of destruction，harms people's health or maybe local governments have less money to spend on health care after rebuilding damaged infrastructure (基础设施).(可能是在这样一场风暴中幸存下来的压力，或者是破坏后留下的污染，损害了人们的健康，或者是地方政府在重建受损的基础设施后，用于医疗保健的资金减少了。)”可知，Young和Hsiang认为灾后死亡数量升高的原因不包括直接死亡人数，故选A。 7．What does Young's team call for in the last paragraph? A．Counting the loss caused by hurricanes. B．Immediate disaster response policies. C．Initial responses for the disaster sufferers. D．Disaster response policies considering long­term effect. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In the meantime，Young thinks her team's work highlights the need for new disaster response polices—ones aimed at dealing with the long­term impact of hurricanes.(与此同时，Young认为她的团队的工作强调了新的灾难应对政策的必要性——旨在应对飓风的长期影响。)”可知，Young的团队呼吁政府出台应对飓风长久影响的政策措施，故选D。 8．What's the main idea of the text? A．The ways hurricanes may contribute to mortality. B．Hurricanes have a lasting influence on mortality rates. C．The official analysis of hurricanes is inaccurate. D．Hurricanes should get a greater public health concern. 解析　B　主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Hurricane Helene may have already hit the southeast，but its deadly aftermath could last a decade or more.(飓风‘海伦’可能已经袭击了东南部，但其致命的后果可能会持续十年或更长时间。)”，第二段中“Tropical cyclones，which include hurricanes like Helene and other whirling storms，boost local death rates for up to 15 years after whipping (肆虐) along U．S.coastlines(热带气旋，包括像海伦(Helene)这样的飓风和其他旋转的风暴，在美国海岸线肆虐之后，会使当地死亡率在长达15年的时间里持续上升)”以及第四段中“Their analysis suggests that an individual hurricane may indirectly lead to thousands of lives lost.(他们的分析表明，单个飓风可能间接导致数千人丧生。)”可知，本文主要讲的是科学家研究发现，热带气旋(包括飓风等)在美国海岸线肆虐后，会导致当地死亡率在接下来的多年里持续上升，且其影响远大于之前人们的认知，因此主旨是B选项“Hurricanes have a lasting influence on mortality rates.(飓风对死亡率有持久的影响。)”。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2025·河北保定高一上期末)People hate packaging.And，yes，there's a lot of bad and wasteful packaging out there. 1 When it comes to protecting and dispensing (分发) food，the right package can greatly reduce waste.Here are a few examples. Packaging keeps the meat fresh. We throw away a fifth of the beef we buy — the equivalent (等量) of 8 million cows each year — often because it goes bad before we cook it.The solution？ 2 Case­ready packaging can lengthen that shelf life to up to 21 days.If the meat you bought isn't going to be eaten within a few days，case­ready packaging is the better choice for the environment. 3 This dairy waste can be avoided with packaging technology such as Tetra Pak (利乐包装纸盒)，which is commonly used in Europe and Asia to keep milk from spoiling，even without refrigeration.Recycled or not，Tetra Pak is a good environmental bet because it can lengthen the shelf life of milk up to nine months. 4 Once again，the environmental benefit of the food­protection technology outweighs the harmful impact of the packaging itself. Packaging Fixes Sticky Situations. 5 One example of waste­reducing packaging is the concept project shown from designer Drew Stanley.He designed a peanut butter jar made of a soft material which can be turned inside out and scraped (刮掉) clean，avoiding sticky food sticking to your fingers. A．Packaging protects milk. B．Using Tetra Pak packaging. C．But packaging isn't always the enemy. D．We should pay attention to the rubbish produced by packaging. E．Scientists have developed packaging that can keep refrigerated meat fresh for weeks. F．It can reduce the need for refrigeration and the amount of milk that goes wasted. G．Food left behind in jars and bottles makes up a surprising amount of waste. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了正确的包装可以有效减少浪费。 1．解析　C　空前的句子“People hate packaging.And，yes，there's a lot of bad and wasteful packaging out there.(人们讨厌包装。是的，有很多糟糕和浪费的包装。)”说因为浪费，人们讨厌包装。而空后的句子“When it comes to protecting and dispensing (分发) food，the right package can greatly reduce waste.(在保护和分配食物时，正确的包装可以大大减少浪费。)”又说正确的包装可以大大减少浪费。由此可推知，观点发生了转变，故空处应该填转折句进行过渡。C项“But packaging isn't always the enemy.(但包装并不总是环境的敌人)”填入空处，符合文章行文逻辑。故选C。 2．解析　E　根据空前的句子“We throw away a fifth of the beef we buy—the equivalent (等量) of 8 million cows each year—often because it goes bad before we cook it.The solution？(我们扔掉了我们购买的五分之一的牛肉——相当于每年800万头牛——通常是因为它们在我们烹饪之前就变质了。解决方案？)”可知，空处的句子应该提到防止牛肉变质的解决方案。所以E项“Scientists have developed packaging that can keep refrigerated meat fresh for weeks.(科学家们已经开发出一种可以使冷藏肉类保持数周新鲜的包装。)”填入空处，符合语境。故选E。 3．解析　A　空处是该部分的主题句。根据下文的内容“This dairy waste can be avoided with packaging technology such as Tetra Pak (利乐包装纸盒)，which is commonly used in Europe and Asia to keep milk from spoiling，even without refrigeration.Recycled or not，Tetra Pak is a good environmental bet because it can lengthen the shelf life of milk up to nine months.(使用利乐包等包装技术可以避免这种乳制品浪费。利乐包在欧洲和亚洲通常用于防止牛奶变质，即使没有冷藏。无论回收与否，利乐包都是一个很好的环保选择，因为它可以将牛奶的保质期延长到9个月。)”可知，该部分主要是说利乐包对牛奶的保护作用。所以，A项“Packaging protects milk.(包装保护牛奶。)”填入空处，可以作为该部分的主题句，符合语境。故填A。 4．解析　F　根据空后的句子“Once again，the environmental benefit of the food­protection technology outweighs the harmful impact of the packaging itself.(再一次，食品保护技术的环境效益超过了包装本身的有害影响。)”可知，空处的句子应该表明食品保护技术的环境效益超过了包装本身有害影响的事实。所以，F项“It can reduce the need for refrigeration and the amount of milk that goes wasted.(它可以减少对冷藏的需求和浪费的牛奶量。)”填入空处，符合语境。因为冷藏需要能量，而浪费牛奶也是对环境有害。故选F。 5．解析　G　空后的句子“One example of waste­reducing packaging is the concept project shown from designer Drew Stanley.He designed a peanut butter jar made of a soft material which can be turned inside out and scraped (刮掉) clean，avoiding sticky food sticking to your fingers.(设计师德鲁·斯坦利展示的概念项目就是减少废物包装的一个例子。他设计了一种用柔软材料制成的花生酱罐，可以翻转过来刮干净，避免黏稠的食物粘在手指上。)”提到了设计师Drew Stanley设计了一种新的方式来解决罐装食物的浪费，由此可推知，空处应与罐装食品造成浪费有关。G项“Food left behind in jars and bottles makes up a surprising amount of waste.(留在罐子和瓶子里的食物造成了惊人的浪费)”填入空处，符合语境。故选G。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2025·江苏扬州高一上检测)China，the birthplace of tea，1. (hold) a deep­rooted relationship with this beloved drink since ancient times.Tea has become a part of Chinese culture，appearing in poems and 2. (tradition) customs.For many，the joy of tea comes not just from its taste，3. from the beauty of tea ceremonies. In spring，4. (pick) tea leaves is a cherished activity in South China.Before Qingming in early April，5. the weather warms up and rain comes more often，the first tea leaves are ready to be harvested.This early tea，called Mingqian tea，is 6. (high) praised for its quality. Zhejiang province in East China is 7. major tea­producing area.Famous types include White Tea from Anji county and West Lake Longjing Tea from Hangzhou，both of which 8. (know) in China and abroad.During spring，the hills in these regions are covered with tea workers 9. (tend) to their plants.Many tourists visit these areas to enjoy the beautiful tea farms and taste freshly brewed tea. Thousands of years ago，Chinese people turned a simple leaf 10. a delicious drink.Over time，tea has continued to play an important role in Chinese culture，enriching lives and preserving traditions. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的茶文化，包括茶的悠久历史、春茶采摘活动、主要产茶区及其著名品种等。 1．解析　has held　考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：中国是茶的发源地，自古以来就与这种受人喜爱的饮料有着根深蒂固的关系。空处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“since ancient times”可知，应用现在完成时；动词hold表示“持有、拥有”，与主语“China”之间为主动关系，且为单数形式。故填has held。 2．解析　traditional　考查形容词。句意：茶已经成为中国文化的一部分，出现在诗歌和传统习俗中。空处应为形容词，修饰名词“customs”，作定语；traditional为形容词，表示“传统的”，符合句意。故填traditional。 3．解析　but　考查连词。句意：对许多人来说，茶的乐趣不仅来自它的味道，还来自茶道的美丽。空处应为并列连词，连接两个并列的介词短语；固定短语“not just...but...”表示“不仅……而且”，符合句意。故填but。 4．解析　picking　考查动名词。句意：春天，在中国南方，采茶是一项备受重视的活动。pick为动词，表示“采、摘”，在句中作主语，表示一般行为，故应用动名词形式。故填picking。 5．解析　when　考查定语从句。句意：在四月初的清明之前，天气变暖，雨水更频繁，第一批茶叶就可以收获了。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“Qingming early in April”，在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when。故填when。 6．解析　highly　考查副词。句意：这种早期茶，被称为明前茶，因其质量而受到高度赞扬。空处应用副词，修饰动词“praised”，作状语；highly为副词，表示“高度地”，符合句意。故填highly。 7．解析　a　考查冠词。句意：中国东部的浙江省是一个主要的产茶区。空处应用冠词，修饰名词短语“major tea­producing area”，表示“一个主要的产茶区”，故应用不定冠词，表示泛指；major以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 8．解析　are known　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：著名的品种包括安吉县的白茶和杭州的西湖龙井茶，这两种茶在中国和国外都很有名。空处为定语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语动词“include”和句意可知，应用一般现在时，表示客观事实；动词know表示“知道”，与主语“both of which”之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，表示“这两种茶都被知道”，谓语为复数。故填are known。 9．解析　tending　考查现在分词。句意：春天的时候，这些地区的山上到处都是照料茶树的茶工。根据谓语动词“are covered”可知，空处应用动词tend的非谓语动词形式，动词短语tend to表示“照顾、照料”，作后置定语修饰名词短语“tea workers”，并与其之间为主动关系，表示“照料茶树的茶工”，故应用现在分词形式。故填tending。 10．解析　into　考查介词。句意：几千年前，中国人把一片简单的叶子变成了一种美味的饮料。动词短语turn...into...表示“把……变成……”，后可接名词短语“a delicious drink”，符合句子和句意。故填into。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $