精品解析：上海市南洋模范中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月初态考试英语试题

2024学年第一学期南模中学高二年级初态考 高二英语学科 (考试时间120分钟，满分140) Ⅰ.Listening Comprehension (25%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. By the seaside. B. In a restaurant. C. In a supermarket. D. At home. 2. A. Driving the private car costs little. B. Taking subway requires a special pass. C. It’s more convenient to carry canned fish by private cars. D. It’s uncomfortable to take the subway. 3. A. A phone company clerk. B. A mechanic. C. A travel agent. D. A marriage consultant. 4. A. The woman should go out to work. B. The woman should take charge of the cleaning herself. C. Maids are not very trustworthy these days. D. He contributes a lot to the family economy. 5. A. He is not clever enough for the math club. B. He doesn’t have enough enthusiasm to explore math. C. He lacks former experiences in math study. D. He will be sooner or later admitted into the math club. 6. A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 7. 7. A. The woman was mistaken about where she lost her iPad. B. The woman’s iPad might be kept well in the library. C. There’s a very slight chance of finding back her iPad. D. Her iPad is for public use so she might as well buy a new one. 8. A. As a science fiction fan, she has already seen the film. B She will go to deal with a dental problem then. C. She will go for a business appointment then. D. She is not very happy to go to see a film with the man. 9. A. Her personal feeling quite contrasts with the research finding. B. Reading books is teenagers’ favorite activity. C. All the researches are offering misleading information. D. Mobile phones have taken none of teenagers’ leisure time. 10. A. Previous customers have bought up the ovens on sale. B. Many other goods on sale are still available. C. The man can buy the oven through other channels. D. The oven is now sold at regular price. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. To take advantage of cheap sugar cane. B. To reduce carbon dioxide emission. C. To add a selling point for its cola. D. To attract more young customers. 12. A. To exchange food recipe with these companies. B. To share customer information with these companies. C. To get investments from these companies. D. To relieve these company's dependence on petroleum. 13. A. Coca-Cola’s new ways to cut costs. B. Coca-Cola’s transfer to recyclable plant plastics. C. Coca-Cola’s successful partnerships with other business giants. D. Coca-Cola’s efforts to pay more attention to customers’ needs. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. It provides jet bursts to strongly clean the body. B. It installs noise-masking effect equipment. C. It has a private doctor standby the toilet. D. It collects one’s physical data when the toilet is used. 15. A. The toilet will be more economical on water. B. User’s doctor can instantly get the data. C. A device inside the basin will be installed. D. Treatment suggestions will be delivered to the doctor. 16. A. Because young people are not keen on innovations. B. Because young people are suspicious of the toilet’s function. C. Because the retail price is high for the young. D. Because young people don’t know much about the product. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Because it’s an experienced car rental agency. B. Because it provides big discount on the rent. C. Because it’s convenient to collect the car after arrival. D. Because it offers commute cars and cars for long trip. 18. A. Unreliable technology. B. Short battery life. C. Potential radiation from electricity. D. Lack of charging points. 19. A. €370. B. €400. C. €530. D. €560. 20. A. Car rental service fee. B. Insurance fee. C. Gas fee. D. Traffic fine. Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary (20’) Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. China’s robotaxis are racing ahead If autonomous cars are supposed to make life easy then Apollo Go, the robotaxi unit of Baidu, still has work to do. Apollo Go, launched in Wuhan in 2022, has expanded to ten other Chinese cities and has been a hit. Its service ___1___(carry) out 6m rides nationwide. It now has more than 400 driverless cars in Wuhan and plans to have 1,000 running on the road by the end of this year. Chinese carmakers including Hongqi and Arcfox make the vehicles for Baidu, which provides the technology. Most of its cars in Wuhan have “level four” autonomy, which means they do not require human intervention in most situations on the road but can get muddled in areas such as parking garages-which might explain ___2___ it asks customers to walk through the city’s sweltering heat. The reason why Apollo Go has, nevertheless, gained such favour ___3___ riders is that it is astonishingly cheap. Your correspondent’s 11-minute spin cost just 9.84 yuan ($1.35). Such fares are possible thanks to the generosity of Baidu, which ___4___ (cover) around 60% of the cost of a ride. That is not sustainable. But, ___5___ the decreasing costs, the company reckons its robotaxis in Wuhan will break even by the end of the year and turn a profit in 2025. Drivers account for about half of the total cost for a conventional ride-hailing service. But a variety of other expenses ___6___ (associate) with autonomous vehicles-from maintenance and cleaning to sensors and, most importantly, the software on ___7___ they run — have so far prevented them being a cheaper substitute. Baidu sees that changing. In May it unveiled its sixth-generation vehicle, which costs less than half the previous model, and plans to upgrade the fleet in Wuhan. As the business has expanded, the supply chain has matured and Baidu has been able to spread the cost of developing and updating its technology over more vehicles. One group that is not thrilled by Baidu’s success is Wuhan’s cabbies. When asked ___8___ taxi drivers’ jobs will be affected, one insists that it “is already happening”. Another driver says he admires Baidu’s technological advances but worries his job will be “stolen”. Last month a taxi company in the city published an open letter warning of the threat that autonomous cars posed to employment. About 10m people are employed as cabbies in China，of ___9___ about 7m work for ride-hailing firms, in many cases after losing their jobs in another industry. China’s eager to gain ____10____ edge in emerging industries. In June the city of Beijing drafted a new set of guidelines for autonomous driving that HSBC, a bank, says will make regulation of the industry more “transparent and predictable”. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. weigh B. bound C. details D. collaboratively E. undisciplined F. merit. G. frowned H. giant I. average J. harbours K. solely Is it better to be an early bird or a night owl? Rare is the chief executive who values the virtues of a lie-in. Tim Cook, boss of Apple, maker of the iPhone, wakes between 4am and 5am. So does Bob Iger, his counterpart at Disney, a media ____11____. According to one survey, two-thirds of the chief executives of large American companies are up by 6 o’clock; for ____12____ Americans the share is less than one in three. For those aspiring to corporate greatness, the message seems clear: you snooze, you lose. Your guest Bartleby ____13____ no such ambitions. But he has, in the past, experimented with early starts, and can confirm that their benefits go beyond the smug sense of satisfaction that comes from arriving at your desk before your editor. Inboxes can be cleared and tricky problems mulled over before the rapid and continuous delivery of emails and meetings begins, leaving you feeling well prepared for the day ahead. Those quiet hours of the morning need not be spent ____14____ on work. In a popular genre of TikTok videos, influencers film themselves performing elaborate morning routines in which they submerge themselves in ice baths, recite affirmations and mindfully prepare coffees. In one widely pilloried video, Kris Krohn, a business coach, ____15____ how he wakes at 4 in the morning to “align the pharmacy of the body and over-dopamine the mind”. Although Mr Krohn’s routine may lack scientific proof, plenty of research finds ____16____ in early rising. In a study conducted in 2012 by Renée Biss and Lynn Hasher, then both at the University of Toronto, early birds reported feeling happier and healthier. Night owls, their nocturnal opposites, tend to have less sleep, which can ____17____ on their mood and health — as well as their productivity. Andrew Conlin of the University of Oulu, in Finland, and co-authors found that men who rose late made 4% less money than those who were up early. Early birds are certainly held in higher regard. Rolling into the office late continues to be ____18____upon in most workplaces. A study published in 2022 by Jessica Dietch of Oregon State University and her co-authors found that night owls were perceived by respondents as being “lazy”, “____19____” and “immature”. To pile on the stereotypes, they are fatter, too, according to research by Lap Ah Tse of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and colleagues. Rising early is not, though, all upside. Those ready and waiting to receive work when the boss arrives may be given more of it. If the early bird gets the worm, the clever worm stays in bed. Urgent tasks often come up during the day, meaning that those who come in early may end up working just as late as their dawn-averse colleagues. The more emails you send in the morning, the more responses you are ____20____ to get back. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension(55’) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Deepfake Are Deeply Troubling A recent video on the internet has Coco Lee, who died last year, talking to her fans and saying, “From the moment I left this world, I can always feel your endless love and support.” The video looked ____21____, but it was a “deepfake” created by AI. AI has ____22____ to the point where it has become difficult to distinguish what is real from what isn’t. These types of deepfakes are now all over the internet where we see people, usually celebrities and politicians, saying things which they didn’t really say. One “deepfake” has Taylor Swift ____23____ a brand of cookware. Some “creative” person used AI to manipulate (操控) her image and ____24____ to make it appear that she were speaking for the product. But there is a more ____25____ trend in deepfakes that has become more prevalent (普遍的). As with the Coco Lee deepfake, there are people using AI to “resurrect (复活)” their lost loved ones and ____26____ them. In one recent high-profile case you’re probably aware of, the famous musician Bao Xiaobo used AI to “resurrect” his daughter, who died at the age of twenty-two. With the technology, he is able to talk to her and ask her questions. Though he knew it was fake, he didn’t ____27____because he missed her very much. The ____28____ consequences of not “letting go” of a loved one can be serious. It may cause a person to live in a fantasy world instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving and ____29____ with his or her life. _____30_____, there is a legal aspect to AI deepfakes which has yet to be thoroughly considered. Can a dead person’s image be manipulated to say things which they didn’t say and wouldn’t have said if they were _____31_____? Can a person’s image be copyrighted to prevent this from happening? These are some of the questions that _____32_____ will have to consider, and courts will have to decide. In 1931, the British author Aldous Huxley wrote a novel called Brave New World, which was about a future _____33_____ by technology. In many ways we are living in this “Brave New World” and are _____34_____ our “humanity” with all its faults, virtues and limitations. I’m sorry that Coco Lee is gone, and I’m sorry that Tino Bao’s daughter is gone, but grieving is a part of life, and grief, as they say, is the _____35_____for love. 21. A. interesting B. affectionate C. joyful D. authentic 22. A. sweated B. certified C. progressed D. reacted 23. A. crafting B. promoting C. sampling D. releasing 24. A. identity B. weight C. mind D. voice 25. A. disturbing B. outstanding C. struggling D. entertaining 26. A. look after B. bring up C. interact with D. benefit from 27. A. regret B. admit C. participate D. care 28. A. ethical B. psychological C. imaginary D. financial 29. A. putting up B. coming down C. moving on D. ending up 30. A. Relatively B. Consequently C. Likely D. Additionally 31. A. conscious B. alive C. present D. mindful 32. A. scientists B. creators C. applicants D. lawmakers 33. A. threatened B. innovated C. inhabited D. dominated 34. A. bombarding B. modifying C. losing D. replacing 35. A. signal B. price C. mission D. foundation Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) They say a cat has nine lives, and I think that possible since I am now living my third life and I’m not even a cat. My father died when I was 15, and we had a hard struggle to make a living. And my mother, who was seriously ill in her last years, died while still in her 60s. My sister married soon after, and I followed her example within the year. This was when I began to enjoy my first life. I was very happy, in excellent health. I had a good job in San Jose and a beautiful home up the peninsula in San Carlos. Life was a pleasant dream. Then the dream ended. I became afflicted(使苦恼) with a slowly progressive disease of the motor nerves, affecting first my right arm and leg, and then my other side. Thus began my second life... In spite of my disease I still drove to and from work each day, with the aid of special equipment installed in my car. And I managed to keep my health and optimism, to a degree, because of 14 steps. Crazy? Not at all. Our home was an affair with 14 steps leading up from the garage to the kitchen door. Those steps were a standard measure of life. They were my yardstick, my challenge to continue living. I felt that if the day arrived when I was unable to lift one foot up one step and then drag the other painfully after it-repeating the process 14 times, I would be through-I could then admit defeat and lie down and die. Then on a dark night in August, 1971, I began my third life. It was raining when I started home that night; strong winds and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less-traveled roads. Suddenly the steering wheel jerked(猝然一动). In the same instant I heard the bang of a blowout. It was impossible for me to change that tire! Utterly impossible! I started the engine and thumped(砰然地响) slowly along until I came to the dirt road, where I turned in and where I found lighted windows welcomed me to a house and pulled into the driveway and blared the horn. The door opened and a little girl stood there. When she knew what happened to me, she went into the house and a moment later came out, followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting. I sat there comfortable and dry, and felt a bit sorry for the man and the little girl working so hard in the storm. About an hour later, the man’s voice was heard, “This is a bad night for car trouble, but you’re all set now.” “Thanks,” I said. “How much do I owe you?” He shook his head, “Nothing. Cynthia told me you were a cripple(跛者). Glad to be of help. I know you’d do the same for me. There’s no charge, friend.” I held out a five-dollar bill, “No! I like to pay my way.” He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly, “Grandpa can’t see it. ” 36. “A cat has nine lives” here means ______ . A. a cat can live nine times longer than any other animal B. a cat can die ninth C. a lucky man cannot die easily D. the writer will live nine times 37. What do you think of the man who helped change the tire? A. Warm-hearted but pitiable B. Warm-hearted and happy C. A blind old man that has nothing to do every day D. A poor old man that is always ready to help others 38. How will the story be ended? A. The writer paid the little girl but the old man did not accept. B. The writer drove away with tears running down his cheek. C. The writer stayed there, without knowing what to do and how to do. D. In the next few frozen seconds the writer felt the shame and astonishment he had never felt before. 39. The best title for this passage perhaps will be ______. A. The Old Man and His Daughter B. Heart Leaping Up C. Never Lose Heart D. Good Will Be Rewarded Good (B) These animal dads have some seriously strange ideas about fatherhood. Barbary macaque Unlike human dads boasting of their kids' winning contests or college acceptances, barbary macaques, monkeys that are native to North Africa, show off babies as a way to impress each other and build social networks. These monkeys live in troops of about 30 members, and life centers around the babies born each spring. During baby season, males carry the infants, even picking up little ones that aren’t their own offspring (后代). However, there are status symbols, used to build male social networks and connections within the group. The infants can serve as a social passport, to approach other males and hang out with them. After all, it’s much simpler to break the ice if you have a cute baby in hand. Sand grouse Lots of dads bring home the bacon. But for young sand grouses living in Namibia’s dry deserts, water is the essential resource. Sand grouse fathers are the frequent flyers that travel almost 125 miles each day to fill up for the family at a watering hole. With no other way to transport water, male sand grouses settle in the pool, rocking back and forth to bathe their belly feathers. Filling up can take 15 minutes, leaving them exposed to killers like falcons (猎鹰). But it all pays off. The dads return home after a long day and are able to provide their babies with few precious tablespoons of liquid. Pipefish Pregnant pipefish males-yes, males-give birth to live young from eggs that females deposit in their brood pouches (育儿袋). This mothering act has earned them praise as devoted animal dads. But it turns out that the pregnant pipefish also has a wandering eye. If he sees a bigger female he often aborts (流产) existing eggs. If he stops exporting nutrients to the developing embryos (胚胎) while reabsorbing nutrients from abortions, he assures enough resources to invest in the more rewarding offspring. Blue poison dart frog Females of this species lay only about half a dozen precious eggs. That is maybe why dads are so devoted to them. Frog eggs must stay watery or moist and these devoted dads accomplish that by regularly urinating on them over the course of 10 days, until they hatch (孵化) as tadpoles. 40. Barbary macaques carry their kids around in order to _____. A. show how proud they are about being a father. B. show their family strength within monkey groups. C. center around their kids as a tradition. D. build up better relations with other monkeys. 41. The resource of water or liquid is precious to _____. A. barbary macaque and sand grouse. B. sand grouse and pipefish. C. pipefish and blue poison dart frog. D. sand grouse and blue poison dart frog. 42. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Sand grouse carries the water by drinking it first and then spitting it out. B. Pipefish gives up some eggs in order to make himself stronger. C. Male blue poison dart frog protects the eggs by keeping them wet. D. Sand grouse has to compete for water with the falcon. (C) In many places, levelling up has been a boon for one sort of building. Derby put on an impressive show at the opening of its market hall in 1866. Visitors to the city, some of whom arrived on special trains, heard a performance of Handel’s Messiah and “a powerful and effective organ”. Today the hall echoes with the shouts of scaffolders. The rows of market stalls on the ground floor are lifeless, the traders having moved elsewhere. The building will not reopen until 2024. Even in its half-repaired state, Derby Market Hall is spectacular. It has a vast roof of glass and wood, with iron supports. It looks a little like St Pancras Station in London, which is not a surprise--the engineer Rowland Mason Ordish worked on both. Derby Council proudly expresses the comparison the other way around. St Pancras, it says, “has a comparable splendour to the roof of Derby Market Hall”. The Midlands and north of England are studded with Victorian market halls, which are frequently among the grandest buildings in their towns. Many are now being spruced up. Work is under way, or expected to begin soon, on market buildings in Brighouse, Bury, Carlisle, Derby, Doncaster, Goole, Lincoln, Newcastle and Southport. Newport market in Wales reopened in March. In many places, the single most tangible consequence of the government’s “levelling up” programme to reduce regional inequality is that something is being done to the indoor market. Market halls were one weapon in the 19th-century campaign against street traders. People who hawked food from carts and baskets were accused of obstructing traffic, cheating shoppers and creating noise and disorder. They were a “crying evil”, as the burghers of Bolton put it. The traders were swept from the streets and into covered halls, where intense competition would in theory keep prices low. Few halls were built in London or south-east England. London was by the 19th century far too large for centralised retail markets to fulfil people’s needs. Because every town wanted a more spectacular market hall than its neighbours, they became enormous and ornate. They were orderly, at least in theory. Drunk customers were barred Wolverhampton hired a market policeman to crack down on loitering boys; a hall in Newton Abbot even had a jail cell. In Leeds fruit-sellers were reprimanded for their “habit of making a great noise and wearing an objectionable costume in front of their shops, causing annoyance to the other tenants, and unduly attracting customers”. 43. According to the first two paragraphs, what event marked the opening of Derby Market Hall in1866? A. The arrival of a famous architect. B. A grand performance of Handel’s Messiah. C The introduction of new market stalls. D. The announcement of a restoration project. 44. What is the meaning of the word “spruced up” in the context of the passage? A. Destroyed. B. Improved. C. Expanded. D. Abandoned. 45. Based on paragraph 4, what underlying social issues were Victorian market halls attempting to address? A. They aimed to improve architectural aesthetics in towns with grand buildings. B. They sought to control street traders accused of causing public disturbances and unfair trading practices. C. They were designed to centralize retail markets in response to overcrowded city conditions. D. They intended to boost local economies by creating more commercial opportunities for townspeople. 46. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Victorian Market Halls of London B. The Decline of Traditional Market Stalls C. The Restoration and Legacy of Victorian Market Halls D. The Role of Street Traders in 19th-Century England Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given behind. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given behind. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Living off grid When you need electricity, you just plug in the machine and switch it on. If you need water, you turn on the tap. ____47____ For many people, these facilities are the basics of civilized society and the idea of living without them seems risky. Yet for a growing number of people, the idea of living off grid — without electricity, water or sewage — is an increasingly attractive lifestyle. Off-gridders do not have to give up electricity or a modern lifestyle — some choose to, but most use small hydroelectric power systems, solar panels or windmills to generate enough power for their needs. Heating and cooking needs are met by solar energy or wood burning systems, and toilet facilities range from non-water toilets to outside compost toilets. ____48____ It ranges from traditional yurts (a type of tent) to luxury house with high-speed internet and central heating. Whether they live in simple homes or luxury houses, what they all have in common is that their lifestyles do not create any pollution or carbon emissions — the ultimate goal for off-gridders. Around 100,000 people are thought to be living off grid in the UK now. ____49____ They grow their own food, home-school their children and provide their own medical care. They are people who have been priced out of the housing market or who have grown disillusioned with what modern society can offer and who decides that an alternative lifestyle isn’t a pipe dream, but a viable option. A part from living an alternative lifestyle, cost is a big factor in choosing to live off-grid. Off-grid houses are far cheaper to build than ordinary homes since they don’t need to be connected to the electricity or water supplies and even road access is not necessary. Materials tend to be cheaper, too. Popular options include straw or old tyres and cement. Surprisingly, the biggest problem off-gridders face is not building their homes or becoming self-sufficient but getting permission to build. Rural areas away from town are the perfect choice but these are often protected by law from construction of any kind or have building restrictions. There are now several websites dedicated to land-sharing so that the costs of buying land and getting permission can be shared, and there are increasing numbers of off-grid communities. ____50____ Off-gridding could soon be common all over Europe and America. A. Many are self-sufficient, not just providing their own electricity, water and sewage systems, but in all aspects. B. After you use the toilet, you flush it and the waste disappears. C. This shift from individual to group off-gridding reflects the fact that the trend is growing noticeably. D. They live in a huge variety of types of accommodation. E. Living off-grid still has a long way to go before it becomes a mainstream way of living. F. Rather than building permanent homes, vans or mobile homes or even old shipping containers are other options. Section D. Complete the chart Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN 5 words. You may use your own words. Should Our Societies Go Cashless? The rise of contactless payment and digital wallets is making cash useless in a lot of cities. In fact, those who are still used to paying with “real” cash would feel like aliens in Sweden. While the Nordic country is still singled out as a rarity for taking the cashless route, it won’t be long before more countries join it by venturing down the same path. One of the biggest benefits of getting rid of cash is the elimination of its anonymity. Cash plays a major role in the crime world which makes going cashless a more transparent alternative. Since all digital transactions leave a record behind, anyone with an interest in learning about the cash flow of a business or individual could easily trace where the money came from. There is another benefit to cashless societies: there no longer needs to be an intermediary to pay extra fees. Today, banks and financial institutions are necessary for supporting the whole wealth system. For those services, intermediaries charge predefined fees that are always paid by the customers. However, we should not rush into things. A completely digital system would leave a lot of people on the outside looking in not just the homeless, but also the elderly who would not know how to deal with cashless systems. Going cashless also has the issue of trace-ability. In a time where there are major concerns surrounding security and privacy, we have a good reason to worry about how the government is going to be able to protect our money. What’s more, the users themselves will have to avoid falling victim to identity theft and online fraud. These are challenges that won’t be easy to solve. It feels like our best bet is leaving space for the shift to happen naturally. It is the only way to ensure no one is left out as we figure out if people are ready to live in a world with no physical wallets. Cashless payment Benefits 1: combating crime with its ____51____ Benefits 2: saving people from ____52____ Drawback 1: excluding certain people in society such as ____53____ Drawback 2: causing potential ____54____ Therefore, we should ____55____ Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 56. 随着我们学习和探索新的领域，我们的词汇自然而然地演变，丰富了表达方式。(evolve) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 57. 年轻时蹉跎的时光，人老了就会想尽办法来弥补，这并不令人惊讶。(surprise n.) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 58. 尽管他的理论一开始饱受质疑，但在随后的岁月中经受了时间的考验，最终被证明是正确的。(prove) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 59. 直到他的导师给了他一个去国外进行学术交流的机会时，他才意识到自己本该在高中和大学时期在英语学习上多花些时间。(It) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ. Guided Writing 60. Directions: Write an English composition in 150-180 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 在快节奏的现代生活中，保持心理健康成为了我们不可忽视的重要课题。请写一篇150-180字的作文，探讨如何在忙碌的生活中找到平衡点，有效维护自己的心理健康和快乐。你可以从以下几个方面展开论述： 1、分析人们产生心理健康问题的原因 2、你认为人们应如何保持心理健康 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. B 16. D 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. A 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年第一学期南模中学高二年级初态考 高二英语学科 (考试时间120分钟，满分140) Ⅰ.Listening Comprehension (25%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. By the seaside. B. In a restaurant. C. In a supermarket. D. At home. 2. A. Driving the private car costs little. B. Taking subway requires a special pass. C. It’s more convenient to carry canned fish by private cars. D. It’s uncomfortable to take the subway. 3. A. A phone company clerk. B. A mechanic. C. A travel agent. D. A marriage consultant. 4. A. The woman should go out to work. B. The woman should take charge of the cleaning herself. C. Maids are not very trustworthy these days. D. He contributes a lot to the family economy. 5. A. He is not clever enough for the math club. B. He doesn’t have enough enthusiasm to explore math. C. He lacks former experiences in math study. D. He will be sooner or later admitted into the math club. 6. A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 7. 7. A. The woman was mistaken about where she lost her iPad. B. The woman’s iPad might be kept well in the library. C. There’s a very slight chance of finding back her iPad. D. Her iPad is for public use so she might as well buy a new one. 8. A. As a science fiction fan, she has already seen the film. B. She will go to deal with a dental problem then. C. She will go for a business appointment then. D. She is not very happy to go to see a film with the man. 9. A. Her personal feeling quite contrasts with the research finding. B. Reading books is teenagers’ favorite activity. C. All the researches are offering misleading information. D. Mobile phones have taken none of teenagers’ leisure time. 10. A. Previous customers have bought up the ovens on sale. B. Many other goods on sale are still available. C. The man can buy the oven through other channels. D. The oven is now sold at regular price. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. To take advantage of cheap sugar cane. B. To reduce carbon dioxide emission. C. To add a selling point for its cola. D. To attract more young customers. 12. A. To exchange food recipe with these companies. B. To share customer information with these companies. C. To get investments from these companies. D. To relieve these company's dependence on petroleum. 13. A. Coca-Cola’s new ways to cut costs. B. Coca-Cola’s transfer to recyclable plant plastics. C. Coca-Cola’s successful partnerships with other business giants. D. Coca-Cola’s efforts to pay more attention to customers’ needs. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. It provides jet bursts to strongly clean the body. B. It installs noise-masking effect equipment. C. It has a private doctor standby the toilet. D. It collects one’s physical data when the toilet is used. 15. A. The toilet will be more economical on water. B. User’s doctor can instantly get the data. C. A device inside the basin will be installed. D. Treatment suggestions will be delivered to the doctor. 16. A. Because young people are not keen on innovations. B. Because young people are suspicious of the toilet’s function. C. Because the retail price is high for the young. D. Because young people don’t know much about the product. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Because it’s an experienced car rental agency. B. Because it provides big discount on the rent. C. Because it’s convenient to collect the car after arrival. D. Because it offers commute cars and cars for long trip. 18. A. Unreliable technology. B. Short battery life. C. Potential radiation from electricity. D. Lack of charging points. 19. A. €370. B. €400. C. €530. D. €560. 20. A. Car rental service fee. B. Insurance fee. C. Gas fee. D. Traffic fine. Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary (20’) Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. China’s robotaxis are racing ahead If autonomous cars are supposed to make life easy, then Apollo Go, the robotaxi unit of Baidu, still has work to do. Apollo Go, launched in Wuhan in 2022, has expanded to ten other Chinese cities and has been a hit. Its service ___1___(carry) out 6m rides nationwide. It now has more than 400 driverless cars in Wuhan and plans to have 1,000 running on the road by the end of this year. Chinese carmakers including Hongqi and Arcfox make the vehicles for Baidu, which provides the technology. Most of its cars in Wuhan have “level four” autonomy, which means they do not require human intervention in most situations on the road but can get muddled in areas such as parking garages-which might explain ___2___ it asks customers to walk through the city’s sweltering heat. The reason why Apollo Go has, nevertheless, gained such favour ___3___ riders is that it is astonishingly cheap. Your correspondent’s 11-minute spin cost just 9.84 yuan ($1.35). Such fares are possible thanks to the generosity of Baidu, which ___4___ (cover) around 60% of the cost of a ride. That is not sustainable. But, ___5___ the decreasing costs, the company reckons its robotaxis in Wuhan will break even by the end of the year and turn a profit in 2025. Drivers account for about half of the total cost for a conventional ride-hailing service. But a variety of other expenses ___6___ (associate) with autonomous vehicles-from maintenance and cleaning to sensors and, most importantly, the software on ___7___ they run — have so far prevented them being a cheaper substitute. Baidu sees that changing. In May it unveiled its sixth-generation vehicle, which costs less than half the previous model, and plans to upgrade the fleet in Wuhan. As the business has expanded, the supply chain has matured and Baidu has been able to spread the cost of developing and updating its technology over more vehicles. One group that is not thrilled by Baidu’s success is Wuhan’s cabbies. When asked ___8___ taxi drivers’ jobs will be affected, one insists that it “is already happening”. Another driver says he admires Baidu’s technological advances but worries his job will be “stolen”. Last month a taxi company in the city published an open letter warning of the threat that autonomous cars posed to employment. About 10m people are employed as cabbies in China，of ___9___ about 7m work for ride-hailing firms, in many cases after losing their jobs in another industry. China’s eager to gain ____10____ edge in emerging industries. In June the city of Beijing drafted a new set of guidelines for autonomous driving that HSBC, a bank, says will make regulation of the industry more “transparent and predictable”. 【答案】1. has carried 2. why 3. of 4. has been covering 5. with 6. associated 7. which 8. whether 9. whom 10. an 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了中国无人驾驶出租车正在飞速发展。 【1题详解】 考查时态。句意：该服务在全国范围内完成了600万次出行。根据句意可知，本句在陈述过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。主语单数，谓语单数。故填has carried。 【2题详解】 考查连接词。句意：该公司在武汉的大多数汽车都是“四级”自动驾驶，这意味着它们在道路上的大多数情况下都不需要人工干预，但在停车场等地方可能会搞混——这或许可以解释为什么它要求客户在城市闷热的天气里步行。explain后接宾语从句，空处表示原因，用连接副词why。故填why。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：然而，阿波罗号之所以受到乘客的青睐，是因为它的价格便宜得惊人。表示所属关系，用介词of。故填of。 【4题详解】 考查时态。句意：这样的车费之所以成为可能，要感谢百度的慷慨解囊，百度承担了约60%的乘车费用。先行词为Baidu，作定语从句的主语，且从句表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，且动作还可能持续下去，用现在完成进行时。故填has been covering。 5题详解】 考查介词。句意：但是，随着成本的下降，该公司预计其在武汉的机器人出租车将在今年年底实现收支平衡，并在2025年实现盈利。表示“随着”，用介词with。故填with。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：但与自动驾驶汽车相关的其他各种费用——从维护和清洁到传感器，最重要的是，它们运行的软件——迄今为止阻碍了它们成为更便宜的替代品。be associated with与……相关，为固定短语，本句为过去分词作定语。故填associated。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：但与自动驾驶汽车相关的其他各种费用——从维护和清洁到传感器，最重要的是，它们运行的软件——迄今为止阻碍了它们成为更便宜的替代品。先行词为the software，作定语从句的宾语，关系代词为which。故填which。 【8题详解】 考查连接词。句意：当被问及出租车司机的工作是否会受到影响时，有人坚称“已经发生了”。asked后接宾语从句，表示“是否”，用连接词that。故填whether。 【9题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在中国，约有1000万人被聘为出租车司机，其中约700万人在叫车公司工作，其中许多人在其他行业失业。先行词为people，作定语从句中of的宾语，关系代词为whom。故填whom。 【10题详解】 考查冠词。句意：其中约有700万人在叫车公司工作，其中许多人在其他行业失业。表示“获得优势”，“gain an edge”，edge为可数名词，表示泛指用不定冠词，edge首字母的元音为辅音音素，故用an。故填an。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. weigh B. bound C. details D. collaboratively E. undisciplined F. merit. G. frowned H. giant I. average J. harbours K. solely Is it better to be an early bird or a night owl? Rare is the chief executive who values the virtues of a lie-in. Tim Cook, boss of Apple, maker of the iPhone, wakes between 4am and 5am. So does Bob Iger, his counterpart at Disney, a media ____11____. According to one survey, two-thirds of the chief executives of large American companies are up by 6 o’clock; for ____12____ Americans the share is less than one in three. For those aspiring to corporate greatness, the message seems clear: you snooze, you lose. Your guest Bartleby ____13____ no such ambitions. But he has, in the past, experimented with early starts, and can confirm that their benefits go beyond the smug sense of satisfaction that comes from arriving at your desk before your editor. Inboxes can be cleared and tricky problems mulled over before the rapid and continuous delivery of emails and meetings begins, leaving you feeling well prepared for the day ahead. Those quiet hours of the morning need not be spent ____14____ on work. In a popular genre of TikTok videos, influencers film themselves performing elaborate morning routines in which they submerge themselves in ice baths, recite affirmations and mindfully prepare coffees. In one widely pilloried video, Kris Krohn, a business coach, ____15____ how he wakes at 4 in the morning to “align the pharmacy of the body and over-dopamine the mind”. Although Mr Krohn’s routine may lack scientific proof, plenty of research finds ____16____ in early rising. In a study conducted in 2012 by Renée Biss and Lynn Hasher, then both at the University of Toronto, early birds reported feeling happier and healthier. Night owls, their nocturnal opposites, tend to have less sleep, which can ____17____ on their mood and health — as well as their productivity. Andrew Conlin of the University of Oulu, in Finland, and co-authors found that men who rose late made 4% less money than those who were up early. Early birds are certainly held in higher regard. Rolling into the office late continues to be ____18____upon in most workplaces. A study published in 2022 by Jessica Dietch of Oregon State University and her co-authors found that night owls were perceived by respondents as being “lazy”, “____19____” and “immature”. To pile on the stereotypes, they are fatter, too, according to research by Lap Ah Tse of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and colleagues. Rising early is not, though, all upside. Those ready and waiting to receive work when the boss arrives may be given more of it. If the early bird gets the worm, the clever worm stays in bed. Urgent tasks often come up during the day, meaning that those who come in early may end up working just as late as their dawn-averse colleagues. The more emails you send in the morning, the more responses you are ____20____ to get back. 【答案】11. H 12. I 13. J 14. K 15. C 16. F 17. A 18. G 19. E 20. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了早起与晚睡（夜猫子）在工作和生活中的不同影响及人们的普遍看法。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：“媒体巨头”迪士尼的首席执行官鲍勃·艾格也是如此。空前为a media，所以空需要名词。giant“巨头”，符合语境，a media giant“媒体巨头”。故选H。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对于普通的美国人，比例不到三分之一。此处需要形容词修饰Americans。average“普通的，平均的”，符合语境。表示和前提到的“美国大公司的首席执行官”形成了对比。故选I。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：你的客人Bartleby并没有这样的抱负。根据句中“But he has, in the past, experimented with early starts”可知，Bartleby并没有那么大的野心。harbour“怀抱，怀有”，符合语境，该动词在句中作谓语，句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语为第三人称单数形式。故选J。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：早晨的安静时光不必仅仅花在工作上。空处需要副词修饰动词spent，表示“早晨的时光不仅仅要花在工作上”，所以副词solely“仅仅”，符合句意。故选K。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：在一则广受批评的视频中，商业教练克瑞斯·克罗恩详细描述了他是如何在凌晨4点起床以“调整身体的药房并过度刺激多巴胺分泌”的。空处为句子的谓语动词，detail为动词“详细说明”，符合语境。句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语为第三人称单数形式。故选C。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管克罗恩的晨间活动可能缺乏科学严谨性，但大量研究发现早起是有好处的。空处需要名词作finds的宾语。merit为名词“优点，价值”，符合语境。故选F。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：与他们对应的是夜猫子，夜猫子往往睡眠时间较少，这会为情绪和健康带来负担，也会影响效率。空处为定语从句的谓语动词。weigh“有影响”，符合语境，表示睡眠时间较少会影响情绪和健康。空处前情态动词can，所以空处需要动原形。故选A。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：在大多数工作场所，迟到仍然是不受欢迎的。be frowned upon“不受欢迎”，为固定搭配，表示“迟到不受欢迎”。故选G。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：由俄勒冈州立大学的杰西卡·迪特奇及其合著者在2022年发布的一项研究发现，夜猫子被受访者认为是“懒惰”、“不守纪律”和“不成熟”的。空处需要形容词，和空前的lazy和空后的immature作并列的表语。undisciplined为形容词“无组织纪律的”，符合语境。故选E。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：而且你早上发送的电子邮件越多，你得到的回复也必定越多。空处需要形容词作表语。bound为形容词“一定会”，构成固定搭配be bound to do sth.“一定做某事”。故选B。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension(55’) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Deepfake Are Deeply Troubling A recent video on the internet has Coco Lee, who died last year, talking to her fans and saying, “From the moment I left this world, I can always feel your endless love and support.” The video looked ____21____, but it was a “deepfake” created by AI. AI has ____22____ to the point where it has become difficult to distinguish what is real from what isn’t. These types of deepfakes are now all over the internet where we see people, usually celebrities and politicians, saying things which they didn’t really say. One “deepfake” has Taylor Swift ____23____ a brand of cookware. Some “creative” person used AI to manipulate (操控) her image and ____24____ to make it appear that she were speaking for the product. But there is a more ____25____ trend in deepfakes that has become more prevalent (普遍的). As with the Coco Lee deepfake, there are people using AI to “resurrect (复活)” their lost loved ones and ____26____ them. In one recent high-profile case you’re probably aware of, the famous musician Bao Xiaobo used AI to “resurrect” his daughter, who died at the age of twenty-two. With the technology, he is able to talk to her and ask her questions. Though he knew it was fake, he didn’t ____27____because he missed her very much. The ____28____ consequences of not “letting go” of a loved one can be serious. It may cause a person to live in a fantasy world instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving and ____29____ with his or her life. _____30_____, there is a legal aspect to AI deepfakes which has yet to be thoroughly considered. Can a dead person’s image be manipulated to say things which they didn’t say and wouldn’t have said if they were _____31_____? Can a person’s image be copyrighted to prevent this from happening? These are some of the questions that _____32_____ will have to consider, and courts will have to decide. In 1931, the British author Aldous Huxley wrote a novel called Brave New World, which was about a future _____33_____ by technology. In many ways we are living in this “Brave New World” and are _____34_____ our “humanity” with all its faults, virtues and limitations. I’m sorry that Coco Lee is gone, and I’m sorry that Tino Bao’s daughter is gone, but grieving is a part of life, and grief, as they say, is the _____35_____for love. 21. A. interesting B. affectionate C. joyful D. authentic 22. A. sweated B. certified C. progressed D. reacted 23. A. crafting B. promoting C. sampling D. releasing 24. A. identity B. weight C. mind D. voice 25. A. disturbing B. outstanding C. struggling D. entertaining 26. A. look after B. bring up C. interact with D. benefit from 27. A. regret B. admit C. participate D. care 28. A. ethical B. psychological C. imaginary D. financial 29. A. putting up B. coming down C. moving on D. ending up 30. A. Relatively B. Consequently C. Likely D. Additionally 31. A. conscious B. alive C. present D. mindful 32. A. scientists B. creators C. applicants D. lawmakers 33. A. threatened B. innovated C. inhabited D. dominated 34. A. bombarding B. modifying C. losing D. replacing 35. A. signal B. price C. mission D. foundation 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. D 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讨论了深度伪造（deepfake）技术的发展及其带来的问题，包括伦理、心理、法律等多个层面的影响。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：视频看起来像真的，但它是由人工智能创造的深度伪造。A. interesting有趣的；B. affectionate表示关爱的；C. joyful快乐的；D. authentic真实的。根据下文“but it was a “deepfake” created by AI”可知，这是AI制作的假视频，由表示转折的but可知，上文中视频看起来像是真的，故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人工智能已经进步到了很难区分真假的地步。A. sweated出汗；B. certified认证；C. progressed进步；D. reacted反应。根据下文“has become difficult to distinguish what is real from what isn’t”可知，现在人们已经很难分辨AI的真假了，这说明AI技术取得了很大进步，故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一个深度伪造视频显示泰勒·斯威夫特正在推广一个炊具品牌。A. crafting制作；B. promoting推广；C. sampling品尝；D. releasing释放。根据下文“make it appear that she were speaking for the product”可知，让名人为自己的产品发声，这是在推广产品，故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些创意人士使用人工智能操纵她的形象和声音，使她看起来像是在为该产品发言。A. identity身份；B. weight重量；C. mind思想；D. voice声音。根据上文“saying things which they didn’t really say”可知，这是操纵她的声音，故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是深度伪造中有一个更令人不安的趋势，这种趋势变得越来越普遍。A. disturbing令人不安的；B. outstanding杰出的；C. struggling挣扎的；D. entertaining娱乐的。根据下文“resurrect their lost loved ones”和上下文对深度伪造的负面描述，AI可以使用死去的人的形象，可知趋势是令人不安的，故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：就像李玟的深度伪造一样，有人使用人工智能复活他们失去的亲人并与他们互动。A. look after照顾；B. bring up提出；C. interact with与……互动；D. benefit from从……获益。根据下文“With the technology, he is able to talk to her and ask her questions.”可知，此处指与人工智能复活的亲人互动。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他知道这是假的，但他并不在意，因为他非常想念她。A. regret后悔；B. admit承认；C. participate参与；D. care关心，在意。根据上下文“Though he knew it was fake”和“he missed her very much”可知，尽管他知道这是假的，但是他非常想念女儿，这让他不介意这是假的。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不放手亲人的心理后果可能很严重。A. ethical道德的；B. psychological心理的；C. imaginary想象的；D. financial财政的，金融的。根据下文“instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving”可知，人们会沉溺于虚幻的世界，而不是接受健康的心理疗愈过程，这是心理问题，故选B项。 29题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这可能导致一个人生活在幻想世界中，而不是接受健康和必要的悲伤过程，并继续他或她的生活。A. putting up举起；B. coming down崩塌，降落；C. moving on前进；D. ending up结束。根据上下文“instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving”可知，作者认为这会导致人们生活在幻想世界，而不是接受健康和必要的悲伤过程，然后继续自己的生活，故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，人工智能深度伪造还有一个法律层面，这个层面尚未得到充分考虑。A. Relatively相对地；B. Consequently因此；C. Likely可能地；D. Additionally此外。根据上文“ The ___8___ consequences of not “letting go” of a loved one can be serious.”以及空后“there is a legal aspect”提出的法律问题，可知是进一步补充说明深度伪造的问题，故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个已故人士的形象可以被操纵说出他们从未说过的以及如果他们活着也不会说的话吗？A. conscious有意识的；B. alive活着的；C. present在场的；D. mindful留意的。根据上下文“Can a dead person’s image be manipulated”以及“if they were”可知，这个句子使用了虚拟语气，表示假如他们活着。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些都是立法者必须考虑的问题，法院将必须做出决定。A. scientists科学家；B. creators创造者；C. applicants申请人；D. lawmakers立法者。根据上文“there is a legal aspect to AI deepfakes”以及下文“courts will have to decide”可知，此处指这是立法者需要考虑的问题。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1931年，英国作家奥尔德斯·赫胥黎写了一本名为《美丽新世界》的小说，这是关于一个由技术支配的未来世界。A. threatened威胁；B. innovated创新；C. inhabited居住；D. dominated支配。根据上文所讲述的人工智能技术以及下文“by technology”可知，此处指被技术支配的未来世界。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在很多方面，我们正生活在这个美丽新世界中，并且正在失去我们的人性，包括它的所有缺点、美德和局限性。A. bombarding轰炸；B. modifying修改；C. losing失去；D. replacing取代。根据上下文“our humanity with all its faults, virtues and limitations”可知，科技是没有人性的，也没有感情，作者认为科技主导的世界是在失去人性，故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很遗憾李玟已经走了，我很遗憾包小柏的女儿已经走了，但悲伤是生活的一部分，正如他们所说，悲伤是爱的代价。A. signal信号；B. price代价；C. mission使命；D. foundation基础。