内容正文:
高三英语尖子生培优学案:
介词板块专项突破+语法填空真题综合训练
核心目标:
1. 系统梳理介词核心考点及易混点,构建精准用法体系
2. 结合语法填空真题及模拟题,掌握介词类考题的解题逻辑与技巧
3. 提升在语境中灵活运用介词的能力,实现“零失误”突破。
第一部分:介词核心基础知识点精要(语法填空高频导向)
一、高频介词分类及核心用法(结合语法填空语境)
1. 时间类介词:侧重“时态呼应”与“固定搭配”
in: 世纪/年/月/季节/早/午/晚;一段时间内(与完成时连用)
1. He was born in 2005.(年份)
2. We have made great progress in the past three years.(完成时+一段时间)
on:具体日期(日/星期/节日);具体某天的上午/下午/晚上(有修饰词)
1. They will have a party on Christmas Eve.(具体节日前夕)
2. We met on a rainy morning.(有修饰词的上午)
at:具体时刻;固定搭配(at dawn/noon/night);短暂动作
1. The train leaves at 8:30 a.m.(具体时刻)
2. He often reads books at night.(固定搭配)
for:持续一段时间(与完成时/一般过去时连用,表“动作持续时长”)
She has studied English for 10 years.(完成时+持续时长)
since:自从……(后接过去时间点/从句,与现在完成时连用)
He has lived here since 2018.(过去时间点+完成时)
2. 地点类介词:侧重“空间关系”与“固定搭配”
in: 大地点(国家/城市/省份);封闭空间内部
1. She was born in China.(大地点)
2. There is a book in the box.(封闭空间)
at: 小地点(车站/机场/学校/具体地址);门牌号前
1. We waited at the bus stop.(小地点)
2. He lives at 105 Main Street.(门牌号)
on: 物体表面;街道/路名前;交通工具(强调“在表面”)
1. The cup is on the table.(表面)
2. She lives on Park Road.(街道名)
to: 朝向(从A到B,表方向);目的地
He is walking to the library.(朝向目的地)
into: 进入(从外部到内部,表动作过程)
She walked into the classroom.(动作过程)
3. 逻辑关系类介词:语法填空最高频,侧重“语境语义”
此类介词是语法填空的“重中之重”,需结合前后文逻辑(因果、方式、伴随、让步等)判断,务必掌握以下高频词:
with: 伴随(表“带有/具有”);工具;原因(情感类)
1. A girl with long hair is reading.(伴随)
2. He cut the paper with a knife.(工具)3. She was shaking with cold.(原因)
without: 否定伴随(“没有”);条件(“如果没有”)
We can’t live without water.(否定伴随)
by:方式(“通过……手段”);被动语态中“被”;执行者
1. He learns English by reading aloud.(方式)
2. The book was written by Lu Xun.(被动执行者)
for: 目的(“为了”);原因(“因为”);对象(“给……”)
1. He works hard for his family.(目的)
2. I’m sorry for being late.(原因)
of: 所属关系;特征;数量(“……的”)
1. The roof of the house is red.(所属)
2. He is a man of courage.(特征)
from: 来源(“来自……”);区别(“与……不同”);时间起点
1. She is from America.(来源)
2. Different from him, I like reading.(区别)
against反对;靠着;抵御
1. He fought against the enemy.(反对)
2. The rain beat against the window.(靠着)
beyond: 超过;超出(能力/范围);在……另一边
The problem is beyond my ability.(超出能力)
4. 固定搭配类介词:语法填空“送分题”,需精准记忆
此类考点无太多逻辑可寻,需结合动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配记忆,以下为高频搭配(按“词类+搭配”分类,便于复盘):
(1)动词+介词:depend on(依靠)、focus on(聚焦)、insist on(坚持)、succeed in(成功)、apologize for(道歉)、care about(关心)、hear of(听说)、look forward to(期待)、devote...to(致力于)、contribute to(促成)
(2)名词+介词:advantage of(……的优势)、solution to(……的解决方案)、key to(……的关键)、interest in(……的兴趣)、attention to(对……的关注)、comment on(对……的评论)、belief in(对……的信念)
(3)形容词+介词:good at(擅长)、famous for(因……著名)、different from(与……不同)、similar to(与……相似)、afraid of(害怕)、proud of(为……骄傲)、responsible for(对……负责)、worthy of(值得……)
二、介词易混点辨析(尖子生“避坑”关键)
语法填空中的“易错点”往往是命题人设置的“区分题”,需精准辨析以下几组易混介词:
1. in/on/to(表位置关系):
* in:在范围“内”(Shanghai is in the east of China.)
