Unit 4 Natural Disasters 综合测评卷-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

姓名_________ 日期______ 等第_____ Unit 4 Natural Disasters综合测评 第一部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、 B、 C、 D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Four of the World’s Disasters The following four disasters destroyed cities around the world. By flood， typhoon， or earthquake， these events have totally taken millions of lives. Yangtze River Flood The major flood of 1931 covered tens of thousands of square miles， flooding rice fields and many cities， including Nanjing and Wuhan. The flood affected more than 50 million people. Government organizations estimated（估计） that about 3.7 million people died in this disaster. Typhoon Nina Typhoon Nina struck Henan Province of China in August 1975. The typhoon caused a serious dam（水坝） failure， and more than 26，000 people in the area died in the floods caused by the disaster. The number of people affected by the disaster was more than 10，000，000. Kashmir Earthquake On October 8， 2005， a disastrous earthquake struck the Kashmir region. The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.6， followed by many aftershocks and landslides. The severity of the damage and the number of deaths were worsened by the poor buildings in the affected areas. At least 79，000 people were killed. Haitian Earthquake At the beginning of 2010， an earthquake hit Haiti. The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.0 and was followed by aftershocks that registered magnitudes of 5.9 and 5.5. There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake， but estimates suggest that about 200，000 to 300，000 people died. Hundreds of thousands more became homeless. （　　）1. Which disaster caused the most deaths？ A. Yangtze River Flood. B. Typhoon Nina. C. Kashmir Earthquake. D. Haitian Earthquake. （　　）2. What made the situation in the Kashmir region more serious？ A. The serious aftershocks. B. The diseases after the earthquake. C. The continuous falling rocks. D. The poor quality of buildings. （　　）3. What can we learn about the earthquake that hit Haiti？ A. It had caused other disasters. B. It happened in the hottest season. C. It had a debatable death count. D. It happened only once. B When Hurricane Maria hit the Caribbean islands and Puerto Rico in September， 2017， most of the islands’ buildings and homes were destroyed. When the hurricane left much of the area in ruins， Meital Sternthal， a sixth-grader who comes from a village in Israel， decided to help. Meital’s connection to the Caribbean islands started with a family vacation in 2015， during which she experienced the beauty of the islands and underwater wonders. When she learned of the disaster， she said it saddened her that such an amazing place had been changed into a place of suffering for so many people without electricity， shelter， clean water and other basic necessities. Then Meital and her parents came up with the idea of selling her things to raise money to help the rescue team in Puerto Rico provide safe water for the communities affected by the hurricane. She started a fund-raising（募捐） page and gave her business a name： PuertoTiko， since the word “tik” means “bag” in the local language. So with her parents’ support， Meital took to her trusty sewing machine（缝纫机）. It’s a hobby she’s had for the past three years， when she started taking sewing classes. Now， she’s using it for something bigger， something she hopes will help a lot of people. So far she has raised 50 percent of her $4，000 goal by making and selling handbags and given it to the charity. “When I heard about the hurricane， at first I thought about getting in contact with artists there and delivering the bags there， so they can sell them，” the shy girl said. “But then we realized it would be too hard and that they might not be able to get the bags.” Meital spoke to the volunteers who have been working in the disaster-hit areas and helping people get back on their feet. They promised the money would be used in the best way—to make sure those people got clean， safe drinking water. （　　）4. What is the purpose of Paragraph 1？ A. To stress the power of a hurricane. B. To tell of the background of the story. C. To show the danger of living on islands. D. To introduce some information about Meital. （　　）5. How did Meital help the disaster-hit areas？ A. By delivering handbags there. B. By serving as a volunteer. C. By giving her money to the charity. D. By calling on local artists to help. （　　）6. Why did Meital learn to sew？ A. She was interested in it. B. She wanted to earn money. C. She dreamed of being a designer. D. She hoped to help those in need. （　　）7. What can be the best title for the text？ A. The victims are fighting for a better life B. Hand-sewn bags are making a difference C. Sewing machines are welcomed in Puerto Rico D. Hurricane Maria hit the Caribbean islands and Puerto Rico C On August 24， 1918， it was raining cats and dogs and thundering over a city called Sunderland on the northeast coast of England. The storm lasted for only about ten minutes. People were surprised to see that it was not just rainwater falling from the sky. There were fish falling down， too！ People came out to find out what was happening. They could not believe their own eyes. There were thousands of fish—sand eels（沙鳗）—lying on the ground. They were about seven centimeters long， and all were frozen dead. Sand eels swim together in large groups， often in sandy water， and are often found in large numbers in the North Sea， which reaches out to the east of Sunderland. How was it possible for these sand eels to fall from the sky and land on Sunderland？ Scientists believed the heavy thunderstorm that afternoon might have caused a waterspout（水龙卷）. Waterspouts can be formed when strong winds move quickly in a circle over water. They are so powerful that anything less than one meter in length can be taken into them and forced into the clouds. The clouds carry whatever has been taken into them for long distances—sometimes over 150 kilometers. It’s very cold up there and everything soon freezes. For hundreds of years there have been reports of small animals being taken into the sky through waterspouts. In 2009， dead tadpoles rained down on the city of Nanao in Japan. In 2014， a lot of fish fell from the sky over Sri Lanka. In 2017， fish fell on the coastal city of Tampico in Mexico. It must be a very strange experience to see fish raining down on you. It would probably hurt you if one fell on your head！ With climate change and many reports of terrible storms， will the time ever come when it may really begin to rain cats and dogs？ （　　）8. What do we know about the sand eels that landed on Sunderland？ A. They were limited in number. B. They came in different sizes. C. They were still alive when landing. D. They probably came from the North Sea. （　　）9. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to？ A. Clouds. B. Waterspouts. C. Sand eels. D. Thunderstorms. （　　）10. Why does the author mention the fall of tadpoles in Japan？ A. To stress the environment is not pleasant in Japan. B. To introduce waterspouts can reach as far as Japan. C. To show that raining sea animals is not new in history. D. To explain different animals can fall in different countries. （　　）11. What is the author really worried about in the last paragraph？ A. Health. B. The environment. C. Wild animals. D. Travel safety. D When floods destroyed Bangkok more than a decade ago， Thai landscape architect Voraakhom became determined to help her sinking hometown fight this deadly climate threat. “For us， climate change is primarily a water crisis，” she said. The architect integrates（使融入） nature and water into her designs to create landscapes that help ease flooding and add greenery to densely populated cities. To date， Thailand has tried to deal with its flooding problem by building higher and higher dams. She said， arguing that this is the wrong approach and a solution based on fear， “The central question sinking cities like Bangkok need to focus on is： How are we going to live with the water， without fear？” One of Voraakhom’s most innovative designs is Centenary Park， which stores large amounts of rainwater and prevents the surrounding streets from flooding. Voraakhom also created Asia’s largest rooftop farm， Siam Green Sky， which recycles food waste from restaurants in the building below and uses it as plant fertilizer（肥料）. The farm also slows down and stores large amounts of rainwater. Inspired by Thailand’s traditional agricultural practices， the architect created a landscape which allows rainwater to pour into the herb gardens. A research fellow at the Stockholm Environment Institute， Diane Archer said， “For Voraakhom’s urban green spaces， not only are they designed to deal with flooding by acting as water storage spaces， but they help clean the air and provide essential green oases in our concrete jungle， so important for mental and physical health. Even on a small scale， these parks are beneficial to the residents， and we could do with more.” Voraakhom’s designs and the lessons are now expanding beyond Thailand. “Green， climate-adapted areas are a good long-term investment for cities，” she said， “and the best solution for the next generation.” （　　）12. How does Voraakhom help cities with a large population to address flooding？ A. By building higher and higher dams. B. By countering the fear of residents. C. By using nature and water in her designs. D. By painting landscapes for the cities. （　　）13. What is food waste on the farm， Siam Green Sky， used to do？ A. To store rainwater. B. To fertilize plant gardens. C. To create a landscape. D. To be recycled by restaurants. （　　）14. What does Archer think of Voraakhom’s designs？ A. They help discover green oases in cities. B. They benefit the health of citizens. C. They become the biggest air cleaner. D. They increase concrete storage in cities. （　　）15. Which of the following words best describe Voraakhom？ A. Practical and self-focused. B. Generous and business-minded. C. Curious and iron-hearted. D. Creative and strong-willed. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A. Stay inside until it’s safe to get out. B. In that case， move to the nearest safe place. C. Stairs are dangerous places during an earthquake. D. So it’s recommended that you drop to the floor as soon as it hits. E. If possible， stay away from windows and anything that could fall. F. The ground may be shaking and pieces of wood or brick could be falling. G. Studying the following advice could be the difference between life and death. Unlike hurricanes or floods， earthquakes happen without warning and are usually followed by similar aftershocks， although the aftershocks are usually less powerful than the quake. If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake， there’s often only a short time to decide what to do. 16._________　 Drop to the ground. The “drop， cover and hold on” technique is the cousin of the famous “stop， drop and roll” for fires. While it’s not the only method of protecting yourself indoors during an earthquake， it is the preferred method by the Red Cross. A big earthquake occurs without much， if any， warning. 17._________ A small earthquake could turn into a big earthquake in a split second； it’s better to be safe than sorry. Take cover. Get under a firm table or other pieces of furniture. 18._________ If there isn’t a table or desk near you， cover your face and head with your arms and crouch（蹲） in an inside corner of the building. Hold on. 19._________　Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop. If you can’t find a surface to hide under， continue to keep your head protected by your arms and stay low. 20._________ Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try changing the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside. 第二部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、 B、 C、 D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 On 20 December， a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore. Worse still， it  　21　 thousands dead. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to  　22　 the disaster without any loss of life. A 10-year-old girl， Sabrina Andron， helped around 100 people escape danger with her  　23　 of tsunamis. The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy beach，  　24　 the warm sea air and enjoying the soft  　25　 that brushed their hair. Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something  　26　. “The water was like the bubbles（气泡） on the top of a beer，” she later explained. “It wasn’t  　27　 and it wasn’t going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in.” It struck her that these were  　28　 of an upcoming tsunami， which Sabrina had just learnt about in a Geography lesson. Sabrina was  　29　， but she soon kept her head. She warned her parents of the  　30　， though at first they just thought she was  　31　. However， Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was  　32　 and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. To her great relief， the officer  　33　 realized the coming danger. The beach was rapidly  　34　 of people， just before the huge waves  　35　 into the coast. （　　）21. A. left B. gave C. affected D. led （　　）22. A. recognize B. survive C. challenge D. quit （　　）23. A. knowledge B. impression C. wisdom D. detail （　　）24. A. making up B. taking in C. focusing on D. checking out （　　）25. A. wind B. sunshine C. rain D. wave （　　）26. A. beautiful B. powerful C. strange D. attractive （　　）27. A. narrow B. adventurous C. distant D. calm （　　）28. A. signs B. injuries C. effects D. results （　　）29. A. embarrassed B. confused C. annoyed D. frightened （　　）30. A. stress B. development C. danger D. credit （　　）31. A. cheating B. debating C. helping D. joking （　　）32. A. under control B. on hand C. on its way D. on schedule （　　）33. A. actually B. anxiously C. immediately D.curiously （　　）34. A. informed B. warned C. reminded D. cleared （　　）35. A. leaped B. crashed C. divided D. tapped 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When you think of winter storms， you likely think of 36.__________（wake） up in the morning to inches， even feet of snow！ While snowstorms may be the most recognizable type of winter storm， there’s another type that can cause as much， or even more damage： ice storms. An ice storm is the result of 37.__________ long-term cold rain event. While ice doesn’t fall from the sky， an ice storm is characterized by cold rain that results 38.__________ thick ice. Ice storms usually happen when the air temperature is at or just above freezing. Ice storms can cause 39.__________（safe） issues. They can affect road conditions， making travel dangerous， and can damage your home. Thick ice 40.__________（increase） the weight of branches and power lines， increasing the chances of big trees falling and losing electric service to your home. If they fall onto your houses， probably your roofs or nearby cars 41._______________（destroy）. Worse still， it’s difficult to know when 42.__________（power） ice storms will come. And it is possible for freezing rain to fall in one location， rain in another and snow in a third. Ice storms can appear in the area 43.__________ hardly ever experiences winter weather. So you must know how 44.__________（protect） your home from ice storms 45.__________（effective）. 第三部分　写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 假设你是李华，你得知了你的美国网友Bill的家乡发生山火，房屋被烧毁，他现在住在临时避难所。请你写一封邮件慰问他，内容要点如下： 1. 询问受灾情况，表示关心；2. 鼓励他振作起来，重建家园。 注意： 1. 词数80左右（已给出部分不计入总词数）；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇： mountain fire 山火 Dear Bill， ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours，Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面短文，根据文章的情节续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 Caught in a flood Mary and her parents were downstairs in the living room. Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside. It had been raining non-stop for three days. She had never seen a storm this bad. It was making her anxious and nervous. The wind roared（呼啸） and the rain beat on the roof and windows. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio， and at the same time Mum was putting their important documents（文件） and disaster supplies into a bag. “Mum， Dad，” said Mary all of a sudden， “I think we have to leave here right away！” “No！” said Dad loudly. “It’s too late！ The radio says the city has already been flooded.” “We can drive our car through the floodwater！ Let’s just leave！ I’m really frightened！” cried Mary. “We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum， “or the moving water could wash the car away！” Mary walked to the door. She was curious to see how much water there was outside. “Don’t open the door！” shouted Mum and Dad at the same time. “The water may flood in！” Dad moved the dinner table against the door， in case the floodwater forced the door open. Mum waved to Mary to ask her to sit on the sofa. “Mary， don’t worry. Everything is going to be all right，” she said softly， trying her best to comfort Mary. Her voice sounded calm， but Mary could tell she was worried， too. Without saying a single word， Dad walked to the sofa， sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. What could they do？ 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。 第二节（满分25分） Paragraph 1： After a brief discussion， Mum and Dad made a decision._______________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： Finally， the rain came to a stop. _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 一.1-15、ADCBC ABDBC BCBBD 二.16-20、GDEFA 三.21-35、ABABA CDADC DCCDB 四.36-40、waking a in safety increases 41-45、will be destroyed powerful that/which to protect effectively　 第三部分　写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） Dear Bill， On hearing the news that the destructive mountain fire broke out in your hometown， I am extremely worried about you. Are you or your family injured？ Your house was burned down and you are living in the temporary shelter now. How about the conditions there？ Do you have enough clothes or food？ The fire has caused great damage to your family， but I firmly believe that all things will get better. Cheer up！ I’m sure you will rebuild your hometown soon. Anyway， tomorrow is another day！ Yours，Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） Paragraph 1： After a brief discussion， Mum and Dad made a decision.  　They believed that they should stay in the house. They thought it would be really dangerous to try to walk through the water to get to higher ground. “Mary， we’ll have to go upstairs and wait there，” said Mum. “OK， Mum， if that’s what you think is best ...” Mary replied uncertainly. So they went upstairs and waited. Downstairs， water started flooding into the living room and kitchen. All three of them were nervous， but at least they had disaster supplies， including food and drinking water.　 Paragraph 2： Finally， the rain came to a stop.  　But Mary and her family couldn’t leave because the house was still flooded. They listened to the radio and learned that rescue workers in boats were coming to rescue people who were trapped in their homes. They waited for a boat to arrive at their house. Fortunately， about half an hour later， the rescue workers in a boat discovered them and took them to a safe place in time. Their house had been badly damaged， but they were all happy to be still alive. While life is full of uncertainties， there is always hope！　 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $