专题02 选择性必修第一册Units 3～4 教材核心知识串讲（期末复习课件）高二英语上学期沪外版

期末复习考点串讲 Units 3~4 沪外版·英语·选择性必修第一册 01 考情透视·目标导航 目 录 语法串讲·融会贯通 知识梳理·夯实基础 考场练兵·实战训练 02 03 04 课标要求 考情分析 第一部分 考情透视·目标导航 考情透视·目标导航 掌握 Unit3（Adventuring）和 Unit4（Future Living）核心词汇、短语及句型，能在语境中灵活运用。熟练掌握 Unit3 过去完成时、过去进行时与被动语态的结合，Unit4 限制性与非限制性定语从句。 能识别探险故事、科幻语篇、说明文的结构特征，快速提取核心信息和支撑细节。能运用具体事例或逻辑推理作为支撑细节，完成话题相关的书面表达和口头汇报。 理解探险精神的内涵，尊重中外探险家的执着与坚守，培养坚韧品格。关注科技发展与未来生活的关联，树立可持续发展理念，辩证看待科技对社会的影响。 01 语言知识 02 语言能力 03 文化意识与情感态度 课标要求 考情透视·目标导航 语法与词汇 1. 过去完成时与被动语态的辨析及运用 2. 定语从句（引导词、限定与非限定用法、介词 + 关系代词） 3. 单元核心词汇（如 adventure、survive、intelligent 等）和短语（如 set out、in terms of 等）的辨析与搭配 阅读理解 1. 识别探险故事、科幻语篇的语篇结构，提取事实信息和作者观点 2. 分析语篇中支撑细节与主旨的关系 3. 推断语篇隐含意义和科技发展的潜在影响 写作与表达 1. 以 “探险经历” 或 “未来生活” 为主题，撰写短文（90-110 词），运用具体事例或逻辑推理支撑观点 2. 正确运用所学语法和词汇，保证语篇逻辑连贯、表达得体 考情分析 单词、短语、句型 第二部分 知识梳理·夯实基础 一、重点单词 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ 4. ______________ 5. ______________ 6. ______________ 7. ______________ 8. ______________ 9. ______________ 10. ______________ 11. ______________ 12. ______________ 13. ______________ 14. ______________ 15. ______________ 知识梳理·夯实基础 n. 探险家 n. 探索者 v. 幸存；存活 v./n. 营救 v. 抛弃；放弃 n. 灾难；灾祸 adj. 极冷的； n./v. 庇护所，躲避 adventurer explorer survive rescue abandon disaster freezing shelter hike march frightened sailor capture conquer desperate v./n. 徒步旅行 v. 行军；行进 adj. 害怕的；受惊的 n. 水手；海员 v. 捕获；俘获 v. 征服；攻克 adj. 绝望的；极度渴望的 Unit3 Adventuring 词性转换 1 adventurer n. 探险家→ _______ n. 冒险→ _______ adj. 爱冒险的 2 survive v. 幸存→ _______ n. 幸存→ _______ n. 幸存者 3 rescue v./n. 营救→ _______ n. 营救者 4 abandon v. 抛弃→ _______ adj. 被遗弃的→ ______ _ n. 放弃 5 disaster n. 灾难→ _______ adj. 灾难性的 6 freeze v. 冻结→ _______ adj. 极冷的→ _______ adj. 冰冻的 7 frighten v. 使害怕→ _______ adj. 感到害怕的→ _______ adj. 令人害怕的 8 conquer v. 征服→ _______ n. 征服→ _______ n. 征服者 9 desperate adj. 绝望的→ _______ adv. 绝望地→ _______ n. 绝望 10 endure v. 忍受→ _______ n. 忍耐力→ _______ adj. 可忍受的 adventure adventurous survival survivor abandoned rescuer abandonment disastrous freezing frozen frightened frightening conquest conqueror desperately desperation endurance endurable 二、重点短语 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ 4. ______________ 5. ______________ 6. ______________ 7. ______________ 8. ______________ 9. ______________ 10. ______________ 11. ______________ 12. ______________ 13. ______________ 14. ______________ 15. ______________ 16. ______________ 17. ______________ 知识梳理·夯实基础 出发；启程 弃船 处于危险中 从…… 营救某人 为生存而挣扎 冻死 躲避；避难 扎营 set out/off abandon ship in danger rescue sb. from struggle for freeze to death take shelter set up camp 尽管；不管 处于危险中 成功；做到 坚持；继续 偶然遇到 寻找；搜寻 与…… 作斗争 承担；接受 渡过难关 in spite of at risk make it hold on come across in search of fight against take on pull through Unit3 Adventuring 知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 the rescuers arrived that they finally escaped from danger.直到救援人员到达，他们才最终脱险。 Before the ship sank, the sailors for three days.船沉没前，水手们已与暴风雨搏斗了三天。 The explorer who conquered the dangerous mountain is by the locals.征服了那座险峰的探险家被当地人奉为英雄。 the harsh weather, they insisted on moving forward, which impressed all the team members.尽管天气恶劣，他们仍坚持前进，这让所有队员都深受触动。 It was not until had struggled against the storm regarded as a hero In spite of Unit3 Adventuring 知识梳理·夯实基础 一、重点单词 1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________ 4. ________________ 5. ________________ 6. ________________ 7. ________________ 8. ________________ 9. ______________ 10. _____________ 11. _____________ 12. _____________ 13. _____________ 14. _____________ 15. _____________ adj. 智能的； adj. 高效的； adj. 节能的 adj. 机器人支持的 adj. 太阳能供电的 n. 小器具；小装置 n. 家用电器 n. 安全；保障 intelligent efficient energy-saving robot-supported solar-powered gadget appliance security n. 闲暇；空闲 v./n. 受益；好处 adv. 完全地；彻底地 adj. 持续的；不断的 v. 想要；设想 v. 包围；环绕 v. 模拟；模仿 leisure benefit entirely constant fancy surround simulate Unit4 Future Living 词性转换 1.intelligent adj. 智能的→ _______ n. 智力；智能 2.efficient adj. 高效的→ _______ n. 效率→ _______ adv. 高效地 3.energy n. 能量→ _____ __ adj. 节能的→ _______ adj. 精力充沛的 4.robot n. 机器人→ ____ __ adj. 机器人支持的→ _______ adj. 机器人的 5.secure adj. 安全的→ _______ n. 安全→ _______ adv. 安全地 6.benefit v./n. 受益；好处→ _______ adj. 有益的→ __ _____ adv. 有益地 7.constant adj. 持续的→ _______ adv. 不断地→ _______ n. 持续性 8.surround v. 包围→ __ _____ adj. 周围的→ _ ______ n. 环境 9.simulate v. 模拟→ ___ ____ n. 模拟→ ____ ___ n. 模拟器 10.ultimate adj. 最终的→ _______ adv. 最终；归根结底 ultimately intelligence efficiency efficiently energy-saving energetic robot-supported robotic security securely beneficial beneficially constantly constancy surrounding surroundings simulation simulator 知识梳理·夯实基础 二、重点短语 1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________ 4. ____________________ 5. ____________________ 6. ____________________ 7. ____________________ 8. ____________________ 9. ______________ 10. ______________ 11. ______________ 12. ______________ 13. ______________ 14. ______________ 15. ______________ 16. ______________ 17. ______________ 计算机辅助的 亲近自然 即将到来；在路上 由…… 组成 启动；通电 照顾；处理 应对；处理 就…… 而言 computer-assisted close to nature on the way consist of power up take care of deal with in terms of 基于；以…… 为基础 由于；多亏 除…… 之外 结果；因此 例如；比如 简而言之 通过；借助于 跟踪；记录 适应 based on thanks to apart from as a result for instance in a nutshell by means of keep track of adapt to Unit4 Future Living 知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 The future home, , will make people’s life more convenient.（未来的家配备了智能设备，将使人们的生活更加便捷。 solar-powered cars will become popular in the next 20 years.（据预测，太阳能汽车将在未来 20 年普及。 , we will be able to finish daily chores by means of robots.（多亏了人工智能的发展，我们将能够借助机器人完成日常家务。 The more we focus on energy-saving technology, （我们越关注节能技术，生活环境就会越好。 which is equipped with intelligent devices It is predicted that Thanks to the development of AI the better our living environment will be. Unit4 Future Living 第三部分 语法串讲·融会贯通 语法串讲 即时检测 过去进行时的被动语态句 过去进行时的被动语态 否定主语+was/were + not + being + done 一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+being+done 特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/were +(主语 +)being +done 过去进行时 被动语态 过去进行时的被动语态 + = 主语+were/was +doing 主+be+done 主语+ was/were + being+done be+doing→being + = 语法串讲·融会贯通 (1)过去进行时的被动语态表示过去的某一特定时间正在进行的被动动作。 He was being interviewed by our director yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。 This film was being shown then. 那时这部电影正在上映。 语法串讲·融会贯通 2. 进行时的被动语态可以由“was / were + under / on等介词+名词”结构代替。 Many new inventions were on exhibition in the museum at this time last year. = Many new inventions were being exhibited in the museum at this time last year. 许多新发明去年的这个时候正在博物馆被展出。 He didn’ t stay in my room last night because it was under repair. = He didn’t stay in my room last night because it was being repaired. 昨天晚上他没有住在我房间里，我的房间正在修缮。 语法串讲·融会贯通 过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态 否定:主语+had+ not + been + done 一般疑问句:had+主语+been+done 特殊疑问句:疑问词+had+(主语 +)been +done 过去完成时 被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态 + = 主语+had done 主+be+done 主语+ had+ been+done be+done→been + = 语法串讲·融会贯通 (1)过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。 