内容正文:
知识清单·精通版三年级上册
Unit4 Friends
知识梳理
知识点拨
【考点一】形容词性物主代词 【考点二】介绍某人的外貌的表达
考点一:形容词性物主代词
This is his nose.
Her name is Lisa.
解析:这两个句子均为 主系表结构,核心语法重点是 形容词性物主代词 his/her 的用法 :修饰名词、表 “某人的” 所属关系,his 指代男性 “他的”,her 指代女性 “她的”。
(一)结构拆解:主系表结构 = 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
1.句子 1:This is his nose.(这是他的鼻子。)
(1)主语:This(指示代词,“这、这个”,指代近处的单数事物)
(2)系动词:is(be 动词的单数形式,连接主语和表语)
(3)表语:his nose(“他的鼻子”,名词短语作表语,说明主语的归属)
(4)his(形容词性物主代词,“他的”,修饰名词 nose,表 “属于他的”)
(5)nose(名词,“鼻子”,单数形式,被 his 修饰)
2.句子 2:Her name is Lisa.(她的名字叫莉萨。)
(1)主语:Her name(“她的名字”,名词短语作主语)
(2)her(形容词性物主代词,“她的”,修饰名词 name,表 “属于她的”)
(3)name(名词,“名字”,单数形式,被 her 修饰)
(4)系动词:is(be 动词的单数形式)
(5)表语:Lisa(人名,“莉萨”,说明主语 “名字” 的具体内容)
(二)核心语法点:his/her 的用法(三年级重点掌握)
1.词性:形容词性物主代词(“形容词性” 说明必须修饰名词,不能单独使用)
2.核心功能:表 “所属关系”,即 “某人的”,后接名词构成名词短语。
3.指代对象与用法规则:
(1)his:指代男性(he 的物主形式),后接名词,表 “他的……”
例句:his pen(他的钢笔)、his book(他的书)
(2)her:指代女性(she 的物主形式),后接名词,表 “她的……”
例句:her ruler(她的尺子)、her bag(她的书包)
(3)关键规则:his/her 必须放在名词前面,不能单独说 “his is nose”(错误),要加名词 “his nose”(正确)。
(三)简单搭配示例(贴合三年级词汇):
(1)his + 身体部位:his eye(他的眼睛)、his ear(他的耳朵)
(2)her + 物品 / 信息:her pencil(她的铅笔)、her age(她的年龄)
(四)易混点区分(三年级必记)
1.区分 his/her 与 he/she(避免混淆人称代词和物主代词):
(1)he(他)、she(她):人称代词,作主语,后面接系动词或实义动词(如 He is Tom. 他是汤姆。She likes cats. 她喜欢猫。)
(2)his(他的)、her(她的):物主代词,作定语,后面必须接名词(如 his bag 他的书包、her desk 她的书桌)
(五)注意事项
1.his/her 后面必须跟名词,不能单独使用(如 “这是她的” 要说 “This is her book”,不能说 “This is her”)。
2.选择 his 还是 her,要看指代的人是男性还是女性(指代男孩用 his,指代女孩用 her)。
3.句子中 be 动词用 is,因为主语都是单数(this、her name)。
【大显身手】
一、单项选择题。
( )1. This is ______ book. He likes reading it.
A. he B. his C. him D. she
( )2. ______ name is Lily. She is my classmate.
A. Her B. She C. him D. his
( )3. Look! That is ______ pen. It’s red.
A. she B. him C. his D. he
( )4. ______ mother is a teacher. We all like her.
A. Him B. Her C. He D. she
( )5.—What’s ______ name?
—He is Tom.
A. her B. she C. his D. him
考点二:介绍某人的外貌的表达
This is his hair. And this is his mouth.