* on:在范围“外且相邻”(Jiangsu is on the north of Zhejiang.)
* to:在范围“外且不相邻”(Japan is to the east of China.)
2. by/with/in(表方式):
* by:通过“手段/方法/交通工具”(by car/by working hard)
* with:用“工具/身体部位”(with a pen/with hands)
* in:用“语言/材料/颜色”(in English/in ink)
3. between/among(表范围):
* between:两者之间(between you and me);
三者及以上中“两两之间”(between the three students)
* among:三者及以上“之中”(among the crowd)
4. since/for(表时间):
* since:后接“过去时间点/从句”,与现在完成时连用(since 2020/since he came)
* for:后接“时间段”,与完成时/一般过去时连用(for 5 years)
第二部分:语法填空真题结合演练(从“知识”到“能力”)
核心思路:先独立完成,再结合“考点溯源+解题逻辑”复盘,重点标注“固定搭配”“语境逻辑”“易混点”三类考点,形成解题思维定式。
一、真题基础演练(聚焦单一考点,巩固基础)
1. In China, it's a tradition to give red envelopes ______ children during the Spring Festival.(2024·浙江卷)
2. The study shows that people who sleep well are more likely to succeed ______ their work.(2023·全国甲卷)
3. A new bridge has been built ______ the two cities, making travel easier.(2023·山东卷)
4. She is famous ______ her paintings that reflect the life of ordinary people.(2022·全国乙卷)
5. ______ the help of modern technology, we can communicate with people from all over the world easily.(2022·新高考I卷)
6. He has been working in this company ______ he graduated from college.(2021·全国卷)
7. The key ______ solving the problem lies in effective communication.(2021·浙江卷)
8. They walked ______ the forest and found a small village at last.(2020·全国卷)
二、真题提升演练(聚焦复合考点,突破难点)
1. (2024·新高考I卷)My grandmother often tells me stories ______ her childhood, which are full of fun. These stories have made me more interested ______ the history of our family.
2. (2023·新高考II卷)______ a cold winter morning, we set off for the mountain village. The journey was long, but we were excited because we would meet the children who lived ______ the mountains.
3. (2022·新高考I卷)The library is a place where people can read ______ free. Many students come here to study, and some even stay ______ the whole day. The librarian is always ready to help those who have difficulty ______ finding books.
4. (2021·新高考II卷)As a student, I devote most of my time ______ studying. I believe that hard work will lead ______ success. My teacher often encourages me to learn ______ my mistakes.
【解题步骤总结】
1. 第一步:判断是否为固定搭配:若空格前后为动词、名词、形容词,先联想其固定介词搭配(如“devote...to”“be interested in”),直接锁定答案;
2. 第二步:结合语境分析逻辑关系:若不是固定搭配,分析空格前后的语义逻辑(时间、地点、伴随、原因等),选择对应介词(如“具体某天早晨”用on);
3. 第三步:规避易混点陷阱:若涉及易混介词(如in/on/to、since/for),根据具体语境(范围、时间类型等)精准辨析;
4. 第四步:代入验证:将答案代入空格,通读句子,检查语义是否通顺、搭配是否合理。
三、尖子生拓展演练(预测考点,拔高能力)
以下题目结合近年命题趋势(侧重“语境化+固定搭配结合”),难度略高于真题。
1. The film is based ______ a true story that happened ______ the 1980s. Many people were moved ______ the hero's spirit of devotion.
2. ______ the development of AI technology, more and more jobs will be changed. However, we should not be afraid ______ the changes but learn to adapt ______ them.
3. The meeting will be held ______ 3 p.m. ______ Friday afternoon. All participants are required to arrive ______ time and bring a notebook ______ them.
4. The difference ______ the two methods lies ______ their efficiency. The one based ______ new technology is more effective.
第三部分:总结与复盘(核心要点回顾)
一、核心考点清单
* 1. 固定搭配:动词/名词/形容词+介词(语法填空“送分题”,务必记熟高频搭配);
* 2. 语境逻辑:时间、地点、伴随、原因等关系(需结合上下文分析);
* 3. 易混点:in/on/to、by/with/in、between/among、since/for(命题人“区分题”,需精准辨析)。
二、复盘建议
1. 整理“错题本”:将做错的题目按“固定搭配错误”“逻辑分析错误”“易混点错误”分类,标注错误原因及正确思路;
2. 每日积累:每天记忆10组高频“动词/名词/形容词+介词”搭配,结合例句理解;
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
高三英语尖子生培优学案:
介词板块专项突破+语法填空真题综合训练
核心目标:
1. 系统梳理介词核心考点及易混点,构建精准用法体系
2. 结合语法填空真题及模拟题,掌握介词类考题的解题逻辑与技巧
3. 提升在语境中灵活运用介词的能力,实现“零失误”突破。
第一部分:介词核心基础知识点精要(语法填空高频导向)
一、高频介词分类及核心用法(结合语法填空语境)
1. 时间类介词:侧重“时态呼应”与“固定搭配”
in: 世纪/年/月/季节/早/午/晚;一段时间内(与完成时连用)
1.He was born in 2005.(年份)
2. We have made great progress in the past three years.(完成时+一段时间)
on:具体日期(日/星期/节日);具体某天的上午/下午/晚上(有修饰词)
1.They will have a party on Christmas Eve.(具体节日前夕)
2. We met on a rainy morning.(有修饰词的上午)
at:具体时刻;固定搭配(at dawn/noon/night);短暂动作
1.The train leaves at 8:30 a.m.(具体时刻)
2. He often reads books at night.(固定搭配)
for:持续一段时间(与完成时/一般过去时连用,表“动作持续时长”)
She has studied English for 10 years.(完成时+持续时长)
since:自从……(后接过去时间点/从句,与现在完成时连用)
He has lived here since 2018.(过去时间点+完成时)
2. 地点类介词:侧重“空间关系”与“固定搭配”
in: 大地点(国家/城市/省份);封闭空间内部
1.She was born in China.(大地点)
2. There is a book in the box.(封闭空间)
at: 小地点(车站/机场/学校/具体地址);门牌号前
1.We waited at the bus stop.(小地点)
2. He lives at 105 Main Street.(门牌号)
on: 物体表面;街道/路名前;交通工具(强调“在表面”)
1.The cup is on the table.(表面)
2. She lives on Park Road.(街道名)
to: 朝向(从A到B,表方向);目的地
He is walking to the library.(朝向目的地)
into: 进入(从外部到内部,表动作过程)
She walked into the classroom.(动作过程)
3. 逻辑关系类介词:语法填空最高频,侧重“语境语义”
此类介词是语法填空的“重中之重”,需结合前后文逻辑(因果、方式、伴随、让步等)判断,务必掌握以下高频词:
with: 伴随(表“带有/具有”);工具;原因(情感类)
1.A girl with long hair is reading.(伴随)
2. He cut the paper with a knife.(工具)3. She was shaking with cold.(原因)
without: 否定伴随(“没有”);条件(“如果没有”)
We can’t live without water.(否定伴随)
by:方式(“通过……手段”);被动语态中“被”;执行者
1.He learns English by reading aloud.(方式)
2. The book was written by Lu Xun.(被动执行者)
for: 目的(“为了”);原因(“因为”);对象(“给……”)
1.He works hard for his family.(目的)
2. I’m sorry for being late.(原因)
of: 所属关系;特征;数量(“……的”)
1.The roof of the house is red.(所属)
2. He is a man of courage.(特征)
from: 来源(“来自……”);区别(“与……不同”);时间起点
1.She is from America.(来源)
2. Different from him, I like reading.(区别)
against反对;靠着;抵御
1.He fought against the enemy.(反对)