By the time the teacher came in, the first experiment had been finished. 老师进来的时候,第一个实验已经完成了。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came in. 老师进来之前教室还没有打扫。 Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting started? 会议开始前讨论过这个新计划吗? 语法串讲·融会贯通 用法1: 表示在过去某个动作或者时间之前就已经发生或者已经完成的被动动作，常常与by, before, 等引导的时间状语（从句）连用。 我们到那里时，所有的票都卖完了。 By the time we got there , all the tickets had been sold out. By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes. 将下列句子改为被动句 They had constructed a new bridge over the river by the end of the last month. 语法串讲·融会贯通 用法2: 表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。 常常与for, since 引导的时间状语（从句）连用 it was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks. 据报道，这场拍卖会已经做了几个星期的广告了 He told us that he had done the reach for five years. He said that he had made great progress since he came here. He suddenly remember that he had left the key at home. 将下列句子改为被动句 常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought, 等动词后引导的宾语从句（或间接引语中），表示这些动作之前就发生的被动动作。 语法串讲·融会贯通 Scarcely /Rarely/Hardly/ (过去完成时)（部分倒装）+when + 句子（过去时）或 No sooner (过去完成时)（部分倒装）+than…+句子（过去时）句型中，表示“刚….就……, 一…….就……”.当从句中主语为动作的承受者时，从句中用过去完成时的被动语态； 用法4: Hardly had the front door been opened when we could smell something burning. 前门一被打开，我们就能闻到烧焦的气味。 It / This / That was the first / second / ... time + that从句，当从句中主语为动作的承受者时，从句中用过去完成时的被动语态； 用法5: It was the first time that he had been awarded. 这是他第一次获奖 语法串讲·融会贯通 即时检测 1．Hopefully, another ten volunteers               (select) to work in the new exhibition by the end of last week. 2．When we reached the airport, we found that all the flights           (cancel) due to the storm. 3．All the employees working in the store           (hire) by the end of last month. 4．By the end of last year, Aesop's Fables            (translate) into many languages and were known all over the world. 5．He hurried to get to the cinema，only to find the tickets          (sell) out. had been selected had been cancelled had been hired had been translated sold/had been sold 语法串讲·融会贯通 即时检测 6．The goods          (unload) when we arrived at the airport. 7．This film         (show) at this time yesterday. 8．The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which             (place) under the Minister’s car.   9．By the end of last week, enough money          (raise) for the project. 10．He was upset, because his car                   (damage) seriously. 11．The thief          (trap) in the river for five hours, so he looked pale and exhausted. 12．The book                (revise) many times before it was published. were being unloaded was being shown had been placed had been raised had been damaged had been trapped had been revised 语法串讲·融会贯通 非限制性定语从句 Draw a mind map of attributive clauses. 物: 人: 修饰名词或代词做定语的从句 先行词+关系词+从句 that, which, whose, as that,who,whom,whose,as when, where, why 非限制性？ 语法串讲·融会贯通 定语从句 THE ATRIBUTIVE CLAUSE 定从的分类 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 我们一样吗？ 我们不一样~ I like the boy. I like the boy who is cleaning the room. I like Tom, who is cleaning the room. 限制性定语从句 修饰限制先行词 翻译为“...的...” 非限制性定语从句 补充说明主句 翻译时另起一句 我喜欢那个正在打扫房间的男孩 我喜欢汤姆，他正在打扫房间 语法串讲·融会贯通 非限制性定语从句 关系代词 关系副词 限制性 人：that, who, whom 时间：when 物：which, as 地点：where 原因：why 所属：whose 非限制性 人：who, whom 时间：when 物：which, as 地点：where 所属：whose 原因： 是对先行词加以描述、解释或补充说明的定语从句。它不是句中不可或缺的部分，去掉此句不会影响主句意思的完整性。 