Unit 4 Section Ⅳ Lesson 2（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册（北师大版）

[对应知能达标训练P10] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The students was unable to deliver the speech on account of the injury to his throat. 2．So far six people have confirmed (confirm) that they will be attending the conference. 3．Honestly speaking，it's beyond my power (powerful) to help you solve such a difficult problem. 4．To my disappointment，the delivery (deliver) has been delayed due to the bad weather. 5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure(press) on the places we visit and improve our experience. 6．The wide application(apply) of computers in science and technology frees man from the labor of complicated computation. 7．Our ability to work with these changes is directly(direct) related to our life satisfaction. 8．Educational apps are becoming increasingly (increase) powerful. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．The new government will come into power next month (将在下月开始执政). 2．The school library usually subscribes to many kinds of magazines (订阅多种杂志). 3．She retired early on account of bad health (因为体弱多病). 4．Will you do me a favor (帮我一个忙)and tell me how the Internet works? 5．What an inspiration (多么大的鼓舞)she was to all around her! 6．She doesn't know how to behave well (如何举止端庄) in public. 7．Science and technology have made life easier (使生活更轻松) with a lot of work done by robots. 8．We don't really know what people need (人们需要什么) at present. 9．Once I play games for more than an hour，a bell rings to remind me that my time is up (提醒我我的时间用完了). 10．Many of his friends call Benjamine Ben for short (简称，缩写). Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·陕西西安高一上阶段练习)The artificial intelligence (AI) industry is projected to reach a value of $407 billion (about 2.89 trillion yuan) by 2027.However，its rapid development raises ethical concerns，particularly regarding the treatment of data labels.Without these workers，products like ChatGPT wouldn't exist. Data labelers play a key role in helping AI systems “learn”．As the name suggests，data labeling involves assigning labels to raw data—such as images，videos or text—so that AI systems can recognize patterns and make predictions.For example，autonomous vehicles depend on labeled videos to differentiate between pedestrians (行人) and road signs，while large language models like ChatGPT require labeled text to interpret human language. Despite their essential role，labelers are often exploited.AI models can cost tens of millions of dollars to develop，so tech giants like Google and Microsoft outsource (外包) much of the data labeling work to factories in developing countries where workers are paid unfairly low wages.For instance，data labels in Venezuela typically earn between $0.90 to $2 per hour whereas their counterparts in the US earn $10 to $25 per hour.Some companies even employ children for this task. The working conditions are also poor.Many data labels are crowded into dusty，unsafe rooms that pose health risks.Moreover，they often lack basic social protections such as healthcare. Data labeling can also be mentally exhausting due to repetitive tasks，tight deadlines and strict quality controls.Workers are sometimes required to read and label hate speech or other abusive content which can harm their mental health.Additionally，labelers often have no access to performance data and are unable to defend themselves in the event of wage cuts or job losses. These issues have become so serious that in May nearly 100 data labels and AI workers in Kenya published an open letter to US President Joe Biden，declaring that “our working conditions amount to modern­day slavery”． The urgent need for more ethical AI supply chains is clear.Companies must implement fair wage policies that reflect the value of labelers' contributions.Governments should introduce regulations promoting fairness and transparency (透明) in performance evaluations and data processing.As AI users，we can all advocate for ethical practices by supporting companies that are transparent about their supply chains and treat their workers fairly. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人工智能(AI)行业中数据标注者的工作重要性、面临的挑战以及他们恶劣的工作条件，并呼吁建立更道德的AI供应链，改善数据标注者的工作环境和待遇。 1．What do data labelers do in the AI industry? A．They design AI systems for tech companies. B．They program AI models for language tasks. C．They create datasets to train AI models. D．They track AI performance and outputs. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的内容“Data labelers play a key role in helping AI systems ‘learn’．As the name suggests，data labeling involves assigning labels to raw data—such as images，videos，or text—so that AI systems can recognize patterns and make predictions.(数据标注者在帮助AI系统“学习”方面发挥着关键作用。顾名思义，数据标注涉及为原始数据(如图像、视频或文本)分配标签，以便AI系统可以识别模式并做出预测。)”可知，数据标注涉及为原始数据分配标签，以便AI系统可以识别模式并做出预测由此表明数据标注者在AI行业创建数据集以训练AI模型。故选C。 2．Why does the author mention Venezuela? A．To criticize outsourcing practices in AI. B．To illustrate the wage gap in data labeling. C．To show differences in data labeling costs. D．To compare AI development across countries. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“For instance，data labels in Venezuela typically earn between $0.90 to $2 per hour whereas their counterparts in the US earn $10 to $25 per hour.(例如，委内瑞拉的数据标注者每小时的典型收入在0.90美元至2美元之间，而他们在美国的同行每小时的收入为10至25美元。)”可知，作者提到委内瑞拉是为了说明数据标注方面的工资差距。故选B。 3．What is one challenge data labelers face? A．Limited access to proper training. B．Confusing deadlines and difficult tasks. C．Little protection from job losses. D．Unpredictable working hours and schedules. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据文章第五段最后一句“Additionally，labelers often have no access to performance data and are unable to defend themselves in the event of wage cuts or job losses.(此外，标注者通常无法获取绩效数据，在减薪或失业的情况下无法为自己辩护。)”可知，数据标注者面临的挑战之一是失业时几乎没有保护。故选C。 4．What is a suggested way to improve data labelers' working conditions? A．Enforcing fair labor laws worldwide. B．Offering training on ethical AI practices. C．Reducing reliance on outsourcing. D．Supporting companies with fair practices. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“As AI users，we can all advocate for ethical practices by supporting companies that are transparent about their supply chains and treat their workers fairly.(作为AI用户，我们都可以通过支持那些供应链透明、公平对待工人的公司来倡导道德行为。)”可知，改善数据标注者工作条件的一个建议是支持有公平做法的公司。故选D。 B (2025·浙江杭州高一上期中)The internet provides access to a large amount of information.However，you might notice that the same ideas or views frequently reappear on certain social media platforms.If this happens，be cautious.You may be in what's called an information cocoon (信息茧房) — a space where only similar opinions spread. This phenomenon，which has existed since the early eras of human culture，has been significantly enlarged by the widespread use of social media.Imagine ancient people gathered around a bonfire，sharing only stories and experiences that reinforced their collective worldview.Today，the internet serves as the modern “bonfire”，with social media platforms connecting people globally and enabling the sharing of thoughts and beliefs. You might have noticed that social media advertising seems to “magically” understand your interests，presenting ads that are surprisingly related.This is the result of complex algorithms (算法) — sets of instructions designed to perform tasks or solve problems.Every time we click，like，or share something，we leave a digital footprint that helps algorithms better understand our interests，values and beliefs.Algorithms then use this information to provide content that meets our interests. Although information cocoons can provide a sense of belonging，they also bring some negative effects.Engaging with others only within limited information space results in one­sided individual's viewpoint，making it hard for them to accept different views and discuss complex issues.Information cocoons can also contribute to increasing division and anxiety，which further divides societies.They make it unclear between facts and opinions.This weakness leaves us open to misinformation，influencing both personal decisions and social energy. Fortunately，there are many ways to break out of the information cocoon.Actively seeking diverse information sources is very important for overcoming these limitations.This can involve diversifying (使多样化) our social media content，reading articles from various views，and joining meaningful discussions with people from different backgrounds.Besides，training critical thinking skills is essential.We should check facts and remain open to changing our beliefs. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要科普信息茧房以及对我们的影响，最后作者介绍了打破信息茧的方法。 5．The information cocoon is increasingly becoming large because ． A．a great deal of information is provided B．a growing number of people turn to social media C.various similar opinions spread in the information cocoon D．stories and experiences are usually shared in people's gatherings 解析　B　细节理解题。由文章第二段“This phenomenon，which has existed since the early eras of human culture，has been significantly enlarged by the widespread use of social media.(这种自人类文化早期就存在的现象，随着社交媒体的广泛使用而显著扩大。)”可知，信息茧房越来越大，是因为越来越多的人转向社交媒体。故选B。 6．Why does the author mention “algorithms” in paragraph 3? A．To analyze how social media impacts our preferences. B．To indicate how algorithms perform tasks or problems. C．To explain why we always read satisfying content on social media platforms. D．To show why algorithms are important in affecting our decisions and beliefs. 解析　C　推理判断题。由文章第三段“You might have noticed that social media advertising seems to ‘magically’ understand your interests，presenting ads that are surprisingly related.This is the result of complex algorithms (算法) — sets of instructions designed to perform tasks or solve problems.Every time we click，like，or share something，we leave a digital footprint that helps algorithms better understand our interests，values and beliefs.Algorithms then use this information to provide content that meets our interests.(你可能已经注意到，社交媒体广告似乎‘神奇地’理解了你的兴趣，呈现了令人惊讶的相关广告。这是复杂算法的结果——一组旨在执行任务或解决问题的指令。每次我们点击、点赞或分享一些东西时，我们都会留下一个数字足迹，帮助算法更好地理解我们的兴趣、价值观和信仰。然后，算法使用这些信息来提供符合我们兴趣的内容。)”可知，作者在第三段中提到了“算法”来解释为什么我们总是在社交媒体平台上阅读令人满意的内容。故选C。 7．Which of the following is the negative effect of information cocoons? A．A person sticking to his own opinion. B．A society filled with energy. C．A person willing to join in discussions. D．A society full of various views. 解析　A　细节理解题。由文章第四段“Engaging with others only within limited information space results in one­sided individual's viewpoint，making it hard for them to accept different views and discuss complex issues.(仅在有限的信息空间内与他人交往会导致个人观点片面，使他们难以接受不同的观点并讨论复杂的问题。)”可知，信息茧房的负面影响之一是一个人会固执地坚持自己的观点。故选A。 8．What does the author advise us to do to get away from the information cocoon? A．Voice our own views openly. B．Develop critical thinking ability. C．Communicate with like­minded people. D．Search specific information sources. 解析　B　细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Besides，training critical thinking skills is essential.We should check facts and remain open to changing our beliefs.(此外，培养批判性思维能力至关重要。我们应该核实事实，并对改变我们的信仰持开放态度。)” 可知，作者建议我们培养批判性思维能力来摆脱信息茧。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2025·广东江门高一上阶段练习)In January 2016，I was eighteen years old at the time.I was going through a 1 time because I had just finished my first year in college but I 2 several subjects.As a result，I dropped out of college and began 3 a job.One day，I came across one of the last episodes (一集) of the sitcom (情景喜剧) The Nanny.I was 4 ． I rewatched The Nanny and then I met a lovely girl named Hannah in an online community.We shared how much we loved the 5 and she inspired me to 6 about my feelings. I started to 7 writing and soon enough we became writing friends.We've written over 90 pieces together.The bond (联系) between us was getting 8 every day; she spent a year abroad and I 9 a teaching job and started a new degree.We 10 each other through these 11 moments.When she returned home to the UK I was introduced to her family. In March 2017，the 12 of meeting in real life was taken into our schedule.At first we said it 13 ，but then it became serious. On the 15th July I 14 a plane and started my journey to the UK.Seeing her in person was no longer a dream.I can't describe the feeling of our first hug (拥抱) — it was magical， 15 ，emotional.I knew she would not be taken place of forever. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是一位年轻人在经历大学辍学后的低谷时期，如何通过重温喜爱的情景喜剧The Nanny在线结识了一位女孩，并在她的鼓励下重拾信心，最终两人成为挚友并实现面对面会面的故事。 1．A.reasonable B．long C．hard D．different 解析　C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 我正在经历一段艰难的时期，因为我刚刚完成了大学的第一年，但我有几门功课不及格。A.reasonable合理的；B.long长的；C.hard艰难的；D.different不同的。根据下文“because I had just finished my first year in college”以及“I dropped out of college”可知我刚上大学就从大学退学了，所以推断应该是经历一段艰难的时期。故选C。 2．A.failed B．finished C．changed D．wanted 解析　A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.failed失败，不及格；B.finished完成；C.changed改变；D.wanted想要。根据下文 “I dropped out of college”可推断上文是几门功课不及格。故选A。 3．A.waiting for B．looking for C．giving up D．picking up 解析　B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果，我从大学退学，开始找工作。A.waiting for等待；B.looking for寻找；C.giving up放弃；D.picking up拿起。根据上文“I dropped out of college”可知我从大学退学了，所以结果应该是开始找工作。故选B。 4．A.understood B．praised C．warned D．attracted 解析　D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被吸引住了。A.understood理解；B.praised赞扬；C.warned警告；D.attracted吸引。根据下文“I rewatched The Nanny and then I met a lovely girl named Hannah in an online community.”可知我又看一遍这部情景喜剧，说明被吸引了。故选D。 5．A.sitcom B．girl C．Internet D．job 解析　A　考查名词词义辨析。句意： 我们分享了我们有多喜欢这部情景喜剧，她激励我写下我的感受。A.sitcom情景喜剧；B.girl女孩；C.Internet网络；D.job工作。根据上文“I rewatched The Nanny and then I met a lovely girl named Hannah in an online community.”可知我特别喜欢这部情景喜剧，以至于看了两遍，并且还在网络认识一个女孩一起分享这部情景喜剧。故选A。 6．A.forget B．care C．write D．talk 解析　C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.forget忘记；B.care关心；C.write写；D.talk说话。根据下文“I started to 7 writing and soon enough we became writing friends.”可知是她激励我写下我的感受。故选C。 7．A.stop B．love C．avoid D．teach 解析　B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始喜欢上了写作，很快我们就成了写作上的朋友。A.stop停止；B.love喜欢；C.avoid避免；D.teach教。根据下文“soon enough we became writing friends.We've written over 90 pieces together”可知我喜欢上了写作，所以和Hannah一起写了90多篇文章。故选B。 8．A.common B．easier C．new D．stronger 解析　D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们之间的联系一天比一天牢固。A.common普通的；B.easier更容易的；C.new新的；D.stronger更强壮的，更牢固的。根据上文“We've written over 90 pieces together.”可知两个人一起写了90多篇文章，肯定联系越来越亲密，更加的牢固。故选D。 9．A.gained B．needed C．left D．created 解析　A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在国外待了一年，我获得了一份教书的工作，开始攻读新的学位。A.gained获得；B.needed需要；C.left离开；D.created创造。根据下文“a teaching job”可知是获得了一份工作。故选A。 10．A.treated B．supported C．hurt D．challenged 解析　B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这些重大时刻，我们相互支持。A.treated对待；B.supported支持；C.hurt伤害；D.challenged挑战。根据上文“through these 11 moments”和前面说她们联系越来越牢固，所以肯定是相互支持。故选B。 11．A.tough B．private C．eventful D．unexpected 解析　C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.tough棘手的；B.private私人的；C.eventful经历丰富的，重大的；D.unexpected出乎意料的。根据上文“she spent a year abroad and I 9 a teaching job and started a new degree”可知都是她们的重大时刻。故选C。 12．A.memory B．importance C．cost D．possibility 解析　D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：2017年3月，提到了在现实生活中见面的可能性。A.memory记忆；B.importance重要性；C.cost费用；D.possibility可能。根据下文“meeting in real life was taken into ou schedule”和前文可知她们一直是在网络上联系，所以应该是见面的可能性。故选D。 13．A.publicly B．jokingly C．quickly D．honestly 解析　B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：一开始我们是开玩笑的，但后来变得严肃起来。A.publicly公开地；B.jokingly开玩笑地；C.quickly迅速地；D.honestly诚实地。根据下文“but then it became serious”可知上下文是转折关系，所以一开始作者和Hannah是开玩笑的。故选B。 14．A.boarded B．sent C．built D．owned 解析　A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：7月15日，我登上飞机，开始了我的英国之旅。A.boarded上飞机；B.sent派送；C.built建立；D.owned拥有。根据下文“started my journey to the UK”可知是登上了飞机，去了英国。故选A。 15．A.amazing B．awkward C．impressive D．unique 解析　D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我无法描述我们第一次拥抱的感觉——那是一种神奇的、独特的、激动的感觉。A.amazing令人惊讶的；B.awkward尴尬的；C.impressive印象深刻的；D.unique独特的。根据上文“I can't describe the feeling of our first hug (拥抱)”可知是她们第一次见面的感觉，所以“独特的”符合语境。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $