内容正文:
第二讲 代词和介词(短语)
考点一 代词
一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
代词
作用
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
人称代词主格
作主语
I
we
you
you
he/she/it
they
人称代词宾格
作宾语或表语
me
us
you
you
him/her/it
them
形容词性物主代词
相当于形容词,置于名词前作定语
my
our
your
your
his/her/its
their
名词性物主代词
相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,常作主语、表语和宾语,也可用“of+名词性物主代词”结构作后置定语
mine
ours
yours
yours
his/hers/its
theirs
反身代词
作宾语,常用在enjoy、 teach、 hurt、 behave等动词后和by、 for、 to等介词后
myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
himself/
herself/
itself
themselves
作同位语,用于加强语气,强调“亲自,本人,亲身”
作表语,常用于be、 feel、 look等系动词后,表示身体状况等
二、不定代词
1.both, either, neither, all, any, none
代词
含义
作主语时谓语动词的数
两者
both
“都”,肯定
复数
either
“任何一个”,肯定
单数
neither
“都不”,否定
常用单数
三者或
更多
all
“都”,肯定
与all指代的人或事物保持一致
any
任何一个
单复数均可(常与of短语连用)
none
“都不”,否定
If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don’t you take both? I won’t read them this week.
如果你不能决定借这两本书中的哪一本,为什么不两本都借呢?我这周不看这两本书。
— Do you want tea or coffee?
你想喝茶还是咖啡?
— Either is OK.I really don’t mind.
任何一种都可以。我真的不介意。
点津
“any/none of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
2.each
(1)each可直接作主语,也可接“of+代词的复数形式”或“of+the/these/形容词性物主代词+名词复数”作主语,此时谓语动词用单数。
Each (of the students) has a dictionary.
每个学生都有一本词典。
(2)each可作同位语,放在主语(复数)后,谓语动词用复数。
They each have a dictionary.
他们每人都有一本词典。
点津
each还可作限定词,修饰可数名词单数,常与every进行辨析。
(1)each指两者或两者以上中的每一个,强调个体。
(2)every指三者或三者以上中的每一个,强调全体。
There are lots of flowers on each side of the road.
路两边有许多花。
She knows nearly every student in the school.
她几乎认识学校里的每个学生。
3.the other, another, the others, others
代词
用法
例句
the
other
特指两者中的另一个,常用在one ...the other ...结构中
I have two daughters.One is a doctor, and the other is a teacher.我有两个女儿,一个是医生,另一个是教师。
another
指三者或三者以上中的“另一,再一”
I got another of those calls yesterday.
昨天我又接了一个那样的电话。
the
others
相当于“the other+可数名词复数”,特指其余全部的人或物,常用在some ...the others ...结构中
Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will go to the museum.两个男孩将去动物园,其余的将去博物馆。
others
相当于“other+可数名词复数”,泛指别的人或物,常用在some ...others ... 结构中
Some students are cleaning the classroom; others are playing in the playground.一些学生在打扫教室,另一些在操场上玩。
4.many, much, (a) few, (a) little
含义
替代可数名词复数
替代不可数名词
多
many
much
“少”,否定意义
few
little
“一些/点”,肯定意义
a few
a little
点津
not a little, quite a little相当于much; not a few, quite a few相当于many。
Most surprisingly, quite a few said they didn’t intend to vote at all.
最让人吃惊的是,相当多的人说他们根本不打算参加投票。
三、用作替代词的one, the one, that, it
代词
用法
所替代的名词的单复数
one
替代上文出现的“同类”人或事物中的一个,表泛指
必须是可数名词单数
表示复数时用ones
the one
替代上文出现的“同类”人或事物,表特指
必须是可数名词单数
表示复数时用the ones
that
替代上文出现的“同类”事物,表特指,其后常跟介词短语作后置定语
可数名词单数/不可数名词
表示复数时用those
it
替代上文出现的“同一”事物,还可以指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等
可数名词单数/不可数名词
单句语法填空
①(2024·全国甲卷)This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park.
②(2024·1月浙江卷)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of (they) contents.
Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is .
分析:another 句子成分法。句意:(废品)回收利用是一种保护环境的方式,而重复使用是另外一种(保护环境的)方式。本题构成one ...another ...结构。another再一,又一,另一,在句中作表语。
(2022·全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
分析:its 句子成分法。修饰名词exhibition作定语,应用形容词性物主代词。
New technologies have made possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
分析:it 句式结构法。句意:新技术已经使以更低的成本更快地生产新产品成为可能。动词不定式短语to turn out ...在句中是真正的宾语,设空处应用it作形式宾语。
考点二 介词(短语)
一、介词的基本用法
二、含有介词的固定搭配
单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways Romeo and Juliet.
②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)And who do they speak English ?
③(2023·全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
④(2025·南昌模拟)The minimalist interiors are dressed modern furnishings and natural materials.
⑤(2025·潍坊模拟)“Tea for Harmony” cultural salon in Bath, England on Friday was aimed both celebrating International Tea Day, which fell on 21 May and promising participants an opportunity to experience teas and culture from Central China’s Hubei Province.
⑥(2025·安阳联考)Efforts have also been made to minimize the negative impacts that these archaeological projects may have local communities.
⑦The Grand Canal reached a new peak in the Yuan Dynasty (13th century), providing a unified inland navigation network consisting more than 2,000 km of artificial waterways, linking five of the most important river basins in China, including the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.
(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility saving their environment.
分析:for 对号入座法。句意:她警告社会面临的环境危险,并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。
It was built originally to protect the city the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
分析:in 词性判断法。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全被修复了。表“在某个朝代”应用介词in。
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第二讲 代词和介词(短语)
【巩固·必备知识】
即时演练1
①its ②ones ③their
即时演练2
①to ②to/with ③to ④in ⑤at ⑥on/upon ⑦of
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