2. The rain beat against the window.(靠着)
beyond: 超过;超出(能力/范围);在……另一边
The problem is beyond my ability.(超出能力)
4. 固定搭配类介词:语法填空“送分题”,需精准记忆
此类考点无太多逻辑可寻,需结合动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配记忆,以下为高频搭配(按“词类+搭配”分类,便于复盘):
(1)动词+介词:depend on(依靠)、focus on(聚焦)、insist on(坚持)、succeed in(成功)、apologize for(道歉)、care about(关心)、hear of(听说)、look forward to(期待)、devote...to(致力于)、contribute to(促成)
(2)名词+介词:advantage of(……的优势)、solution to(……的解决方案)、key to(……的关键)、interest in(……的兴趣)、attention to(对……的关注)、comment on(对……的评论)、belief in(对……的信念)
(3)形容词+介词:good at(擅长)、famous for(因……著名)、different from(与……不同)、similar to(与……相似)、afraid of(害怕)、proud of(为……骄傲)、responsible for(对……负责)、worthy of(值得……)
二、介词易混点辨析(尖子生“避坑”关键)
语法填空中的“易错点”往往是命题人设置的“区分题”,需精准辨析以下几组易混介词:
1. in/on/to(表位置关系):
* in:在范围“内”(Shanghai is in the east of China.)
* on:在范围“外且相邻”(Jiangsu is on the north of Zhejiang.)
* to:在范围“外且不相邻”(Japan is to the east of China.)
2. by/with/in(表方式):
* by:通过“手段/方法/交通工具”(by car/by working hard)
* with:用“工具/身体部位”(with a pen/with hands)
* in:用“语言/材料/颜色”(in English/in ink)
3. between/among(表范围):
* between:两者之间(between you and me);
三者及以上中“两两之间”(between the three students)
* among:三者及以上“之中”(among the crowd)
4. since/for(表时间):
* since:后接“过去时间点/从句”,与现在完成时连用(since 2020/since he came)
* for:后接“时间段”,与完成时/一般过去时连用(for 5 years)
第二部分:语法填空真题结合演练(从“知识”到“能力”)
核心思路:先独立完成,再结合“考点溯源+解题逻辑”复盘,重点标注“固定搭配”“语境逻辑”“易混点”三类考点,形成解题思维定式。
一、真题基础演练(聚焦单一考点,巩固基础)
1. In China, it's a tradition to give red envelopes ______ children during the Spring Festival.(2024·浙江卷)
2. The study shows that people who sleep well are more likely to succeed ______ their work.(2023·全国甲卷)
3. A new bridge has been built ______ the two cities, making travel easier.(2023·山东卷)
4. She is famous ______ her paintings that reflect the life of ordinary people.(2022·全国乙卷)
5. ______ the help of modern technology, we can communicate with people from all over the world easily.(2022·新高考I卷)
6. He has been working in this company ______ he graduated from college.(2021·全国卷)
7. The key ______ solving the problem lies in effective communication.(2021·浙江卷)
8. They walked ______ the forest and found a small village at last.(2020·全国卷)
【真题基础演练解析】
1. to(考点:固定搭配,give sth. to sb. 给某人某物)
2. in(考点:固定搭配,succeed in sth. 在某事上成功)
3. between(考点:语境逻辑,两者之间用between,指代“两座城市之间”)
4. for(考点:固定搭配,be famous for 因……著名)
5. With(考点:固定搭配,with the help of 在……的帮助下)
6. since(考点:易混点辨析,since后接过去时间点“毕业”,与现在完成时连用)
7. to(考点:固定搭配,the key to sth. ……的关键)
8. through(考点:语境逻辑,walk through the forest 穿过森林,强调“从内部穿过”)
二、真题提升演练(聚焦复合考点,突破难点)
1. (2024·新高考I卷)My grandmother often tells me stories ______ her childhood, which are full of fun. These stories have made me more interested ______ the history of our family.
2. (2023·新高考II卷)______ a cold winter morning, we set off for the mountain village. The journey was long, but we were excited because we would meet the children who lived ______ the mountains.
3. (2022·新高考I卷)The library is a place where people can read ______ free. Many students come here to study, and some even stay ______ the whole day. The librarian is always ready to help those who have difficulty ______ finding books.
4. (2021·新高考II卷)As a student, I devote most of my time ______ studying. I believe that hard work will lead ______ success. My teacher often encourages me to learn ______ my mistakes.
【真题提升演练解析】
1. of; in(第一空:语境逻辑,“关于童年的故事”用of;第二空:固定搭配,be interested in 对……感兴趣)
2. On; in(第一空:时间介词辨析,具体某天的早晨用on;第二空:地点介词,“在山里”用in)
3. for; for; in(第一空:固定搭配,for free 免费;第二空:时间介词,“持续一整天”用for;第三空:固定搭配,have difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难)
4. to; to; from(第一空:固定搭配,devote...to 致力于;第二空:固定搭配,lead to 导致;第三空:语境逻辑,“从错误中学习”用from)
【解题步骤总结】
1. 第一步:判断是否为固定搭配:若空格前后为动词、名词、形容词,先联想其固定介词搭配(如“devote...to”“be interested in”),直接锁定答案;
2. 第二步:结合语境分析逻辑关系:若不是固定搭配,分析空格前后的语义逻辑(时间、地点、伴随、原因等),选择对应介词(如“具体某天早晨”用on);
3. 第三步:规避易混点陷阱:若涉及易混介词(如in/on/to、since/for),根据具体语境(范围、时间类型等)精准辨析;
4. 第四步:代入验证:将答案代入空格,通读句子,检查语义是否通顺、搭配是否合理。
三、尖子生拓展演练(预测考点,拔高能力)
以下题目结合近年命题趋势(侧重“语境化+固定搭配结合”),难度略高于真题。
1. The film is based ______ a true story that happened ______ the 1980s. Many people were moved ______ the hero's spirit of devotion.
2. ______ the development of AI technology, more and more jobs will be changed. However, we should not be afraid ______ the changes but learn to adapt ______ them.
3. The meeting will be held ______ 3 p.m. ______ Friday afternoon. All participants are required to arrive ______ time and bring a notebook ______ them.
4. The difference ______ the two methods lies ______ their efficiency. The one based ______ new technology is more effective.
【拓展演练答案】
1. on; in; by(based on 基于;in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代;be moved by 被……感动)
2. With; of; to(with the development of 随着……的发展;be afraid of 害怕;adapt to 适应)
3. at; on; on; with(at 3 p.m. 下午3点;on Friday afternoon 周五下午;on time 准时;with 表伴随“随身携带”)
4. between; in; on(between 两者之间;lie in 在于;based on 基于)
第三部分:总结与复盘(核心要点回顾)
一、核心考点清单
* 1. 固定搭配:动词/名词/形容词+介词(语法填空“送分题”,务必记熟高频搭配);
* 2. 语境逻辑:时间、地点、伴随、原因等关系(需结合上下文分析);
* 3. 易混点:in/on/to、by/with/in、between/among、since/for(命题人“区分题”,需精准辨析)。
二、复盘建议
1. 整理“错题本”:将做错的题目按“固定搭配错误”“逻辑分析错误”“易混点错误”分类,标注错误原因及正确思路;
2. 每日积累:每天记忆10组高频“动词/名词/形容词+介词”搭配,结合例句理解;
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