解析:这两个句子是 介绍某人外貌的基础主系表句型,核心结构为 “This is + 物主代词 + 身体部位名词”,用于清晰描述男性的外貌特征(头发、嘴巴),句子含义为 “这是他的头发。并且这是他的嘴巴。”
(一)核心语法点:介绍外貌的基础句型(三年级重点掌握)
1.核心句型结构(必背):
(1)单数身体部位:This is + 物主代词(his/her/my/your) + 身体部位名词(单数 / 不可数)
例句:This is her eye.(这是她的眼睛。)、This is my nose.(这是我的鼻子。)
(2)复数身体部位:These are + 物主代词 + 身体部位名词(复数)
例句:These are his ears.(这是他的耳朵。)、These are your hands.(这是你的手。)
2.物主代词与指代对象的匹配(外貌描述关键):
(1)描述男性外貌:用 his(他的)+ 身体部位(如 hair、mouth、eye)
例句:This is his face.(这是他的脸。)
(2)描述女性外貌:用 her(她的)+ 身体部位
例句:This is her hair.(这是她的头发。)
(3)描述自己外貌:用 my(我的)+ 身体部位
例句:This is my mouth.(这是我的嘴巴。)
3.身体部位名词的单复数规则(贴合三年级词汇):
(1)不可数名词:hair(头发,整体概念)、hair 通常不用复数(特殊情况 “几根头发” 用 hairs,三年级暂不要求)
(2)可数名词单数:mouth(嘴巴)、eye(眼睛)、nose(鼻子)(单个部位用单数)
(3)可数名词复数:ears(耳朵)、hands(手)、legs(腿)(成对部位用复数)
4.连接词 And 的用法:用于连接两个并列的外貌描述句,表 “并且、还有”,使描述更有条理。
例句:This is his head. And this is his neck.(这是他的头。并且这是他的脖子。)
(二)易混点区分(三年级必记)
1.区分 This is 与 These are:
This is + 单数 / 不可数身体部位(如 hair、mouth)
These are + 复数身体部位(如 ears、hands)
错误:This is his ears.(应为 These are his ears.)
2.区分 his 与 her:
描述男孩 / 男性:用 his(如 Tom 的外貌→This is his hair.)
描述女孩 / 女性:用 her(如 Lily 的外貌→This is her mouth.)
(三)注意事项
1.描述外貌时,物主代词要与描述对象的性别一致(男性用 his,女性用 her)。
2.身体部位名词的单复数要与指示代词(This/These)、系动词(is/are)保持一致。
3.hair 作 “头发” 讲时,三年级阶段按不可数名词处理,不用加 s。
4.用 And 连接多个外貌描述句时,前面句子结尾用句号,And 开头首字母大写。
【大显身手】
一、语法填空。
1.This is ______ (his/her) face. He is my brother.
2.Look! This is her ______ (eye/eyes). It’s big.
3.This is ______ (his/her) hair. She has long hair.
4.These are his ______ (hand/hands). They are small.
5.This is ______ (his/her) nose. It’s red.
写作指引
一、写作。
假如你是 Baobao,现在要向朋友介绍一下你的外貌。请你写一段话,要求:
1. 语句通顺,语法正确;2.不少于5句话;3.句子要短,用你学过的简单词。
(一)写作指导:
1.核心句型:牢记 “This is my + 单数身体部位”(如 This is my nose.)和 “These are my + 复数身体部位”(如 These are my eyes.),确保句型正确。
2.常用词汇:运用学过的形容词(big/small/long/red/black)搭配身体部位,让描述更生动(如 long black hair, big eyes)。
3.写作结构:先问候自我介绍,再逐一描述 2-3 个单数部位和 1-2 个复数部位,最后加一句简单感受,逻辑清晰且符合三年级表达习惯。
(二)核心词汇和句型(选三年级学过的简单词)
1.身体部位(三年级必学)
单数:hair(头发)、eye(眼睛)、nose(鼻子)、mouth(嘴巴)、face(脸)
复数:eyes(眼睛)、ears(耳朵)、hands(手)、legs(腿)
2.外貌特征词(简单形容词)
big(大的)、small(小的)、long(长的)、short(短的)、black(黑色的)、brown(棕色的)、red(红色的)
3.核心句型(介绍外貌基础主系表结构)
(1)This is my + 单数身体部位.(这是我的……)
例句:This is my nose.(这是我的鼻子。)
例句:This is my face.(这是我的脸。)
(2)This is my + 单数身体部位. It’s + 形容词.(这是我的……。它是…… 的。)
例句:This is my hair. It’s long.(这是我的头发。它是长的。)
例句:This is my mouth. It’s small.(这是我的嘴巴。它是小的。)
(三)范文:
Hello! I’m Baobao. This is my hair. It’s long and black. This is my nose. It’s small. This is my mouth. It’s red and small. These are my hands. They are small too. I like my look.