概述 关系词 语法串讲·融会贯通 My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day. 我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。 （限制性定语从句） My sister, who works in Shanghai, sends me an email almost every day. 我姐姐在上海工作，几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。 （非限制性定语从句） 1.逗号和翻译 语法串讲·融会贯通 33 Something that is important should be remembered. The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. 2.先行词： 先行词是名词 先行词是代词 They won the first prize, which made his mum happy. 先行词是句子 限制性定语从句的先行词常常是名词或代词。 非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或整个句子。 语法串讲·融会贯通 34 The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is very interesting. 3.关系词 The man (whom/who/that) I saw at the park is my boss. The city, which we visited last year, is very beautiful. 【限制性定语从句】 【非限制性定语从句】 限制性定语从句关系代词作宾语时可省略，非限制性定语从句所有关系代词均不可省略 语法串讲·融会贯通 35 The man who/that is talking to John is my uncle . 3.关系词 The book which/that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 非限制性定语从句关系代词不能用that The man, who is talking to John, is my uncle. The book, which I borrowed from the library, is very interesting. 语法串讲·融会贯通 36 He gave a reason, why he was absent from the meeting. 3.关系词 He gave a reason why he was absent from the meeting. 非限制性定语从句关系副词不用why，用for which去替换。 I don't know the reason why she is so angry. I don't know the reason, for which she is so angry. 语法串讲·融会贯通 37 The man who/that/whom she is talking to is my uncle . 3.关系词 非限制性定语从句关系代词不能用that/who去替换whom The man, whom she is talking to, is my uncle. 语法串讲·融会贯通 38 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 从句与先行词不需要用逗号隔开，译成一句话 从句与先行词需要用逗号隔开,可译成两句话 先行词是名词或代词 先行词可以是名词，代词或整个主句 关系代词有时可以省略（作宾语时） 关系代词不可以省略 关系词可以用that,why 关系词不可以用that,why (for which) whom可用who或that代替 whom不可被代替 语法串讲·融会贯通 1.非限制性定语从句常常位于句末,但也可位于句中, 这时前后都需要用逗号隔开。 The children, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained. 那些孩子都想踢足球,（因而）因下雨感到失望。 2.“介词+关系代词”也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 先行词指人时, 关系代词用whom, 不可用who/that 先行词指物时, 关系代词用which, 不能用that。 非限制性定语从句需要注意的问题 语法串讲·融会贯通 常见的as引导非限制性定语从句句型 As we all know，正如我们都知道的 As is known to all 正如我们都知道的 as is expected 不出所料 as is often the case 这是经常发生的/这是常有的事 as is reported正如报道的 As the saying goes, 俗话说 as you can see正如你看到的 语法串讲·融会贯通 As everyone knows, China is a country with a long history. She is a great hero, as is described in the report. He invited me to dinner, which made me very happy. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 观察并思考：关系词as和which的区别？ 归纳 ： as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时可代替整个主句。 as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的位置不同: as引导的定语从句可置于___________________，而which引导的非限制性定语从句不可放在_______。 句首、句中、句后 句首 语法串讲·融会贯通 限制性定语从句如何做题？ 1.划分主从句 2.找出先行词 3.补全从句 判断是否缺少主干成分 是 否 缺主语：指人 Who/that 指物 which/that 充当定语：指人/物 whose 缺宾语： 指人 Who/that/whom/不填 指物 which/that/不填 充当状语：when/where/why 语法串讲·融会贯通 1. She heard a terrible noise, _________frightened her. 2. She heard a terrible noise ____________ frightened her. 3. I had told them the reason, _________ I didn't attend the meeting. 4. I had told them the reason _______________ I didn't attend the meeting. 5. He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,_________ he loved and respected as his own mother. 6. He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother________________ he loved and respected as his own mother. 7. Do you know Tom ________________ we talked about? 