根据上下文“but grieving is a part of life”以及常识可知，悲伤是生命的一部分，是每个人都会经历的事情，因为爱，失去后才会悲伤，这说明悲伤是爱的某种结果或代价，故选B项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) They say a cat has nine lives, and I think that possible since I am now living my third life and I’m not even a cat. My father died when I was 15, and we had a hard struggle to make a living. And my mother, who was seriously ill in her last years, died while still in her 60s. My sister married soon after, and I followed her example within the year. This was when I began to enjoy my first life. I was very happy, in excellent health. I had a good job in San Jose and a beautiful home up the peninsula in San Carlos. Life was a pleasant dream. Then the dream ended. I became afflicted(使苦恼) with a slowly progressive disease of the motor nerves, affecting first my right arm and leg, and then my other side. Thus began my second life... In spite of my disease I still drove to and from work each day, with the aid of special equipment installed in my car. And I managed to keep my health and optimism, to a degree, because of 14 steps. Crazy? Not at all. Our home was an affair with 14 steps leading up from the garage to the kitchen door. Those steps were a standard measure of life. They were my yardstick, my challenge to continue living. I felt that if the day arrived when I was unable to lift one foot up one step and then drag the other painfully after it-repeating the process 14 times, I would be through-I could then admit defeat and lie down and die. Then on a dark night in August, 1971, I began my third life. It was raining when I started home that night; strong winds and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less-traveled roads. Suddenly the steering wheel jerked(猝然一动). In the same instant I heard the bang of a blowout. It was impossible for me to change that tire! Utterly impossible! I started the engine and thumped(砰然地响) slowly along until I came to the dirt road, where I turned in and where I found lighted windows welcomed me to a house and pulled into the driveway and blared the horn. The door opened and a little girl stood there. When she knew what happened to me, she went into the house and a moment later came out, followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting. I sat there comfortable and dry, and felt a bit sorry for the man and the little girl working so hard in the storm. About an hour later, the man’s voice was heard, “This is a bad night for car trouble, but you’re all set now.” “Thanks,” I said. “How much do I owe you?” He shook his head, “Nothing. Cynthia told me you were a cripple(跛者). Glad to be of help. I know you’d do the same for me. There’s no charge, friend.” I held out a five-dollar bill, “No! I like to pay my way.” He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly, “Grandpa can’t see it. ” 36. “A cat has nine lives” here means ______ . A. a cat can live nine times longer than any other animal B. a cat can die ninth C. a lucky man cannot die easily D. the writer will live nine times 37. What do you think of the man who helped change the tire? A. Warm-hearted but pitiable B. Warm-hearted and happy C. A blind old man that has nothing to do every day D. A poor old man that is always ready to help others 38. How will the story be ended? A. The writer paid the little girl but the old man did not accept. B. The writer drove away with tears running down his cheek. C. The writer stayed there, without knowing what to do and how to do. D. In the next few frozen seconds the writer felt the shame and astonishment he had never felt before. 39. The best title for this passage perhaps will be ______. A. The Old Man and His Daughter B. Heart Leaping Up C. Never Lose Heart D. Good Will Be Rewarded Good 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了作者经历了人生的三个阶段，从健康开朗到残疾抑郁，最后被一个盲人感动重新变得开朗。 【36题详解】 句意猜测题。根据后文I think that possible since I am now living my third life and I’m not even a cat. 他们说猫有九条命，我认为这是可能的，因为我现在过着我的第三次人生，而我甚至不是猫。由此可推知，a cat has nine lives的意思是“一个幸运的人，不容易死”。故选C。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中When she knew what happened to me, she went into the house and a moment later came out, followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting.可知当她知道我发生了什么事时，她进了屋，一会儿就出来了，后面跟着一个男人，他高兴地招呼我。以及最后一段中“Nothing. Cynthia told me you were a cripple. Glad to be of help. I know you’d do the same for me. There’s no charge, friend.”可知“没什么。Cynthia告诉我你是个跛子。很高兴能帮上忙。我知道你也会这么做的。朋友，这是免费的。”结合后文提到了这个人是盲人，可推知这个换轮胎的人热心和快乐。故选B。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly, “Grandpa can’t see it. ”可知他没有去拿，小女孩走到窗边，平静地说:“爷爷看不见。”由此可推知，作者并不知道对方看不见，还递给了他五美元，在得知了他是盲人后，在接下来的几秒钟里，作者感到了从未有过的羞愧和惊讶。故选D。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容讲述了作者经历了人生的三个阶段，从健康开朗到残疾抑郁，最后被一个盲人感动重新变得开朗。故C选项“不要失去信心”符合文章标题。故选C。 【点睛】预测想象推理判断题。常见的与预测相关的问题主要有： What information will probably be provided following the last paragraph？ What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write？ What would……do in the end？ 做这类题时，应通读全文，把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按时间发展的顺序描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系等等来叙述。作者往往在前文提出几个要解决或说明的问题，或提出几个观点，然后在下文一一解释说明。因此，我们可通过下文，找出作者已经阐明的问题或观点。 如第三小题，根据最后一段中He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly, “Grandpa can’t see it. ”可知他没有去拿，小女孩走到窗边，平静地说:“爷爷看不见。”由此可推知，作者并不知道对方看不见，还递给了他五美元，在得知了他是盲人后，在接下来的几秒钟里，作者感到了从未有过的羞愧和惊讶。故选D。 (B) These animal dads have some seriously strange ideas about fatherhood. Barbary macaque Unlike human dads boasting of their kids' winning contests or college acceptances, barbary macaques, monkeys that are native to North Africa, show off babies as a way to impress each other and build social networks. These monkeys live in troops of about 30 members, and life centers around the babies born each spring. During baby season, males carry the infants, even picking up little ones that aren’t their own offspring (后代). However, there are status symbols, used to build male social networks and connections within the group. The infants can serve as a social passport, to approach other males and hang out with them. After all, it’s much simpler to break the ice if you have a cute baby in hand. Sand grouse Lots of dads bring home the bacon. But for young sand grouses living in Namibia’s dry deserts, water is the essential resource. Sand grouse fathers are the frequent flyers that travel almost 125 miles each day to fill up for the family at a watering hole. With no other way to transport water, male sand grouses settle in the pool, rocking back and forth to bathe their belly feathers. Filling up can take 15 minutes, leaving them exposed to killers like falcons (猎鹰). But it all pays off. The dads return home after a long day and are able to provide their babies with few precious tablespoons of liquid. Pipefish Pregnant pipefish males-yes, males-give birth to live young from eggs that females deposit in their brood pouches (育儿袋). This mothering act has earned them praise as devoted animal dads. But it turns out that the pregnant pipefish also has a wandering eye. If he sees a bigger female he often aborts (流产) existing eggs. If he stops exporting nutrients to the developing embryos (胚胎) while reabsorbing nutrients from abortions, he assures enough resources to invest in the more rewarding offspring. Blue poison dart frog Females of this species lay only about half a dozen precious eggs. That is maybe why dads are so devoted to them. Frog eggs must stay watery or moist, and these devoted dads accomplish that by regularly urinating on them over the course of 10 days, until they hatch (孵化) as tadpoles. 40. Barbary macaques carry their kids around in order to _____. A. show how proud they are about being a father. B. show their family strength within monkey groups. C. center around their kids as a tradition. D. build up better relations with other monkeys. 41. The resource of water or liquid is precious to _____. A. barbary macaque and sand grouse. B. sand grouse and pipefish. C. pipefish and blue poison dart frog. D. sand grouse and blue poison dart frog. 42. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Sand grouse carries the water by drinking it first and then spitting it out. B. Pipefish gives up some eggs in order to make himself stronger. C. Male blue poison dart frog protects the eggs by keeping them wet. D. Sand grouse has to compete for water with the falcon. 【答案】40. D 41. D 42. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些动物爸爸作为父亲所具备的一些奇怪的习性。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Barbary macaque小标题下第二段中“However, there are status symbols, used to build male social networks and connections within the group. The infants can serve as a social passport, to approach other males and hang out with them. (然而，还有一些地位象征，用来建立雄性的社会网络和群体内的联系。宝宝可以作为社会通行证，接近其他雄性，和它们一起玩。)”可知，巴巴里猕猴带着他们的孩子到处跑是为了与其他猴子建立更好的关系。故选D项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Sand grouse小标题下第二段中“The dads return home after a long day and are able to provide their babies with few precious tablespoons of liquid.( 经过漫长的一天后，这些爸爸们回到了家，能够给它们的宝宝提供几汤匙珍贵的液体。)”以及Blue poison dart frog小标题下段落中“Frog eggs must stay watery or moist, and these devoted dads accomplish that by regularly urinating on them over the course of 10 days, until they hatch (孵化) as tadpoles.(蛙卵必须保持湿润或潮湿，这些忠诚的爸爸们在10天的时间里定期在它们身上小便，直到它们孵化成蝌蚪。)”可知，水或液体资源对于沙松鸡和蓝箭毒蛙是宝贵的。故选D项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据Blue poison dart frog小标题下段落中“Frog eggs must stay watery or moist, and these devoted dads accomplish that by regularly urinating on them over the course of 10 days, until they hatch (孵化) as tadpoles.(蛙卵必须保持湿润或潮湿，这些忠诚的爸爸们在10天的时间里定期在它们身上小便，直到它们孵化成蝌蚪。)”可知，雄性蓝色箭毒蛙通过保持蛙卵湿润来保护它们。故选C项。 (C) In many places, levelling up has been a boon for one sort of building. Derby put on an impressive show at the opening of its market hall in 1866. Visitors to the city, some of whom arrived on special trains, heard a performance of Handel’s Messiah and “a powerful and effective organ”. Today the hall echoes with the shouts of scaffolders. The rows of market stalls on the ground floor are lifeless, the traders having moved elsewhere. The building will not reopen until 2024. Even in its half-repaired state, Derby Market Hall is spectacular. It has a vast roof of glass and wood, with iron supports. It looks a little like St Pancras Station in London, which is not a surprise--the engineer Rowland Mason Ordish worked on both. Derby Council proudly expresses the comparison the other way around. St Pancras, it says, “has a comparable splendour to the roof of Derby Market Hall”. The Midlands and north of England are studded with Victorian market halls, which are frequently among the grandest buildings in their towns. Many are now being spruced up. Work is under way, or expected to begin soon, on market buildings in Brighouse, Bury, Carlisle, Derby, Doncaster, Goole, Lincoln, Newcastle and Southport. Newport market in Wales reopened in March. In many places, the single most tangible consequence of the government’s “levelling up” programme to reduce regional inequality is that something is being done to the indoor market. Market halls were one weapon in the 19th-century campaign against street traders. People who hawked food from carts and baskets were accused of obstructing traffic, cheating shoppers and creating noise and disorder. They were a “crying evil”, as the burghers of Bolton put it. The traders were swept from the streets and into covered halls, where intense competition would in theory keep prices low. Few halls were built in London or south-east England. London was by the 19th century far too large for centralised retail markets to fulfil people’s needs. Because every town wanted a more spectacular market hall than its neighbours, they became enormous and ornate. They were orderly, at least in theory. Drunk customers were barred Wolverhampton hired a market policeman to crack down on loitering boys; a hall in Newton Abbot even had a jail cell. In Leeds fruit-sellers were reprimanded for their “habit of making a great noise and wearing an objectionable costume in front of their shops, causing annoyance to the other tenants, and unduly attracting customers”. 43. According to the first two paragraphs, what event marked the opening of Derby Market Hall in1866? A. The arrival of a famous architect. B. A grand performance of Handel’s Messiah. C. The introduction of new market stalls. D. The announcement of a restoration project. 44. What is the meaning of the word “spruced up” in the context of the passage? A. Destroyed. B. Improved. C. Expanded. D. Abandoned. 45. Based on paragraph 4, what underlying social issues were Victorian market halls attempting to address? A. They aimed to improve architectural aesthetics in towns with grand buildings. B. They sought to control street traders accused of causing public disturbances and unfair trading practices. C. They were designed to centralize retail markets in response to overcrowded city conditions. D. They intended to boost local economies by creating more commercial opportunities for townspeople. 46. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Victorian Market Halls of London B. The Decline of Traditional Market Stalls C. The Restoration and Legacy of Victorian Market Halls D. The Role of Street Traders in 19th-Century England 【答案】43. B 44. B 45. B 46. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了维多利亚市场大厅的历史、社会作用及现代复兴。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Derby put on an impressive show at the opening of its market hall in 1866. Visitors to the city, some of whom arrived on special trains, heard a performance of Handel’s Messiah and ‘a powerful and effective organ’.(1866年，德比在其市场大厅的开幕式上上演了一场令人印象深刻的演出。访问该城市的游客中，有些是乘坐特别列车到达的，他们听了一场《弥赛亚》的演出，并体验到了“强大而有效的管风琴”演奏。)” 可知，1866 年德比市场大厅开幕时有一场盛大的亨德尔的《弥赛亚》演出。故选B。 44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段的“The Midlands and north of England are studded with Victorian market halls, which are frequently among the grandest buildings in their towns.(英格兰中部和北部遍布着维多利亚时代的市场大厅，这些大厅通常是他们城镇中最宏伟的建筑之一)”以及“Work is under way, or expected to begin soon, on market buildings in Brighouse, Bury, Carlisle, Derby, Doncaster, Goole, Lincoln, Newcastle and Southport.(Brighouse、Bury、Carlisle、Derby、Doncaster、Goole、Lincoln、Newcastle和Southport的市场建筑工程正在进行中，或预计很快开始)”可知，许多市场大厅现在正在被修复或即将开始修复。由此可知，划线短语的意思是“改进，修复”。故选B。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段的“People who hawked food from carts and baskets were accused of obstructing traffic, cheating shoppers and creating noise and disorder. They were a “crying evil”, as the burghers of Bolton put it. The traders were swept from the streets and into covered halls, where intense competition would in theory keep prices low. (从手推车和篮子里兜售食物的人被指控阻碍交通、欺骗购物者、制造噪音和混乱。正如博尔顿市民所说，他们是一个“哭闹的恶魔”。交易员们被从街道上扫地出门，进入有盖的大厅，在那里，激烈的竞争理论上会使价格保持低位)”可推知，维多利亚时代的市场大厅试图控制被指责扰乱公共秩序和不公平贸易行为的街头小贩。故选B。 【46题详解】  主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“In many places, levelling up has been a boon for one sort of building.(在许多地方，升级发展对某一类建筑来说是一件好事)”可知，文章主要讲述了维多利亚时期市场大厅的恢复与遗产，尤其强调现代对这些历史建筑的修复工作。所以“维多利亚时代市场大厅的修复与遗产”适合作本文的标题。故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given behind. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given behind. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Living off grid When you need electricity, you just plug in the machine and switch it on. If you need water, you turn on the tap. ____47____ For many people, these facilities are the basics of civilized society and the idea of living without them seems risky. Yet for a growing number of people, the idea of living off grid — without electricity, water or sewage — is an increasingly attractive lifestyle. Off-gridders do not have to give up electricity or a modern lifestyle — some choose to, but most use small hydroelectric power systems, solar panels or windmills to generate enough power for their needs. Heating and cooking needs are met by solar energy or wood burning systems, and toilet facilities range from non-water toilets to outside compost toilets. ____48____ It ranges from traditional yurts (a type of tent) to luxury house with high-speed internet and central heating. Whether they live in simple homes or luxury houses, what they all have in common is that their lifestyles do not create any pollution or carbon emissions — the ultimate goal for off-gridders. Around 100,000 people are thought to be living off grid in the UK now. ____49____ They grow their own food, home-school their children and provide their own medical care. They are people who have been priced out of the housing market or who have grown disillusioned with what modern society can offer and who decides that an alternative lifestyle isn’t a pipe dream, but a viable option. A part from living an alternative lifestyle, cost is a big factor in choosing to live off-grid. Off-grid houses are far cheaper to build than ordinary homes since they don’t need to be connected to the electricity or water supplies and even road access is not necessary. Materials tend to be cheaper, too. Popular options include straw or old tyres and cement. Surprisingly, the biggest problem off-gridders face is not building their homes or becoming self-sufficient but getting permission to build. Rural areas away from town are the perfect choice but these are often protected by law from construction of any kind or have building restrictions. There are now several websites dedicated to land-sharing so that the costs of buying land and getting permission can be shared, and there are increasing numbers of off-grid communities. ____50____ Off-gridding could soon be common all over Europe and America. A. Many are self-sufficient, not just providing their own electricity, water and sewage systems, but in all aspects. B. After you use the toilet, you flush it and the waste disappears. C. This shift from individual to group off-gridding reflects the fact that the trend is growing noticeably. D. They live in a huge variety of types of accommodation. E. Living off-grid still has a long way to go before it becomes a mainstream way of living. F. Rather than building permanent homes, vans or mobile homes or even old shipping containers are other options. 【答案】47. B 48. D 49. A 50. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新生活——脱离电网的生活。 【47题详解】 根据上文When you need electricity, you just plug in the machine and switch it on. If you need water, you turn on the tap.(你需要电的时候，只要把机器插上电源就可以了。如果你需要水，就打开水龙头)可知，此处是在讲述我们的日常生活。由此可知，B. After you use the toilet, you flush it and the waste disappears.(上完厕所后，冲一冲，排泄物就不见了)符合语境。故选B。 48题详解】 根据下文It ranges from traditional yurts (a type of tent) to luxury house with high-speed internet and central heating.(它的范围从传统的蒙古包（一种帐篷）到带有高速互联网和中央供暖的豪华住宅)可知，D. They live in a huge variety of types of accommodation.(他们住在各种各样的住所里)符合语境。故选D。 【49题详解】 根据下文They grow their own food, home-school their children and provide their own medical care.(他们种植自己的食物，在家教育他们的孩子，并提供自己的医疗保健)可知，A. Many are self-sufficient, not just providing their own electricity, water and sewage systems, but in all aspects. (许多人是自给自足的，不仅提供自己电力、水和排污系统，而且在各个方面都是自给自足的)符合语境。故选A。 【50题详解】 根据上文There are now several websites dedicated to land-sharing so that the costs of buying land and getting permission can be shared, and there are increasing numbers of off-grid communities.(现在有几个网站致力于土地共享，这样购买土地和获得许可的成本可以共享，而且越来越多的离网社区)及下文Off-gridding could soon be common all over Europe and America.(脱离电网的现象很快就会在欧洲和美国普遍存在)由此可知，C. This shift from individual to group off-gridding reflects the fact that the trend is growing noticeably.(这种从个体到群体的偏离反映了一个事实，即这一趋势正在显著增长)符合语境。故选C。 Section D. Complete the chart Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN 5 words. You may use your own words. Should Our Societies Go Cashless? The rise of contactless payment and digital wallets is making cash useless in a lot of cities. In fact, those who are still used to paying with “real” cash would feel like aliens in Sweden. While the Nordic country is still singled out as a rarity for taking the cashless route, it won’t be long before more countries join it by venturing down the same path. One of the biggest benefits of getting rid of cash is the elimination of its anonymity. Cash plays a major role in the crime world, which makes going cashless a more transparent alternative. Since all digital transactions leave a record behind, anyone with an interest in learning about the cash flow of a business or individual could easily trace where the money came from. There is another benefit to cashless societies: there no longer needs to be an intermediary to pay extra fees. Today, banks and financial institutions are necessary for supporting the whole wealth system. For those services, intermediaries charge predefined fees that are always paid by the customers. However, we should not rush into things. A completely digital system would leave a lot of people on the outside looking in not just the homeless, but also the elderly who would not know how to deal with cashless systems. Going cashless also has the issue of trace-ability. In a time where there are major concerns surrounding security and privacy, we have a good reason to worry about how the government is going to be able to protect our money. What’s more, the users themselves will have to avoid falling victim to identity theft and online fraud. These are challenges that won’t be easy to solve. It feels like our best bet is leaving space for the shift to happen naturally. It is the only way to ensure no one is left out as we figure out if people are ready to live in a world with no physical wallets. Cashless payment Benefits 1: combating crime with its ____51____ Benefits 2: saving people from ____52____ Drawback 1: excluding certain people in society such as ____53____ Drawback 2: causing potential ____54____ Therefore, we should ____55____ 【答案】51. traceability 52. extra fees 53. the homeless and the elderly 54. security and privacy concerns 55. let the shift happen naturally 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了无现金社会的利弊及应自然过渡的观点。 【51题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“One of the biggest benefits of getting rid of cash is the elimination of its anonymity. Cash plays a major role in the crime world, which makes going cashless a more transparent alternative. Since all digital transactions leave a record behind, anyone with an interest in learning about the cash flow of a business or individual could easily trace where the money came from.(消除现金的最大好处之一是消除其匿名性。现金在犯罪世界中扮演着重要角色，这使得无现金成为更透明的选择。由于所有数字交易都会留下记录，任何对了解企业或个人的资金流向感兴趣的人都可以轻松追踪资金的来源)”可知，无现金支付的优点之一是它的可追溯性(traceability)，这使得追踪资金的来源变得容易，从而有助于打击犯罪。故答案为traceability。 【52题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“There is another benefit to cashless societies: there no longer needs to be an intermediary to pay extra fees. (无现金社会还有另一个好处：不再需要中介来支付额外费用)”可知，无现金支付的另一个优点是节省了人们支付额外费用(extra fees)的需要，因为不再需要中介来收取这些费用。故答案为extra fees。 【53题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“A completely digital system would leave a lot of people on the outside looking in not just the homeless, but also the elderly who would not know how to deal with cashless systems.(一个完全数字化的系统会让很多人被排除在外，不仅仅是无家可归者，还有不知道如何处理无现金系统的老年人)”可知，无现金支付的缺点之一是排除了社会中的某些人群，如无家可归者和老年人(the homeless and the elderly)，他们可能不知道如何操作无现金系统。故答案为the homeless and the elderly。 【54题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段中“In a time where there are major concerns surrounding security and privacy, we have a good reason to worry about how the government is going to be able to protect our money. What’s more, the users themselves will have to avoid falling victim to identity theft and online fraud.(在安全和隐私备受关注的今天，我们有充分的理由担心政府如何保护我们的资金。此外，用户自己还必须避免成为身份盗窃和网络欺诈的受害者)”可知，数字交易需要保护用户的资金和身份信息安全，无现金支付的另一个缺点是可能引发的安全和隐私问题(security and privacy concerns)。故答案为security and privacy concerns。 【55题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“It feels like our best bet is leaving space for the shift to happen naturally. It is the only way to ensure no one is left out as we figure out if people are ready to live in a world with no physical wallets.(感觉我们最好赌注是为这一转变自然地发生留出空间。这是我们确定人们是否准备好生活在一个没有实体钱包的世界中的唯一方式，也是确保没有人被落下的唯一方式)”可知，作者认为我们应该让无现金支付的转变自然发生(let the shift happen naturally)，以确保没有人被落下，并在人们准备好之前逐步适应这种变化。故答案为let the shift happen naturally。 Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 56. 随着我们学习和探索新的领域，我们的词汇自然而然地演变，丰富了表达方式。(evolve) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As we learn and explore new fields, our vocabulary naturally evolves, enriching our expressions. 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句、时态、非谓语动词。表示“随着我们学习和探索新的领域”用as“随着”引导的时间状语从句，as位于句首，首字母大写。从句中：表示“我们”用we，作主语；表示“学习和探索”用learn and explore，句子描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，且主语为we，谓语用动词原形；表示“新的”用形容词new，作前置定语，修饰名词“领域”；表示“领域”用field，领域不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作earn and explore的宾语。主句中：表示“我们的词汇”用our vocabulary，作主语；表示“自然而然地”用副词naturally，作状语，修饰“演变”；表示“演变”用evolve，且主语为our vocabulary，谓语用第三人称单数；表示“丰富”用enrich，用现在分词，作状语；表示“我们的表达”用our expression的复数，作enriching的宾语。故翻译为As we learn and explore new fields, our vocabulary naturally evolves, enriching our expressions. 57. 年轻时蹉跎的时光，人老了就会想尽办法来弥补，这并不令人惊讶。(surprise n.) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is not surprising that people try to make up for the wasted time in their youth when they get old. 【解析】 【详解】考查形式主语以及主语从句。本句话使用固定句型“It is not surprising that…”，意为“不足为奇的是……”，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。“人老了”用时间状语从句“when they get old”，句子的主语为people，“尽力做某事”可用动词短语try to do sth.。句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态。“弥补”用动词短语make up for，“年轻时蹉跎的时光”可翻译为“the wasted time in their youth”，the wasted time作介词for的宾语。故翻译为It is not surprising that people try to make up for the wasted time in their youth when they get old. 58. 尽管他的理论一开始饱受质疑，但在随后的岁月中经受了时间的考验，最终被证明是正确的。(prove) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although his theory was questioned at the beginning, it proved to be correct in the following years after standing the test of time. 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句以及动词。“尽管”可用连词although，引导让步状语从句。“他的理论”可以翻译为“his theory”，为从句的主语，“质疑”可用动词question，本句话陈述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态，且和主语之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时态的被动语态。“一开始”可以用介词“at the beginning”。主语用代词it，指代his theory，“证明是”可用动词prove，为主句的谓语。“被证明是正确的”可翻译为“prove to be correct”。“在随后的岁月中经受了时间的考验”可以翻译为“in the following years after standing the test of time”。故翻译为Although his theory was questioned at the beginning, it proved to be correct in the following years after standing the test of time. 59. 直到他的导师给了他一个去国外进行学术交流的机会时，他才意识到自己本该在高中和大学时期在英语学习上多花些时间。(It) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It was not until his tutor gave him an opportunity to go abroad for academic exchange that he realized he should have spent more time on English learning in high school and college. 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句型和从句、时态。表示“直到……时”用not until引导时间状语从句，表示“他的导师”用his tutor，“给他一个……的机会”为give him an opportunity to do，表示“去国外进行学术交流”为go abroad for academic exchange，此处将状语从句部分用It was/is+被强调部分+that强调句型进行强调。表示“意识到”用realize。句子为陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。realized后为that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略，表示“本应该”用should have done，表示“在高中和大学时期在英语学习上多花些时间”用spend more time on English learning in high school and college。故翻译为It was not until his tutor gave him an opportunity to go abroad for academic exchange that he realized he should have spent more time on English learning in high school and college. Ⅵ. Guided Writing 60. Directions: Write an English composition in 150-180 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 在快节奏的现代生活中，保持心理健康成为了我们不可忽视的重要课题。请写一篇150-180字的作文，探讨如何在忙碌的生活中找到平衡点，有效维护自己的心理健康和快乐。你可以从以下几个方面展开论述： 1、分析人们产生心理健康问题的原因 2、你认为人们应如何保持心理健康 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 In the fast-paced modern life, maintaining mental health has become an important issue that we cannot ignore. There are several reasons why people may experience mental health problems. Firstly, the high pressure and stress from work, study, and daily life can lead to anxiety and depression. Secondly, the lack of proper communication and support from family and friends can make people feel lonely and isolated. Additionally, the constant exposure to negative information and the comparison with others on social media can also affect people’s self-esteem and confidence. To maintain mental health and happiness, people should take some measures. Firstly, they need to learn to manage stress and time effectively. This can include setting priorities, making a schedule, and taking breaks when needed. Secondly, they should build good relationships with others by communicating and sharing feelings. Thirdly, engaging in physical exercise and hobbies can help release stress and improve mood. Moreover, having a positive mindset and learning to cope with challenges and setbacks is also important. In conclusion, maintaining mental health requires our attention and effort. By taking appropriate measures and finding a balance in life, we can enjoy a healthy and happy life. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生写一篇英语短文，探讨如何在忙碌的生活中找到平衡点，有效维护自己的心理健康和快乐。 【详解】1.词汇积累 导致：lead to→result in 除此之外：additionally→in addition 采取措施：take some measures→take some steps 总之：in conclusion→in a word 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：By taking appropriate measures and finding a balance in life, we can enjoy a healthy and happy life. 拓展句：If we take appropriate measures and find a balance in life, we can enjoy a healthy and happy life. 【点睛】【高分句型1】In the fast-paced modern life, maintaining mental health has become an important issue that we cannot ignore.（运用了that引导的限定性定语从句） 【高分句型2】There are several reasons why people may experience mental health problems. （运用了why引导的限定性定语从句） 听力1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. B 16. D 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. A 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$