综合训练
一、单项选择题(选出最佳答案)
( )1. This is my friend. ______ name is Lily.
A. He B. She C. Her D. His
( )2.—Is Tom your friend?
—Yes, ______ is.
A. he B. she C. it D. they
( )3.We are good friends. We often ______ together.
A. play B. plays C. playing D. to play
( )4.My friend is ______. He always helps me.
A. nice B. tall C. short D. thin
( )5.I have two ______. They are Lucy and Tom.
A. friend B. friends C. friend’s D. friends’
2、 根据括号内提示或上下文,补全单词或用所给词的正确形式填空
1. This is my new friend. ______ (he) name is Jack.
2.We ______ (be) good friends. We like to play games.
3.She has three ______ (friend) at school.
4.My friend is kind. He often ______ (help) me with my homework.
5.—Is Amy your friend?
—Yes, she ______ (be). She is very nice.
三、从方框中选择合适的单词,补全句子(每词限用一次)
(friend play happy help nice)
1. Tom is my good ______. We go to school together.
2.My friend is very ______. She always smiles at everyone.
3.We like to ______ football after class.
4.I feel ______ because I have many good friends.
5.Lily often ______ me carry my schoolbag.
四、将 A 栏的问句与 B 栏的答句用线连起来
A 栏
1. Who is your friend?
2.Is she your good friend?
3.What do you do with your friend?
4.How many friends do you have?
5.Is your friend tall?
B 栏
A. Yes, she is. She is very kind.
B. Lucy is my friend.
C. We play games and read books.
D. No, he isn’t. He is short.
E. I have four friends.
五、按要求改写句子
1. He is my friend.(改为否定句)
He ______ ______ my friend.
2.We play together.(改为一般疑问句)
______ you ______ together?
3.My friend is Lily.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ your friend?
4.I have three friends.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ friends do you have?
5.She is nice. She is my friend.(合并为一句)
She is a nice ______.
六、补全对话
A: Hello, Mike! 1.
B: Hi, Amy! I’m fine, thank you.
A: 2.
B: Yes, this is my new friend, Tom.
A: Hello, Tom! 3.
C: Nice to meet you too, Amy.
A: 4.
C: I’m nine years old.
A: Do you like to play football?
C: 5. Let’s play together after school.
A: Great!
A. Nice to meet you.
B. How are you?
C. Yes, I do.
D. Is this your friend?
E. How old are you?
七、判断与纠错
1. She is I good friend. ( )
改正:_________________________________
2.We are friend. ( )
改正:_________________________________
3.He like to play with his friend. ( )
改正:_________________________________
4.My friend is friendly. I like her. ( )
改正:_________________________________
5.Do you have a friends? ( )
改正:_________________________________
八、【新考法·思维探究】根据例句,仿写句子
1. 例句:This is my friend, Lily.
仿写:This is my friend, ______.(如:Tom; Lucy; Jack)
2.例句:We are good friends.
仿写:______ are good friends.(如:He and I; Lucy and Lily; They)
3.例句:My friend likes to play games.
仿写:My friend likes to ______.(如:read books; draw pictures; sing)
4.例句:She is a nice friend.
仿写:______ is a ______ friend.(如:He /kind; Tom /happy; Amy /friendly)
5.例句:I have two good friends.
仿写:I have ______ good friends.(如:three; five; one)
参考答案
考点一:
一、1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C
考点二:
一、1. his 2. eye 3. her 4. hands 5. his
【综合训练】
一、单项选择题
1.C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B
二、补全单词或用所给词的正确形式填空
1. His 2. are 3. friends 4. helps 5. is
三、从方框选单词补全句子
1. friend 2. nice 3. play 4. happy 5. helps
四、连线题
1-B 2-A 3-C 4-E 5-D
五、按要求改写句子
1. is not 2. Do; play 3. Who is 4. How many 5. friend
六、补全对话
1-B 2-D 3-A 4-E 5-C
七、判断对错
1. F 改正:She is my good friend.
2.F 改正:We are friends.
3.F 改正:He likes to play with his friend.
4.T 改正:无需改正
5.F 改正:Do you have a friend? / Do you have friends?
八、【新考法·思维探究】仿写句子
1.This is my friend, Tom.
2.He and I are good friends.
3.My friend likes to read books.
4.He is a kind friend.
5.I have three good friends.
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