8. Do you know Tom, _________ we talked about? which which/that for which why/for which whom （who/whom/that） (who/whom/that) whom 单句语法填空 44 9. Things will turn out contrary to one's wishes, __________is often the case. 10.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of 　　　　    uses it differently. 11. The car, for ___________ I paid a lot of money, is now out of date. 12. I suggest you go to a specialist(专家), from___________ you can get answers to most of your questions. 13. In this chapter(章节), one of our problems is to discover the principles on ______ these tests are based. 14.　　   is known to everybody, laughter is healthier than anger . as which whom which As which 第四部分 考场练兵·实战训练 语法串讲 即时检测 一、单句语法填空 1.（2021 浙江卷改编）By the time the firemen arrived, the big fire _______________(put out) by the local residents. 2.（2022 新高考 I 卷改编）The future city _______________(describe) in the book will be equipped with solar-powered transport. 3.He is the only one of the students who _______________(award) the special scholarship for his adventurous spirit. 4.The intelligent robot _______________(we design) last year can help with household chores efficiently. 5.By 2030, more than 30% of the world’s energy _______________(generate) from solar power, according to the report. we designed will have been generated had been put out described   has been awarded 考场练兵·实战训练 6.【2023 新课标 II 卷】The library where we often study has been renovated, . provides a better reading environment. 7.【2022 天津卷】Before he became a famous explorer, he （train）hard for outdoor activities for years. 8.【2021 全国甲卷】The new technology that was invented last year （use） in future-life related projects. 9.【2020 浙江卷】She talked about the future city, people can travel by driverless cars. 10.【2019 全国 III 卷】By the time the project was completed, it (support)by many science and technology companies. which had been training has been used in which had been supported 考场练兵·实战训练 48 考场练兵·实战训练 二、语法填空 It is known that adventure and exploration have always been part of human nature. Many explorers 1. _______________(devote) their lives to discovering the unknown. One of the most famous explorers is Ernest Shackleton, 2. _______________ led the Antarctic expedition in 1914. Before his team set out, they 3. _______________(prepare) carefully for the harsh conditions. However, their ship 4. _______________(trap) by ice soon after they arrived in the Antarctic.In the face of disaster, Shackleton and his men showed great endurance. They abandoned the ship and 5. _______________(struggle) for survival in the freezing weather. For months, they lived in temporary shelters and relied on limited supplies. Finally, they 6. _______________(rescue) by a whaling ship after a dangerous journey.Shackleton’s story has inspired many people. It shows that human beings can overcome great difficulties 7. _______________ they have strong will. Today, his experience is still studied by those 8. _______________ are interested in adventure and leadership.Looking to the future, technology will provide more support for explorers. For example, solar-powered equipment and intelligent robots 9. _______________(use) to make exploration safer and more efficient. However, the spirit of adventure 10. _______________(remain) the same—curiosity and courage will always drive people to explore the world. have devoted who had prepared was trapped struggled were rescued if/when who will be used will remain 感谢聆听 每天解决一个小问题，每周攻克 一个薄弱点，量变终会引发质变。 教师寄语 $